Patent Application
20220349130
The present disclosure generally relates to platform structures, and in particular to systems for conditioning platform structures.
Bridges or platforms for interconnecting portions of land may be susceptible to freezing during the winter season. Some bridges may freeze faster than adjacent portions of land because bridges may not benefit from heat emanating from the earth resulting in accumulation of snow on bridges or formation of ice on bridges faster than on adjacent land. Road salt may be applied to lower the freezing temperature of water atop bridges and/or for melting ice formed thereon (by way of freezing point depression). This may be effective until approximately −15° C. However, road salt substances may run-off into surrounding areas and detrimentally impact the environment and the longevity of man-made materials.
Road salt may detrimentally affect the environment. There may be no biological processes to remove road salt from the environment and the chloride associated with road salt can be toxic to aquatic life. Road salt can produce harmful effects in freshwater ecosystems, a primary location for these bridges. Some water samples collected from the local waterways have several times more chloride than the acute level stated in government guidelines. Due to this gradual buildup of road salt within the ecosystem, there has been reports of saltwater animals in freshwater creeks.
Road salt may also detrimentally affect the longevity of man-made materials. Road salt may impact the rate of corrosion of the steel used in the construction of bridges. This can increase the cost of maintenance and the frequency at which the bridges must be replaced. Road salt may also increase the corrosion or damage to vehicles travelling over the bridge or platform.
Due to the foregoing, there has arisen a need for a better, more environmentally conscious de-icing solutions on bridges.
Bridges or platforms for interconnecting portions of land may be susceptible to freezing during the winter season. Some bridges may freeze faster than adjacent portions of land because bridges may not benefit from heat emanating from the earth resulting in accumulation of snow on bridges or formation of ice on bridges faster than on adjacent land. Road salt may be applied to lower the freezing temperature of water atop bridges and/or for melting ice formed thereon (by way of freezing point depression). This may be effective until approximately −15° C. However, road salt substances may run-off into surrounding areas and detrimentally impact the environment and the longevity of man-made materials.
Road salt may detrimentally affect the environment. There may be no biological processes to remove road salt from the environment and the chloride associated with road salt can be toxic to aquatic life. Road salt can produce harmful effects in freshwater ecosystems, a primary location for these bridges. Some water samples collected from the local waterways have several times more chloride than the acute level stated in government guidelines. Due to this gradual buildup of road salt within the ecosystem, there has been reports of saltwater animals in freshwater creeks.
Road salt may also detrimentally affect the longevity of man-made materials. Road salt may impact the rate of corrosion of the steel used in the construction of bridges. This can increase the cost of maintenance and the frequency at which the bridges must be replaced. Road salt may also increase the corrosion or damage to vehicles travelling over the bridge or platform.
Due to the foregoing, there has arisen a need for a better, more environmentally conscious de-icing solutions on bridges.
In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a platform conditioning system, the system includes a plurality of ribs extending along a portion of a platform, and at least one fluid warming device positioned at one end of the plurality of ribs transferring heat to a first surface of the platform. The at least one fluid warming device includes a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement to a rib inlet, and a heating device coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed to the rib inlet.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device includes a first fluid warming device and a second fluid warming device. The first fluid warming device is positioned at an opposing end of the plurality of ribs from the second fluid warming device to form a closed-loop system. The first and second fluid warming devices includes a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement from a rib outlet of one of a pair of ribs of the plurality of ribs to a rib inlet of another of the pair of ribs, and a heating device coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed from the rib outlet to the rib inlet.
In accordance with a further aspect, the pair of ribs of the plurality of ribs are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, two pairs of ribs are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform and heated in closed-loops. A direction of flow of the first pair of ribs is configured to flow opposite a direction of flow of the second pair of ribs.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device includes a first fluid warming device and a second fluid warming device. The first fluid warming device positioned at one end of the plurality of ribs and including a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement to an initial rib inlet, and a heating device coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed to the initial rib inlet. The second fluid warming device positioned along the plurality of ribs and including a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement from a middle rib outlet and to a middle rib inlet, and a heating device coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed to the middle rib inlet.
In accordance with a further aspect, the rib inlet includes at least two rib inlets and the respective ribs are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs are positioned successively across the platform in a transverse direction.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs are configured to have a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.
In accordance with a further aspect, the system includes insulation on another surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the system includes insulation within an insulation cavity on a second surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform includes a plurality of decks interconnected in a longitudinal direction to provide an elongated rib for receiving the heated fluid.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform includes gaskets positioned between the plurality of decks to provide a substantially fluid-tight seal between the decks when providing the elongated rib for receiving the heated fluid.
In accordance with a further aspect, the gaskets comprise a rigid frame and a compressible material. The ratio of a width of the rigid frame to a width of the compressible material is based in part on at least one of the size of a gap between the decks, expected thermal expansion of the decks, and expected debris on the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, an end of each deck of the plurality of decks is configured to couple to a transom.
In accordance with a further aspect, the system includes a plurality of decks wherein each deck comprises a plurality of ribs extending along a portion of a platform, and wherein at least one deck comprises the at least one fluid warming device to form a closed-loop system transferring heat to a first surface of the platform. The fluid warming devices includes a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement from a rib outlet of one of a pair of ribs of the plurality of ribs of the deck to a rib inlet of another of the pair of ribs, and a heating device coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed from the rib outlet to the rib inlet.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform conditioning system includes a weather determiner to determine weather conditions. The at least one fluid warming device is configured to activate when weather conditions include snow or ice conditions.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform conditioning system includes a temperature sensor to determine a current temperature. The at least one fluid warming device is configured to activate when the current temperature falls below a predefined threshold.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform conditioning system includes a sensor to determine a current condition of the first surface of the platform. The at least one fluid warming device is configured to activate when the current condition includes snow or ice conditions.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform conditioning system includes a camera to record activity at the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device includes a plurality of fluid warming devices. The system is configured to selectively activate each of the plurality of fluid warming devices to selectively heat portions of the first surface of the platform based on ice or snow conditions on the portion of the first surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device includes at least one of a temperature sensor and a fluid velocity sensor. The system is configured to determine that the at least one fluid warming device is sub-functional based on readings from the at least one of the temperature sensor and the fluid velocity sensor, and generate and send an alert to an external computing device indicating that the at least one fluid warming device is sub-functional.
In accordance with a further aspect, the heating device includes at least one of an electric heater, a heat exchanger, a geothermal exchanger, and a solar heat exchanger.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid inducing device includes a fan.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid includes air.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform includes a bridge platform.
In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method to condition a platform. The method includes heating a fluid using a heating device of a fluid warming device, and promoting fluid movement to a rib inlet and into one end of a rib of a plurality of ribs extending along a portion of the platform using a flow inducing device of the fluid warming device. The fluid moving through the rib transfers heat to a first surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes heating the fluid using a second heating device of the second fluid warming device, promoting fluid movement of fluid flowing from the rib outlet of the rib to a second rib inlet and into one end of a second rib of the plurality of ribs using a second flow inducing device of a second fluid warming device, and promoting fluid movement of fluid from the rib outlet of the second rib to the rib inlet to form a closed-loop. The fluid moving through the second rib transfers heat to a first surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the rib and the second rib are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, two pairs of ribs are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform and heated in closed-loops. A direction of flow of the first pair of ribs is configured to flow opposite a direction of flow of the second pair of ribs.
In accordance with a further aspect, the rib includes at least two ribs that are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method further including heating fluid using a second heating device of a second fluid warming device, and promoting fluid movement of fluid flowing from a middle rib outlet of the rib to a middle rib inlet using a second flow inducing device of a second fluid warming device.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs are positioned successively across the platform in a transverse direction.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs are configured to have a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform is insulated on another surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform is configured to hold insulation within an insulation cavity on a second surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform comprises a plurality of decks interconnected in a longitudinal direction to provide an elongated rib for receiving the heated fluid.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform comprises gaskets between the plurality of decks to provide a substantially fluid-tight seal between the decks when providing the elongated rib for receiving the heated fluid.
In accordance with a further aspect, the gaskets include a rigid frame and a compressible material. The ratio of a width of the rigid frame to a width of the compressible material is based in part on at least one of the size of a gap between the decks, expected thermal expansion of the decks, and expected debris on the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, an end of each deck of the plurality of decks is configured to couple to a transom.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes determining weather conditions, and activating the fluid warming device when weather conditions include snow or ice conditions.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes determining a current temperature, and activating the fluid warming device when the current temperature falls below a predefined threshold.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes determining a current condition of the first surface of the platform, and activating the fluid warming device when the current condition includes snow or ice conditions.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes recording activity at the platform using a camera.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes selecting the rib from the plurality of ribs based on ice or snow conditions on the portion of the first surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes determining at least one of a fluid temperature and a fluid velocity of the fluid warming device, determining that the fluid warming device is sub-functional based on at least one of the fluid temperature and the fluid velocity, and generating and sending an alert to an external computing device indicating that the fluid warming device is sub-functional.
In accordance with a further aspect, the heating device includes at least one of an electric heater, a heat exchanger, a geothermal exchanger, and a solar heat exchanger.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid inducing device includes a fan.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid includes air.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform includes a bridge platform.
In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a deck configured to convey fluid to warm a first surface of the deck. The deck comprising the first surface, at least one rib extending through the deck, and a first opening in one end of the deck. The deck is configured to couple with an adjoining deck having an adjoining rib, and transfer heat from a fluid flowing through the fluid channel to the first surface. The first opening is configured to couple with an adjoining opening in the adjoining deck to form a fluid channel through the rib and the adjoining rib.
In accordance with a further aspect, the deck includes a second opening in an end opposite the one end. The deck is configured to couple with another adjoining deck having another adjoining rib. The second opening is configured to couple with another adjoining opening in the another adjoining deck to form a fluid channel through the rib and the another adjoining rib.
In accordance with a further aspect, the deck includes a manifold proximate to an end opposite the one end. The deck is configured to receive the fluid from a warming device via the manifold, and convey the fluid to the adjoining rib in the adjoining deck via the first opening.
In accordance with a further aspect, the deck includes a manifold proximate to an end opposite the one end. The deck is configured to receive the fluid from the adjoining rib in the adjoining deck via the first opening, and convey the fluid to a fluid warming device via the manifold.
In accordance with a further aspect, a gasket is configured to space the deck and the adjoining deck to provide a substantially fluid-tight seal between the deck and the adjoining deck. The gasket has a gasket opening permitting fluid conveyance between the first opening and the adjoining opening.
In accordance with a further aspect, the gaskets include a rigid frame and a compressible material. The ratio of a width of the rigid frame to a width of the compressible material is based in part on at least one of the size of a gap between the decks, expected thermal expansion of the decks, and expected debris on the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one rib is configured to have a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.
In accordance with a further aspect, the deck is configured to couple to a transom.
In accordance with a further aspect, the deck including insulation within an insulation cavity on a second surface of the deck.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid includes air.
In accordance with a further aspect, the deck includes a portion of a bridge platform.
In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of constructing a platform conditioning system. The method includes providing a platform including a plurality of ribs extending along a portion of the platform, and positioning at least one fluid warming device at one of end of the plurality of ribs configured to transfer heat to a first surface of the platform. The at least one fluid warming device includes a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement to a rib inlet, and a heating device couple to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed to the rib inlet.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes providing another fluid warming device positioned at an opposing end of the plurality of ribs from the at least one fluid warming device, coupling the at least one fluid warming device with the rib outlet of the one of the pair and the rib inlet of the another of the pair, and coupling the another fluid warming device with the rib outlet of the another of the pair and the rib inlet of the one of the pair to form a closed-loop system. The fluid warming devices include a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement from a rib outlet of one of a pair of ribs of the plurality of ribs to a rib inlet of another of the pair of ribs, and a heating device coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed from the rib outlet to the rib inlet.
In accordance with a further aspect, the pair of ribs of the plurality of ribs are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, two pairs of ribs are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform and heated in closed-loops. A direction of flow of the first pair of ribs is configured to flow opposite a direction of flow of the second pair of ribs.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device includes a first fluid warming device and a second fluid warming device. The first fluid warming device positioned at one end of the plurality of ribs and including a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement to an initial rib inlet, and a heating device coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed to the initial rib inlet. The second fluid warming device positioned along the plurality of ribs and including a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement from a middle rib outlet and to a middle rib inlet, and a heating device coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed to the middle rib inlet.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs are positioned successively across the platform in a transverse direction.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs are configured to have a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes providing insulation on another surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes providing insulation within an insulation cavity on a second surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, providing a platform includes interconnecting a plurality of decks in a longitudinal direction to form an elongated rib to provide a fluid channel for the heated fluid.
In accordance with a further aspect, the interconnecting a plurality of decks includes providing gaskets between the plurality of decks to provide a substantially fluid-tight seal between the decks when providing the elongated rib for receiving the heated fluid.
In accordance with a further aspect, the gaskets include a rigid frame and a compressible material. The ratio of a width of the rigid frame to a width of the compressible material is based in part on at least one of the size of a gap between the decks, expected thermal expansion of the decks, and expected debris on the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the interconnecting a plurality of decks includes coupling a side of each deck of the plurality of decks to a transom.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes providing a weather determiner to determine weather conditions. The at least one fluid warming device is configured to activate when weather conditions include snow or ice conditions.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes providing a temperature sensor to determine a current temperature. The at least one fluid warming device is configured to activate when the current temperature falls below a predefined threshold.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes providing a sensor to determine a current condition of the first surface of the platform. The at least one fluid warming device is configured to activate when the current condition includes snow or ice conditions.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes positioning a camera to monitor activity at the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device includes a plurality of fluid warming devices, and the plurality of fluid warming devices are configured to selectively activate to selectively heat portions of the first surface of the platform based on ice or snow conditions on the portion of the first surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device includes at least one of a temperature sensor and a fluid velocity sensor configured to take readings that are used to determine that the at least one fluid warming device is sub-functional, and generate and send an alert to an external computing device indicating that the at least one fluid warming device is sub-functional.
In accordance with a further aspect, the heating device includes at least one of an electric heater, a heat exchanger, a geothermal exchanger, and a solar heat exchanger.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid inducing device includes a fan.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid includes air.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform includes a bridge platform.
In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment in detail, it is to be understood that the embodiments are not limited in application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.
Many further features and combinations thereof concerning embodiments described herein will appear to those skilled in the art following a reading of the present disclosure.
In the figures, embodiments are illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood that the description and figures are only for the purpose of illustration and as an aid to understanding.
Embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached figures, wherein in the figures:
Bridges or platforms for interconnecting portions of land may be susceptible to freezing during the winter season. Some bridges may freeze faster than adjacent portions of land because bridges may not benefit from heat emanating from the earth resulting in accumulation of snow on bridges or formation of ice on bridges faster than on adjacent land. Road salt may be applied to lower the freezing temperature of water atop bridges and/or for melting ice formed thereon (by way of freezing point depression). This may be effective until approximately −15° C. However, road salt substances may run-off into surrounding areas and detrimentally impact the environment and the longevity of man-made materials.
Road salt may detrimentally affect the environment. There may be no biological processes to remove road salt from the environment and the chloride associated with road salt can be toxic to aquatic life. Road salt can produce harmful effects in freshwater ecosystems, a primary location for these bridges. Some water samples collected from the local waterways have several times more chloride than the acute level stated in government guidelines. Due to this gradual buildup of road salt within the ecosystem, there has been reports of saltwater animals in freshwater creeks.
Road salt may also detrimentally affect the longevity of man-made materials. Road salt may impact the rate of corrosion of the steel used in the construction of bridges. This can increase the cost of maintenance and the frequency at which the bridges must be replaced. Road salt may also increase the corrosion or damage to vehicles travelling over the bridge or platform.
Due to the foregoing, there has arisen a need for better, more environmentally conscious de-icing solutions on bridges.
Sending heated fluid up the structural channels of the bridge or a complement may provide a sustainable de-icing process. In some embodiments, fluid (e.g., air) can be heated with the use of an electric heater and accelerated with some sort of fan. The following describes embodiments using structural rib channels of a modular bridge (comprising, for example, bridge decks) to convey heated fluid to, for example, eliminate the use of conventional de-icing techniques such as road salt on bridges. In addition to the bridge decks, a HVAC system may be required to heat and convey the air throughout the bridge according to some embodiments. This HVAC system can use heaters, fans, and ducting to heat and accelerate the airflow to the correct ribs, and containment boxes to protect the equipment. A power system may also be used to supply this electrical equipment (e.g., solar power).
In some embodiments, the bridge platform may comprise modular bridge decks. These bridge decks may be easier to install and/or replace. These decks can be the initial point of contact for any vehicle that passes over the bridge. Some embodiments of bridge decks may implement modifications to conventional bridge decks to allow the decks to carry heated air, these modifications may not change the exterior and bolting dimensions and may not affect the structural integrity of the bridge deck design. Furthermore, the bridge decks may be adapted for use with conventional bridge designs to upgrade conventional bridges to heated bridges.
Some embodiments can operate automatically, without human control, based upon pre-determined weather and system conditions.
In some embodiments, contingencies can be established for the remaining systems as they are installed to prepare for unexpected complications as they arise during installation such as fitment issues.
Some embodiments of the methods described herein can provide the technical benefit of de-icing or preventing snow/ice accumulation on bridges or other platform structures without potentially detrimental road salts. Some embodiments described herein also provide the technical benefit of limiting excess weight on the bridge span. Some embodiments described herein are based on modifications to conventional bridge components which can enable simple installation and maintenance. In some embodiments, powering this equipment may be achieved with the help of a solar system which can allow for an off-grid system and a more sustainable and potentially cost-effective way of de-icing modular bridges.
Aspects presented herein examine the modifications that can be made to bridge decks to allow for the flow of heated air through the entire bridge, inclusive of the deck variations and orientations to promote an economical airflow design and configuration according to some embodiments. Aspects presented herein are also applicable to platforms and bridge decks designed for the purpose of enabling heated air to flow through a bridge.
The platform conditioning system 100 may be integrated with a platform 110. In some embodiments, the platform 110 may be a bridge deck. In embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure, platforms and bridge decks may be similar structures.
In some embodiments, the platform 110 may be constructed by combining a plurality of platform plates (or decks). In some embodiments, the platform 110 may be constructed of a unitary platform plate. In some embodiments, the platform 110 may be configured to provide a bridge between two adjacent portions of land.
The platform conditioning system 100 may include a plurality of ribs extending along a portion of the platform 110.
In some embodiments disclosed herein, the ribs 120 may be configured to provide structural support to the bridge deck or platform. In some embodiments, the ribs 120 may provide torsional resistance for reducing flex of the bridge deck.
In some embodiments, the plurality of ribs 120 may be integrated into the platform 110 and positioned below a first surface of the platform 110. The first surface of the platform 110 may be a surface on which vehicles or pedestrians may travel across or make contact with.
In some embodiments, respective ribs of the plurality of ribs 120 may be substantially parallel to adjacent ribs. The plurality of ribs 120 may be positioned successively across the platform 110 in a transverse direction 192. Other rib placement configurations may be contemplated.
The platform conditioning system 100 may include at least one fluid warming device 130. In some embodiments, the platform conditioning system 100 may include at least two fluid warming devices 130 respectively positioned at opposing ends of the plurality of ribs 120 to form a closed-loop system for transferring heat to the first surface of the platform 110. In some embodiments, the fluid warming devices 130 may be configured to warm fluids including air or a gaseous substance. In the present example, air or gaseous substances may be lighter than liquid substances. Accordingly by circulating air or gaseous substances through the ribs 120, the platform conditioning system 100 may be lighter in weight than otherwise would be if a liquid substance were circulated through the ribs 120.
In some embodiments, the ribs 120 may be completely filled with the fluid. In some embodiments, the ribs 120 may include a tube (or other container) containing the circulating fluid.
In some embodiments, the ribs 120 may include a heating element.
In some embodiments, the fluid warming devices 130 may be configured to warm liquids for circulation through the ribs 120. In some embodiments, liquids may have greater heat transfer capability. However, it may be desirable to reduce the overall weight of the platform conditioning system 100. Accordingly, the fluid warming device 130 may be configured to warm air or gaseous substances, as opposed to liquids. Further, in scenarios where heated liquids may be toxic or otherwise hazardous (e.g., glycol, among other examples), it may be beneficial to reduce the risk of leaking such heated liquids to a surrounding environment in the event of a breach to the rib 120 structures. Accordingly, it may be beneficial to warm air or gaseous substances, as opposed to liquids, for conveying heat to a surface of the platform 110.
For ease of exposition of some examples herein, a pair of fluid warming devices 130 may be identified as a first fluid warming device and a second fluid warming device.
In some embodiments, the respective fluid warming devices 130 may be configured to couple a pair of ribs 122 in the plurality of ribs 120. In the example illustrated in
In some other embodiments, the fluid warming devices 130 may be configured to couple a pair of ribs that may be separated by intervening ribs. Such an embodiment will be illustrated in a subsequent described example of the present disclosure (see, e.g.,
The respective fluid warming devices 130 may include a flow inducing device 132 to promote fluid movement from a rib outlet of one of a pair of ribs 122 of the plurality of ribs 120 to a rib inlet of another of the pair of ribs 122.
As an example, the pair of ribs 122 may include a first rib inlet 124 and a first rib outlet 126 corresponding to a flow of air. The pair of ribs 122 may include a second rib inlet 174 and a second rib outlet 176 corresponding to a flow of air. In the illustrated example, a first fluid warming device may be configured to promote air movement from the second rib outlet 176 to a first rib inlet 124. Further, a second fluid warming device may be configured to promote air movement from the first rib outlet 126 to a second rib inlet 174.
In some embodiments, the flow inducing device 132 may be a fan or other device for promoting movement of a fluid from one location to a subsequent location. In some embodiments, the flow inducing device 132 may be configured to draw air out of a rib outlet and may advance air into a rib inlet. In scenarios when the flow inducing device 132 may be a fan, specifications of the fan (e.g., capacity of fan to move air in cubic feet per minute (CFM)) may be based on the length of ribs, the cross-section of the ribs and other ducting, or other specifications of the closed-loop system through which air may be conveyed.
In the above described example, a combination of the pair of ribs 122 and the first warming device and the second warming device may form a closed-loop system for transferring heat to a surface of the platform 110.
The respective fluid warming devices 130 may include a heating device 134 coupled to the flow inducing device 132 to heat the fluid conveyed from the rib outlet to the rib inlet. For example, heated air from a heating device 134 positioned at the second rib inlet 174 may provide heated air travelling in a rib in a direction from the right side of the page to the left side of the page of
Heated air from a heating device 134 positioned at the first rib inlet 124 may provide heated air travelling in a rib in a direction from the left side of the page to the right side of the page of
In some examples, the heating device 134 may include at least one of an electric heater, a heat exchanger, geothermal heat pumps, or other devices for increasing a temperature of a fluid. As a heated fluid, such as heated air, is circulated through a pair of ribs 122, the heated air may transfer heat to a surface of the platform 110 for maintaining a surface temperature above the freezing point of water. By maintaining a surface temperature of the platform above the freezing point of water, the platform conditioning system 100 may operate to prevent accumulation of snow or formation of ice on the platform surface.
In some embodiments, the platform 110 may include materials for promoting heat transfer from the heated air (e.g., being conveyed through the ribs 120) to the surface of the platform 110. In some embodiments, the platform surface may be constructed of galvanized steel. In some embodiments, the platform surface may be constructed of weathering steel. In some embodiments, the platform surface may be constructed of aluminum. In some embodiments, the type of platform surface material chosen may be a function of material strength requirements (e.g., galvanized steel may be relatively stronger than aluminum) and maximizing heat transfer properties (e.g., aluminum may in some scenarios may have a higher degree of heat transfer characteristics as compared to steel). In some embodiments, other corrosion mitigation techniques may be employed such as electro- or mechanical deposition of a barrier or sacrificial layer. In some embodiments, a barrier (e.g., zinc oxide or epoxy paint) may be mechanically applied.
In
The platform conditioning system 200 may be integrated with a platform 210. In some embodiments, the platform 210 may be constructed of a unitary platform plate. In some embodiments, the platform 210 may comprise a plurality of bridge decks 212 (comprising decks 212E and 212M, collectively decks 212). In embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure, platforms and bridge decks may be similar structures.
In some embodiments, platform 210 may provide a platform on which pedestrians or vehicles can traverse. In some embodiments, the platform 210 may be configured to provide a bridge between two adjacent portions of land.
The platform conditioning system 200 may include a plurality of ribs 220 extending along a portion of the platform 210.
In some embodiments, decks 212 may be configured to provide plurality of ribs 220. Gasket 250 may be provided between adjoining decks 212. Gasket 250 may be compressible to provide some compensation for variance in gap size between adjoining decks 212 and to compensate for expansion and/or contraction arising from, for example, temperature differences. Gasket 250 may be suitable to provide a fluid-tight (e.g., airtight, watertight, etc.) seal between adjoining decks 212.
The platform conditioning system 200 may include at least one fluid warming device 230 (including 230a and 230b, collectively and individually 230). In some embodiments, the platform conditioning system 200 may include at least two fluid warming devices 230a and 230b respectively positioned at opposing ends of the plurality of ribs 220 to form a closed-loop system for transferring heat to the first surface of the platform 210. Details related to ribs 130 are generally also applicable to 230.
For ease of exposition of some examples herein, a pair of fluid warming devices 230 may be identified as a first fluid warming device 230a and a second fluid warming device 230b.
In some embodiments, the respective fluid warming devices 230 may be configured to couple a pair of ribs 222 in the plurality of ribs 220. In the example illustrated in
In other embodiments, the fluid warming devices 230 may couple a pair of ribs 222 being adjacent one another. Such an embodiment will be illustrated in a previously described example of the present disclosure (see, e.g.,
The respective fluid warming devices 230 may include a flow inducing device 232 to promote fluid movement from a rib outlet 276 of one of a pair of ribs 222 of the plurality of ribs 220 to a rib inlet 224 of another of the pair of ribs 222.
As an example, the pair of ribs 222 may include a first rib inlet 224 and a first rib outlet 226 corresponding to a flow of air. The pair of ribs 222 may include a second rib inlet 274 and a second rib outlet 276 corresponding to a flow of air. In the illustrated example, a first fluid warming device may be configured to promote fluid movement from the second rib outlet 276 to a first rib inlet 224. Further, a second fluid warming device may be configured to promote air movement from the first rib outlet 226 to a second rib inlet 274.
In some embodiments, the flow inducing device 232 may be a fan or other device for promoting movement of a fluid from one location to a subsequent location. In some embodiments, the flow inducing device 232 may be configured to draw air out of a rib outlet and may advance air into a rib inlet. In scenarios when the flow inducing device 232 may be a fan, specifications of the fan (e.g., capacity of fan to move air in cubic feet per minute (CFM)) may be based on the length of ribs or other specifications of the closed-loop system through which air may be conveyed.
In the above described example, a combination of the pair of ribs 222 and the first warming device and the second warming device may form a closed-loop system for transferring heat to a surface of the platform 210.
The respective fluid warming devices 230 may include a heating device 234 coupled to the flow inducing device 232 to heat the fluid conveyed from the rib outlet to the rib inlet. For example, heated air from a heating device 234 positioned at the second rib inlet 274 may provide heated air travelling in a rib in a direction from the right side of the page to the left side of the page of
Heated air from a heating device 234 positioned at the first rib inlet 224 may provide heated air travelling in a rib in a direction from the left side of the page to the right side of the page of
In some examples, the heating device 234 may include at least one of an electric heater, a heat exchanger, geothermal heat pumps, solar heat exchanger, or other devices for increasing a temperature of a fluid. As a heated fluid, such as heated air, is circulated through a pair of ribs 222, the heated air may transfer heat to a surface of the platform 210 for maintaining a surface temperature above a freezing point of water. By maintaining a surface temperature of the platform above the freezing point of water, the platform conditioning system 200 may operate to prevent accumulation of snow or formation of ice on the platform surface.
In some embodiments, the platform 210 may include materials for promoting heat transfer from the heated air (e.g., being conveyed through the ribs 220) to the surface of the platform 210. In some embodiments, the platform surface may be constructed of galvanized steel. In some embodiments, the platform surface may be constructed of aluminum. In some embodiments, the type of platform surface material chosen may be a function of material strength requirements (e.g., galvanized steel may be relatively stronger than aluminum) and maximizing heat transfer properties (e.g., aluminum may in some scenarios may have a higher degree of heat transfer characteristics as compared to steel).
In the present example, the automobile 390 may be configured to have a wheel-to-wheel dimension 392. As an illustration, typical automobiles may have a wheel-to-wheel dimension 392 in the range of 60 to 65 inches. Based on typical wheel-to-wheel dimensions 392 of expected automobile or vehicles travelling along a surface of the platform 310, a platform conditioning system (not shown) may be configured such that a pair of ribs 322 may be selected from the plurality of ribs 320. A distance between the pair of ribs 322 may correspond to the range of the wheel-to-wheel dimension 392 of vehicles expected to be travelling over the platform 310.
In some embodiments, the distance between the pair of ribs 322 may be other dimensions based on anticipated type or size of vehicle to travel along the platform 310 or bridge deck.
Accordingly, the platform conditioning system may be configured to pair particular ribs 322 along the platform 310 to correspond to typical wheel-to-wheel dimensions 392 of vehicles. By selecting particular ribs 320 for forming a closed-loop system of warm air circulation, the platform conditioning system may be configured to melt snow or prevent ice formation at areas of the platform 310 that may align with a track line of vehicle tires.
In some other embodiments, the platform conditioning system 310 may be configured such that any number of ribs 320 for preventing ice formation/melting snow across desired portions of the platform 310. As an example, a platform conditioning system may be configured to convey heated air through each of the ribs 320 to maximize the surface area of the platform 320 being exposed to heat. In some embodiments, conveying heated air to a pair adjacent ribs 320 may provide heat to a platform surface between the pair of adjacent ribs 320.
This description generally depicts closed loops between a pair of ribs, however the skilled person would recognize that the system can be configured to provide one long closed loop (e.g., referring to
Decks 212 of
In some embodiments, the respective ribs 620 may include a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape. The trapezoidal cross-sectional shape may provide reinforcement for resisting torsional flex of the bridge deck 600. In some scenarios, the respective ribs 620 may provide a rib or conduit through which air may be conveyed. As disclosed in some examples described herein, a heating device (not explicitly illustrated in
In some embodiments, the bridge deck 600 may include one or more bolt retaining devices 670. The bolt retaining devices 670 may be configured for encapsulating a retaining bolt and for preventing heated air from escaping through bolt apertures 612 of the bridge deck 600. Features of embodiments of the bolt retaining devices 670 are disclosed in subsequent drawings.
In some embodiments, the bridge deck 600 may include a manifold 690 configured for interconnecting a pair of ribs. At one end of ribs 692, an endplate 694 may be positioned for sealing the end of the ribs 692. To provide a closed-loop circuit for conveying heated air along a rib 692, the manifold 690 may be a duct or conduit for interconnecting the pair of ribs 692 and another rib (not shown).
In some embodiments, the manifold 690 is positioned between a pair of ribs 692a, 692b and receiving fluid from rib 692a. The manifold 690 may provide an interconnection such that heated air may be conveyed along the first rib 692a and to a second rib (not shown).
Fluid Path—Rib
Referring to
The heated bridge decks can be categorized into two main groups: the middle decks 212M and the end decks 212E, according to some embodiments. In some embodiments, the end decks 212E may have fluid inlets or outlets (e.g., manifolds) to introduce heated fluid flow into the systems. In some embodiments, the heated fluid can enter from one of the end decks 212E on one end and exit from the corresponding end decks 212E on the other end of platform 210.
In an example embodiment, the end decks 212E ribs can have cutouts (e.g., square, circular, etc.) on the side to allow for air entrance or exit. In other embodiments, the cutouts can be on the bottom on the rib rather than the side. In some embodiments, the fluid warming device is configured to connect to the rib through a rib cutout in the endplate not in the side of the rib.
The shape of the ribs may vary. The side of the ribs and the number of ribs that have the cutout can depend on the type of end deck.
Based on Finite Element Analysis tests, there were some local concentrated loads observed around the rib cutouts of some embodiments with square cutouts whereas other embodiments may not exhibit local load concentrations (e.g., 1000 of
Flow Path—Manifold
Referring to
Manifold 1300 can consist of a single bend metal sheet that follows the side profile of the rib when placed between (duct body 1302), a feed tube the height of the insulation bucket added (feed tube 1304), and a curved metal plate to direct the airflow (duct curved side 1306). The feed tube 1304 can be configured to gradually reduce to accommodate any pressure differentials resulting in differing flow path dimensions between the heated ribs and the external ducting. For example, feed tube 1304 may be gradually reduce the airflow from the ducting to a narrower hole cut in the side of the rib that requires airflow. The feed tube 1304 can connect to the rest of the ducting system and act as an interface between a duct and rib cutout. The duct body 1302 can attach in between the ribs, connecting two ribs' walls, and can make the area airtight, and can distribute the concentrated local loads around the rib cutout to the other rib. Finally, the duct curved side 1306 can be located in between the two reinforcing walls and can be responsible for guiding the air coming through the feed tube 1304 to the rib cutout and vice versa.
In some embodiments, the manifold 1700 may consist of 4 different pieces welded together as a square tube 1704. In addition to that, the body piece 1702 of the manifold can be made from 3 welded pieces.
Referring to
In some embodiments, the manifold may provide structural strength to the bridge deck. For example, the duct body may be capable of providing structural stability to the ribs.
Flow Path—End Plate Variation
Referring to
Middle decks 212M are characterized in that they can be configured to convey fluid from one adjoining deck on one side to the opposite adjoin deck on the other side. As such, their endplates require openings to permit the fluid to flow such as those of 1800 in
End decks 212E may have fluid conveyed in or out of them on one end through an inlet or outlet (e.g., a manifold). As such, they have endplates 1800 with openings substantially similar to those of the middle plates 212M on one end and closed end plates on the other side such as those of 1900 in
Unlike endplate 1800, in some embodiments endplate 1900 may not have any cutouts 1802 as it can be used on one end of the end decks where there is no deck next to it for airflow.
In some embodiments, there are holes 1804 and 1904 on right and left of the endplates. These holes 1804 and 1904 can be used to hook the decks up from during a hot-dip galvanizing process, for example. In some embodiments, the design of these holes is different. In some embodiments, these holes 1804 and 1904 can be used the control the positioning of the decks relative to the adjoining decks and can possibly control the nominal gap in between the decks by simply using a bolt and nut through them, for example. The holes can be positioned towards the middle of the endplate vertically to possibly enable the endplates to control the nominal gap and prevent the uneven force distribution that would be created by bolting from other locations in other embodiments.
In some embodiments, the endplates may be constructed of galvanized steel having a thickness that may be greater than a material thickness that otherwise would be provided for an endplate without the cutouts. Increasing the material thickness of the endplate having the cutouts may increase the overall structural integrity of the platform.
In some embodiments, rather than opening one or more end plates to convey fluid, all decks 212 may include manifolds proximate to either end of fluid conveying ribs 222. In some embodiments, the manifolds of adjoining decks can be coupled to one another to permit airflow through the manifolds rather than through openings in the endplates.
Flow Path—End Deck Manifold Variation
Referring to
Referring to
In some embodiments, heaters and fans may be positioned along the rib channel to reheat the fluid and induce flow along the rib. In these embodiments, the fluid may be configured to exit the rib, enter a heater and fan to heat and induce fluid movement, and re-enter a subsequent deck along the same rib channel. Such embodiments may be particularly advantageous where the platform is long.
In some embodiments, the heated decks are designed around 2 main categories: the middle decks 512M and the end decks 512E. The middle decks 512M are all substantially the same as one another while end decks 512E may incorporate differences from each other according to the quantity and orientation of their manifolds providing the inlets and outlets to heaters and fans 530. To determine these characteristics of end decks 512E and the quantity of each variant, the desired ribs that will be heated on the Highway may be identified.
In some specific embodiments, some end decks are designed with one manifold to provide or receive fluid from one rib and some with two manifolds to provide or receive fluid from two ribs. These differences can enable the heated bridge to preferentially de-ice the regions on which traffic is expected to tread (see for example
In some embodiments, ribs corresponding to the tire treads of traffic are heated. In these embodiments, two ribs may be heated for both tires. Two closed-loop systems can be constructed using the first rib of the first tire tread and the first rib of the second tire tread as the first pair and the second rib of the first tire tread and the second rib of the second tire tread for the second pair. These pairs can be configured to have opposite flow directions to one another such that the inlet for the first rib of the first tire tread is on an end opposite to the inlet of the second rib of the first tire tread. This configuration can enable warmed fluid at the rib inlet of a the first rib to compensate for possibly cooler fluid towards the rib outlet of the second rib.
The skilled person would appreciate that end deck variation will depend on the number of ribs in a deck, the ribs intended to be heated, and the orientation of the manifold and heaters.
In some embodiments, some decks do not have any ribs which will be heated.
In some embodiments, there can be five variants of deck. The first decks are the ones that can be in the middle of the bridge which can allow airflow to circulate both through the beginning and end of the deck (e.g., referring to
Flow Path—Gasketing
Referring to
In some embodiments, a modular bridge may have gaps present between the decks.
Though this gap may generally be one distance, it can vary. A gasket can be used to accommodate varying gap thicknesses, and can accommodate thermal expansion and contraction, and the compaction of dirt from cars driving over.
In some embodiments, a gasket can be used to connect adjoining deck ribs together and fill the gaps in between them.
The gasket design can consist of two parts: the gasket frame and the compressible material.
The gasket frame 2200 can be, for example, a steel piece or other stiff material that is cut in a similar shape to the endplates with rib cuts 2202. The gasket frame 2200 can have bigger galvanizing holes 2204 than the endplate to accommodate a washer that can control the gap as a part of the nut & bolt technique, according to some embodiments. The gasket can also have a wider steel area on the bottom of the rib cuts 2202 compared to the endplates. This design can enable bigger contact area for the compressible material to be applied to and can minimize the risk of compressible material getting separated from the gasket during the installation. Gasket frames of differing thicknesses can be used according to the gaps observed during the installation to accommodate for the manufacturing tolerances for the bridge parts which leads to uneven/inconsistent deck to deck gap dimensions.
The second component of the gasket embodiment described above, the compressible material, can be an open-cell polyurethane compressible material impregnated with a water-based acrylic-modified asphalt emulsion that has self-adhering tape on one side. The compressible material can have different protections in different compression levels and can offer water tightness when it is compressed, for example, to 80%. Such a width of the compressible material supplied can allow it to be used as one continuous piece per side of the gasket frame and can significantly decreases the manufacturing time for the gaskets.
Gasket 2400 can be used to fill the gaps between adjoining decks in some embodiments. The gap between decks can vary in size depending on the adjoining deck pair and other factors. Gasket 2400 includes two components: rigid frame 2406 and compressible material 2408. The rigid frame provides the gasket with structural stability to ensure that gasket 2400 does not fully distort under the pressure applied by the adjoining decks. Compressible material 2408 surrounds the rigid frame 2406 and provides gasket 2400 with compressive potential about its width to accommodate any gap differences. Compressive material 2408 maintains some of its shape and orientation owing to being coupled with rigid frame 2406.
During fabrication of a platform conditioning system, gaskets 2400 are selected to fit the sizing of the gaps between the decks. Rigid frame 2406 may be configured to fill some portion of the gap and the compressible material 2408 can be configured to compress to fill the remaining space.
Gaskets 2400 configured for longer decks may preferentially include a higher ratio of compressible material 2408 to accommodate the thermal expansion of the longer deck. Gaskets 2400 configured for platforms that are expected to have a large amount of debris may be configured to have a lower ratio of compressible material 2408 to protect gasket 2400 from debris pressing down and displacing the gasket 2400.
Gasket 2500 can be configured to fill gaps between decks 2502. Gasket 2500 can comprise a central rigid frame 2504. The rigid frame 2504 can be similarly shaped to the endplates and in particular permit free fluid flow between the ribs in the adjoining decks 2502. Gasket 2500 also comprises compressible material 2506 surrounding the rigid frame 2504. The compressible material 2506 can provide a fluid tight seal and can provide some variability in the suitable gap distance in which gasket 2500 is usable. A sealant 2508 can be added to the top of gasket 2500 to prevent debris from interfering with gasket 2500.
In some embodiments, the decks may include an end plate 2662 having one or more apertures having a shape substantially corresponding to a cross-sectional shape of a rib 2620. In some embodiments, a gasket 2660 may be positioned between an interface between two platform plates. The gasket 2660 may be configured to provide a weather-proof seal and may be configured to reduce air loss among the transition between a first platform plate and a second adjoining platform plate.
In some embodiments, the respective endplates 2662 may include a gasket attachment aperture 2664 for receiving positioning pin. When positioning pin is received within the gasket attachment aperture 264, the elongate rod may reduce movement of the platform plates in an x-axis direction and a z-axis direction. Further, by positioning the gasket 2660 between the interface between two platform plates, the gasket 2660 may impart frictional forces to the positioning pin received within the gasket attachment aperture 2664 and aligned apertures in the gasket 2660. For example, the gasket 2660 may be constructed of a rubber-based material and the positioning pin may be constructed of a metal, such that when the positioning pin touches the gasket 2660, frictional forces may reduce movement among the components.
In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the respective ribs may be trapezoidal in shape. For example, the longer base of the trapezoid may be adjacent a surface of the platform on which vehicles or pedestrian traffic may travel. A greater surface area at the interface between the respective ribs and the surface on which vehicles or pedestrian traffic may travel may provide for greater heat transfer from the heated air to the platform surface. That is, the greater the volume of heated air that interfaces with the surface of the platform or bridge deck, the greater the amount of heat being transferred to the surface of the platform.
In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the respective ribs may be configured for providing strength to the platform. For example, a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape of the ribs may provide greater torsional resistance for counteracting flex forces on the platform, as compared to other cross-sectional shapes of the ribs.
In some embodiments, the gasket comprises a metal or other stiff material frame with the same profile of the endplate. These embodiments may permit the frame consist of the majority of the gap, while gasket compressible material may fill the rest which can allow for expansion and contraction. The compressible material can be, for example, a metal roof and building sealant tape, that, when compressed to, for example, 65%, is airtight and 80% is watertight. In some embodiments, having the entire height of the endplate consisting of one piece of this material meant that air may be unable to flow through cracks if it was multiple pieces butted together.
In some embodiments, compressible material 2704 may have adhesive on one side which may be used to couple the compressible material 2704 to the metal frame 2702 forming precursor to the gaskets 2700 described herein.
In some embodiments, the assembly process for these gaskets can include peeling compressible material tape, sticking the gasket frame to the compressible material tape, and cutting the profile of the ribs and the extremities of the frames (using, for example, a heated knife). In some embodiments, gasket assembly can consist of cutting the compressible material in the length of the gasket frame, peeling the adhesive side off, and sticking it to each side of the gasket frame. After a good contact between the adhesive of the compressible material and the gasket frame is ensured, the rib cutouts and the galvanizing holes are cut on the compressible material using a heated knife. The heated knife technique can allow for the compressible material to be cut smoothly in the desired shape without shearing it off and causing it to rip or peel off.
Referring to
In some embodiments, the respective ribs may include a positioning tab 2850 protruding from an end of the respective ribs. The positioning tab 2850 may abut a portion of a gasket cutout, thereby reducing movement of the gasket about the end of the bridge deck 2800.
In some specific embodiments, the gasket 2860 may be constructed of rubber-based material as opposed to a rigid body with compressible material surrounding. Other materials for the gasket 2860 may be contemplated.
In some embodiments, a sealant 2906 (e.g., a silicone sealant) can be used to seal off any leaks in the system and support any gasketing technique. This sealant 2906 can also be applied around the rib cuts 2904 to ensure the contact of the gasket 2902 with the endplates and to ease the installation process. This process can allow the gasket 2902 to stick onto the endplate of the deck that has already been installed while placing the adjoining deck. This can lead to a safer installation procedure.
In some embodiments, after both decks 3102 and gaskets (not shown) are installed and the deck bolts are torqued down, a bead of a sealant 3104 (e.g., a silicone sealant) can be applied to the top of the gasket. With this process, the applied silicone 3104 may fill in any gaps 3004 between the gasket and the decks 3102 and provide a uniform flexible surface that the cars will drive over. This application may prevent the dirt and gravel accumulation in the gaps 3004 and may minimize the direct downforce being applied on the gasket by the passing cars. This accumulation of gravel may cause the gasket to fail and may require for bridge to be serviced. As such, its prevention may be technically beneficial.
Different gasketing techniques not described herein, may be serviceable for some embodiments. Some embodiments may implement tight tolerances for deck manufacturing to minimize the differences in deck-to-deck gaps. Some embodiments may account for water drainage from the decks in case certain components fail and water gets in. Some embodiments may weld the bolt sleeve to the bolt stand-off which can eliminate leaks. Some embodiments may weld the endplate to the top plate. Some embodiments may employ alternative techniques for insulation compressible material application not described herein. Some embodiments may employ techniques to prevent damages to deck's physical appearance from overspills and leaks during the insulation compressible material application.
Deck Coating
The prototype platform conditioning system 3200 may include a plurality of platform plates configured to extend in a longitudinal direction. A first subset 3220a of platform plates may be an aggregate coated deck for simulating asphalt road conditions, and a second subset 3220b of platform plates may be an uncoated deck configured for comparison.
In the embodiment illustrated in
Buckets for Insulation
In some embodiments, a bucket can be placed on the underside of the deck to contain the insulation that can be used. As the objective of some embodiments is to heat the top surface of the bridge to promote ice and snow melt, any excess heat loss through the underside of the bridge was unnecessary. To prevent this excess heat loss, an insulation bucket can be used which can fit on the underside of the bridge deck. The bridge decks are intended to dissipate heat through the top of the rib and throughout the platform to de-ice or otherwise melt snow. To minimize heat loss through other avenues, insulation can be used within the bridge deck structure to reduce the amount of heat lost through the sides or bottom of the decks (or any areas where de-icing is not intended).
In some embodiments, interior insulation within the structural ribs can be used to minimize heat transfer to the sides and bottom of the structural channel and maximize the heat transfer to the top plate which can maximum ice melt. In some embodiments, spray foam on the underside of the deck can be used to maximize the airflow through the internal structural ribs while insulating the rest of the system and focusing the heat transfer to the top plate of the deck. In other embodiments, an insulating insert may be positioned in a cavity beneath the deck.
In some embodiments, spray foam can be applied to the bottom of the decks to minimize the heat loss. In some embodiments a protective cover for this insulation foam can be used to accommodate for this modification to the decks and to make them aesthetically more pleasing. The protective cover (hereinafter the bucket) can be designed to protect the foam from outside factors, keep the foam from falling into the water streams lying under the bridge, ensure the consistency of the applied foam along the deck and/or make the decks look more aesthetic and robust. In some embodiments, there are 2 main types of buckets depending on the deck type they are being attached to: end deck bucket or middle deck bucket.
Bucket 332 can be fastened to the deck using, for example, self-drilling screws and flaps 3312. Butted to the endplate which can maintain the endplate being the only part of the deck to be in contact with the transom were necessary to allow the bucket to sit between the transom and the rib. Additionally, the manifold apertures 3314 can be used for the manifold feed tubes, and the injection holes 3306 can be used for the injection spray foam. Injection spray foam can be injected through the bucket to fill the voids between bucket 3302 and the underside of the bridge deck. Injection spray foam can be preferentially used to insulate bridge decks because it can allow for the bridge deck to be fully assembled prior to insulating.
In some embodiments, the bucket 3402 can be bent to shape from a single piece of, for example, 16-gauge galvanized steel. Bucket 3402 can be designed to have a gap 3404 horizontally between the upright bent side of the Bucket 3402 and the transom to help with sliding the decks on the transoms and ease the installation process. In some embodiments, during construction, the gap can be chosen based on calculations made to determine the maximum acceptable distance a deck can be moved before it loses contact with the transom and falls from the bridge.
In some embodiments, a series of precautions and modifications may be done during the bucket attachment process which can ease out the injection foam installation process and prevent overspills of the injection foam.
Referring to
The buckets 3302 can be designed to be attached to the decks using self-tapping screws. A series of holes 3308 on the side of the buckets 3302 can be added to the design to enable this. In some embodiments there can be differing numbers of holes 3308 (e.g., there can be a total of 22 holes, 11 per side).
Further, in some embodiments, there can also be holes 3310 on the flanges of the Bucket 3302 that correspond to the bolt holes on the decks. This can allow for the deck bolt to go through the Bucket 3302 and further secure its location relative to the deck.
In some embodiments, the corners 3312 of the buckets can be bent inwards towards the gap between the ribs and the C-channels to accommodate using bolt and nut through the Endplate. This can create an opening on the corner of the decks which can be used to access the galvanizing holes on the endplates.
In some embodiments, the buckets 3602 can be designed with a draft angle. This can allow the buckets 3602 to be stacked and can reduce the transportation costs from the manufacturer. In some embodiments, regardless of the bucket type, all of them can be stacked together.
Different embodiments may make use of different thicknesses (e.g., 16- and 22-gauge steel). These buckets can be attached to the deck and be filled with the predetermined injection foam. Differing injection hole locations can be used in different embodiments. Thicker buckets were found to resist distortions.
In some embodiments, the buckets can be sealed with spray foam cans. The end of the buckets where there is a weld present may have small gaps. To prevent these spots from causing injection foam leaks, they can be covered with spray foam from inside the bucket.
In some embodiments, another step during the bucket installation may be to put a bead of silicone on the c-channels alongside the decks and on the rib reinforcements before placing the bucket on. This step may prevent the injection foam leaks through the gaps on the side of the decks where the bucket contacts the decks and leaks into the bolt sleeves through the gaps between the ribs and the bucket.
In some embodiments, after the bucket is placed on the decks and secured with self-tapping screws, the injection foam holes and the manifold holes can be covered with tape and poked through as needed. This step may prevent any small injection foam overspills coming through these openings from sticking to the bucket surface.
Deck 3702 comprises ribs 3706 running its transverse length. Manifold 3708 is configured to provide or receive fluid from one of the three ribs 3706. Bucket 3704 can be coupled with deck 3702. Manifold aperture 3710 is configured to permit manifold 3708 to still be accessible by the external ducting. Once installed, insulation can be injected in through injection holes 3712 into the cavity 3714 between bucket 3704 and deck 3702.
In some alternative designs, the deck may include a retention bracket. The retention bracket may extend from a side portion of the deck and may include a cantilevered arm for supporting a retaining plate. In some embodiments, the combination of the cantilevered arm and the retaining plate may provide a cavity for receiving insulation below the deck and for preventing the insulation from being separated from the platform plate.
For example, the insulation cavity may receive spray foam with insulation. Other types of insulation may be contemplated. By positioning insulation material within the insulation cavity, heated air being conveyed through the ribs may transfer heat to the first surface whilst reducing heat loss from the second surface.
Bolt Aperture—Securing the Deck to the Transom
In some embodiments, a securing mechanism is used to secure the deck to the transoms. In some embodiments, the securing mechanism can be located exterior to the rib (and the fluid flow). In some embodiments, the securing mechanism can be configured to reduce fluid and/or heat leaks.
In some embodiments, the bolt down mechanism can isolate the bolt from the heated air system and can minimize air leaks from this hole in the rib channel. A guide sleeve can be used that extends from the bottom to top of the rib channel, and an external reinforcement sleeve can be added to strengthen and maintain structural integrity in that region. The seat on which the bolt sits may be consistent with other embodiment approaches, while remaining at the same height.
The bridge deck 3800 may include a plurality of ribs 3820 extending in a longitudinal direction of the bridge deck 3800. The ribs 3820 may be configured to provide structural support to the bridge deck 3800, similar to embodiments disclosed herein. Further, the ribs 3820 may be configured as conduits through which heated air may be conveyed. The heated air may be conveyed along the ribs 3820 such that heat may be transferred to the surface of the bridge deck 3800.
In some embodiments, the bridge deck 3800 may be secured to a transom 3842 in combination with embodiments of bolt retaining devices described in the present disclosure (see, e.g.,
In some embodiments the mechanism to secure the deck to the transom may be located internal to the rib and the fluid flow is varied to account for this difference. In some embodiments the mechanism to secure the deck to the transom can be external to the rib to prevent interference with fluid flow.
The bolt retaining device 3970 may include a sleeve 3972. In some embodiments, the sleeve 3972 may be cylindrical-shaped and may be sized for encapsulating a retaining bolt therein.
The retaining collar 4074 may be configured to be received within an aperture of the reinforcement bracket 4076 and, additionally, within a bolt aperture of a rib of an example bridge deck (not explicitly illustrated in
In some embodiments, the retaining collar 4074 may be configured to provide a seal at the bolt aperture of the respective rib, such that heated air being conveyed through the respective ribs may not leak to a volume of space exterior to the respective ribs.
In some embodiments, the bolt retaining device 670 may include a retaining collar. The retaining collar may be configured to be positioned within a bolt aperture of a rib of a bridge deck.
In some embodiments, the bolt retaining device 670 may include a reinforcement bracket 676. The reinforcement bracket 676 may be configured to have a substantially similar cross-sectional shape as one or more ribs of a bridge deck described in the present disclosure. For example, the reinforcement bracket 676 may have a partial trapezoidal cross-sectional shape configured to wrap around at least a portion of a rib of the bridge deck. For example, referring again to
In some embodiments, a sealant (e.g., a silicone sealant) can be to possibly prevent possible airflow leaks (e.g., where the endplate touches the top plate). In some embodiments, a sealant (e.g., a silicone sealant) can be applied to prevent possible water leaks all these water leaks (e.g., the bottom of the bolt sleeve, small hole on the rib, and/or around the rib reinforcement).
Rib Reinforcement
In some embodiments, the bolting mechanism can be shaped in the geometry of the ribs and placed outside of the ribs as opposed to the inside of the ribs.
Some concentrated loads of some embodiments determined using Finite Element Analysis are also observed around the rib reinforcement. These loads are determined to be due to the thickness and the length of the rib reinforcement. When the decks are loaded, they slightly flex which results in rib reinforcement getting in touch with the transoms instead of only endplates being in contact with the transoms. This results in the load being distributed to the ribs and makes them load-bearing. To avoid this, the length of the rib reinforcement may be shortened in some embodiments. Other embodiments are possible.
In some embodiments, rib reinforcement 4104 is configured to sit inside the rib 4100 rather than outside.
Fluid Heater
Referring to
The airflow coming into each set of heaters 4204 and fans 4202 on opposite directions, according to some embodiments. Other embodiments may be configured to only include one direction of fluid flow.
Fluid may come in through inlet 4212. The Fluid may optionally have its temperature determined by 4206 after entering the fluid warming device 4200 to determine, for example, the temperature gradient from outlet to inlet.
The fluid is then propelled by fan 4202. The fan may be any device capable of inducing flow in the fluid.
The fluid may then pass through a fluid velocity sensor 4208 to determine the velocity of the fluid. This may be used to assess the working condition of fan 4202 or to control another operating parameter. In some embodiments, a fluid velocity sensor (such as an airflow sensor) 4208 can be installed in between the fan 4202 and heater 4204, to inform and collect data regarding the air flow rate and to potentially determine experimentally the static pressure of the system and inform on any adjustments that are needed for the airflow rate via fan speed controls.
The fluid then enters heater 4204 which heats the fluid to a desired temperature. Preferentially this temperature will be sufficiently warm to melt snow along the length of the rib.
The fluid may then optionally have its temperature determined by temperature sensor 4210 before exiting fluid warming device 4200. In some embodiments, one temperature sensor 4206 being on, for example, the inlet of the fan 4202 (coldest point of the system) and one temperature sensor 4210 being on, for example, the outlet (warmest point of the system). This can allow for data to be received regarding the heat differential of the heater, and a gradient to be produced of the temperature loss throughout the system, in conjunction with the road surface sensor. This temperature may be used as a diagnostic tool for heater 4204. The temperature may also be used with the temperature determine by temperature sensor 4206 to determine the temperature gradient over the rib.
In some embodiments, the HVAC system can feed the hot air into the required ribs and force it throughout the system which can promote heat transfer upon the top plate. In order to facilitate heated airflow throughout the system in a secure and weather-protected manner, several components may be included such as the HVAC equipment that would be used (heater and fans), the containment box for this equipment and the ducting that would connect these two pieces to the bridge decks themselves.
In some embodiments, the addition of the HVAC system allowed circulation of heated air throughout the bridge. The HVAC system described consisted of electric resistive heaters, mixed flow inline fans, ducting, and containment boxes, that, once complete, may allow for the equipment to be isolated from external weather conditions and circulate heated air within the bridge system. Alternative embodiments are also possible.
In an example embodiment, there are two components for the equipment: the electric resistive heaters 4204 and the inline mixed flow duct fans 4202. Both of these pieces of equipment can be able to be mounted within ducting, as this ducting may closely resemble the bridge deck rib size.
In some embodiments, the heaters can be electric resistive heaters. These types of heaters may be easy to install, being that they can be installed wherever they can be plugged into power, and their power can be monitored, and data collected to inform on future iterations and designs for the project.
Other considerations in choosing heaters can include their “cut-off limits”. Some industrial heaters have two cut outs. The first, the automatic cut out, when triggered forces the heater to shut off until it cools down and then automatically turns the heater back on. The manual cut out is triggered once the temperature inside the electronic components box beside the elements reaches that temperature and cuts power to the heater, resulting in an individual having to reset the heater manually.
In some embodiments, heaters used can have an automatic cut out and a manual cut out. However, the cutouts of such embodiments may be triggered multiple times. In some embodiments, the cut outs can be selected to be tailored to the current application on a highway bridge. In some embodiments, the automatic and manual cut outs can be the same.
In some embodiments, coupled along with hot air generated from the heaters, the air can be propelled through the system. In some embodiments, mixed in-line duct fans can be used as they are common fans used in HVAC systems and have been used in a similar use case, accelerating air through a system. In some experimental embodiments, testing indicated that two fans, one operating at either end, produced sufficient airflow to promote adequate heat transfer throughout the system. In some embodiments, these two fans can operate at different flow rates, while in series.
Such systems may be difficult to calculate static pressure metrics for and so the system and fans can be tested experimentally and used practical, experimental data to justify fan selection for this application.
In embodiments that have bolt down mechanisms for the bolts and extra thickness between the top plate and the rib cutout, there may be restrictions in airflow in certain places. These obstructions in airflow, coupled with the uncertainty in the airflow and static pressure metrics, may necessitate more powerful fans.
In some embodiments, the fans may be mixed flow fans. Obstructions through the flow path and length of the rib and of the ducting between the rib and the containment box may all contribute to the static pressure of the system. Variable speed controllers can be used with fans to control fan output, if the flow rate chosen is too high for the system.
In some embodiments, the equipment can be located outdoors and beneath the bridge decks, and may need to be secured from both the elements and theft. To solve these problems, a containment box may be used. Criteria to consider are: welded at the seams which can prevent water leakage into the box, durable and somewhat reasonable gauge material to prevent theft, and a lockable door to allow for access to the equipment to service or replace. In some embodiments, the boxes may also be modified to include ducting holes and holes for required wiring.
In some embodiments, an industrial weatherproof box may suit. These durable boxes may be weatherproof as they are constantly outdoors and under harsh trucking conditions, and theft proof from individuals trying to steal from tractor trailers. Example embodiments may include a compression cam lock or a T-handle lock. These example dimensions permit two sets of heaters and fans to be held due to the size of the box, which can result in fewer overall boxes being required.
Referring to
In some embodiments, heaters and fans within containment boxes may be positioned along the rib channel to reheat the fluid and induce flow along the rib. In these embodiments, the fluid may be configured to exit the rib, enter heater and fan to heat and induce fluid movement, and re-enter a subsequent deck along the same rib channel. Such embodiments may be particularly advantageous where the platform is long.
In some embodiments, possible modifications include the connections for power and ducting, and holes for both may be punched, along with a shelf and bolting pattern to secure the equipment. For the ducting, both heater and fan sets can be placed inside the box, which can ensure the flows were in line with the respective part, and holes can be marked and cut, as shown as holes 4302 in containment box 4300 in
A design consideration is the location of the box on the bridge. In some embodiments, it may not be possible to rest it on the bridge abutment, between the face of the abutment and underside of the bridge decks, while maintaining enough space for the ducting to fit due to the height of the box. In some embodiments, a shelf to the abutment can be mounted, for example, below the “shelf” of the abutment and this metal shelf can be secured to the abutment with lag bolts. The heater box may rest on this shelf and can also be secured to the abutment with lag bolts.
In some embodiments, there can be two parts to the ducting that may ensure a fully closed system between the equipment within the containment boxes and the exterior ducting between the containment boxes and the manifold on the bridge.
Ducting
In some embodiments, the process to install ducting between the equipment within the containment box can include aligning the set of a heater and a fan and adding flexible ducting between each piece, the wall and the heater, the heater and the fan, and the fan and the wall. This flexible ducting may be secured to each element using aluminum duct tape. Flexible ducting can be used in these locations as it is within the containment box which is locked so it minimizes theft and weather damage, along with being able to absorb any vibrations that may travel from the bridge through the rigid ducting to the containment box.
In some embodiments, the ducting between the containment box and the bridge may be rigid to avoid an individual cutting it easily, and to allow it to be more durable with weather. An example embodiment of one proposed ducting configuration is shown in
In some embodiments, the ducting may be HVAC ducting made from straight sections and rotatable corners. These ducting pieces can be cut on-site and in the shortest route to the manifold connection. The ducting can also be configured to limit the number of sharp turns in the ducting to preserve the heating. In some embodiments, self-taping screws may be used to connect ducting then aluminum tape. The ducting may also include drainage features to eliminate any water from circulation.
A manifold (not shown) may be configured to interoperate with the manifold adapter 4602 to couple with the exterior of the manifold inside the insulation bucket. Manifold adapter bucket connection 4604 may comprise, for example, self-taping screws used to secure the manifold adapter in position 4602. The manifold adapter may further comprise a diameter reduction zone to transition from HVAC ducting to manifold sizing.
Power
In some embodiments, power connections may be used to operate the system and turn it ON/OFF.
In some embodiments, the available power near the bridge may be a residential high voltage single phase power line, meaning the available power that can be accessed for the bridge is 120V or 240V in single phase. This can inform the specifications for the heater as described earlier. The size of the service entrance can be determined based on all of the equipment. The voltage and amperage may be taken from the respective data sheets. In cases where the wattage is not known, it could be calculated using the equation below:
Power=Voltage×Amperage
In some embodiments, power for the heaters can be fed from the breaker panel to a splitter, then separate disconnects where it is then fed to each heater. The fans can receive their required power from one breaker that is daisy-chained along, with each fan splitter off individually from the longer chain. The AC splitter box and the, for example. eight disconnects may all be mounted on the abutment underneath the bridge in accordance with some embodiments. This can allow them to be out of sight of the general public and protected from some weather.
In some embodiments, the power system may operate the HVAC equipment and control system. As it was described, it may operate using grid tied power. Alternative embodiments are also possible.
Control Equipment Pole
Referring to
In some embodiments, the weather station 4708 can be a modular weather station which is useful for reliable meteorological monitoring. It may be capable of monitoring all necessary weather conditions that would influence ice accumulation on the bridge to turn ON the system, including wind direction and speed, relative humidity, air temperature, barometric pressure, precipitation, and solar radiation. Other solutions may also be used.
In some embodiments, the road surface sensor 4704 can be a non-contact infrared road surface temperature sensor, that can be used in bridge surface temperature monitoring, making it preferable for this application. Preferentially, there can be three of these sensors 4704 used in the system. One sensor 4704 can take surface measurements of the heated bridge lane, in the middle of the bridge, one looking at the non-heated portion of the bridge for comparison, and the final sensor can be pointed at the road and not on the bridge, to distinguish the effect of wind and environmental impacts on the bridge. As bridges are more exposed, the air flowing above and below the bridge may allow it to freeze much faster than the road surface.
In some embodiments, the final piece of equipment that is located on the equipment midspan pole 4702 can be the network camera 4706. The purpose of this camera is to visually monitor the system as required and record data as to the actual effectiveness of the system. It can also be a safety mechanism in the event of any theft of the equipment. In some embodiments, the footage may be saved and may provide time lapse information of platform conditions which may be used to determine local weather patterns or to determine ongoing effectiveness of the platform conditioning system.
In some embodiments, the network camera 4706 may be configured to provide visual input to an algorithm or AI to determine platform conditions. These algorithms may be taught to better assess platform conditions to activate and deactivate the platform conditioning system.
In some embodiments, all of these sensors, including weather station 4708, road surface sensor 4704, and internal air temperature and velocity sensors found inside some fluid warming devices according to some embodiments (see, e.g.,
In some embodiments, the pole 4802 can be secured to the bridge panel 4800 using, for example, staggered U-bolts 4810. This pole 4802 may be tall enough to deter theft and also allows for the equipment to be located at sufficient height for data collection.
Control
Referring to
System controller 280 may be configured to, for example, autonomously control the platform conditioning system 200. Sensors 294 may be configured to detect measurements relevant to snow or ice conditions (for example by taking in weather data or surface temperature data from the platform 210). System controller 280 may take this information and determine that snow or icing conditions are likely and initialize platform conditioning system 200 using system initializer 298.
The system initializer 298 may instruct the warming unit manager 288 to initiate warming devices 230 by initializing their heating devices 234 and/or initializing their flow inducing device 232. The warming unit manager 288 may be configured to initiate all warming devices 230 at the same time or it may be configured to initiate relevant warming devices 230 (e.g., if the system detects that icing is only expected on one rib of the platform 210 (for example due to shade), then this rib may have fluid warming initialized).
Warming unit manager 288 may also be configured to receive information from internal sensors found in the warming devices 230 (e.g., temperature or fluid velocity sensors). Warming unit manager 288 may be configured to use this information to determine if there is a technical fault with any or all of the warming devices 230 or if there is, for example, a leak in the system. In some embodiments, the system may be controlled by the weather station, road surface sensor and environmental conditions for the majority of the time but complementing this data with data about the internals of the closed heated air system informs regarding the performance and effectiveness of the system.
Warming unit manager 288 may also be configured to relay information from the sensors internal to the warming devices 230 to system initializer 298. System initializer 298 may use internal temperature to control the system heat and fluid velocity. System initializer 298 may further be capable of controlling fluid temperature and velocity for the individual warming devices 230 (e.g., if the system detects that some ribs in a closed loop have been adequately heated, then it may attenuate their heating to conserve on power).
Sensor manager 286 may manage the inputs received from a plurality of sensors 294. In particular, if there are multiple sensors configured to detect the external weather conditions then sensor manager 286 may be configured to sort the information received from the sensors into meaningful input for the system initializer 298. In some embodiments, sensor manager 286 may be configured to detect if a sensor 294 is faulty (e.g., when its measurements differ significantly from measurements expected based on measurements from other sensors 294).
In some embodiments, system initializer 298 is configured to receive the inputs from sensor manager 286 and predict if and when snow or icing conditions will present. In some embodiments, system initializer 298 is configured to use an algorithm to make this prediction. In some embodiments system initializer 298 is configured to use machine learning to predict when snow or icing conditions will present.
In some embodiments, system initializer 298 is configured to activate heating devices 232 and flow inducing devices 234 under different conditions. For example, in some embodiments, the heating devices 232 and flow inducing devices 234 are both initiated when the temperature drops below a predefined threshold. After initializing, the heating device 232 may be configured to stop heating the system when another predefined temperature is reached, though flow inducing devices 234 is configured to continue circulating the fluid until a third predefined temperature is achieved.
In some embodiments, system initializer 298 is configured to notify an external operator of relevant system conditions using alert generator 296. In some embodiments, alerts may include, but are not limited to, notifications regarding the status of the system, alerts regarding changing weather conditions, alerts indicating technical difficulties (which may include specific recommendations to correct the technical difficulties), requests to have an operator attend onsite to correct a difficult, maintenance notifications, etc.
System initializer 298 may send notifications via alert generator 296 based on measurements taken from sensors 294 and/or sensors internal to the warming devices 230 provided by the warming unit manager 288. System initializer 298 may be configured to send notifications (e.g., maintenance notifications or status updates) at regular intervals.
In some embodiments, variable speed controllers for each fan can be situated within an IT cabinet on a backer board to ensure that the controls can be secure and easily accessible if the fan speed is required to be changed. Sensor bus signal wiring can be wired from this IT cabinet to the various sensors and components that require a control signal.
In some embodiments, within each containment box, there can be two sets of heaters and fans, one set per heated bridge lane. Each set can be outfitted with a series of temperature and air velocity sensors to monitor certain metrics, including air inlet and outlet temperature and heated air velocity.
In some embodiments, the control system can monitor the system and surrounding environment. In some embodiments, when the system is powered, it can be operated manually by monitoring the weather conditions. In some embodiments, the system may operate automatically depending on pre-set boundary conditions, for example these conditions being when air temperature is below a predefined temperature However, specific conditions can be determined once the system is operating and can be optimized. In some embodiments, the control pieces include the IT Cabinet, control equipment pole, and containment box sensors. Together, all of this control equipment can work together to operate the system without need for command prompts or system ON/OFF from users in accordance with some embodiments.
In some embodiments, the IT cabinet can be the brains of the control system. It can be capable of storing all required control equipment including the programmable logic controller (PLC) and the variable speed control for the fans. The PLC can be integrated with all sensors in the system and once installed, can be able to be pre-set with certain criteria that, when triggered, will turn the HVAC system on and heat the car lanes of the bridge. Data from all sensors can be fed into this PLC and can be seen real time on a webpage that will be constructed in accordance with some embodiments of the weather station data in accordance with some embodiments.
In some embodiments, the control system can be the brains of the heated bridge system. As described, the control system may be able to control and operate the bridge and HVAC equipment automatically once the pre-determined weather conditions are met and will stay on for a certain duration. Alternative embodiments are also possible.
Additional Considerations
Referring to
In some embodiments where many platforms are scattered about a geographically proximate region, then those platform conditioning systems may share information with one another to more accurately assess snow and icing conditions. For example, based on the weather and wind directions at one platform, a neighbouring platform may be able to determine that snow or ice conditions are incoming and may pre-emptively begin heating the platform to more effectively de-ice or otherwise melt snow.
Though the foregoing has largely focused on heating by forced fluid warming, details described herein may be applicable to electrically heated platforms (e.g., platforms whose decks are heated directly from electric heat generated in the deck rather than a fluid heated outside the deck and force to flow to said deck).
Platform conditioning system can be configured with additional functionality. For example, in some embodiments, platform conditioning system 200 can be configured with light level sensors. These light level sensors may be configured to determine when the light level is below a certain threshold at which point the control system 280 may be configured to illuminate the platform 210. In other embodiments, the system controller may be configured to determine other inclement weather conditions (e.g., fog determined from the visibility determined from a camera) and may initiate safety protocols to assist drivers and/or pedestrians (e.g., increase artificial light or show warnings of inclement weather on electronically controlled signs).
In some embodiments, the decks may comprise an aggregate coated deck for simulating asphalt road conditions.
In some embodiments, the system may maintain a surface temperature a set value over the ambient temperature.
In some embodiments, the heater may have a power rating based on the length of the ribs or the width of the ribs through which heated air may be conveyed. The heater may have a higher power rating where the length of the ribs may extend a relatively large distance.
In some embodiments, the platform conditioning system may be coupled, via communication networks, to computing devices. Such computing devices may control the fluid warming devices based on ambient weather conditions. That is, it may not be beneficial to circulate warm air through ribs of the platform plates when the ambient temperature may be greater than a freezing temperature of water. In some embodiments, the computing devices may include weather stations having sensors for detecting ambient weather conditions.
In some embodiments, such computing devices may set or control the temperature of heated air being circulated through the ribs of the platform plates based on variations of ambient temperature. For example, the computing devices may set the temperature of heated air being circulated at a higher set point when the ambient temperature is lower than a first temperature threshold value. Further, the computing device may set the temperature of heat air being circulated at a moderate set point when the ambient temperature is greater than the first temperature threshold value. Other correlations between heated air temperature and ambient temperature threshold values may be contemplated.
In some embodiments, the fluid warming device 4900 may be interconnected with a rib by flexible connective ducts 4902 in combination with a duct-to-rib adaptor structure 4904. The duct-to-rib adaptor structure 4904 may include a geometric configuration at a first end for interfacing with the fluid warming device 4900. The duct-to-rib adaptor structure 4904 may include a geometric configuration at a second end for interfacing with the rib integral to the platform.
In some embodiments, platform conditioning system 5000 is configured to operate in a non-closed loop manner wherein platform 5010 is heated by fluid pulled from the environment, heated, passed through the platform 5010, and released. In some embodiments fluid warming device can take fluid in through an inlet 5076. This fluid can be propelled by a flow inducing device 5032 and heated by a heating device 5034 (both in fluid warming device 5030). The fluid may them enter an inlet 5024 entering one rib 5022 of a plurality of ribs 5020 in a bridge deck 5012. As the fluid passes through the rib 5022, it may heat the platform 5010 and may melt or de-ice the platform 5010. At the opposite end of rib 5022, the fluid may exit outlet 5026 into the surrounding environment.
Fluids taken from the environment can include, for example, air or water. The fluid may further be configured to cool back down to ambient external temperatures after exiting outlet 5026, but before re-entering the environment (to minimize shock to the external environment). The fluid may be filtered as or before it enters inlet 5076 to ensure smooth passage through warming device 5030 and rib 5022.
Other analogous components between 5000 and 200 work similarly unless otherwise required.
In some embodiments, platform conditioning system 5100 may include a platform 5110. Platform 5110 may comprise a plurality of decks 5112. Each deck 5112 may include one or more fluid warming devices 5130 (two warming units per deck are illustrated). The fluid warming devices 5130 may include a flow inducing device 5132 and a heating device 5134. The warming devices 5130 may be configured to receive fluid at one end of a rib 5122 of plurality of ribs 5120, propel the fluid using the flow inducing device 5132, heat the fluid using the heating device 5134, provide the fluid for recirculation into rib 5122.
In such embodiments, the decks 5112 may be configured to activate their fluid warming capabilities independently of one another. For example, if one deck 5112 is located in the shade, it may activate more quickly than neighbouring sunny decks 5112 due to a more rapid loss of heat.
In some embodiments, the decks 5112 may be configured to communicate with an external controller (not shown) which may be capable of activating the decks 5112 dependent on the local conditions of the deck 5112. The decks 5112 may further include sensors and provide sensor readings to an external controller. The external controller may instead or in addition include its own sensors for determining conditions of the platform 5110. These sensors may be capable of determining local conditions of individual decks 5112 and activate specific decks 5112 as determined.
In some embodiments, the decks 5112 may be configured to operate independently of one another such that a malfunctioning deck 5112 can be removed and replaced requiring only physical installation of the new deck 5112 (and minimal or no computational installation).
In some embodiments, an initially installed 5112 may be configured to take the role of the external controller as other decks 5112 are added to the platform 5110. Adjoining decks 5112 may be configured to act in a subservient role to the controller deck 5112 unless and until the controller deck 5112 is determined to be missing or malfunctioning, then the remaining decks 5112 may, for example, initiate an algorithm to determine the next controller deck 5112.
Other analogous components between 5100 and 200 work similarly unless otherwise required.
Example System Implementations
Referring to
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device 230 includes a first fluid warming device 230a and a second fluid warming device 230b. The first fluid warming device 230a is positioned at an opposing end of the plurality of ribs from the second fluid warming device 230b to form a closed-loop system. The first and second fluid warming devices 230 includes a flow inducing device 232 to promote fluid movement from a rib outlet 276 of one of a pair of ribs 222 of the plurality of ribs 220 to a rib inlet 224 of another of the pair of ribs 222, and a heating device 234 coupled to the flow inducing device 232 to heat the fluid conveyed from the rib outlet 276 to the rib inlet 224.
In accordance with a further aspect, the pair of ribs 222 of the plurality of ribs 220 are separated in a transverse direction 292 of the plurality of ribs 220 by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform 392.
In accordance with a further aspect, two pairs of ribs 222 are separated in a transverse direction 292 of the plurality of ribs 220 by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform 392 and heated in closed-loops. A direction of flow of the first pair of ribs is configured to flow opposite a direction of flow of the second pair of ribs. Configuring the system such that the flow on one rib is opposite to the flow on an adjacent rib can provide more even heat distribution in some embodiments. The first warm fluid at the inlet of the first rib of a first pair will compensate for the cooler fluid at the outlet of the adjacent rib.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device includes a first fluid warming device 220a and a second fluid warming device. The first fluid warming device 220a positioned at one end of the plurality of ribs 220 and including a flow inducing device 232 to promote fluid movement to an initial rib inlet 224, and a heating device 234 coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed to the initial rib inlet 224. The second fluid warming device positioned along the plurality of ribs 220 and including a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement from a middle rib outlet and to a middle rib inlet, and a heating device coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed to the middle rib inlet.
In accordance with a further aspect, the rib inlet 224 includes at least two rib inlets and the respective ribs 222 are separated in a transverse direction 292 of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform 392.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs 220 are positioned successively across the platform 210 in a transverse direction 292. The ribs 220 are positioned just below a first surface of the platform 210 wherein the material of the first surface enables heat transfer from fluid within the rib 222 to the first surface to, for example, melt snow or ice on the first surface of the platform 210. The platform 210 may preferentially be coated in a material that can provide friction to a vehicle travelling atop and/or efficiently transfer heat from the fluid within the rib to the snow or ice atop the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs 220 are configured to have a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape. This shape may, for example, be wider at the top proximate to the first surface, than at the bottom. Such a configuration may provide structural support and enable greater surface area at the top of the rib 220 for heat transfer to the first surface of the platform 210.
In accordance with a further aspect, the system 200 includes insulation on another surface of the platform 210. The platform is preferentially configured to convey heat through the first surface. Insulation on the other surfaces may enable efficient energy usage.
Referring to
Referring to
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform 210 includes gaskets 250 positioned between the plurality of decks 212 to provide a substantially fluid-tight seal between the decks 212 when providing the elongated rib 222 for receiving the heated fluid.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform conditioning system 200 includes temperature sensor 294 to determine a current temperature. The at least one fluid warming device 230 is configured to activate when the current temperature falls below a predefined threshold.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform conditioning system 200 includes a sensor 294 to determine a current condition of the first surface of the platform 210. The at least one fluid warming device 230 is configured to activate when the current condition includes snow or ice conditions.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform conditioning system 200 includes a camera 294 to record activity at the platform 210.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device 230 includes a plurality of fluid warming devices 230. The system is configured to selectively activate each of the plurality of fluid warming devices 230 to selectively heat portions of the first surface of the platform 210 based on ice or snow conditions on the portion of the first surface of the platform 210 using warming unit manager 288.
Referring to
Referring to
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid inducing device 232 includes a fan.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid includes air.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform 210 includes a bridge platform.
Example Method Uses
The method illustrated in
Referring to
The method illustrated in
Referring to
In accordance with a further aspect, the rib and the second rib are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, two pairs of ribs are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform and heated in closed-loops. A direction of flow of the first pair of ribs is configured to flow opposite a direction of flow of the second pair of ribs. Configuring the system such that the flow on one rib is opposite to the flow on an adjacent rib can provide more even heat distribution in some embodiments. The first warm fluid at the inlet of the first rib of a first pair will compensate for the cooler fluid at the outlet of the adjacent rib.
In accordance with a further aspect, the rib comprises at least two ribs that are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method further including heating fluid using a second heating device of a second fluid warming device, and promoting fluid movement of fluid flowing from a middle rib outlet of the rib to a middle rib inlet using a second flow inducing device of a second fluid warming device.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs are positioned successively across the platform in a transverse direction.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs are configured to have a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform is insulated on another surface of the platform. The platform is preferentially configured to convey heat through the first surface. Insulation on the other surfaces may enable efficient energy usage.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform is configured to hold insulation within an insulation cavity on a second surface of the platform. Some embodiments may offer the technical advantage of protecting the insulation against the elements (e.g., weather conditions or vandals). Some embodiments may also protect the environment. Some insulation used may break down as it degrades. The cavity may prevent insulation degradation products from contaminating the environment.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform comprises a plurality of decks interconnected in a longitudinal direction to provide an elongated rib for receiving the heated fluid.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform comprises gaskets between the plurality of decks to provide a substantially fluid-tight seal between the decks when providing the elongated rib for receiving the heated fluid.
In accordance with a further aspect, the gaskets include a rigid frame and a compressible material. The ratio of a width of the rigid frame to a width of the compressible material is based in part on at least one of the size of a gap between the decks, expected thermal expansion of the decks, and expected debris on the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, an end of each deck of the plurality of decks is configured to couple to a transom.
The method illustrated in
The precondition can include, for example, an external temperature, a weather condition, or a surface condition of the platform. For example, the method may initiate when the external temperature falls below a predefined temperature. As another example, the method may initiate when the external weather conditions include snow or predict freezing. As a further example, the method may initiate when the surface of the platform is determined to have snow accumulation or ice buildup. Other preconditions can be incorporated and any combination of the preceding preconditions can be used (e.g., the weather condition of rain when the surface is below the freezing point of water may also initiate platform conditioning).
Referring to
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes determining a current temperature (5414), and activating the fluid warming device when the current temperature falls below a predefined threshold (5416).
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes determining a current condition of the first surface of the platform (5414), and activating the fluid warming device when the current condition includes snow or ice conditions (5416).
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes recording activity at the platform using a camera.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes selecting the rib from the plurality of ribs based on ice or snow conditions on the portion of the first surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes determining at least one of a fluid temperature and a fluid velocity of the fluid warming device, determining that the fluid warming device is sub-functional based on at least one of the fluid temperature and the fluid velocity, and generating and sending an alert to an external computing device indicating that the fluid warming device is sub-functional.
In accordance with a further aspect, the heating device includes at least one of an electric heater, a heat exchanger, a geothermal exchanger, and a solar heat exchanger.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid inducing device includes a fan.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid includes air.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform includes a bridge platform.
Example Deck Implementations
Referring to
In accordance with a further aspect, the deck 212M includes a second opening in an end opposite the one end. The deck is configured to couple with another adjoining deck 212E having another adjoining rib 220. The second opening is configured to couple with another adjoining opening in the another adjoining deck to form a fluid channel through the rib and the another adjoining rib.
In accordance with a further aspect, the deck 212E includes a manifold 224 proximate to an end opposite the one end. The deck 212E is configured to receive the fluid from a warming device 230 via the manifold 224, and convey the fluid to the adjoining rib 220 in the adjoining deck 212M via the first opening.
In accordance with a further aspect, the deck 212E includes a manifold 226 proximate to an end opposite the one end. The deck 212E is configured to receive the fluid from the adjoining rib 220 in the adjoining deck 212M via the first opening, and convey the fluid to a fluid warming device 230 via the manifold 226.
In accordance with a further aspect, a gasket 250 is configured to space the deck 212 and the adjoining deck 212 to provide a substantially fluid-tight seal between the deck 212 and the adjoining deck 212. The gasket 250 has a gasket opening permitting fluid conveyance between the first opening and the adjoining opening.
Referring to
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one rib 220 is configured to have a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.
In accordance with a further aspect, the deck 212 is configured to couple to a transom.
Referring to
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid includes air.
In accordance with a further aspect, the deck 212 includes a portion of a bridge platform 210.
Example Methods of Construction
The method illustrated in
Referring to
The method illustrated in
Referring to
In accordance with a further aspect, the pair of ribs of the plurality of ribs are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, two pairs of ribs are separated in a transverse direction of the plurality of ribs by a distance corresponding to a wheel-to-wheel dimension of a vehicle travelling atop the platform and heated in closed-loops. A direction of flow of the first pair of ribs is configured to flow opposite a direction of flow of the second pair of ribs. Configuring the system such that the flow on one rib is opposite to the flow on an adjacent rib can provide more even heat distribution in some embodiments. The first warm fluid at the inlet of the first rib of a first pair will compensate for the cooler fluid at the outlet of the adjacent rib.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device includes a first fluid warming device and a second fluid warming device. The first fluid warming device positioned at one end of the plurality of ribs and including a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement to an initial rib inlet, and a heating device coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed to the initial rib inlet. The second fluid warming device positioned along the plurality of ribs and including a flow inducing device to promote fluid movement from a middle rib outlet and to a middle rib inlet, and a heating device coupled to the flow inducing device to heat the fluid conveyed to the middle rib inlet.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs are positioned successively across the platform in a transverse direction.
In accordance with a further aspect, the plurality of ribs are configured to have a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes providing insulation on another surface of the platform. The platform is preferentially configured to convey heat through the first surface. Insulation on the other surfaces may enable efficient energy usage.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes providing insulation within an insulation cavity on a second surface of the platform. Some embodiments may offer the technical advantage of protecting the insulation against the elements (e.g., weather conditions or vandals). Some embodiments may also protect the environment. Some insulation used may break down as it degrades. The cavity may prevent insulation degradation products from contaminating the environment.
In accordance with a further aspect, providing a platform 5502 includes interconnecting a plurality of decks in a longitudinal direction to form an elongated rib to provide a fluid channel for the heated fluid.
In accordance with a further aspect, the interconnecting a plurality of decks includes providing gaskets between the plurality of decks to provide a substantially fluid-tight seal between the decks when providing the elongated rib for receiving the heated fluid.
In accordance with a further aspect, the gaskets include a rigid frame and a compressible material. The ratio of a width of the rigid frame to a width of the compressible material is based in part on at least one of the size of a gap between the decks, expected thermal expansion of the decks, and expected debris on the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the interconnecting a plurality of decks includes coupling a side of each deck of the plurality of decks to a transom.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes providing a weather determiner to determine weather conditions. The at least one fluid warming device is configured to activate when weather conditions include snow or ice conditions.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes providing a temperature sensor to determine a current temperature. The at least one fluid warming device is configured to activate when the current temperature falls below a predefined threshold.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes providing a sensor to determine a current condition of the first surface of the platform. The at least one fluid warming device is configured to activate when the current condition includes snow or ice conditions.
In accordance with a further aspect, the method includes positioning a camera to monitor activity at the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device includes a plurality of fluid warming devices, and the plurality of fluid warming devices are configured to selectively activate to selectively heat portions of the first surface of the platform based on ice or snow conditions on the portion of the first surface of the platform.
In accordance with a further aspect, the at least one fluid warming device includes at least one of a temperature sensor and a fluid velocity sensor configured to take readings that are used to determine that the at least one fluid warming device is sub-functional, and generate and send an alert to an external computing device indicating that the at least one fluid warming device is sub-functional.
In accordance with a further aspect, the heating device includes at least one of an electric heater, a heat exchanger, and a geothermal exchanger.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid inducing device includes a fan.
In accordance with a further aspect, the fluid includes air.
In accordance with a further aspect, the platform includes a bridge platform.
Additional Implementation Details
Each processor 5702 may be, for example, any type of general-purpose microprocessor or microcontroller, a digital signal processing (DSP) processor, an integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a reconfigurable processor, a programmable read-only memory (PROM), or any combination thereof.
Memory 5704 may include a suitable combination of any type of computer memory that is located either internally or externally such as, for example, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), compact disc read-only memory (CDROM), electro-optical memory, magneto-optical memory, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), and electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM) or the like.
Each I/O interface 5706 enables computing device 5700 to interconnect with one or more input devices, such as a keyboard, mouse, camera, touch screen and a microphone, or with one or more output devices such as a display screen and a speaker.
Each network interface 5708 enables computing device 5700 to communicate with other components, to exchange data with other components, to access and connect to network resources, to serve applications, and perform other computing applications by connecting to a network (or multiple networks) capable of carrying data including the Internet, Ethernet, plain old telephone service (POTS) line, public switched telephone network (PSTN), integrated services digital network (ISDN), digital subscriber line (DSL), coaxial cable, fiber optics, satellite, mobile, wireless (e.g. Wi-Fi, WiMAX), SS7 signaling network, fixed line, local area network, wide area network, and others, including any combination of these.
Computing device 5700 is operable to register and authenticate users (using a login, unique identifier, and password for example) prior to providing access to applications, a local network, network resources, other networks and network security devices. Computing devices 800 may serve one user or multiple users.
As can be understood, the examples described above and illustrated are intended to be exemplary only. The scope is indicated by the appended claims.
The term “connected” or “coupled to” may include both direct coupling (in which two elements that are coupled to each other contact each other) and indirect coupling (in which at least one additional element is located between the two elements).
Although the embodiments have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the scope. Moreover, the scope of the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification.
As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed, that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.
The description provides many example embodiments of the inventive subject matter. Although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus, if one embodiment comprises elements A, B, and C, and a second embodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive subject matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.
As can be understood, the examples described above and illustrated are intended to be exemplary only.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Applications Ser. No. 63/177,341 entitled “PLATFORM CONDITIONING SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF OPERATING THE SAME” filed on Apr. 20, 2021 and U.S. Provisional Patent Applications Ser. No. 63/245,179 entitled “PLATFORM CONDITIONING SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF OPERATING THE SAME” filed on Sep. 16, 2021, the contents of which are both hereby incorporated by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63245179 | Sep 2021 | US | |
| 63177341 | Apr 2021 | US |
