BACKGROUND
The present disclosure relates generally to plumbing fixtures. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to plumbing fixtures that have a trapway with a drain-casted jet orifice.
SUMMARY
At least one embodiment relates to a plumbing fixture. The plumbing fixture includes a sump and a trapway extending from the sump at an inlet of the trapway. A jet orifice is disposed in the trapway at approximately the inlet and defines an angled axis that is oriented upwardly toward an upper wall of the trapway and rearwardly toward an interior of the trapway. The jet orifice is configured to direct fluid from a fluid supply source to the trapway.
Another embodiment relates to a urinal. The urinal includes a bowl and a trapway extending from the bowl at an inlet of the trapway. A jet orifice is disposed in the trapway at approximately the inlet and defines an angled axis that is oriented upwardly toward an upper wall of the trapway and rearwardly toward an interior of the trapway. The jet orifice is configured to direct fluid from a fluid supply source to the trapway to induce a flush cycle.
Yet another embodiment relates to a urinal. The urinal includes a sump and a trapway extending from the sump at an inlet of the trapway. A jet orifice is disposed in the trapway at approximately the inlet. The urinal further includes a first side channel in fluid communication with the jet orifice. The urinal further includes a second side channel in fluid communication with the jet orifice. The second side channel is located opposite the first side channel. The jet orifice defines an angled axis that is oriented upwardly toward an upper wall of the trapway and rearwardly toward an interior of the trapway.
A method of manufacturing a urinal, the method including filling a mold with a liquid slip wherein the liquid slip sets up in the mold, tilting the mold to a predetermined angle relative to a horizontal for draining a remaining portion of the liquid through a drain channel, removing at least component associated with the mold, closing the drain channel, modifying the urinal in an additional operation, and baking the urinal.
A method of manufacturing a urinal, wherein the additional operation includes a radius feature formed in the urinal. A method of manufacturing a urinal, wherein the additional operation includes a punch hole. A method of manufacturing a urinal further including coupling a cap to the urinal using liquid slip. A method of manufacturing a urinal further including drying the urinal for a period of time before baking the urinal. A method of manufacturing a urinal wherein the liquid slip is clay. A method of manufacturing wherein the component associated with the mold includes a pin or a funnel. A method of manufacturing a urinal further including turning the mold over to provide access to the at least one component associated with the mold. A method of manufacturing a urinal, the urinal including a sump, a trapway extending from the sump at an inlet of the trapway, and a jet orifice disposed in the trapway at approximately the inlet, wherein the jet orifice defines an angled axis that is oriented upwardly toward an upper wall of the trapway and rearwardly toward an interior of the trapway, and wherein the jet orifice is configured to direct fluid from a fluid supply source to the trapway to induce a flush cycle.
This summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The disclosure will become more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements, in which:
FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a urinal according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a front view of the urinal of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a side view of the urinal of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line 4-4 in FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a detail view taken of a portion of the cross-sectional view of FIG. 4.
FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view taken along line 5A-5A in FIG. 5.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a method of forming a drain-casted jet orifice in a plumbing fixture according to an exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a toilet including a drain-casted jet orifice according to another exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of a trapway system for a plumbing fixture including a drain-casted jet orifice according to another exemplary embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Before turning to the figures, which illustrate certain exemplary embodiments in detail, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the details or methodology set forth in the description or illustrated in the figures. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description only and should not be regarded as limiting.
Generally speaking, a plumbing fixture, such as a urinal or a toilet, can include an orifice (sometimes referred to as a “jet orifice”) for introducing water into a trapway of the plumbing fixture to assist in draining contents from a bowl or basin of the plumbing fixture through the trapway to a drain pipe or sewer line. Some plumbing fixtures are made from a vitreous material by a casting process, where a slip material or tube is utilized to form a hollow trapway within the plumbing fixture when the plumbing fixture is cast. After the plumbing fixture is cast, a jet orifice is typically formed through a solid casted wall of the plumbing fixture by manually using a punch to fluidly couple the bowl to a fluid channel of the plumbing fixture, where the fluid channel can direct fluid from a fluid supply source to the jet orifice to assist with draining. However, due to the significant amount clearance required to form the jet orifice using a punch and the orientation of the jet orifice relative to the trapway to function properly, the locations in which a jet orifice may feasibly be located on the plumbing fixture are limited. In addition, forming the jet orifice with a punch can result in significant material yield, and can result in inconsistent sizes or shapes of the jet orifice, thereby negatively impacting drain performance.
Referring generally to the FIGURES, disclosed herein are plumbing fixtures (e.g., urinals, toilets, etc.) including a jet orifice that is located approximately at an inlet of a trapway and is oriented upwardly toward an upper wall of the trapway and rearwardly toward an interior of the trapway, so as to provide sufficient fluid flow to the trapway for draining. The jet orifice can, advantageously, be formed at this particular location of the fixture and have this orientation by using a drain casting process instead of a manual punching operation, since it would not be feasible to form a jet orifice at this particular location or with this orientation using a punch, given the limited clearance at the inlet of the trapway. In addition, by forming the jet orifice using a drain-casting process instead of a punch, the jet orifice has a more consistent shape and size with limited or no material yield during the manufacturing process.
The following description focuses primarily on a drain-casted jet orifice for a urinal. However, it should be appreciated that the disclosed jet orifice structure and drain casting process can be applied to a variety of other types of plumbing fixtures and trapways, such as toilets, lavatories, or other plumbing fixtures that include a trapway and a drain. For example, FIGS. 7-8 illustrate a toilet and a trapway system, respectively, that each include a drain-casted jet orifice to assist with draining.
Referring to FIGS. 1-4, a urinal 10 is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the urinal 10 is made from a vitreous material by a casting process. According to other exemplary embodiments, the urinal 10 is cast from other types of materials or combinations of materials, such as ceramic, composite, epoxy, or other types of materials. The urinal 10 includes unique structural features that can provide for a more robust and consistent structure, as compared to some conventional urinals, and can minimize material waste during the manufacturing process. These and other advantageous features will become apparent to those reviewing the present disclosure.
As shown in FIGS. 1-4, the urinal 10 includes a bowl 12 (e.g., basin, reservoir, etc.) that is defined by a bowl surface 12a that forms part of a front portion 16. The urinal 10 further includes a lower portion 14 including an inner trapway surface 14a that defines a trapway 14b for fluidly coupling the bowl 12 to a sewer or drain pipe at an outlet port 14d. The urinal 10 includes a bottom portion 15 including an inner surface 15a that defines an opening 15b extending outwardly from the lower portion 14 for receiving a removable drain plug (e.g., to assist with winterization of the urinal 10, such as for outdoor applications). An inner portion 18 of the urinal extends upwardly from the bowl 12 and is coextensive with the bowl surface 12a. The urinal 10 further includes a first side portion 20 and a second side portion 22 located opposite the first side portion 20. According to the exemplary embodiment shown, the urinal 10 is symmetrical about an x-z plane extending through the middle of the urinal 10, such that the first side portion 20 is the mirror image of the second side portion 22. The urinal 10 further includes an upper portion 26 and a rear portion 24. The urinal 10 is configured to be coupled to, for example, a wall of a building at the rear portion 24 (i.e., the urinal 10 is configured as a wall-hung urinal). It should be appreciated, however, that the urinal 10 may be configured as a floor-mounted urinal, according to other exemplary embodiments.
Referring to FIGS. 3-5A, the urinal 10 includes a sump 13 extending from the bowl 12 at an upper boundary 13b to the trapway 14b at a lower boundary 13c. The lower boundary 13c defines an inlet or “mouth” of the trapway 14b. The sump 13 is defined by a sump surface 13a that extends from the bowl surface 12a to the trapway surface 14a. The urinal 10 further includes a primary fluid channel 20b extending in a substantially longitudinal direction laterally adjacent to the first side portion 20 and the second side portion 22 from an inlet port 26a at the upper portion 26. The primary fluid channel 20b splits off into a first side channel 21a and a second side channel 21b. The first side channel 21a wraps partially around the bowl 12 along the first side portion 20 toward a front of the urinal 10. Likewise, the second side channel 21b wraps partially around the bowl 12 along the second side portion 20 toward a front of the urinal 10. The first side channel 21a and the second side channel 21b are mirror images of each other, such that the urinal 10 is substantially symmetrical about a plane parallel to an x-z plane extending through the middle of the urinal 10 between the first and second side portions 20,22. In this way, the urinal 10 is less likely to have a manufacturing defect resulting from the casting process (i.e., different structural features of the urinal 10 may have different drying rates, which can cause cracking or morphing of the urinal structure). The first side channel 21a and the second side channel 21b are each configured to receive a fluid (e.g., water, etc.) from a fluid supply source, such as a household or building water supply, at the inlet port 26 and to direct the fluid to the trapway 14b to assist with the flushing process, the details of which are discussed below in the paragraphs that follow. Although not discussed in detail herein, it should be appreciated that the urinal 10 may include a variety of different seals, valves, and actuators to allow for a user to perform a flush cycle, similar to a conventional urinal. As such, the present disclosure should not be limited to the use of any particular seal, valve, or actuator.
Still referring to FIGS. 3-5A, the first side channel 21a and the second side channel 21b are symmetrical and each extend partially around the bowl 12 from the primary fluid channel 20b. The first side channel 21a and the second side channel 21b each curve below an underside of the bowl 12 around a lateral side of the sump 13 toward the front portion 16. The first side channel 21a and the second side channel 21b each meet at, and are fluidly coupled to, a drain channel 17b that is defined by a drain channel surface 17a. The drain channel surface 17a extends in front of, and below, the sump 13 between the bottom portion 15 and the sump 13. The drain channel surface 17a further extends upwardly in front of the sump 13 and terminates at an upper end 17b′. A cap 17 is coupled to a front portion of the urinal 10 adjacent the drain channel 17b at the upper end 17b′ to close off the drain channel 17b from an exterior of the urinal 10 during the manufacturing process, the details of which are discussed below with reference to FIGS. 5-6. The drain channel surface 17a extends downwardly below a bottom portion of the sump 13 past the lower boundary 13c and terminates at a lower portion of the trapway surface 14a to define a jet orifice 14c. The jet orifice 14c fluidly couples the drain channel 17b to the trapway 14b, such that fluid received at the inlet 26a is directed along the primary fluid channel 20b to the first side channel 21a and the second side channel 21b toward the drain channel 17b where the fluid is discharged into the trapway 14b at the jet orifice 14c. In this manner, the jet orifice 14c can, advantageously, help to induce a flush cycle by providing a flow of fluid to the trapway 14b to direct fluid (e.g., urine, water, etc.) from the bowl 12 and the sump 13 to a sewer or drain pipe at the outlet port 14d.
Referring to FIGS. 4-5, the jet orifice 14c has a particular orientation and relative position that allows for the jet orifice 14c to provide for a more consistent and effective flush function, as compared to some conventional urinals. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the jet orifice 14c defines an angled axis 14c′ that is oriented in an upward direction (i.e., away from the x-axis toward the z-axis) toward an upper portion of the trapway surface 14a and rearwardly toward an interior of the trapway 14b away from the lower boundary 13c. As shown, the jet orifice 14c is located rearward of the lower boundary 13c at a lower portion of the trapway surface 14a approximately at the inlet of the trapway 14b. In this way, the amount of noise that may be heard by a user of the urinal 10 as a result of fluid flowing through the jet orifice 14c during a flush cycle may be reduced by locating the jet orifice 14c inside the trapway 14b at approximately the inlet. In addition, the jet orifice 14c can provide for an effective evacuation of fluid from the bowl 12 and the sump 13 by locating and orienting the jet orifice 14c in the manner shown. According to an exemplary embodiment, the jet orifice 14c has a diameter in a range of between about 0.125″ (inch) and about 0.50″ (inch). This particular range of diameters can, advantageously, provide for an effective flow rate of fluid through the jet orifice 14c to the trapway 14b to help induce a flush cycle. According to other exemplary embodiments, the jet orifice 14c has a different cross-sectional shape, such as square, triangular, trapezoidal, or any other shape, depending on manufacturing preference. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 3-5A, the lower boundary 13c has a generally vertical or upright orientation, however, it should be appreciated that the urinal 10 may be formed such that the lower boundary 13c is oriented at a different angle (e.g., 45 degrees from vertical, etc.), according to other exemplary embodiments, which may cause the jet orifice 14c to be located closer toward the front of the bowl 12, away from the lower boundary 13c.
Still referring to FIGS. 4-5, it would not be feasible to use the conventional approach of a manual punching operation to form the jet orifice 14c at the location shown in FIGS. 4-5, due to the limited clearance in the trapway 14b and the orientation of the jet orifice 14c. As such, Applicant designed the urinal 10 such that the jet orifice 14c can be formed by a drain-casting process instead of a manual punching operation. By using a drain-casting process to form the jet orifice 14c, Applicant was able to form the jet orifice 14c at the particular location and orientation shown in FIGS. 4-5, while providing for a consistent shape and size of the jet orifice 14c and reducing material waste during the manufacturing process. According to various other exemplary embodiments, the jet orifice 14c may be formed at any other desired location within the trapway 14 using a drain-casting process, which is discussed in greater detail below. In addition, the trapway 14 may include a plurality of jet orifices 14c each positioned at different locations within the trapway 14, according to other exemplary embodiments.
Referring to FIGS. 5-6, a method 600 of forming the jet orifice 14c is shown according to an exemplary embodiment. In a first step 602, a mold having the basic shape and structure of the urinal 10 is filled with liquid clay slip. The mold is oriented such that the rear portion 24 is located on the bottom of the mold with the front portion 16 oriented in an upward direction above the rear portion 24. During the initial forming step 602, the urinal 10 does not include the cap 17 coupled thereto, such that the drain channel 17b extends entirely through the upper end 17b′ to the surrounding environment, so as to define part of a drain-cast pathway of the urinal 10. The liquid clay slip extends through the drain channel 17b, the jet orifice 14c, and the trapway 14b to the outlet port 14d. The slip also extends past the drain channel 17b and up through the first side channel 21a, the second side channel 21b, and the primary fluid channel 20b to the inlet port 26. In other words, the urinal 10 is designed such that the drain channel 17b, the jet orifice 14c, the trapway 14b, the first side channel 21a, the second side channel 21b, and the primary fluid channel 20b cooperatively define a continuous drain-cast pathway of the urinal 10. In a second step 604, the liquid clay slip may set up in the cast to form the various solid cast walls of the urinal 10. In a third step 606, some components of the mold are removed (e.g., funnels for directing liquid slip into the mold, pins, etc.) and the mold is tilted at an angle relative to horizontal, such that the remaining liquid slip drains from each of the primary fluid channel 20b, the first side channel 21a, the second side channel 21b, the trapway 14b, and the jet orifice 14c down through the drain channel 17c and out of the urinal 10 through the upper end 17b′. In this way, the jet orifice 14c and the drain channel 17b, advantageously, allows for the liquid slip to exit the internal drain-cast pathway of the urinal 10, so as to form the trapway 14b, the jet orifice 14c, the primary fluid channel 20b, the first side channel 21a, and the second side channel 21b by drain-casting.
Still referring to FIGS. 5-6, in a fourth step 608, the mold may be laid flat with a back piece of the mold removed (i.e., the mold piece adjacent the rear portion 24), such that various forming operations can be performed on the urinal 10 (e.g., holes punched, radii formed, etc.). In a fifth step 610, the mold may be flipped back over to remove the other parts of the mold from the urinal 10 (e.g., a center part, a core, a front part, etc.). In a sixth step 612, the cap 17, which may be made from the same material as the urinal 10, can be coupled (e.g., using slip, etc.) to the urinal 10 at the upper end 17b′ to close off the drain channel 17b. Additionally, the various parting lines and edges of the urinal 10 may be removed or smoothed during step 612. In a seventh step 614, the urinal 10 is dried for a period of time. In an eighth step 616, the urinal 10 can be sprayed with glaze and then baked in a kiln to form the final urinal 10.
Referring to FIG. 7, a toilet 700 is shown according to another exemplary embodiment. According to an exemplary embodiment, the toilet 700 is made from a vitreous material by a casting process. According to other exemplary embodiments, the toilet 700 is cast from other types of materials or combinations of materials, such as ceramic, composite, epoxy, or other types of materials. The toilet 700 includes a bowl 710 having an inlet 710b defined by a bowl surface 710a. The toilet 700 further includes a sump 715 defined by a sump wall 715a that extends from the bowl 710 at an upper boundary 715b to a trapway 720 at a lower boundary 715c. The lower boundary 720c defines an inlet or “mouth” of the trapway 720. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the lower boundary 720c has a generally vertical or upright orientation, however, it should be appreciated that the toilet 700 may be formed such that the lower boundary 720c is oriented at a different angle (e.g., 45 degrees from vertical, etc.), according to other exemplary embodiments. The sump surface 715a extends from, and is coextensive with, the bowl surface 710 to a trapway surface 720a that defines a trapway opening 720b. The trapway opening 720b extends to an outlet for connecting the toilet 700 to a sewer or drain. In this exemplary embodiment, the toilet 700 including trapway 720 is configured as a siphonic toilet, whereby the contents of the bowl 710 are emptied by creating a siphon effect in the trapway 720, the details of which are discussed below. According to another exemplary embodiment, the toilet 700 may be configured as a “blowout” style jetted toilet.
The toilet 700 further includes a drain channel 730 extending partially in front of, and below, the sump 715. The drain channel 730 may be fluidly coupled to a fluid supply source, such as a household water supply. The drain channel 730 includes a drain opening 730b that is defined by a drain surface 730a. The drain surface 730a extends upwardly and terminates at the trapway surface 720a approximately at the inlet of the trapway 720 to define a jet orifice 720c (e.g., sump jet orifice, etc.). The jet orifice 720c is located rearward of the lower boundary 715c in the trapway 720. The toilet 700 is configured such that the drain channel 730 can direct a flow of water from a fluid supply source to the jet orifice 720c, where the flow of water can be introduced into the trapway 720 to, for example, help to prime a siphon in the trapway 720 to induce a flush cycle and empty the contents of the bowl 710.
Similar to the jet orifice 14c discussed above, the jet orifice 720c has a particular orientation and relative position that allows for the jet orifice to provide for a more consistent and effective flush function, as compared to some conventional toilets. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the jet orifice 720c defines an angled axis 720c′ that is oriented in an upward direction (i.e., away from the x-axis toward the z-axis) toward an upper portion of the trapway surface 720a and rearwardly toward an interior of the trapway 720 away from the lower boundary 715c. As shown, the jet orifice 720c is located rearward of the lower boundary 715c at a lower portion of the trapway surface 720a approximately at the inlet of the trapway 720. In this way, the jet orifice 720c can provide for an effective evacuation of fluid from the bowl 710 and the sump 715 by locating and orienting the jet orifice 720c in the manner shown.
Still referring to FIG. 7, it would not be feasible to use the conventional approach of a manual punching operation to form the jet orifice 720c at the location shown in FIG. 7, due to the limited clearance in the trapway 720 and the orientation of the jet orifice 720c. As such, similar to the urinal 10 discussed above, Applicant designed the toilet 700 such that the jet orifice 720c can be formed by a drain-casting process instead of a manual punching operation. By using a drain-casting process to form the jet orifice 720c, Applicant was able to form the jet orifice at the particular location and orientation shown in FIG. 7, while providing for a more consistent shape and size of the jet orifice 720c and reducing material waste during the manufacturing process. The jet orifice 720c can be formed in a similar manner as the jet orifice 14c of the urinal 10 discussed in detail above. According to various other exemplary embodiments, the jet orifice 720c may be formed at any other desired location within the trapway 720 using the drain-casting process discussed above. In addition, the toilet 700 may include a plurality of jet orifices 720c each positioned at different locations within the trapway 720, according to other exemplary embodiments.
Referring to FIG. 8, a trapway system 800 is shown according to another exemplary embodiment. The trapway system 800 may be coupled to, or integrally formed with, a plumbing fixture, such as a toilet, a urinal, a bidet, a sink, a lavatory, or any other type of plumbing fixture to help facilitate draining. According to an exemplary embodiment, the trapway system 800 is integrally formed from a vitreous material by a casting process. According to other exemplary embodiments, the trapway system 800 is cast from other types of materials or combinations of materials, such as ceramic, composite, epoxy, or other types of materials. The trapway system 800 includes a sump 810 having a sump opening 810b defined by a sump wall 810a that extends to a trapway 820 at a lower boundary 810c. The lower boundary 810c defines an inlet or “mouth” of the trapway 820. The sump surface 810a extends to a trapway surface 820a that defines a trapway opening 820b. The trapway opening 820b extends to an outlet for connecting the trapway system 800 to a sewer or drain.
The trapway system 800 further includes a drain channel 830 extending partially in front of, and below, the sump 810. The drain channel 830 may be fluidly coupled to a fluid supply source, such as a household water supply, at a water connection point. The drain channel 830 includes a drain opening 830b that is defined by a drain surface 830a. The drain surface 830a extends upwardly and terminates at the trapway surface 820a approximately at the inlet of the trapway 820 to define a jet orifice 820c. The jet orifice 820c is located rearward of the lower boundary 810c in the trapway 820. The trapway system 800 may be configured such that the drain channel 830 can direct a flow of water from a fluid supply source to the jet orifice 820c, where the flow of water can be introduced into the trapway 820 to, for example, help to drain the contents of a vessel or bowl of a plumbing fixture.
Similar to the jet orifice 14c and the jet orifice 720c discussed above, the jet orifice 820c has a particular orientation and relative position that allows for the jet orifice to provide for a more consistent and effective draining function, as compared to other trapway configurations. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the jet orifice 820c defines an angled axis 820c′ that is oriented in an upward direction (i.e., away from the x-axis toward the z-axis) toward an upper portion of the trapway surface 820a and rearwardly toward an interior of the trapway 820 away from the lower boundary 810c. As shown, the jet orifice 820c is located rearward of the lower boundary 810c at a lower portion of the trapway surface 820a approximately at the inlet of the trapway 820. In this way, the jet orifice 820c can provide for an effective evacuation of fluid from a plumbing fixture by locating and orienting the jet orifice 820c in the manner shown. According to various other exemplary embodiments, the jet orifice 820c may be formed at any other desired location within the trapway 820 using the drain-casting process discussed above. In addition, the trapway 820 may include a plurality of jet orifices 820c each positioned at different locations within the trapway 820, according to other exemplary embodiments.
Still referring to FIG. 8, it would not be feasible to use the conventional approach of a manual punching operation to form the jet orifice 820c at the location shown in FIG. 8, due to the limited clearance in the trapway 820 and the orientation of the jet orifice 820c. As such, similar to the urinal 10 and toilet 700 discussed above, Applicant designed the trapway system 800 such that the jet orifice 820c can be formed by a drain-casting process instead of a manual punching operation. By using a drain-casting process to form the jet orifice 820c, Applicant was able to form the jet orifice at the particular location and orientation shown in FIG. 8, while providing for a more consistent shape and size of the jet orifice 820c and reducing material waste during the manufacturing process. The jet orifice 820c can be formed in a similar manner as the jet orifice 14c of the urinal 10 discussed in detail above.
The disclosed plumbing fixtures include a jet orifice that is located at approximately an inlet of a trapway and is oriented upwardly toward an upper wall of the trapway and rearwardly toward an interior of the trapway, so as to provide sufficient fluid flow to the trapway for draining. The jet orifice can, advantageously, be formed in this particular location of the fixture and have this orientation by using a drain-casting process instead of a manual punching operation. In addition, by forming the jet orifice using a drain-casting process instead of a punch, the jet orifice has a more consistent shape and size with limited or no material yield during the manufacturing process, as compared to jet orifices that are formed using a punch.
As utilized herein, the terms “approximately,” “about,” “substantially,” and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It should be understood by those of skill in the art who review this disclosure that these terms are intended to allow a description of certain features described and claimed without restricting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the disclosure as recited in the appended claims.
It should be noted that the term “exemplary” and variations thereof, as used herein to describe various embodiments, are intended to indicate that such embodiments are possible examples, representations, or illustrations of possible embodiments (and such terms are not intended to connote that such embodiments are necessarily extraordinary or superlative examples).
The term “coupled” and variations thereof, as used herein, means the joining of two members directly or indirectly to one another. Such joining may be stationary (e.g., permanent or fixed) or moveable (e.g., removable or releasable). Such joining may be achieved with the two members coupled directly to each other, with the two members coupled to each other using a separate intervening member and any additional intermediate members coupled with one another, or with the two members coupled to each other using an intervening member that is integrally formed as a single unitary body with one of the two members. If “coupled” or variations thereof are modified by an additional term (e.g., directly coupled), the generic definition of “coupled” provided above is modified by the plain language meaning of the additional term (e.g., “directly coupled” means the joining of two members without any separate intervening member), resulting in a narrower definition than the generic definition of “coupled” provided above. Such coupling may be mechanical, electrical, or fluidic.
The term “or,” as used herein, is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Conjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, and Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is understood to convey that an element may be either X, Y, Z; X and Y; X and Z; Y and Z; or X, Y, and Z (i.e., any combination of X, Y, and Z). Thus, such conjunctive language is not generally intended to imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, and at least one of Z to each be present, unless otherwise indicated.
References herein to the positions of elements (e.g., “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below”) are merely used to describe the orientation of various elements in the FIGURES. It should be noted that the orientation of various elements may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and that such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure.
Although the figures and description may illustrate a specific order of method steps, the order of such steps may differ from what is depicted and described, unless specified differently above. Also, two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence, unless specified differently above.
It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the urinal as shown in the various exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Additionally, any element disclosed in one embodiment may be incorporated or utilized with any other embodiment disclosed herein.
Patent Grant
11421413
