Patent Application
20160242984
The present invention relates to a pneumatic massage apparatus. More particularly, the present invention relates to a pneumatic massage apparatus suitable for use in treatment of various types of edema (swelling), including lymphedema in the legs and arms.
If lymphatic vessels are depressed in function or occluded by cancer treatment or the like, the lymph fluid does not flow smoothly. Consequently, the lymph fluid, which should normally be absorbed into the lymphatic vessels, may accumulate in spaces in the cellular tissues, resulting in swelling mainly in the arms and legs. Such swelling resulting from obstruction of the circulation of lymph fluid is known as lymphedema. Edema may also occur in the arms and legs owing to some disease in the blood vessels.
Manual lymphatic drainage is known as a method of treating such edema. The manual lymphatic drainage is effective in treating not only lymphedema but also vascular edema. With the manual lymphatic drainage, a body fluid such as lymph fluid accumulated in spaces in the cellular tissues is urged toward normally-functioning lymphatic vessels and blood vessels by massage performed with the human hands, thereby resolving the swelling. The manual lymphatic drainage needs to be performed almost daily, which is a heavy burden whether the patient oneself performs the massage or a nurse or the like massages the patient.
To lighten the load of carrying out manual lymphatic drainage, it is becoming common practice to perform lymphatic drainage using a pneumatic massage apparatus as an auxiliary of manual lymphatic drainage. A pneumatic massage apparatus used for this purpose has a plurality of air chambers disposed in series in a proximal direction from a distal position of an arm or a leg of a patient's body toward the center of the patient's body. Each air chamber is inflated with compressed air supplied thereinto to compress the patient's arm or leg by pneumatic pressure, thereby performing massage. Basically, a body fluid such as lymph fluid needs to be urged from the distal part of a patient's arm or leg toward the center of the patient's body. Therefore, usually, the air chambers are pressurized sequentially from a distal end air chamber located at the periphery side toward successively proximal air chambers to promote the flow of body fluid by the action of compressing the patient's arm or leg during pressurization (see Non-Patent Document 1).
Catalog “Physical Medomer PM-8000”, Nitto Kohki Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, JP)
The above-described conventional pneumatic massage apparatus offers certain advantageous effects as an auxiliary of manual lymphatic drainage. It is, however, desirable to be able to promote the flow of body fluid even more efficiently. The present invention has been made in view of these circumstances, and provides a pneumatic massage apparatus making it possible to perform even more efficient drainage.
That is, the present invention provides a pneumatic massage apparatus including a massage device to be fitted to wrap around at least one of an arm or leg of a patient and having a plurality of air chambers disposed in series in a proximal direction from a distal position of the at least one of an arm and a leg toward the center of the patient's body when the massage device is fitted around the at least one of an arm and a leg, and a compressed air control unit configured to supply compressed air into the plurality of air chambers to pressurize them, and discharge compressed air from the plurality air chambers to depressurize them. The compressed air control unit is configured to depressurize the pressurized air chambers in such a manner that, of any pair of mutually adjacent air chambers, a proximal air chamber of the pair first starts to be depressurized, and then a distal air chamber of the pair starts to be depressurized.
In the pneumatic massage apparatus of the present invention, when the pressurized air chambers are to be depressurized, a proximal (closer to the center of the patient's body) air chamber of any pair of mutually adjacent air chambers first starts to be depressurized. Therefore, at the time when the depressurization of the proximal air chamber is started, the distal (closer to the periphery of the patient's body) air chamber is still in a pressurized state. Consequently, a pressure difference is produced between a patient's body part having been compressed by the proximal air chamber until depressurization thereof and another patient's body part being compressed by the distal air chamber still being pressurized. As a result, the body fluid flows in the proximal direction from the distal body part toward the proximal body part. In this way, it is possible to urge the body fluid to flow in the proximal direction not only during pressurization but also during depressurization and hence possible to perform even more efficient drainage. As has been stated above, with the conventional pneumatic massage apparatus, the air chambers are pressurized sequentially from a distal end air chamber located at the periphery side toward successively proximal air chambers to promote the flow of body fluid mainly by the action of compressing the patient's arm or leg during pressurization. Further, in the conventional pneumatic massage apparatus, the air chambers are sequentially depressurized from the distal air chamber pressurized first, or alternatively, all the air chambers are simultaneously depressurized. Thus, the depressurization of the massage chambers is performed solely to repeatedly promote the flow of body fluid by pressurization. The pneumatic massage apparatus according to the present invention is, as has been stated above, configured to urge the body fluid to flow toward the center of the patient's body also by the depressurization of the air chambers.
Preferably, the compressed air control unit may be configured to start depressurizing at least one of the pressurized air chambers except a distal end air chamber disposed at the distal-most position of the pressurized air chambers before depressurization of the distal end air chamber.
Specifically, the compressed air control unit may be configured such that, when the pressurized air chambers are numbered sequentially in the proximal direction so that the distal end air chamber is given number one, the even-numbered air chambers first start to be depressurized in descending order of the given numbers, and then the odd-numbered air chambers start to be depressurized in descending order of the given numbers.
Alternatively, the compressed air control unit may be configured such that, when the pressurized air chambers are numbered sequentially in the proximal direction so that the distal end air chamber is given number one, the odd-numbered air chambers first start to be depressurized in descending order of the given numbers, and then the even-numbered air chambers start to be depressurized in descending order of the given numbers.
Alternatively, the compressed air control unit may be configured such that, when the pressurized air chambers are numbered sequentially in the proximal direction so that the distal end air chamber is given number one, the air chambers start to be depressurized in descending order of the given numbers.
The results of exhaustive studies conducted by the present inventors have proved that particularly efficient drainage can be performed by the above-described depressurization patterns.
Specifically, the compressed air control unit may be configured such that, when the air chambers are numbered sequentially in the proximal direction so that the distal end air chamber is given number one, the air chambers start to be pressurized in ascending order of the given numbers.
The compressed air control unit may be configured to start pressurizing the plurality of air chambers simultaneously.
Preferably, the plurality of air chambers may be disposed so that the mutually adjacent air chambers overlap each other.
Because the mutually adjacent air chambers are disposed to overlap each other, the area of the patient's body that is not to be pressurized by the air chambers reduces, and pressure can be applied all over the arm or leg. It is therefore possible to perform even more efficient drainage.
Preferably, the compressed air control unit may further be configured to maintain a pressurized state of each air chamber for a predetermined period of time after completion of pressurization of the air chamber by the compressed air control unit.
An embodiment of a pneumatic massage apparatus according to the present invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The present invention further provides a method for massaging at least one of an arm and a leg of a patient. The method includes a step of providing a massage device to be fitted to wrap around at least one of an arm and a leg of a patient and having a plurality of air chambers disposed in series in a proximal direction from a distal position of the at least one of the at least one of an arm and a leg toward a center of a body of the patient when the massage device is fitted around the at least one of an arm and a leg; and a compressed air control unit configured to supply compressed air into the plurality of air chambers to pressurize them, and discharge compressed air from the plurality air chambers to depressurize them. The method further includes steps of wrapping the massage device around the at least one of an arm and a leg; pressurizing the air chambers with the compressed air control unit; and depressurizing the pressurized air chambers with the compressed air control unit in such a manner that, of any pair of mutually adjacent ones of the air chambers, a proximal air chamber of the pair first starts to be depressurized, and then a distal air chamber of the pair starts to be depressurized.
As shown in
The operating sequence of the electromagnetic valves, i.e. the order in which the air chambers 5a-5f are pressurized and depressurized, can be set as desired with the control circuit. In the pneumatic massage apparatus 1, the electromagnetic valves are turned ON in a sequence set by a pressurization program of the control circuit, and after completion of pressurization of all the air chambers, each air chamber is allowed to maintain the pressurized state for a predetermined period of time (5 seconds) by a pressurized state maintaining program. Thereafter, the electromagnetic valves are turned OFF in a sequence set by a depressurization program, and thus all the air chambers 5a-5f are depressurized. After completion of depressurization of all the air chambers 5a-5f, the pressurization program starts again. In this way, pressurization and depressurization are performed in sequences similar to the above. This cycle is repeated thereafter.
Typical pressurization patterns used in the pneumatic massage apparatus 1 include a first pressurization pattern in which all the electromagnetic valves are simultaneously turned ON to pressurize all the air chambers 5a-5f simultaneously, and a second pressurization pattern in which the first to sixth electromagnetic valves are sequentially turned ON to start pressurizing the air chambers sequentially in the proximal direction from the first air chamber, which is the distal-most air chamber, to the sixth air chamber, which is the proximal-most air chamber. However, pressurization patterns usable in the present invention are not limited to those described above. The first to sixth electromagnetic valves may be driven to pressurize the air chambers 5a-5f in any sequence.
Depressurization patterns used in the pneumatic massage apparatus 1 are, basically, such that, of any pair of mutually adjacent air chambers, a proximal air chamber of the pair first starts to be depressurized, and then a distal air chamber of the pair starts to be depressurized. By performing depressurization in this way, a pressure gradient is produced between a patient's body part having been compressed by the proximal air chamber until depressurization thereof and another patient's body part being compressed by the distal air chamber. Consequently, it is possible to urge the body fluid to flow from the body part being compressed by the distal air chamber toward the body part having been compressed by the proximal air chamber until depressurization thereof. Typical depressurization patterns used in the pneumatic massage apparatus 1 include first, second and third depressurization patterns. In the first depressurization pattern, the sixth air chamber 5f first starts to be depressurized, and thereafter, the fourth air chamber 5d, the second air chamber 5b, the fifth air chamber 5e, the third air chamber 5c, and the first air chamber 5a start to be depressurized in the order mentioned. In the second depressurization pattern, the fifth air chamber 5e first starts to be depressurized, and thereafter, the third air chamber 5c, the first air chamber 5a, the sixth air chamber 5f, the fourth air chamber 5d, and the second air chamber 5b start to be depressurized in the order mentioned. In the third depressurization pattern, the air chambers start to be depressurized sequentially in the order in which the air chambers are arranged in the distal direction, i.e. from the sixth air chamber 5f to the first air chamber 5a. It should, however, be noted that depressurization patterns usable in the present invention are not limited to the above-described three depressurization patterns, and that the present invention may use any depressurization pattern in which depressurization of each of the air chambers 5a-5f is performed so that the pressure applied to the patient's body decreases from the distal side toward the proximal side.
To verify the effects of the pneumatic massage apparatus 1 as used for lymphatic drainage, we observed the flow of lymph fluid during massage performed using the pneumatic massage apparatus 1 by ICG (Indo-Cyanine Green) fluorescence imaging. The ICG fluorescence imaging is a technique in which ICG that emits infrared fluorescence having a wavelength of 830 nm when excited with infrared light of 760 nm in wavelength is intracutaneously injected into a patient's body, and fluorescence that the ICG emits when irradiated with infrared excitation light from the outside of the patient's body is observed with an infrared observation camera, thereby observing the ICG flowing with the lymph fluid to inspect the flow of lymph fluid and to identify the position of lymphatic vessels. Infrared light, which has a long wavelength, can penetrate biological tissues relatively easily. Therefore, the ICG fluorescence technique can observe the flow of lymph fluid deep under the skin. In this experiment, a transparent massage device 2 having six air chambers 5a-5f was fitted around a subject's leg as shown in
The first experiment was carried out to verify the effects of the conventional pneumatic massage apparatus. In the first experiment, as shown in
The second experiment was carried out to verify the effects of the pneumatic massage apparatus 1 according to the present invention. In the second experiment, the above-described first pressurization pattern and first depressurization pattern were combined, as shown in
According to the present invention, the order in which the air chambers 5a-5f are depressurized, in particular, is appropriately set to form inside the patient's body such a pressure gradient that the pressure decreases in the proximal direction from the periphery toward the center of the patient's body, thereby urging the lymph fluid to flow not only during pressurization but also during depressurization. Although the first to third depressurization patterns have been shown above specifically as examples of a depressurization pattern for forming the above-described pressure gradient, other depressurization patterns may also be used to realize the present invention. Examples of other usable depressurization patterns will be shown below, together with the above-described first to third depressurization patterns. It should, however, be noted that depressurization patterns usable in the present invention are not limited to those shown below.
In Table 1, each arrow means that, after an air chamber designated by the number on the left side of the arrow has started to be depressurized, an air chamber designated by the number on the right side of the arrow starts to be depressurized. Air chambers designated by the numbers in each set of parentheses simultaneously start to be depressurized. It should be noted that the timing of starting depressurization may be either of the following: a next air chamber may start to be depressurized after completion of depressurization of the preceding air chamber; a next air chamber may start to be depressurized in the middle of depressurization of the preceding air chamber.
Although all the air chambers 5a-5f of the massage device 2 are used in the above-described pressurization-depressurization patterns, only necessary air chambers may be used according to each particular situation. For example, when the patient has edema only in the calf portion and drainage of his or her thigh is unnecessary, only the first to fourth air chambers 5a-5d may be used. Further, the pressurizing force may be changed appropriately in accordance with the severity of edema. It is also possible to set a different pressure value for each of the air chambers 5a-5f. These conditions can be changed appropriately in accordance with the condition of the patient.
Although in the foregoing embodiment each massage device 2 is provided with six air chambers 5a-5f, the number and size of air chambers may be changed appropriately. Lymph flow in vivo is a stream of lymph fluid flowing in small amounts through thin lymphatic vessels having valve structures; therefore, lymph fluid cannot be allowed to flow over a long distance at a time. Accordingly, it is an effective way to depressurize an air chamber closer to the center of the patient's body by a distance of from several centimeters to 20 centimeters at the most from a patient's body portion from which the lymph fluid is desired to be drained. For this reason, when the pneumatic massage apparatus of the present invention is used for treatment of lymphedema, the number of air chambers may be increased to 8 or 12, with the size of each air chamber being reduced. With this structure, lymphatic drainage may be able to be performed even more efficiently. Alternatively, the massage device 2 may have a reduced number of air chambers, i.e. four air chambers, to form a compact massage device for performing local drainage. Although in the foregoing embodiment the massage device 2 is for massaging a leg, the massage device 2 may also be constructed to massage an arm by modifying the configuration.
