Patent Application
20080114108
U.S. Pat. No. 5,395,891 discloses rubber mixtures containing a polybutadiene gel. The rubber mixtures are disclosed for use in the tread of a pneumatic tire.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,127,488 discloses rubber mixtures prepared from at least one styrene butadiene rubber gel, and at least one rubber which contains double bonds.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,639 discloses rubber compositions containing a starch/plasticizer composite. The rubber composition is disclosed for used in the tread or other components of a pneumatic tire.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,184,296 discloses rubber mixtures containing rubber gel modified with compounds containing sulfur and reaction toward carbon-carbon double bonds, and at least one rubber containing double bonds.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,242,534; 6,207,757; 6,372,857; 6,133,364 disclose rubber mixtures containing at least one rubber component, and at least one rubber gel as a filler.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,430,084 discloses a rubber composition and tire comprising from about 10 to 25 weight percent of a preblended silica and polyoctenamer.
The present invention is directed to a pneumatic tire having a rubber component comprised of
(A) 100 parts by weight (phr) of a rubber containing olefinic unsaturation;
(B) from 50 to 100 phr of silica;
(C) from 1 to 40 phr of a polyoctenamer; and
(D) from 1 to 30 phr of a rubber gel selected from the group consisting of polybutadiene gel, styrene butadiene gel, acrylonitrile-butadiene gel, chloroprene gel, natural rubber gel, and mixtures thereof.
There is disclosed a pneumatic tire having a rubber component comprised of
(A) 100 parts by weight (phr) of a rubber containing olefinic unsaturation;
(B) from 50 to 100 phr of silica; and
(C) from 1 to 40 phr of a polyoctenamer; and
(D) from 1 to 30 phr of a rubber gel selected from the group consisting of polybutadiene gel, styrene butadiene gel, acrylonitrile-butadiene gel, chloroprene gel, natural rubber gel, and mixtures thereof.
One component of the rubber composition is a polyoctenamer. Suitable polyoctenamer may include cyclic or linear macromolecules based on cyclooctene, or a mixture of such cyclic and linear macromolecules. Suitable polyoctenamer is commercially available as Vestenamer 8012 or V6213 from Degussa AG High Performance Polymers. Vestenamer is a polyoctenamer produced in a methathesis reaction of cyclooctene. In one embodiment, the octenamer may have a weight averaged molecular weight of about 90,000 to about 110,000; a glass transition temperature of from about −65° C. to about −75° C.; a crystalline content of from about 10 to about 30 percent by weight; a melting point of from about 36° C. to about 54° C.; a thermal decomposition temperature of from about 250° C. to about 275° C.; a cis/trans ratio of double bonds of from about 20:80 to about 40:60; and Mooney viscosity ML 1+4 of less than 10.
In one embodiment, polyoctenamer is added in an amount ranging from about 1 to about 40 percent by weight of the total rubber or elastomer used in the rubber composition, or about 1 to about 40 phr (parts per hundred rubber). For example, 1 to 40 phr polyoctenamer may be used along with 60 to 99 phr of at least one other elastomer, to make up 100 parts of rubber or elastomer. Alternatively, from about 5 phr to about 30 phr polyoctenamer is added to the rubber composition.
In one embodiment, the rubber composition comprises a rubber gel. The term “rubber gel” is used herein to describe polybutadiene gel, styrene butadiene gel, acrylonitrile-butadiene gel, chloroprene gel and natural rubber gel. The preferred gels are polybutadiene gel and styrene butadiene gel. Suitable gels are described in and may be produced by methods as are taught in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,395,891; 6,127,488; 6,184,296; 6,242,534; 6,207,757; 6,372,857; and 6,133,364.
Representative styrene butadiene gels which may be used for use in the present invention are described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,127,488 which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
The rubber gels also include such polymeric copolymers grafted with polar unsaturated monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methoxymethyl methacrylic acid amide, N-methoxymethyl methacrylic acid amide, N-acetoxymethyl methacrylic acid amide, acrylonitrile, dimethyl acrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, hydroxybutyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate and mixtures thereof. The grafted rubber gel may have from 1 to 20 weight percent of its makeup derived from the polar monomers.
The rubber gels have particle diameters of from 20 to 1000, preferably 30 to 400 nm (DVN value to DIN 53 206) and swelling indices (Qi) in toluene of from 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10. The swelling index is calculated from the weight of the gel when it contains solvent (following centrifuging at 20,000 rpm) and its weight when dry:
Q
i=wet weight of gel/dry weight of gel
As an example of determining the swelling index, 250 mg of SBR gel is swelled in 25 ml toluene for 24 hours, with shaking. The gel is centrifuged off and weighed, and is then dried at 70° C. until the weight is constant, and is reweighed.
The stryene butadiene rubber starting products are preferably prepared by emulsion polymerization. In this connection see, for example, I. Franta, Elastomers and Rubber Compounding Materials, Elsevier, Amsterdam 1989, Pages 88 to 92.
The styrene butadiene rubber gels are intended to include microgels which are prepared by cross-linking styrene butadiene copolymer which contain from 1 to 80 percent by weight styrene and 99 to 20 percent by weight butadiene. Preferably from 5 to 50 weight percent of the SBR is derived from styrene and the balance being derived from butadiene.
The cross-linking of the rubber starting products to form styrene butadiene rubber gels takes place in the latex state. This may be during polymerization, as a result of continuing the polymerization to high conversions, or in the monomer feeding process as a result of polymerization at high internal conversions, or as a result of post-cross-linking after polymerization, or both processes may be combined. The rubber starting products may also be prepared by polymerization in the absence of regulators.
The styrene butadiene rubber and polybutadiene rubber may also be cross-linked by copolymerization with multifunctional compounds having a cross-linking action. Preferred multifunctional comonomers are compounds having at least two, preferably 2 to 4, copolymerizable C═C double bonds, such as diisopropenylbenzene, divinylbenzene, divinylether, divinylsulphone, diallyl phthalate, triallyl cyanurate, triallyl isocyanurate, 1,2-polybutadiene, N,N′-m-phenylene maleic imide and/or triallyl trimelletate. The following are furthermore considered: acrylates and methacrylates of polyvalent, preferably divalent to tetravalent, C2-C10 alcohols, such as ethylene glycol, propanediol-1,2, butanediol, hexanediol, polyethylene glycol, having 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 8 oxyethylene units, neopentyl glycol, bisphenol A, glycerol, trimethylol propane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol and unsaturated polyesters prepared from aliphatic diols and polyols and maleic acid, fumaric acid and/or itaconic acid.
The styrene butadiene rubbers, as well as the natural rubber, polybutadiene rubber, NBR and chloroprene rubber, may also be cross-linked in the latex form to form rubbers gels, as a result of post-cross-linking them with chemicals having a cross-linking action. Suitable chemicals having a cross-linking action are, for example, organic peroxides, for example, dicumyl peroxide, t-butylcumyl peroxide, bis-(t-butyl-peroxyisopropyl)benzene, di-t-butyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis-(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl)peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate, and organic azo compounds such as azo-bis-isobutyronitrile and azo-bis-cyclohexanenitrile, and dimercapto and polymercapto compounds such as dimercaptoethane, 1,6-dimercaptohexane, 1,3,5-trimercaptotriazine and mercapto-terminating polysulphide rubbers such as mercapto-terminating reaction products of bis-chloroethyl formal with sodium polysulphide. The optimal temperature for the post-cross-linking operation is naturally dependent on the reactivity of the cross-linking agent and may be from room temperature up to approximately 170° C., optionally at elevated pressure. See in this context Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemic [Methods in Organic Chemistry], 4th Edition, Volume 14/2, Page 848. Peroxides are particularly preferred cross-linking agents.
It is also optionally possible to enlarge the particles by agglomeration before, during, or after the post-cross-linking in latex form.
Styrene butadiene rubbers, as well as the other rubbers which have been prepared in organic solvents, may also serve as starting products for the preparation of the respective rubber gels. In this case, it is advisable to emulsify the rubber solution in water, optionally with the aid of an emulsifying agent, and to follow this, either before or after removing the organic solvent, with cross-linking of the emulsion thus obtained using suitable cross-linking agents. The cross-linking agents previously named are suitable cross-linking agents.
The polybutadiene gel may be produced by emulsion polymerization (see, for example, M. Morton, P. P. Salatiello, H. Landfield, J. Polymer Science 8,2 (1952), Pages 215 through 224; P. A. Weerts, J. L. M. van der Loos, A. L. German, Makromol. Chem. 190 (1989), Pages 777 through 788). These references are incorporated by reference in their entirety.
The size of the latex particles (DVN value according to DIN 53 2016) is preferably 30 to 500 nm.
Production by polymerization in the absence of regulators is also possible.
The rubber component contains a rubber containing olefinic unsaturation. The phrase “rubber or elastomer containing olefinic unsaturation” is intended to include both natural rubber and its various raw and reclaim forms as well as various synthetic rubbers. In the description of this invention, the terms “rubber” and “elastomer” may be used interchangeably, unless otherwise prescribed. The terms “rubber composition”, “compounded rubber” and “rubber compound” are used interchangeably to refer to rubber which has been blended or mixed with various ingredients and materials and such terms are well known to those having skill in the rubber mixing or rubber compounding art. Representative synthetic polymers are the homopolymerization products of butadiene and its homologues and derivatives, for example, methylbutadiene, dimethylbutadiene and pentadiene as well as copolymers such as those formed from butadiene or its homologues or derivatives with other unsaturated monomers. Among the latter are acetylenes, for example, vinyl acetylene; olefins, for example, isobutylene, which copolymerizes with isoprene to form butyl rubber; vinyl compounds, for example, acrylic acid, acrylonitrile (which polymerize with butadiene to form NBR), methacrylic acid and styrene, the latter compound polymerizing with butadiene to form SBR, as well as vinyl esters and various unsaturated aldehydes, ketones and ethers, e.g., acrolein, methyl isopropenyl ketone and vinylmethyl ether. Specific examples of synthetic rubbers include neoprene (polychloroprene), polybutadiene (including cis 1,4-polybutadiene), polyisoprene (including cis 1,4-polyisoprene), butyl rubber, halobutyl rubber such as chlorobutyl rubber or bromobutyl rubber, styrene/isoprene/butadiene rubber, copolymers of 1,3-butadiene or isoprene with monomers such as styrene, acrylonitrile and methyl methacrylate, as well as ethylene/propylene terpolymers, also known as ethylene/propylene/diene monomer (EPDM), and in particular, ethylene/propylene/dicyclopentadiene terpolymers. Additional examples of rubbers which may be used include a carboxylated rubber, silicon-coupled and tin-coupled star-branched polymers. The preferred rubber or elastomers are polybutadiene and SBR.
In one aspect, the rubber may be a blend of at least two diene based rubbers. For example, a blend of two or more rubbers is preferred such as cis 1,4-polyisoprene rubber (natural or synthetic, although natural is preferred), 3,4-polyisoprene rubber, styrene/isoprene/butadiene rubber, emulsion and solution polymerization derived styrene butadiene rubbers, cis 1,4-polybutadiene rubbers and emulsion polymerization prepared butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymers.
In one aspect of this invention, an emulsion polymerization derived styrene butadiene (E-SBR) might be used having a relatively conventional styrene content of about 20 to about 28 percent bound styrene or, for some applications, an E-SBR having a medium to relatively high bound styrene content, namely, a bound styrene content of about 30 to about 45 percent.
When used in the tire tread, the relatively high styrene content of about 30 to about 45 for the E-SBR can be considered beneficial for a purpose of enhancing traction, or skid resistance. The presence of the E-SBR itself is considered beneficial for a purpose of enhancing processability of the uncured elastomer composition mixture, especially in comparison to a utilization of a solution polymerization prepared SBR (S-SBR).
By emulsion polymerization prepared E-SBR, it is meant that styrene and 1,3-butadiene are copolymerized as an aqueous emulsion. Such are well known to those skilled in such art. The bound styrene content can vary, for example, from about 5 to about 50 percent. In one aspect, the E-SBR may also contain acrylonitrile to form a terpolymer rubber, as E-SBAR, in amounts, for example, of about 2 to about 30 weight percent bound acrylonitrile in the terpolymer.
Emulsion polymerization prepared styrene/butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer rubbers containing about 2 to about 40 weight percent bound acrylonitrile in the copolymer are also contemplated as diene based rubbers for use in this invention.
The solution polymerization prepared SBR (S-SBR) typically has a bound styrene content in a range of about 5 to about 50, preferably about 9 to about 36, percent. The S-SBR can be conveniently prepared, for example, by organo lithium catalyzation in the presence of an organic hydrocarbon solvent.
A purpose of using S-SBR is for improved tire rolling resistance as a result of lower hysteresis when it is used in a tire tread composition.
The 3,4-polyisoprene rubber (3,4-PI) is considered beneficial for a purpose of enhancing the tire's traction when it is used in a tire tread composition. The 3,4-PI and use thereof is more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,087,668 which is incorporated herein by reference.
The cis 1,4-polybutadiene rubber (BR) is considered to be beneficial for a purpose of enhancing the tire tread's wear, or treadwear. Such BR can be prepared, for example, by organic solution polymerization of 1,3-butadiene. The BR may be conveniently characterized, for example, by having at least a 90 percent cis 1,4-content.
The term “phr” as used herein, and according to conventional practice, refers to “parts by weight of a respective material per 100 parts by weight of rubber, or elastomer.”
In addition to the polyoctenamer and rubber containing olefinic unsaturation in the rubber component of the tire, silica is present. The amount of silica may range from 50 to 120 phr. Preferably, the silica is present in an amount ranging from 60 to 100 phr. Alternatively, the silica is present is an amount ranging from about 70 to about 90 phr.
The commonly-employed siliceous pigments which may be used in the rubber compound include conventional pyrogenic and precipitated siliceous pigments (silica), although precipitated silicas are preferred. The conventional siliceous pigments preferably employed in this invention are precipitated silicas such as, for example, those obtained by the acidification of a soluble silicate, e.g., sodium silicate.
Such conventional silicas might be characterized, for example, by having a BET surface area, as measured using nitrogen gas, preferably in the range of about 40 to about 600, and more usually in a range of about 50 to about 300 square meters per gram. The BET method of measuring surface area is described in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, Volume 60, Page 304 (1930).
The conventional silica may also be typically characterized by having a dibutylphthalate (DBP) absorption value in a range of about 100 to about 400, and more usually about 150 to about 300.
The conventional silica might be expected to have an average ultimate particle size, for example, in the range of 0.01 to 0.05 micron as determined by the electron microscope, although the silica particles may be even smaller, or possibly larger, in size.
Various commercially available silicas may be used, such as, only for example herein, and without limitation, silicas commercially available from PPG Industries under the Hi-Sil trademark with designations 210, 243, etc; silicas available from Rhone-Poulenc, with, for example, designations of Z1165 MP and Z165GR and silicas available from Degussa AG with, for example, designations VN2 and VN3, etc.
Commonly employed carbon blacks can be used as a conventional filler in an amount ranging from 0 to 50 phr. Representative examples of such carbon blacks include N110, N115, N121, N134, N220, N231, N234, N242, N293, N299, S315, N326, N330, M332, N339, N343, N347, N351, N358, N375, N539, N550, N582, N630, N642, N650, N660, N683, N754, N762, N765, N774, N787, N907, N908, N990 and N991. These carbon blacks have iodine absorptions ranging from 9 to 170 g/kg and DBP No. ranging from 34 to 150 cm3/100 g.
It may be preferred to have the rubber composition for use in the tire component to additionally contain a conventional sulfur containing organosilicon compound. Examples of suitable sulfur containing organosilicon compounds are of the formula:
Z-Alk-Sn-Alk-Z
in which Z is selected from the group consisting of
where R5 is an alkyl group of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, cyclohexyl or phenyl; R6 is alkoxy of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or cycloalkoxy of 5 to 8 carbon atoms; Alk is a divalent hydrocarbon of 1 to 18 carbon atoms and n is an integer of 2 to 8.
Specific examples of sulfur containing organosilicon compounds which may be used in accordance with the present invention include: 3,3′-bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, 3,3′-bis (triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, 3,3′-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 3,3′-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)octasulfide, 3,3′-bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 2,2′-bis(triethoxysilylethyl)tetrasulfide, 3,3′-bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)trisulfide, 3,3′-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)trisulfide, 3,3′-bis(tributoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, 3,3′-bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)hexasulfide, 3,3′-bis(trimethoxysilylpropyl)octasulfide, 3,3′-bis(trioctoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 3,3′-bis(trihexoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, 3,3-bis(tri-2″-ethylhexoxysilylpropyl)trisulfide, 3,3′-bis(triisooctoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 3,3′-bis(tri-t-butoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, 2,2′-bis(methoxy diethoxy silyl ethyl)tetrasulfide, 2,2′-bis(tripropoxysilylethyl)pentasulfide, 3,3′-bis(tricyclonexoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 3,3′-bis(tricyclopentoxysilylpropyl)trisulfide, 2,2′-bis(tri-2″-methylcyclohexoxysilylethyl)tetrasulfide, bis(trimethoxysilylmethyl)tetrasulfide, 3-methoxy ethoxy propoxysilyl 3′-diethoxybutoxy-silylpropyltetrasulfide, 2,2′-bis(dimethyl methoxysilylethyl)disulfide, 2,2′-bis(dimethyl sec.butoxysilylethyl)trisulfide, 3,3′-bis(methyl butylethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 3,3′-bis(di t-butylmethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 2,2′-bis(phenyl methyl methoxysilylethyl)trisulfide, 3,3′-bis(diphenyl isopropoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 3,3′-bis(diphenyl cyclohexoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, 3,3′-bis(dimethyl ethylmercaptosilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 2,2′-bis(methyl dimethoxysilylethyl)trisulfide, 2,2′-bis(methyl ethoxypropoxysilylethyl)tetrasulfide, 3,3′-bis(diethyl methoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 3,3′-bis(ethyl di-sec. butoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, 3,3′-bis(propyl diethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide, 3,3′-bis(butyl dimethoxysilylpropyl)trisulfide, 3,3′-bis(phenyl dimethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 3-phenyl ethoxybutoxysilyl 3′-trimethoxysilylpropyl tetrasulfide, 4,4′-bis(trimethoxysilylbutyl)tetrasulfide, 6,6′-bis(triethoxysilylhexyl)tetrasulfide, 12,12′-bis(triisopropoxysilyl dodecyl)disulfide, 18,18′-bis(trimethoxysilyloctadecyl)tetrasulfide, 18,18′-bis(tripropoxysilyloctadecenyl)tetrasulfide, 4,4′-bis(trimethoxysilyl-buten-2-yl)tetrasulfide, 4,4′-bis(trimethoxysilylcyclohexylene)tetrasulfide, 5,5′-bis(dimethoxymethylsilylpentyl)trisulfide, 3,3′-bis(trimethoxysilyl-2-methylpropyl)tetrasulfide, 3,3′-bis(dimethoxyphenylsilyl-2-methylpropyl)disulfide.
The preferred sulfur containing organosilicon compounds are the 3,3′-bis(trimethoxy or triethoxy silylpropyl)sulfides. The most preferred compounds are 3,3′-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)disulfide and 3,3′-bis(triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfide. Therefore as to the above formula, preferably Z is
where R6 is an alkoxy of 2 to 4 carbon atoms, with 2 carbon atoms being particularly preferred; alk is a divalent hydrocarbon of 2 to 4 carbon atoms with 3 carbon atoms being particularly preferred; and n is an integer of from 2 to 5 with 2 and 4 being particularly preferred.
The amount of the sulfur containing organosilicon compound of the above formula in a rubber composition will vary depending on the level of other additives that are used. Generally speaking, the amount of the compound of the above formula will range from 0.5 to 20 phr. Preferably, the amount will range from 1 to 10 phr.
It is readily understood by those having skill in the art that the rubber composition would be compounded by methods generally known in the rubber compounding art, such as mixing the various sulfur-vulcanizable constituent rubbers with various commonly used additive materials such as, for example, sulfur donors, curing aids, such as activators and retarders and processing additives, such as oils, resins including tackifying resins and plasticizers, fillers, pigments, fatty acid, zinc oxide, waxes, antioxidants and antiozonants and peptizing agents. As known to those skilled in the art, depending on the intended use of the sulfur vulcanizable and sulfur-vulcanized material (rubbers), the additives mentioned above are selected and commonly used in conventional amounts. Representative examples of sulfur donors include elemental sulfur (free sulfur), an amine disulfide, polymeric polysulfide and sulfur olefin adducts. Preferably, the sulfur-vulcanizing agent is elemental sulfur. The sulfur-vulcanizing agent may be used in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 8 phr, with a range of from 1.5 to 6 phr being preferred. Typical amounts of tackifier resins, if used, comprise about 0.5 to about 10 phr, usually about 1 to about 5 phr. Typical amounts of processing aids comprise about 1 to about 50 phr. Such processing aids can include, for example, aromatic, naphthenic, and/or paraffinic processing oils. Typical amounts of antioxidants comprise about 1 to about 5 phr. Representative antioxidants may be, for example, diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and others, such as, for example, those disclosed in The Vanderbilt Rubber Handbook (1978), Pages 344 through 346. Typical amounts of antiozonants comprise about 1 to 5 phr. Typical amounts of fatty acids, if used, which can include stearic acid comprise about 0.5 to about 3 phr. Typical amounts of zinc oxide comprise about 2 to about 5 phr. Typical amounts of waxes comprise about 1 to about 5 phr. Often microcrystalline waxes are used. Typical amounts of peptizers comprise about 0.1 to about 1 phr. Typical peptizers may be, for example, pentachlorothiophenol and dibenzamidodiphenyl disulfide.
Accelerators are used to control the time and/or temperature required for vulcanization and to improve the properties of the vulcanizate. In one embodiment, a single accelerator system may be used, i.e., primary accelerator. The primary accelerator(s) may be used in total amounts ranging from about 0.5 to about 4, preferably about 0.8 to about 1.5, phr. In another embodiment, combinations of a primary and a secondary accelerator might be used with the secondary accelerator being used in smaller amounts, such as from about 0.05 to about 3 phr, in order to activate and to improve the properties of the vulcanizate. Combinations of these accelerators might be expected to produce a synergistic effect on the final properties and are somewhat better than those produced by use of either accelerator alone. In addition, delayed action accelerators may be used which are not affected by normal processing temperatures but produce a satisfactory cure at ordinary vulcanization temperatures. Vulcanization retarders might also be used. Suitable types of accelerators that may be used in the present invention are amines, disulfides, guanidines, thioureas, thiazoles, thiurams, sulfenamides, dithiocarbamates and xanthates. Preferably, the primary accelerator is a sulfenamide. If a second accelerator is used, the secondary accelerator is preferably a guanidine, dithiocarbamate or thiuram compound.
The mixing of the rubber composition can be accomplished by methods known to those having skill in the rubber mixing art. For example the ingredients are typically mixed in at least two stages, namely at least one non-productive stage followed by a productive mix stage. The final curatives including sulfur-vulcanizing agents are typically mixed in the final stage which is conventionally called the “productive” mix stage in which the mixing typically occurs at a temperature, or ultimate temperature, lower than the mix temperature(s) than the preceding non-productive mix stage(s). The rubber and compound is mixed in one or more non-productive mix stages. The terms “non-productive” and “productive” mix stages are well known to those having skill in the rubber mixing art. If the rubber composition contains a sulfur containing organosilicon compound, one may subject the rubber composition to a thermomechanical mixing step. The thermomechanical mixing step generally comprises a mechanical working in a mixer or extruder for a period of time suitable in order to produce a rubber temperature between 140° C. and 190° C. The appropriate duration of the thermomechanical working varies as a function of the operating conditions and the volume and nature of the components. For example, the thermomechanical working may be from 1 to 20 minutes.
The rubber composition may be incorporated in a variety of rubber components of the tire. For example, the rubber component may be a tread (including tread cap and tread base), sidewall, apex, chaffer, sidewall insert, wirecoat, innerliner, and ply coat. Preferably, the compound is a sidewall insert or a tread cap or tread base.
The pneumatic tire of the present invention may be a passenger tire, motorcycle tire, aircraft tire, agricultural, earthmover, off-the-road, truck tire and the like. The term “truck tire” includes light truck, medium truck and heavy truck. Preferably, the tire is a passenger or truck tire. The tire may also be a radial or bias, with a radial being preferred.
Vulcanization of the pneumatic tire of the present invention is generally carried out at conventional temperatures ranging from about 100° C. to 200° C. Preferably, the vulcanization is conducted at temperatures ranging from about 110° C. to 180° C. Any of the usual vulcanization processes may be used such as heating in a press or mold, heating with superheated steam or hot air.
Upon vulcanization of the sulfur-vulcanized composition, the rubber composition of this invention can be used for various purposes. For example, the sulfur-vulcanized rubber composition may be in the form of a tire, belt or hose. In case of a tire, it can be used for various tire components. Such tires can be built, shaped, molded and cured by various methods which are known and will be readily apparent to those having skill in such art. As can be appreciated, the tire may be a passenger tire, aircraft tire, truck tire and the like. Preferably, the tire is a passenger tire. The tire may also be a radial or bias, with a radial tire being preferred.
In this Example, a rubber gel and a polyoctenamer were evaluated in a rubber composition. In addition, some compositions included an SBR gel.
Rubber compositions containing the materials set out in Table 1 was prepared using three separate stages of addition (mixing); namely two non-productive mix stages and one productive mix stage. The non-productive stages were mixed for two minutes at a rubber temperature of 160° C. The drop temperature for the productive mix stage was 115° C.
The rubber compositions are identified as Sample 1 through Sample 4. The Samples were cured at about 160° C. for about 14 minutes. Table 2 illustrates the physical properties of the cured Samples 1 through 4.
1Budene 1207 from The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
2Solution polymerized SBR extended with 37.5 phr aromatic oil
3Organosilicon sulfide type
4Phenylenediamine type
5Vestenamer 8012
6SBR gel, 47% styrene, cured with 1.5 phr of TMPTMA, with an average diameter of 50 nm, Tg of −15° C., gel content 87 wt %, and Qi = 8.1. Surface treatment 7.5% hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA).
7sulfenamide and guanidine type
It can be seen from Table 2 that an advantageous balance of physical properties is obtained in rubber compositions comprising the polyoctenamer and the gel (Samples 3 and 4). In particular, the abrasion resistance for compounds containing the polyoctenamer and the gel were greatly improved compared to the control. The hysteretic properties found with the tan delta RPA2000 is also improved (lower) for the rubbers containing polyoctenamer and gel.
While certain representative embodiments and details have been shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in this art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
