PNEUMATIC TIRE

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-150097 filed on Jul. 29, 2015, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a pneumatic tire.

Related art

In a pneumatic radial tire for a heavy load used for a vehicle such as a truck or a bus, it has been known that a belt layer arranged between a carcass and a tread portion includes a reinforcement belt with cords having a small inclination angle with respect to the tire-circumferential direction (cord angle) of 0 to 5 degrees (see JP 2007-45334 A, JP 2010-126123 A for example). The reinforcement belt is intended to suppress a growth of the tire in the radial direction.

SUMMARY

The small cord angle of the reinforcement belt ranging from approximately 0 to 5 degrees increases a force for holding a shape of the tread portion to reduce distortion at an end portion of the belt, and therefore is advantageous in view of belt durability.

However, the small cord angle of the reinforcement belt ranging from approximately 0 to 5 degrees causes an excessively large binding force in a tire-radial direction, thereby promoting an increased tendency in the deformation of a tire in the tire-width direction. The increased deformation in the tire-width direction increases the deformation of the tire at an area ranging from a bead portion to a portion having a largest width in a tire cross section. As a result, distortion in the bead portion is increased, causing lower resistance against a defect. such as separation in the bead portion (bead durability).

It is an object of the present invention to provide a pneumatic tire where the bead durability is enhanced while ensuring an effect of suppressing a growth of the tire in a radial direction and belt durability.

An aspect of the present invention provides a pneumatic tire comprising a belt layer arranged between a carcass and a tread portion, wherein the belt layer comprises a first main working belt, a second main working belt arranged at an outer side of the first main working belt in a tire-radial direction, the second main working belt having a cord angle different from a cord angle of the first main working belt in a direction with respect to a tire-circumferential direction, and a reinforcement belt, a cord angle of the reinforcement belt is not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees, a width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width and not wider than a width of a narrower one of the first and second main working belts, and a first inclination angle is 20±5 degrees, the first inclination angle being defined as an acute angle formed by a line connecting a maximum width point of the carcass with a bead portion and a line passing the maximum width point and extending in a tire-height direction when the pneumatic tire is mounted an a predetermined rim and an inner pressure is set to a predetermined internal pressure.

In this specification, the term “cord angle” is defined an acute angle which a cord of a belt or a ply forms with respect to a tire-circumferential direction. When the cord extends in the tire-circumferential direction, the cord angle is 0 degrees.

The cord angle of the reinforcement belt is set to a value not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees, instead of setting the cord angle to a small angle such as an angle of not smaller than 0 degrees and not larger than 5 degrees (an angle substantially regarded as 0 degrees or an angle close to such angle). Such configuration can obviate a phenomenon where a binding force in a tire-radial direction generated by the reinforcement belt becomes excessively large, and therefore can suppress the excessively large deformation of the tire in the tire-width direction. As a result, the distortion generated in the bead portion can be suppressed, and therefore bead durability can be enhanced.

first inclination angle is an index indicating a degree of inclination with respect to a rim of a bead portion in an unloaded state (including a portion of a sidewall portion which is adjacent to the bead portion). By setting the first inclination angle to a proper range which is neither excessively large nor excessively small, that is, 20±5 degrees, it is possible to suppress distortion generated in the bead portion in the loaded state.

As described above, by setting the cord angle and the first inclination angle, it is possible to suppress the distortion generated in the bead portion and to enhance bead durability.

The cord angle of the reinforcement belt set to a value not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees reduces an effect of suppressing a growth of the tire in the tire-radial direction compared to the case where the cord angle is set to a value not smaller than 0 degrees and not larger than 5 degrees. However, the cord angle of the reinforcement belt is allowed to take 9 degrees at maximum, and therefore there is no possibility that a binding force in the tire-radial direction is excessively reduced. Further, the width of the reinforcement belt is equal to or wider than 50% of a tire-section width. That is, the reinforcement belt has a sufficiently wide width instead of the narrow width. Due to the above-mentioned reasons, the tire can ensure a desired effect of suppressing a growth of the tire in the radial direction. Further, the tire can acquire a sufficient force for holding a shape of the tread portion so that distortion at an end portion of the belt can be reduced whereby the tire can ensure required belt durability. The width of the reinforcement belt is not wider than either narrower one of the first and second main working belts. Accordingly, the distortion generated in the reinforcement belt can be reduced.

As described above, according to the pneumatic tire of the present invention, bead durability can be enhanced while ensuring an effect of suppressing a growth of the tire in the radial direction and belt durability.

Preferably, a second inclination angle is 15±10 degrees, the second inclination angle being defined as an acute angle formed by a line connecting the maximum width point with a ground contact end portion of the tread portion and a line passing the maximum width point and extending in a tire-radial direction when the pneumatic tire is mounted on the predetermined rim and the inner pressure is set to the predetermined internal pressure.

The second inclination angle is an index indicating a degree of inclination with respect to a tread surface of the tread portion in the vicinity of a shoulder portion in the unloaded state. By setting the second inclination angle to a proper range which is neither excessively large nor excessively small, that is, 15±10 degrees, it is possible to reduce distortion of the belt layer (particularly, an end of each belt) and to enhance belt durability.

Preferably, the reinforcement, belt is arranged between the first main working belt and the second main working belt.

Arranging the reinforcement belt between the first main working belt and the second main working belt can alleviate breakage of the cord in the vicinity of a road contact surface, and therefore cord breakage can be effectively prevented.

The cord angles of the first and second main working belts can be respectively 20±10 degrees. Further, the cord angles of the first and second main working belts can be respectively 17±5 degrees.

The belt layer can further comprise a protection belt arranged at an outer side of the second main working belt in the tire-radial direction.

The belt layer can further comprise a buffer belt arranged at an inner side of the first main working belt in the tire-radial direction.

The pneumatic tire can have an aspect ratio of not larger than 70% and a nominal section width of not smaller than 365.

According to the pneumatic tire of the present invention, bead durability can be enhanced while ensuring the effect of suppressing the growth of the tire in the radial direction and belt durability.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and the other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and drawings of an illustrative embodiment of the invention in which:

FIG. 1 is a meridian sectional view of a pneumatic tire according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a development view of a belt layer;

FIG. 3A is a schematic partial sectional view of a bead portion (inclination angle α is excessively small);

FIG. 3B is a schematic partial sectional view of the bead portion (inclination angle α is excessively large);

FIG. 4 is a schematic partial sectional view of the, pneumatic tire when a load is applied;

FIG. 5A is a schematic partial sectional view of a shoulder portion (inclination angle β is excessively small);

FIG. 5B is a schematic partial sectional view of the shoulder portion (inclination angle β is excessively large);

FIG. 6 is a meridian sectional view of a pneumatic tire according to a modification; and

FIG. 7 is a meridian sectional view of a pneumatic tire according to Comparative Example 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 shows a rubber pneumatic tire (hereinafter referred to as “tire”) 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The tire 1 is a pneumatic radial tire for a heavy load used for a vehicle such as a truck or a bus. Further, the tire 1 is a low-profile tire having an aspect ratio of not larger than 70%. An aspect ratio is defined as a ratio of a maximum tire-section height Ht to a maximum tire-section width Wt. Specifically, a size of the tire 1 in this embodiment is 445/50R22.5 (expressed in accordance with ISO standard).

The tire 1 includes a tread portion 2, a pair of side portions 4, and a pair of bead portions 6. The bead portions 6 are respectively formed on inner edge portions of the side portions 4 in a tire-radial direction (edge portions of the side portions 4 opposite to the tread portion 2). A carcass 8 is arranged between the pair of bead portions 6. An inner liner (not shown in the drawing) is arranged in an innermost peripheral surface of the tire 1. A belt layer 10 is arranged between the carcass 8 and a tread surface of the tread portion 2. In other words, in the tread portion 2, the belt layer 10 is arranged at an outer side of the carcass 8 in the tire-radial direction. As described later in detail, in this embodiment, the belt layer 10 includes five belts 11 to 15.

The bead portion 6 includes a bead core 22, a bead filler 24, and a chafer 26. Around the bead core 22, an end portion of the carcass 8 in a tire-width direction is wound up from an inner side to an outer side in a tire-width direction along the bead filler 24. The chafer 16 is arranged around the bead filler 24 so as to be arranged adjacently to an outer side of the end portion of the carcass 8.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the carcass 8 in this embodiment is formed of one carcass ply, and is formed of a plurality of carcass cords 8a arranged parallel to each other and coated by a rubber layer. Each carcass cord 8a is arranged so as to extend in the tire-radial direction, and has an angle θ0 with respect to a tire-circumferential direction (cord angle) set to 90 degrees. In FIGS. 1 and 2, symbol Ce indicates a center line n the tire-width direction. The direction along which the center line Ce extends is a tire-radial direction. While the carcass cord 8a in this embodiment is made of steel, the carcass cord 8a can be made of organic fibers.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the belt layer 10 in this embodiment includes five belts arranged in an overlapping manner. These belts include a buffer belt 11, a first main working belt 14, a reinforcement belt 13, a second main working belt 14, and a protection belt 15.

The buffer belt 11 is arranged adjacently to an outer side of the carcass 8 in the tire-radial direction. The first main working belt 12 is arranged adjacently to an outer side of the buffer belt 11 in the tire-radial direction. The second main working belt 14 is arranged at an outer side of the first main working belt 12 in the tire-radial direction. The reinforcement belt 13 is arranged between the first main working belt 12 and the second main working belt 14. That is, the reinforcement belt 13 is arranged adjacently to the outer side of the first main working belt 12 in the tire-radial direction, and is also arranged adjacently to an inner side of the second main working belt 14 in the tire-radial direction. The protection belt 15 is arranged adjacently to an outer side of the second main working belt 14 in the tire-radial direction.

Main functions of the first and second main working belts 12 and 14 are to apply a binding force in the tire-radial direction to the carcass 8 (with a cord angle θ0 being set to 90 degrees). A main function of the reinforcement belt 13 is to compensate for the shortage in a binding force in the tire-radial direction which is applied to the tire 1 by the first and second main working belts 12 and 14. A main function of the protection belt 15 is to enhance external damage resistance of the tire 1 by protecting the first and second main working belts 12 and 14. A main function of the buffer belt 11 is to enhance impact resistance of the tire 1.

Each of these belts 11 to 15 is formed of a plurality belt cords 11a, 12a, 13a, 14a, and 15a arranged parallel to each other and coated by a rubber layer.

Referring FIG. 2, inclination angles (cord angles) θ1 to θ5 of the belt cords 11a to 15a of belts 11 to 15 forming the belt layer 10 will be described. In the description hereinafter, regarding the cord angles θ1 to θ5, a direction along which the belt cords 11a to 15a extend rightward and a from the center line Ce in the tire-width direction when an arrow A in FIG. 2 is set as a reference direction can be referred to as “right upward direction”. Similarly, a direction along which the belt cords 11a to 15a extend leftward and away from the center line Ce in the tire-width direction when the allow A in FIG. 2 is set as the reference direction can be referred to as “left upward direction”.

In this embodiment, the cord angle θ2 of the belt cord 12a of the first main working belt 12 is set to 17 degrees (right upward direction). The cord angle θ2 can be set to any value which falls within a range of 20±10 degrees, and can preferably be set to a value which falls within a range of 17±5 degrees.

In this embodiment, the cord angle θ4 of the belt cord 14a of the second main working belt 14 is set to 17 degrees (left upward direction). The cord angle θ4 can be set to a value which falls within a range of 20±10 degrees, and can preferably be set to a value which falls within a range of 17±5 degrees.

The cord angles θ2 and θ4 of the first and second main working belts 12, 14 are set so that the belt cords 12a and 14a extend in different directions with respect to the center line Ce in the tire-width direction. That is, one of the cord angles θ2 and θ4 is set so that the belt cords extend in the right upward direction, and the other of them is set so that the belt cords extend in the left upward direction.

The cord angle θ3 of the belt cord 13a of the reinforcement belt 13 is set to 7 degrees (left upward direction) in this embodiment. The cord angle θ3 can be set to a value which falls within a range of not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees.

The cord angle θ1 of the belt cord 11a of the buffer belt 11 is set to 65 degrees in this embodiment. The cord angle θ1 can be set to a value which falls within a range of 60±15 degrees.

The cord angle θ5 of the belt cord 15a of the protection belt 15 is set to 20 degrees in this embodiment. The cord angle θ5 can be set to a value which falls within a range of 20±10 degrees.

Numerical values (including upper and lower limit values of a numerical value range) of the cord angles θ1 to θ5 can include substantially unavoidable errors, and are not necessarily geometrically precise values as long as that functions required for the belts 11 to 15 are satisfied. This is also applied to the cord angle θ0 of the carcass cords 8a.

The cord angles θ1 to θ5 of the belts 11 to 15 can be coordinated as shown in the following Table 1.

TABLE 1

Embodiment
Settable range of angle

Buffer belt
65 degrees
60 ± 15 degrees

(right upward direction)
(right upward direction)

First main
17 degrees
20 ± 10 degrees (17 ± 5 degrees)

working belt
(right upward direction)
(right upward direction)

Reinforcement
7 degrees
Not smaller than 6 degrees and

belt
(left upward direction)
not larger than 9 degrees

Second main
17 degrees
20 ± 10 degrees (17 ± 5 degrees)

working belt
(left upward direction)
(right upward direction)

Protection belt
20 degrees
20 ± 10 degrees

(right upward direction)
(right upward direction)

Main data except for the cord angles of the belts 11 to 15 in this embodiment are shown in the following Table 2.

TABLE 2

Thickness

of cord

including

Diameter
cover
Number

Raw
of cord
rubber
of ends
Width

material
(mm)
mm)
(EPI)
(mm)

Suffer belt
Steel
1.1
1.7
12
W1 = 345

First main
Steel
1.4
2.6
12
W2 = 370

working belt

Reinforcement
Steel
1.1
1.7
12
W3 = 290

belt

Second main
Steel
1.4
2.6
12
W4 = 325

working belt

Protection belt
Steel
1.1
1.9
9
W5 = 295

As shown in Table 2, in this embodiment, a width W4 (325 mm) of the second main working belt 14 which is arranged relatively outer side in the tire-radial direction is set narrower than a width W2 (370 mm) of the first main working belt 12 which is arranged relatively inner side in the tire-radial direction.

A width W3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is set to a value equal to or wider than 50% of a maximum tire-section width Wt (W3≧0.5 Wt). In this embodiment, the maximum tire-section width Wt is a value set under conditions where the tire 1 is mounted on a predetermined rim (a rim 31 is schematically shown in FIG. 1), the tire 1 is filled with air until an inner pressure reaches a predetermined internal pressure (830 kPa which is an internal pressure determined by the Tire and Rim Association, Inc (TRA)), and the tire 1 is in an unloaded state. The width W3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is set narrower than a width of either one of the first and second main working belts 12 and 14 having a narrower width than the other (W3<W2, W4). In this embodiment, the width W3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is set to 290 mm. Accordingly, the width W3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is equal to or wider than 50% of a maximum tire-section width Wt (440 mm) under the above-mentioned conditions, and is narrower than the width W4 (325 mm) of the second main working belt 14 having a narrower width.

With reference to FIG. 1, symbol P0 indicates a position (maximum width point P0) in which a width in a tire-width direction in an outer peripheral surface of the carcass 8 is maximum in the meridian section of the tire 1 under conditions where the tire 1 is mounted on the predetermined rim, the tire 1 is filled with air until an internal pressure reaches a predetermined internal pressure, and the tire 1 is in an unloaded state. In FIG. 1, symbol Wc indicates a dimension in the tire-width direction of the carcass 8 at the maximum width point P0 (maximum carcass-section width). Under the conditions where the tire 1 is mounted on the predetermined rim, the tire 1 is filled with air until the internal pressure reaches the predetermined internal pressure, and the tire 1 is in the unloaded state, the maximum carcass-section width Wc is 431 mm.

A line L0 shown in FIG. 1 is a line passing the maximum width point P0 of the carcass 8 on the meridian section of the tire 1 and extending in a tire-height direction under the conditions where the tire 1 is mounted on the rim 31, the tire 1 is filled with air until the internal pressure reaches the predetermined internal pressure, and the tire 1 is in the unloaded state.

A line L1 shown in FIG. 1 is a line connecting the maximum width point P0 of the carcass 8 and a bead heel position P1 on the meridian section of the tire 1 under the conditions where the tire 1 is mounted on the predetermined rim, the tire 1 is filled with air until the internal pressure reaches the predetermined internal pressure, and the tire 1 is in the unloaded state. Herein, the bead heel position P1 is defined as an intersection of a nominal rim diameter R of the predetermined rim 31 and a predetermined rim width Wr.

A line L2 shown in FIG. 1 is a line connecting the maximum width point P0 of the carcass 8 and a tread ground contact end portion P2 on the meridian section of the tire 1 under the conditions where the tire 1 is mounted on the predetermined rim, the tire 1 is filled with air until the internal pressure reaches the predetermined internal pressure, and the tire 1 is in the unloaded state. Herein, the tread ground contact end portion P2 is defined as an outermost position in the tire-width direction in the tread surface of the tread portion 2 on the meridian section of the tire 1 when the tire 1 is mounted on the predetermined rim, the tire 1 is filled with air until the internal pressure reaches the predetermined internal pressure, and the tire 1 is in the loaded state.

An inclination angle α shown in FIG. 1 is an acute angle formed by the line L1 and the line L0 on the meridian section of the tire 1 under the conditions where the tire 1 is mounted on the predetermined rim 31, the tire 1 is filled with air until the internal pressure reaches the predetermined internal pressure, and the tire 1 is in the unloaded state. The inclination angle α is an index indicating a degree of inclination with respect to the rim 31 with a region of the bead portion 6 and the side portion 4 on the bead side in the tire-height direction (region of the side portion 4 on a lower side in the tire-height direction from the maximum width point P0 in FIG. 1) in the unloaded state. When the inclination angle α is smaller, the lower regions of the bead portion 6 and the side portion 4 in the unloaded state have more erected postures with respect to the rim 31 (inclination of the bead portion 6 with respect to the rim 31 is small). Moreover, when the inclination angle α is larger, the lower regions of the bead portion 6 and the side portion 4 in the unloaded state have more inclined postures with respect to the rim 31 (inclination of the bead portion 6 with respect to the rim 31 is large). The inclination angle α is set to an angle which is neither excessively large nor excessively small, that is, a range of 20±5 degrees.

An inclination angle β shown in FIG. 1 is an acute angle formed by the line L2 and the line L0 on the meridian section of the tire 1 under the conditions where the tire 1 is mounted on the predetermined rim 31, the tire 1 is filled with air until the internal pressure reaches the predetermined internal pressure, and the tire 1 is in the unloaded state. The inclination angle β is an index indicating a degree of inclination with respect to the tread surface of the tread portion 2 in the vicinity of the shoulder portion 3 (boundary portion between the tread portion 2 and the side portion 4) in the unloaded state. When the inclination angle β is smaller, the shoulder portion 3 has a more erected posture with respect to the tread surface of the tread portion 2. Moreover, when the inclination angle β is larger, the shoulder portion 3 has a more inclined posture with respect to the tread surface of the tread portion 2. The inclination angle β is set to an angle which is neither excessively large nor excessively small, that is, a range of 15±10 degrees.

The cord angle θ3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is is set to an angle of not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees, instead of a small angle of not smaller than 0 degrees to not more than 5 degrees (an angle which can be substantially regarded as 0 degrees or an angle close to 0 degrees). Such configuration can prevent a binding force in a tire-radial direction generated by a reinforcement belt 13 from becoming excessively large, and therefore the excessively large deformation of the tire in the tire-width direction can be suppressed. Since the excessively large deformation of the tire in the tire-width direction can be suppressed, the distortion generated in the bead portion 6 can be suppressed, and therefore bead durability (resistance against the generation of a defect such as separation in the bead portion) can be enhanced.

Similarly, by setting the inclination angle α to the angle which is neither excessively large nor excessively small, that is, 20±5 degrees, it is possible to suppress distortion generated in the bead portion 6. This will be described below.

FIGS. 3A and 3B conceptually show the deformation of the bead portion 6. In these drawings, a solid line indicates a shape of the bead portion 6 in the unloaded state and a broken line indicates the shape of the bead portion 6 in the loaded state.

In FIG. 3A, the inclination angle α is set to be smaller than 15 degrees, that is, smaller than a lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention. In other words, in FIG. 3A, the inclination angle α is set excessively small. For this reason, the bead portion 6 in FIG. 3A has the erected posture with respect to the rim 31. If the bead portion 6 has the erected posture, the bead portion 6A and the side portion 4 in the vicinity thereof are greatly deformed in a transition from the unloaded state to the loaded state, so that a tension acting on the carcass 8 in this part is increased. By the increase in the tension, a rotation moment around the bead core 22 is increased so that a force for suspension from the rim 31 acts on the bead portion 6. As a result, an upper part is deformed into such a shape as to be bulged outward in the tire-width direction in the drawing of the bead portion 6 so that shearing distortion in a wind-up end 8b of the carcass 8 is increased, resulting in a reduction in bead. durability. In FIG. 3A, an arrow F1 conceptually shows a direction of distortion applied to the wind-up end 8b of the carcass 8 (deformation of the bead portion 6).

In FIG. 3B, the inclination angle α is set to an angle larger than 25 degrees, that is, an angle larger than an upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention. In other words, in FIG. 3B, the inclination angle is set excessively large. For this reason, the bead portion 6 in FIG. 3B has a greatly inclined posture with respect to the rim 31. When the inclination of the bead portion 6 is large, a contact length of the bead portion 6 with respect to a flange 31a of the rim 31 is increased so that a base point of the deformation in the loaded state is positioned on a more outer side in the tire-width direction. Therefore, in the loaded state, the bead portion 6 falls greatly outward in the tire-width direction with respect to the rim 31 (conceptually shown by an arrow F2 in FIG. 3B). As a result, distortion at the wind-up end 8b of the carcass 8 in a tire-radial direction (direction of compression toward the flange 31a) is increased and the bead durability is reduced.

In this embodiment, by setting the inclination angle α to 20±5 degrees, it is possible to avoid both an increase in the shearing distortion at the wind-up end 8b of the carcass 8 as in the case where the inclination angle α is excessively small, and an increase in the distortion in the tire-radial direction at the wind-up end 8b of the carcass 8 as in the case where the inclination angle β is excessively large. Thus, by properly setting the inclination angle α, it is possible to reduce the distortion at the wind-up end 8b) of the carcass 8 and to enhance the bead durability.

As described above, by properly setting the cord angle θ3 of the reinforcement belt 13 and the inclination angle α, t is possible to enhance the bead durability (resistance against a defect such as separation in the bead portion).

As conceptually shown in FIG. 3, in a loaded state (a state where the tire 1 is mounted on a vehicle), belt cords 13a of the reinforcement belt 13 are bent in regions (symbols C) of a tread surface of the tread portion 2 in front of and behind a road contact surface 2a in the rotational direction of the tire indicated by an arrow B. The smaller cord angle θ3, the more conspicuous the bending of the belt cords 13a becomes. By setting the cord angle θ3 to a value not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees, compared to a case where the cord angle θ3 is set to a small angle such as an angle not smaller than 0 degrees and not larger than 5 degrees, bending of the belt cord 13a of the reinforcement belt 13 in the vicinity of the road contact surface 2a can be alleviated, and therefore cord breakage can be effectively prevented.

As described above, the width W3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is set narrower than the width W4 of the second main working belt 14 which is narrower one of the first and second main working belts 12, 14. Such configuration can also effectively prevent cord breakage of the belt cord 13a of the reinforcement belt.

As described above, the reinforcement belt 13 is arranged between the first main working belt 12 and the second main working belt 14. Due to such an arrangement, the reinforcement belt 13 is protected by the first and second main working belts 12, 14, and therefore cord breakage of the belt cord 13a of the reinforcement belt 13 caused due to bending of the cord in the vicinity of the road contact surface 2a (symbols C in FIG. 4) can be effectively prevented.

Due to these reasons, cord breakage of the reinforcement belt 13 can be effectively prevented,

Similarly, by setting the inclination angle β to an angle which is neither excessively large nor excessively small, that is, 15±10 degrees, it is possible to enhance belt durability. This will be described below.

FIGS. 5A and 5B conceptually show the deformation of the vicinity of the shoulder portion 3. In these drawings, a solid line indicates a shape of the vicinity of the shoulder portion 3 in the unloaded state and a broken line indicates a shape of the periphery of the shoulder portion 3 in the loaded state.

In FIG. 5A, the inclination angle β is set to be smaller than 5 degrees, that is, smaller than a lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention. In other words, in FIG. 5A, the inclination angle β is set excessively small. For this reason, the vicinity of the shoulder portion 3 in FIG. 5A has the erected posture with respect to the tread surface of the tread portion 2. If the vicinity of the shoulder portion 3 has the erected posture, the vicinity of the shoulder portion 3 is greatly deformed outward in the tire-width direction in the transition from the unloaded state to the loaded state (conceptually shown by an arrow F3 in FIG. 5A). Therefore, distortion in the belt layer 10 (particularly, end portions in the tire-width direction of the belts 11 to 15 constituting the belt layer 10) is increased so that the belt durability is reduced.

In FIG. 5B, the inclination angle β is set to an angle larger than 25 degrees, that is, an angle larger than an upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention, In other words, in FIG. 5B, the inclination angle β is set excessively large. For this reason, the vicinity of the shoulder portion 3 in FIG. 5B has a greatly inclined posture with respect to the tread surface of the tread portion 2. When the inclination of the vicinity of the shoulder portion 3 is large, the vicinity of the shoulder portion 3 is greatly deformed outward in the tire-radial direction in the transition from the unloaded state to the loaded state (conceptually shown by an arrow F4 in FIG. 5A). Therefore, the distortion in the belt layer 10 (particularly, the end portions in the tire-width direction of the belts 11 to 15 constituting the belt layer 10) is increased so that the belt durability is reduced.

In this embodiment, by setting the inclination angle β to 15±10 degrees, it is possible to avoid an increase in the distortion in the belt layer 10 as in the case where the inclination angle β is excessively large or small. Therefore, the belt durability can be enhanced.

By setting the cord angle θ3 of the reinforcement belt 13 to a value not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees, an effect of suppressing a growth of the tire 1 in the radial direction is reduced compared to the case where the cord angle θ3 is set to a value not smaller than 0 degrees and not larger than 5 degrees. However, the cord angle θ3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is 9 degrees at maximum, and therefore there is no possibility that a binding force in the tire-radial direction is excessively reduced. Further, as described above, the width W3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is equal to or wider than 50% of a maximum tire-section width Wt. That is, a width of the reinforcement belt 13 is not narrow but is sufficiently wide. Due to these reasons, the tire 1 can ensure a required effect of suppressing a growth of the tire 1 in the radial direction. Further, the tire can acquire a sufficient force for holding a shape of the tread portion 2 so that distortion at the end portion of the belt can be reduced whereby the tire can ensure required belt durability. The width W3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is narrower than a width of the narrower one of the first and second main working belts 12 and 14 (widths W2, W4). Accordingly, the distortion generated in the reinforcement belt 13 can be reduced.

As described above, according to the tire 1 of the present embodiment, bead durability can be enhanced while an effect of suppressing a growth of the tire 1 in the radial direction and belt durability are also ensured.

FIG. 6 shows a modification of the tire 1 according to the embodiment. In this modification, a belt layer 10 includes four belts, that is, a first main working belt 12, a reinforcement belt 13, a second main working belt 14, and a protection belt 15, but does not include a buffer belt 11. Even in the case where the belt layer 10 does not include the buffer belt 11, bead durability can be enhanced while an effect of suppressing a growth of the tire 1 in the radial direction and belt durability are also ensured.

EXAMPLES

Tires according to Comparative Examples 1 to 8 and tires according to Examples 1 to 11 shown in the following Table 3 were subjected to an evaluation test performed for evaluating belt durability and bead durability. Assume that data which are not described particularly hereinafter are shared in common by the tires according to Comparative Examples 1 to 8 and the tires according to Examples 1 to 1. Particularly, in all of Comparative Examples 1 to 8 and the tires according to Examples 1 to 11, a tire size is set to 445/50R22.5.

TABLE 3

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4

Note
No
Reinforcement
inclination
Inclination

reinforcement
belt extending
angle α
angle α

belt (FIG. 7)
in
excessively
excessively

circumferential
small
large

direction

Cord angle θ3 of
—
0
7
7

reinforcement

belt

Inclination angle
20
20
13
27

α (degrees)

Inclination angle
15
15
15
15

β (degrees)

Bead durability
100
90
105
107

Belt durability
100
130
120
120

Comparative
Comparative
Comparative
Comparative

Example 5
Example 6
Example 7
Example B

Note
Inclination
Inclination
Cord angle θ3
Cord angle θ3

angle β
angle β
excessively
excessively

excessively
excessively
small
large

small
large

Cord angle θ3 of
7
7
5
10

reinforcement

belt

Inclination angle
20
20
20
20

α (degrees)

Inclination angle
3
27
15
15

β (degrees)

Bead durability durability
115
115
100
120

Belt durability
107
105
127
105

TABLE 4

Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4

Note
θ3 being value
Inclination
Inclination
Inclination

close to
angle α being
angle α being
angle β being

center value
lower limit
upper limit
lower limit

α and β being
value
value
value

center values

Cord angle θ3 of
7
7
7
7

reinforcement belt

Inclination angle α
20
15
25
20

(degrees)

Inclination angle β
15
15
15
5

(degrees)

Bead durability
115
110
112
112

Belt durability
120
120
120
120

Example 5
Example 6
Exorable 7
Example 8

Note
Inclination
Cord angle θ3
Cord angle θ3
α and β being

angle β being
being lower
being upper
lower limit

upper limit
limit value
limit value
values

value

Cord angle θ3 of
7
6
9
7

reinforcement belt

Inclination angle α
20
20
20
15

(degrees)

Inclination angle β
25
15
15
5

(degrees)

Bead durability
115
110
120
110

Belt durability
110
123
110
110

Example 9
Example 10
Example 11

Note
α being lower
α being upper
α and β being

limit value
limit value
upper limit

β being upper
β being lower
values

limit value
limit value

Cord angle θ3 of
7
7
7

reinforcement belt

Inclination angle α
15
25
25

(degrees)

Inclination angle β
25
5
25

(degrees)

Bead durability
110
112
112

Belt durability
112
113
110

A belt layer 10 according to Comparative Example 1 shown in FIG. 5 does not include a reinforcement belt 13, but includes a buffer belt 11, a first main working belt 12, a second main working belt 14, and a protection belt 15.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 2, a cord angle θ3 of a reinforcement belt 13 is set to 0 degrees, which is smaller than a lower limit value of a range of a cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 3, the inclination angle α is set to 13 degrees, which is smaller than the lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 4, the inclination angle α is set to 27 degrees, which is larger than the upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 5, the inclination angle β is set to 3 degrees, which is smaller than the lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 6, the inclination angle β is set to 27 degrees, which is larger than the upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 7, the cord angle θ3 of the reinforcement belt 13 set to 5 degrees, which is smaller than the lower limit value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 8, the cord angle θ3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is set to 10 degrees, which is larger than the upper limit value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Example 1, the cord angle θ3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is set to 7 degrees, which is a value close to a center value of the range the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention. Moreover, in Example 1, the inclination angle α is set to 20 degrees, which is a center value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention, and the inclination angle θ is set to 15 degrees, which is a center value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Example 2, the inclination angle α is set to 15 degrees, which is the lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention. Moreover, in Example 2, the cord angle θ3 is set to 7 degrees, which is a value close to the center value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention, and the inclination angle β is set to 15 degrees, which is the center value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Example 3, the inclination angle α is set to 25 degrees, which is the upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention. Moreover, in Example 3, the cord angle θ3 is set to 7 degrees, which is the value close to the center value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention, and the inclination angle β is set to 15 degrees, which is the center value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Example 4, the inclination angle β is set to 5 degrees, which is the lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention. Moreover, in Example 4, the cord angle θ3 is set to 7 degrees, which is the value close to the center value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention, and the inclination angle α is set to 20 degrees, which is the center value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Example 5, the inclination angle β is set to 25 degrees, which is the upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention. Moreover, in Example 5, the cord angle θ3 is set to 7 degrees, which is the value close to the center value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention, and the inclination angle α is set to 20 degrees, which is the center value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Example 6, the cord angle θ3 is set to 6 degrees, which is the lower limit value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention. Moreover, in Example 6, the inclination angle α is set to 20 degrees, which is the center value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention, and the inclination angle β is set to 15 degrees, which is the center value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Example 7, the cord angle θ3 is set to 9 degrees, which is the upper limit value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention. Moreover, in Example 7, the inclination angle α is set to 20 degrees, which is the center value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention, and the inclination angle θ is set to 15 degrees, which is the center value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Example 8, the inclination angle α is set to 15 degrees, which is the lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention, and the inclination angle β is set to 5 degrees, which is the lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention. Moreover, in Example 8, the cord angle θ3 is set to 7 degrees, which is the value close to the center value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Example 9, the inclination angle α is set to 15 degrees, which is the lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention, whereas the inclination angle β is set to 25 degrees, which is the upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention. Moreover, in Example 9, the cord angle θ3 is set to 7 degrees, which is the value close to the center value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Example 10, the inclination angle α is set to 25 degrees, which is the upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention, whereas the inclination angle β is set to 5 degrees, which is the lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention. Moreover, in Example 10, the cord angle θ3 is set to 7 degrees, which is the value close to the center value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention.

In the tire according to Example 11, the inclination angle α is set to 25 degrees, which is the upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention, whereas the inclination angle β is set to 25 degrees, which is the upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention. Moreover, in Example 11, the cord angle θ3 is set to 7 degrees, which is the value close to the center value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention.

In this evaluation test, belt durability and bead durability were evaluated.

In evaluating bead durability, each tire has a tire size of 445/50R22.5, the tire was mounted on a wheel having a rim size of 22.5×14.00 (specified rim), and the tire was filled with air having a pressure of 900 kPa (a value obtained by adding 70 kPa to 830 kPa which is an internal pressure specified by TRA). Each tire mounted on the wheel was mounted on a drum tester, and a traveling test was performed under conditions where a speed is set to 40 km/h and a load is set to 72.5 kN. In such a case, traveling distances of respective tires before the tires were broken are expressed as indexes respectively as shown in Tables 3 and 4.

In evaluating belt durability, each tire has a tire size of 445/50R22.5, the tire is mounted on a wheel having a rim size of 22.5×14.00 (specified rim), and the tire is filled with air having a pressure of 930 kPa (a value obtained by adding 100 kPa to 830 kPa which is an internal pressure determined by TRA). Each tire mounted on the wheel is mounted on a drum tester, and a traveling test is performed under conditions where a speed is set to 40 km/h and a load is set to 54.4 kN. In such a case, traveling distances of respective tires before the tires are broken are expressed as indexes respectively as shown in Tables 3 and 4.

An internal pressure of air filled in the tire and a load applied to the tire differ between the evaluation of the bead durability and the evaluation of the belt durability. The reason is that the condition that distortion is likely to be generated in the bead portion 6 is adopted in the evaluation of the bead durability, while the condition that distortion is likely to be generated in the belt layer 10 is adopted in the evaluation of the belt durability.

In both the belt durability and the bead durability, assuming the performance of the tire according to Comparative Example 1 as 100, the performances of tires according to the remaining Comparative Examples 2 to 8 and Examples 1 to 11 were indexed.

In all of Examples 1 to 11, the indexes of bead durability are not smaller than 110, showing that all tires have favorable bead durability. Furthermore, in all of Examples 1 to 11, the indexes of belt durability are not smaller than 110, showing that all tires have favorable belt durability.

In the tires according to Comparative Examples 2 and 7 in which the cord angles θ3 of the reinforcement belt 13 are smaller than the lower limit value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention, although the indexes of belt durability exceed 110, the indexes of bead durability are lower than 110. In other words, if the cord angle θ3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is set to an angle smaller than a value which falls within the range of the cord angle θ3 according to the present invention, the tire cannot obtain sufficient bead durability even if the tire has the same belt durability as the tires according to Examples 1 to 11.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 8 in which the cord angle θ3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is larger than the upper limit value of the range of the cord angle θ3 (not smaller than 6 degrees and not larger than 9 degrees) in the present invention, although the index of the bead durability exceeds 110, the index of the belt durability is lower than 110. In other words, if the cord angle θ3 of the reinforcement belt 13 is set to an angle larger than a value which falls within the range of the cord angle θ3 according to the present invention, the tire cannot obtain sufficient belt durability even if the tire has the same bead durability as the tires according to Examples 1 to 11.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 3 in which the inclination angle α is smaller than the lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention, although the index of the belt durability exceeds 110, the index of the bead durability is lower than 110. In other words, if the inclination angle α is set to an angle smaller than a value which falls within the range of the inclination angle α according to the present invention, sufficient bead durability cannot be obtained even if the tire has the same belt durability as the tires according to Examples 1 to 11.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 4 in which the inclination angle α is larger than the upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle α (20±5 degrees) in the present invention, although the index of the belt durability exceeds 110, the index of the bead durability is lower than 110. In other words, if the inclination angle α is set to an angle larger than a value which falls within the range of the inclination angle α according to the present invention, sufficient bead durability cannot be obtained even if the tire has the same belt durability as the tires according to Examples 1 to 11.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 5 in which the inclination angle β is smaller than the lower limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention, although the index of the bead durability exceeds 110, the index of the belt durability is lower than 110. In other words, if the inclination angle β is set to an angle smaller than a value which falls within the range of the inclination angle θ according to the present invention, sufficient belt durability cannot be obtained even if the tire has the same bead durability as the tires according to Examples 1 to 11.

In the tire according to Comparative Example 6 in which the inclination angle β is larger than the upper limit value of the range of the inclination angle β (15±10 degrees) in the present invention, although the index of the bead durability exceeds 110, the index of the belt durability is lower than 110. In other words, if the inclination angle β is set to an angle larger than a value which falls within the range of the inclination angle β according to the present invention, sufficient belt durability cannot be obtained even if the tire has the same bead durability as the tires according to Examples 1 to 11.

As described above, by comparing the tires according to Comparative Examples 1 to 8 and the tires according to Examples 1 to 11, it is understood that, according to the present invention, bead durability can be enhanced while belt durability in the pneumatic tire is also ensured.

The tire according to the present invention is favorably applicable to a pneumatic tire (so-called super single tire) having an aspect ratio of not larger than 70% and a nominal section width of not smaller than 365. The tire according to the present invention is also applicable to a pneumatic tire having a small aspect ratio and falling outer side a range of a pneumatic radial tire for heavy load.

PNEUMATIC TIRE

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Abstract

Description

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Priority Claims (1)