The present disclosure relates to a pneumatic tire.
As technology for enhancing the quietness of a tire during vehicle driving, it has been proposed to reduce the air column resonance sound by providing resonators on the tread surface of the tire. For example, see Patent Literature (PTL) 1.
PTL 1: JP 2017-185889 A
Although the technology described in PTL 1 can reduce the air column resonance sound, the resonators arranged in the tire circumferential direction themselves become a source of pattern noise, leading to a risk that the quietness of the tire might not be sufficiently obtained. In particular, for resonators provided in a land portion defined by two circumferential main grooves, it is necessary to increase the size of the resonator, for example, to reduce the air column resonance sound of the two circumferential main grooves. The problem of increased pattern noise consequently becomes more pronounced.
The present disclosure aims to provide a pneumatic tire with enhanced quietness by reducing air column resonance sound while reducing pattern noise.
A summary of the present disclosure is as follows.
A pneumatic tire includes:
two or more circumferential main grooves extending in a tire circumferential direction on a tread surface; and
in a land portion defined by the two circumferential main grooves, a widthwise sipe extending in a tire width direction from each of the two circumferential main grooves, a circumferential sipe extending in the tire circumferential direction, and a hole connected to the circumferential sipe, wherein
the widthwise sipe is connected to the circumferential sipe or the hole,
the widthwise sipe includes a first widened portion, on a sipe bottom side, at which a sipe width is larger than on the tread surface side,
the circumferential sipe includes a second widened portion, on a sipe bottom side, at which a sipe width is larger than on the tread surface side, and
the hole, the first widened portion, and the second widened portion are connected.
Here, the “tread surface” refers to the entire tread surface in the tire circumferential direction that comes into contact with the road surface when the pneumatic tire is mounted on an applicable rim, filled to a prescribed internal pressure, and subjected to the maximum load.
The “circumferential main groove” refers to a groove extending in the tire circumferential direction and having an opening width of 2 mm or more at the aforementioned tread surface when the pneumatic tire is mounted on an applicable rim, filled to a prescribed internal pressure, and under no load.
The “widthwise sipe” refers to a sipe extending in the tire width direction and having an opening width of less than 2 mm at the aforementioned tread surface when the pneumatic tire is mounted on an applicable rim, filled to a prescribed internal pressure, and under no load.
The “circumferential sipe” refers to a sipe extending in the tire circumferential direction and having an opening width of less than 2 mm at the aforementioned tread surface when the pneumatic tire is mounted on an applicable rim, filled to a prescribed internal pressure, and under no load.
In the present specification, the “applicable rim” refers to a standard rim of an applicable size, such as the Measuring Rim in the STANDARDS MANUAL of the European Tyre and Rim Technological Organisation (ETRTO) in Europe or the Design Rim in the YEAR BOOK of the Tire and Rim Association, Inc. (TRA) in the USA, that is described, or will be described in the future, in industrial standards effective in the region where the tire is manufactured and used, such as the YEAR BOOK published by the Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association (JATMA) in Japan, the STANDARDS
MANUAL of the ETRTO, and the YEAR BOOK of the TRA. (In other words, the “rim” encompasses not only current sizes but also sizes that may be included in industrial standards in the future. An example of the “size that will be described in the future” is the size described under “future developments” in the ETRTO Standards Manual 2013). In the case of a size not specified in the aforementioned industrial standards, the “rim” refers to a rim whose width corresponds to the bead width of the tire.
The “prescribed internal pressure” represents the air pressure (maximum air pressure) corresponding to the maximum load capability of a single wheel in an applicable size/ply rating described by the aforementioned JATMA or the like. In the case of a size not listed in the industrial standards, the “prescribed internal pressure” refers to the air pressure (maximum air pressure) corresponding to the maximum load capability prescribed for each vehicle on which the tire is mounted.
The “maximum load” refers to the load corresponding to the aforementioned maximum load capability.
In the present description, the “diameter” of the hole refers to the maximum diameter in a cross-section orthogonal to the extending direction of the hole.
According to the present disclosure, a pneumatic tire with enhanced quietness by reducing air column resonance sound while reducing pattern noise can be provided.
In the accompanying drawings:
Embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in detail with reference to the drawings.
The internal structure and the like of the pneumatic tire (hereinafter referred to simply as the tire) can be the same as those of conventional tires. As an example, the tire can have a pair of bead portions, a pair of sidewall portions connected to the pair of bead portions, and a tread portion disposed between the pair of sidewall portions. The tire can also have a carcass extending toroidally between the pair of bead portions and a belt disposed on the radially outward side of a crown portion of the carcass.
Unless otherwise specified, the dimensions and the like refer to the dimensions and the like when the tire is mounted on an applicable rim, filled to the prescribed internal pressure, and under no load.
As illustrated in
The groove width (opening width (opening width measured perpendicular to the extending direction of the groove in plan view)) of the circumferential main groove 2 is not particularly limited, since the groove width also depends on the number of circumferential main grooves 2, but can, for example, be between 3 mm and 15 mm. Similarly, the groove depth (maximum depth) of the circumferential main groove 2 is not particularly limited but can, for example, be between 14 mm and 20 mm.
In the illustrated example, the circumferential main grooves 2 all extend along the tire circumferential direction (without inclination) in plan view of the tread surface 1, but at least one of the circumferential main grooves 2 may extend at an inclination relative to the tire circumferential direction. In this case, the circumferential main groove 2 may be inclined at an angle of, for example, 5° or less relative to the tire circumferential direction. In the illustrated example, all of the circumferential main grooves 2 extend straight in the tire circumferential direction, but at least one of the circumferential main grooves 2 may have a shape such as a zigzag shape or a curved shape.
In the illustrated example, the land portions 3a, 3d located outermost in the tire width direction do not have grooves or sipes. This configuration increases the rigidity of the land portions and improves the steering stability. The land portions located outermost in the tire width direction may, however, be provided with widthwise grooves, circumferential sipes, and/or widthwise sipes (one or more of any one or more types) as appropriate.
In the illustrated example, the land portions (3b, 3c) defined by two circumferential main grooves include widthwise sipes 4 extending in the tire width direction from each of the two circumferential main grooves, circumferential sipes 6 extending in the tire circumferential direction, and holes 5 connected to the circumferential sipes 6.
The widthwise sipes 4 extend in the tire width direction from each of the two circumferential main grooves 2. The widthwise sipes 4 are connected to the circumferential sipes 6 or to the holes 5 (to the holes 5 in the illustrated example). The number of widthwise sipes 4 can be appropriately set.
The widthwise sipes 4 extending in the tire width direction from each of the two circumferential main grooves 2 can be aligned in the tire circumferential direction, as in the example illustrated in
Here, the sipe width (opening width (opening width measured perpendicular to the extending direction of the sipe)) of the widthwise sipe 4 is not particularly limited, since the sipe width also depends on the number of widthwise sipes 4, but can, for example, be between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm. Similarly, the sipe depth (maximum depth) of the widthwise sipe 4 is not particularly limited but can, for example, be between 14 mm and 20 mm.
In the illustrated example, each widthwise sipe 4 of each land portion 3b, 3c extends straight without inclination relative to the tire width direction but may instead extend at an inclination relative to the tire width direction. In the case in which the widthwise sipe 4 extends at an inclination relative to the tire width direction, the widthwise sipe 4 is preferably inclined relative to the tire width direction at an inclination angle of 35° or less, and is more preferably inclined at an inclination angle of 25° or less. The inclination angles of the widthwise sipes 4 relative to the tire width direction can differ between land portions 3. The inclination angles of a plurality of widthwise sipes 4 relative to the tire width direction can also be the same or different within a land portion 3.
In the illustrated example, all of the widthwise sipes 4 extend straight in the tire width direction, but at least one of the widthwise sipes 4 may have a bent portion.
As illustrated in
In the present example, the first widened portion 4a has a circular shape in a cross-section orthogonal to the extending direction but can instead have various other shapes, including an elliptical shape (the major axis being in any direction), or a polygonal shape such as a rectangular shape. The extension length of the first widened portion 4a in the depth direction of the sipe is not particularly limited but can be 20% to 50% of the depth of the widthwise sipe 4.
The first widened portion 4a is preferably provided at the groove bottom but can instead be provided at a location 20% to 40% of the sipe depth from the groove bottom, for example. In this case, the region farther inward in tire radial direction than the first widened portion 4a can be a flat sipe (like the region farther outward in tire radial direction than the first widened portion 4a).
The hole 5 is connected to the circumferential sipe 6. The hole 5 is cylindrical in the present example, as illustrated in
In the present example, the hole 5 has a constant cross-sectional shape and diameter in the depth direction (extending direction), but the cross-sectional shape and diameter may vary. In this case, the hole 5 preferably includes a portion in which the diameter of the hole increases from the outside to the inside in the tire radial direction. This configuration can improve the drainage performance when wear progresses. To connect to the first widened portion 4a and/or the second widened portion 6a (described below), this portion can be aligned in the tire radial direction with the first widened portion 4a and/or the second widened portion 6a, or can be disposed at a different position (in this case, connected to communicate in the tire radial direction).
The hole 5 is preferably provided to be at least partially located at the central position when the land portions 3b, 3c are divided into three equal parts in the tire width direction. This can secure the distance between the circumferential main grooves 2 and the hole 5 so that the rigidity of the land portion does not locally decrease.
The diameter of the hole 5 also depends on the number of holes and is therefore not particularly limited but may, for example, be from 1 mm to 3 mm for small tires for a passenger car and from 5 mm to 15 mm for truck/bus tires.
In the illustrated example, the circumferential sipes 6 are located at the central position when the land portions 3b, 3c are divided into three equal parts in the tire width direction. Each circumferential sipe 6 is connected to the hole 5 on the tread surface 1.
The number of the circumferential sipes 6 can be set as appropriate, depending also on the number of widthwise sipes 4 described above. Here, the sipe width (opening width (opening width measured perpendicular to the extending direction of the circumferential sipe)) of the circumferential sipe 6 is not particularly limited, since the sipe width also depends on the number of circumferential sipes 6, but can, for example, be between 0.6 mm and 1.2 mm. Similarly, the sipe depth (maximum depth) of the circumferential sipe 6 is not particularly limited but can, for example, be between 14 mm and 20 mm.
In the illustrated example, each circumferential sipe 6 of each land portion 3b, 3c extends straight without inclination relative to the tire circumferential direction but may instead extend at an inclination relative to the tire circumferential direction. In the case in which the circumferential sipe 6 extends at an inclination relative to the tire width direction, the circumferential sipe 6 is preferably inclined relative to the tire circumferential direction at an inclination angle of 45° or less, and is more preferably inclined at an inclination angle of 30° or less. The inclination angles of the circumferential sipes 6 relative to the tire circumferential direction can differ between land portions 3. The inclination angles of a plurality of circumferential sipes 6 relative to the tire circumferential direction can also be the same or different within a land portion 3.
In the illustrated example, all of the circumferential sipes 6 extend straight in the tire circumferential direction, but at least one of the circumferential sipes 6 may have a bent portion.
In the illustrated example, the holes 5 are arranged in a staggered pattern (so as not to overlap when projected in the tire width direction) between the two land portions 3b, 3c that are adjacent in the tire width direction. This achieves a uniform balance of rigidity over the entire tread pattern. The holes 5 may, however, be arranged to have an overlapping portion, when projected in the tire width direction, between the two land portions 3b, 3c that are adjacent in the tire width direction.
As illustrated in
In the present example, the second widened portion 6a has a circular shape in a cross-section orthogonal to the extending direction but can instead have various other shapes, including an elliptical shape (the major axis being in any direction), or a polygonal shape such as a rectangular shape. The extension length of the second widened portion 6a in the depth direction of the sipe is not particularly limited but can be 20% to 50% of the depth of the circumferential sipe 6.
The second widened portion 6a is preferably provided at the groove bottom but can instead be provided at a location 20% to 40% of the sipe depth from the groove bottom, for example. In this case, the region farther inward in tire radial direction than the second widened portion 6a can be a flat sipe (like the region farther outward in tire radial direction than the second widened portion 6a).
As illustrated in
The effects of the pneumatic tire according to the present embodiment are described below.
The pneumatic tire of the present embodiment includes widthwise sipes 4 extending in the tire width direction from the two circumferential main grooves 2, and the widthwise sipes 4 are connected to the holes 5 in the illustrated example. The hole 5, the first widened portion 4a, and the second widened portion 6a are connected.
As a result, the widthwise sipe 4, the circumferential sipe 6, and the hole 5 can function as a resonator, with the widthwise sipe 4 acting as a narrowed neck, and the space formed by the connected hole 5, first widened portion 4a, and second widened portion 6a serving the role of an air chamber. The air column resonance sound produced by the two circumferential main grooves 2 can thereby be reduced.
Furthermore, since the volume of the air chamber is secured at the bottom of the sipe, only the area of the hole 5 is required as the area of the groove on the tread surface 1, and the area of the groove can be kept small. Pattern noise can thereby also be reduced (compared to the case in which the air chamber is provided on the tread surface).
The hole 5 being connected to the first widened portion 4a and the second widened portion 6a at the bottom side also has the following effects. In the initial stage of wear, drainage from the hole 5 to the first widened portion 4a and second widened portion 6a is promoted, thereby improving the drainage performance. After wear progresses (when the first widened portion 4a and the second widened portion 6a are exposed as the tread surface), the widened portions respectively function as a widthwise groove and a circumferential groove, thereby also improving the drainage performance after wear progresses.
In the embodiment illustrated in
First, two holes 5 are illustrated in
Next, in the example illustrated in
Next, in the example illustrated in
In the embodiment illustrated in
With the embodiment illustrated in
Furthermore, since the volume of the air chamber is secured at the bottom of the sipe, only the area of the holes 5 is required as the area of the groove on the tread surface 1, and the area of the groove can be kept small. Pattern noise can thereby also be reduced (compared to the case in which the air chamber is provided on the tread surface).
The hole 5 being connected to the first widened portion 4a and the second widened portion 6a at the bottom side also has the following effects. In the initial stage of wear, drainage from the hole 5 to the first widened portion 4a and second widened portion 6a is promoted, thereby improving the drainage performance. After wear progresses (when the first widened portion 4a and the second widened portion 6a are exposed as the tread surface), the widened portions respectively function as a widthwise groove and a circumferential groove, thereby also improving the drainage performance after wear progresses.
The embodiment illustrated in
First, the hole 5 in
Next, in the example illustrated in
Next, in the example illustrated in
In the embodiment illustrated in
With the embodiment illustrated in
Furthermore, since the volume of the air chamber is secured at the bottom of the sipe, only the area of the hole 5 is required as the area of the groove on the tread surface 1, and the area of the groove can be kept small. Pattern noise can thereby also be reduced (compared to the case in which the air chamber is provided on the tread surface).
The hole 5 being connected to the first widened portions 4a and the second widened portion 6a at the bottom side also has the following effects. In the initial stage of wear, drainage from the hole 5 to the first widened portions 4a and second widened portion 6a is promoted, thereby improving the drainage performance. After wear progresses (when the first widened portions 4a and the second widened portion 6a are exposed as the tread surface), the widened portions respectively function as a widthwise groove and a circumferential groove, thereby also improving the drainage performance after wear progresses.
The embodiment illustrated in
Since the configurations of the circumferential main grooves 2 and the land portions 3 can be similar to the embodiment illustrated in
In the example illustrated in
First, the widthwise sipes 4 extend straight (without inclination) in the tread width direction in the illustrated example and are connected (directly) to a circumferential main groove 2 and the end of a circumferential sipe 6. The two widthwise sipes 4 connected (indirectly) to one hole 5 are shifted in phase in the tire circumferential direction so as not to overlap when projected in the tire width direction.
Next, the hole 5 has an elliptical shape in plan view, but this case is not limiting. The hole 5 can have various shapes in plan view, such as a circle or polygon. In the illustrated example, the hole 5 has an elliptical shape with the major axis in the extending direction of the circumferential sipe 6. The hole 5 is connected (directly) to two circumferential sipes 6.
Next, with regard to the circumferential sipes 6, each of two circumferential sipes 6 is connected to the end of the widthwise sipe 4 and to the hole 5. As described above, the circumferential sipe 6 is preferably inclined relative to the tire circumferential direction at an inclination angle of 45° or less, and is more preferably inclined at an inclination angle of 30° or less.
Here, the circumferential sipes 6 are inclined in opposite directions from each other (to be symmetrical about the tire equatorial plane CL) between the land portion 3b and the land portion 3c, which are located in different tire widthwise halves bounded by the tire equatorial plane CL. In the illustrated example, the widthwise sipes 4 of the land portion 3b and the widthwise sipes 4 of the land portion 3c are shifted in phase in the tire circumferential direction so as not to overlap when projected in the tire width direction.
In the embodiment illustrated in
In the embodiment illustrated in
With the embodiment illustrated in
Furthermore, since the volume of the air chamber is secured at the bottom of the sipe, only the area of the hole 5 is required as the area of the groove on the tread surface 1, and the area of the groove can be kept small. Pattern noise can thereby also be reduced (compared to the case in which the air chamber is provided on the tread surface).
The embodiment illustrated in
Here, a tire radial region in which the first widened portion is located and a tire radial region in which the second widened portion is located preferably overlap at least partially (more preferably completely) in the tire radial direction. This can further improve the drainage performance.
The hole preferably includes a portion in which the diameter of the hole increases from the outside to the inside in the tire radial direction. This portion in which the diameter increases can reduce the degradation in the drainage performance when wear progresses.
While embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, the present disclosure is in no way limited to the above embodiments. For example, the hole, the first widened portion, and the second widened portion may be connected by one first widened portion being connected (directly) to one hole, the hole and one end of the second widened portion being connected (directly), and the other end of the second widened portion and another first widened portion being connected (directly). In the embodiments illustrated in
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2019-220448 | Dec 2019 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/JP2020/024394 | 6/22/2020 | WO |