Patent Grant
12036820
The present technology relates to a pneumatic tire.
In a typical tire, uneven wear is caused by high amounts of pressure acting on the tire when it comes into contact with the ground. Thus, ground contact pressure needs to be appropriately alleviated.
A known pneumatic tire, for example the pneumatic tire described in Japan Patent Publication No. 2003-182315, is designed to improve steering stability on snow in a travel-worn stage without decreasing dry steering stability. This pneumatic tire includes, in a road contact surface portion of a tread portion, a plurality of main grooves extending in a circumferential direction, and a block defined by lateral grooves that cross the main grooves. The block includes sipes and a pair of acute angle block corner portions on opposite sides in the circumferential direction. The blocks further include a pair of small blocks defined by the pair of acute angle block corner portions and two of the sipes and a central block disposed between the small blocks, the central block being larger than the small blocks.
The pneumatic tire described in Japan Patent Publication No. 2008-260343, for example, includes, in a belt layer, a small-angle belt including cords inclined at an angle ranging from 5° to 30° with respect to a tire circumferential direction and a large-angle belt including cords inclined at an angle ranging from 45° to 90° with respect to the tire circumferential direction.
The pneumatic tire described in Japan Patent Publication No. 2015-174469, for another example, includes a belt layer with a multilayer structure including a pair of cross belt layers and a circumferential belt.
The rigidity of blocks and ribs is reduced by narrow grooves and slits such as sipes being formed. This may lead to separation and chipping.
The present technology provides a pneumatic tire that can provide improved uneven wear resistance performance while maintaining durability performance by alleviating ground contact pressure without reducing block rigidity.
A heavy duty pneumatic tire mountable on a truck or bus, especially a pneumatic tire with a low aspect ratio, may include a small-angle belt such as that in Japan Patent Publication No. 2008-260343 or a circumferential belt such as that in Japan Patent Publication No. 2015-174469 (referred to below collectively as “circumferential belt” to retain the shape of the tread portion.
In the tire equatorial plane region where the circumferential belt is disposed, the circumferential belt provides high circumferential rigidity, thus allowing radial growth to be suppressed when the tire is new and thereafter. However, the regions outward from the circumferential belt in the tire lateral direction experience high radial growth due to circumferential rigidity being relatively low compared to that of the region at or near the tire equatorial plane. This causes uneven wear.
In light of the foregoing, the present technology provides a pneumatic tire that can provide improved uneven wear resistance performance even with a configuration including a circumferential belt.
A pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology includes two circumferential grooves, in a tread surface of a tread portion, disposed in alignment in a tire lateral direction extending in a tire circumferential direction, a plurality of lateral grooves, in the tread surface, disposed in alignment in the tire circumferential direction extending to cross the tire circumferential direction, the plurality of lateral grooves communicating at both ends with both of the circumferential grooves and defining a block-shaped land portion each between the circumferential grooves, a narrow groove, in the tread surface of the land portion, disposed in alignment in the tire lateral direction extending in the tire circumferential direction, the narrow groove communicating at both ends with a respective lateral groove of the plurality of lateral grooves and dividing, in the tire lateral direction, the land portion defined by each of the circumferential grooves and each of the lateral grooves into a plurality of small land portions, wherein the two narrow grooves are formed in the land portion having a smaller groove width than the circumferential grooves and each including a bent portion in an intermediate portion, the bent portion being disposed inward in the tire lateral direction in a direction the narrow grooves oppose one another from an imaginary straight line connecting ends of the respective narrow grooves, and bend points of the bent portions being disposed at positions offset from one another in the tire circumferential direction.
According to the pneumatic tire, each of the land portions defined by the circumferential grooves and the lateral grooves are divided by the two narrow grooves to form small land portions. This results in lower rigidity, which allows the ground contact pressure when the tread portion comes into contact with the ground to be alleviated. Additionally, the length of the narrow grooves is increased by the bent portions formed in the narrow grooves. This further results in lower rigidity, which allows the ground contact pressure to be further alleviated. Thus, uneven wear resistance performance can be improved. Furthermore, according to the pneumatic tire, the bent portion is disposed inward in the tire lateral direction in the direction the two narrow grooves oppose one another from the imaginary straight line connecting the ends of the narrow groove. As a result, a reduction in the area of the side small land portions on the tread surface is suppressed, and a decrease in rigidity is prevented. Moreover, the bend points of the two narrow grooves are located offset from each other in the tire circumferential direction so that localized narrowing of the central small land portion is suppressed, and thus, a decrease in rigidity is prevented. Thus, separation and chipping of the land portion can be suppressed. As a result, according to the pneumatic tire, uneven wear resistance performance can be improved while maintaining durability performance by suppressing separation and chipping.
In the pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology, preferably the bent portion of the narrow groove has a bend angle ranging from 90° to 160°.
According to the pneumatic tire, when the bend angle of the bent portion is 90° or greater, the bend becomes less sharp. As a result, separation and chipping is less likely to occur and the effect of maintaining durability is great. When the bending angle of the bent portion is 160° or less, the length of the narrow grooves is increased, and the effect of reducing rigidity is great.
In the pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology, preferably a relative shift width Lc in the tire circumferential direction of each of the bend point of the two narrow grooves and a tire circumferential direction dimension L of the land portion in which the narrow grooves are formed satisfy 0.1≤Lc/L.
According to the pneumatic tire, by satisfying 0.1≤Lc/L, localized narrowing of the central small land portion between the two narrow grooves is further suppressed, and a decrease in rigidity can be further prevented. As a result, the effect of maintaining durability performance is great.
In the pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology, preferably the lateral groove is formed extending at an incline with respect to the tire lateral direction, with an angle with respect to the tire lateral direction ranging from 5° to 50°.
According to the pneumatic tire, when the angle of the lateral groove with respect to the tire lateral direction is greater than 5°, the length of the lateral groove is increased and the effect of reducing rigidity is great. When the angle of the lateral groove is 50° or less, the angle is prevented from being sharp. As a result, separation and chipping is less likely to occur and the effect of maintaining durability is great.
In the pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology, preferably relationships Ha>Hb, and Ha>Hc are satisfied, where Ha is a groove depth of the circumferential grooves, Hb is a groove depth of the lateral grooves, and Hc is a groove depth of the narrow grooves.
According to the pneumatic tire, the groove depth Hb of the lateral grooves and the groove depth Hc of the narrow grooves are less than the groove depth Ha of the circumferential grooves so that a decrease in rigidity of the land portion in the tire circumferential direction is suppressed. Thus, the effect of maintaining durability is great.
In the pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology, preferably Hb ranges from 1 mm to 5 mm and Hc ranges from 1 mm to 5 mm, where Hb is a groove depth of the lateral grooves and Hc is a groove depth of the narrow grooves.
According to the pneumatic tire, the groove depth Hb of the lateral grooves and the groove depth Hc of the narrow grooves range from 1 mm to 5 mm to suppress a decrease in rigidity of the land portions. As a result, the effect of maintaining durability is great.
In the pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology, preferably the lateral grooves are formed extending at an incline with respect to the tire lateral direction; and a chamfer is formed in a corner portion of the land portion with an acute angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction.
According to the pneumatic tire, by providing the chamfer, separation and chipping are less likely to occur and the effect of maintaining durability is great.
The pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology preferably further includes a sipe, in the tread surface, communicating at one end with one of the circumferential grooves and terminating at another end within the land portion; and preferably relationships 0.3 mm≤Wd≤2.0 mm, 0.3≤Hd/Ha≤1.0, and 0.03≤Ld/We≤0.2 are satisfied, where Wd is a groove width of the sipe, Hd is a groove depth of the sipe, Ld is a groove length of the sipe, We is a tire lateral direction dimension of the land portion, and Ha is a groove depth of the circumferential grooves.
According to the pneumatic tire, the sipe reduces the rigidity of the land portion so that ground contact pressure is alleviated. As a result, the effect of improving uneven wear resistance performance is great.
A pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology includes a circumferential belt, in a tread portion, disposed in a tire lateral direction encompassing a position of a tire equatorial plane including cords extending in a tire circumferential direction disposed in alignment in a tire lateral direction, a plurality of circumferential grooves, in a tread surface of the tread portion, disposed in alignment in the tire lateral direction extending in the tire circumferential direction, including a central circumferential groove disposed on the tire equatorial plane, outer circumferential grooves disposed outermost in the tire lateral direction, and intermediate circumferential grooves disposed between the central circumferential groove and the outer circumferential grooves, a land portion disposed between the central circumferential groove and one of the outer circumferential grooves being divided into at least three in the tire lateral direction by the intermediate circumferential grooves; and a plurality of lateral grooves, in each of the land portions, disposed in alignment in the tire lateral direction at an incline with respect to the tire circumferential direction, opening at both ends to the circumferential grooves adjacent in the tire lateral direction, wherein an inclination angle of an acute angle of the lateral grooves with respect to the tire circumferential direction is smallest in the land portion closest to the tire equatorial plane and is larger in the land portion as it goes to the tire lateral direction outer side.
According to the pneumatic tire, by the inclination angles of the acute angles of the lateral grooves with respect to the tire circumferential direction being configured as such, the rigidity of the land portion closest to the tire equatorial plane is reduced, and the rigidity of the land portion is progressively higher going outward in the tire lateral direction. Thus, the rigidity difference between the tire equator surface region and the outer region in the tire lateral direction caused by the circumferential belt is suppressed while obtaining the effect of suppressing the radial growth when the tire is new and thereafter by increasing the circumferential rigidity by using the circumferential belt. As a result, the circumferential rigidity of the tread portion across the tire lateral direction can be made uniform and uneven wear can be suppressed, thus the improved uneven wear resistance performance can be provided even with a configuration including the circumferential belt.
In the pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology, preferably the lateral grooves between the two of the land portions adjacent in the tire lateral direction have a difference in the inclination angle being larger as it goes closer to the tire equatorial plane and smaller as it goes closer to the tire lateral direction outer side.
According to the pneumatic tire, the difference between the inclination angles of the acute angles of the lateral grooves with respect to the tire circumferential direction in the two land portions adjacent in the tire lateral direction corresponds to the difference in rigidity between the two adjacent land portions. By the difference between the inclination angles of the acute angles of the lateral grooves with respect to the tire circumferential direction being larger as it goes closer to the tire equatorial plane and smaller as it goes closer to the tire lateral direction outer side, the difference in rigidity between the land portions adjacent in the tire lateral direction is larger towards the tire equatorial plane. This allows excessive circumferential rigidity in the tire equatorial plane region caused by the circumferential belt to be suppressed. As a result, the circumferential rigidity of the tread portion across the tire lateral direction can further be made uniform and uneven wear can be suppressed, thus the effect of significantly improving uneven wear resistance performance can be provided even with a configuration including the circumferential belt.
In the pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology, preferably a center region being a region defined between the outer circumferential grooves, a tire lateral direction dimension Wf of the center region and a tire lateral direction dimension Wg of the circumferential belt satisfy a relationship Wg/Wf≥1.03.
In the region outward of the circumferential belt in the tire lateral direction, circumferential rigidity is not high, thus, in this region, it is not necessary to make rigidity uniform by using the inclination angles of the acute angles of the lateral grooves with respect to the tire circumferential direction. As a result, the center region is preferably disposed within the range of the circumferential belt.
In the pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology, preferably when the pneumatic tire is mounted on a regular rim, inflated to a regular internal pressure, and in an unloaded state, a difference in tire radial direction dimension between both ends in the tire lateral direction of the land portions is smaller as it goes closer to the tire equatorial plane and larger as it goes closer to the tire lateral direction outer side, and a difference in tire radial direction dimension Do of the land portion located outermost in the tire lateral direction and a difference in tire radial direction dimension Dm of the land portion adjacent thereto inward in the tire lateral direction satisfy the relationship Do/Dm≥1.5.
According the pneumatic tire, the circumferential rigidity is smaller the smaller the difference in tire radial direction dimension between both ends in the tire lateral direction of the land portion, and on the contrary the circumferential rigidity is larger the larger the difference. Also, in relation to the difference in tire radial direction dimension Do of the land portion outermost in the tire lateral direction and the difference in tire radial direction dimension Dm of the land portion adjacent thereto inward in the tire lateral direction, the difference in rigidity is larger the larger the difference in tire radial direction dimension Do located outward in the tire lateral direction. Accordingly, as the circumferential rigidity is decreased in the land portions against the increase of the circumferential rigidity in the tire equatorial plane region by the circumferential belt, the circumferential rigidity is increased in the land portions against the decrease of the circumferential rigidity in the region outward from the circumferential belt, and the difference in rigidity of the land portions in the outer regions in the tire lateral direction are specified by the relationship Do/Dm, a difference in circumferential rigidity in the tire lateral direction in the land portions caused by the circumferential belt can be suppressed. As a result, the circumferential rigidity of the tread portion across the tire lateral direction can further be made uniform and uneven wear can be suppressed, thus the effect of significantly improving uneven wear resistance performance can be provided even with a configuration including the circumferential belt.
In the pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology, preferably the land portion is formed to have a plurality of blocks defined by the two circumferential grooves adjacent in the tire lateral direction and the two lateral grooves adjacent in the tire circumferential direction, the blocks are divided in the tire lateral direction to form small blocks by a narrow groove that opens at both ends to two of the lateral grooves adjacent in the tire circumferential direction, and in the plurality of blocks, a surface area SI of the small block closest to the tire equatorial plane and a surface area SO of the small block closest to the tire lateral direction outer side satisfy a relationship SO/SI≥1.01.
According to the pneumatic tire, in the blocks, by configuring the surface area SO of the small block located closest to the tire lateral direction outer side being greater than the surface area SI of the small block closest to the tire equatorial plane, the rigidity on the side closer to the tire lateral direction outer side in the block can be increased. As a result, the circumferential rigidity of the tread portion across the tire lateral direction can further be made uniform and uneven wear can be suppressed, thus the effect of significantly improving uneven wear resistance performance can be provided even with a configuration including the circumferential belt.
In the pneumatic tire according to an aspect of the present technology, preferably the land portion is formed to have a plurality of blocks defined by the two circumferential grooves adjacent in the tire lateral direction and the two lateral grooves adjacent in the tire circumferential direction, and an aspect ratio of a tire circumferential direction dimension L and a tire lateral direction dimension We of each of the blocks satisfies 1.2≤L/We≤2.0.
According to the pneumatic tire, the aspect ratio of the tire circumferential direction dimension L of the block and the tire lateral direction dimension We is configured to be in the range described above to make it easier for the block to have a difference in rigidity.
The present technology can provide improved uneven wear resistance performance while maintaining durability performance.
The present technology can provide improved uneven wear resistance performance even with a configuration including a circumferential belt.
A first embodiment of the present technology is described in detail below with reference to the drawings. However, the present technology is not limited by the first embodiment. Constituents of the first embodiment include elements that are essentially identical or that can be substituted or easily conceived by a person skilled in the art. Furthermore, the modified examples described for the first embodiment can be combined as desired within the scope apparent to those skilled in the art.
Hereinafter, “tire circumferential direction” refers to the circumferential direction with the rotation axis (not illustrated) of a pneumatic tire 1 as the center axis. Additionally, “tire lateral direction” refers to the direction parallel with the rotation axis. “Inward in the tire lateral direction” refers to the direction toward a tire equatorial plane (not illustrated) in the tire lateral direction. “Outward in the tire lateral direction” refers to the direction away from the tire equatorial plane in the tire lateral direction. “Tire radial direction” refers to the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis. “Inward in the tire radial direction” refers to the direction toward the rotation axis in the tire radial direction. “Outward in the tire radial direction” refers to the direction away from the rotation axis in the tire radial direction. “Tire equatorial plane” is the plane orthogonal to the rotation axis that passes through the center of the tire width of the pneumatic tire 1.
As illustrated in
The tread surface 2A of the tread portion 2 includes a plurality of circumferential grooves 3 (seven in the first embodiment illustrated in
Additionally, the tread portion 2 includes, in the tread surface 2A, ribs extending in the tire circumferential direction defined by adjacent circumferential grooves 3. The tread portion 2 includes, in the tread surface 2A, a plurality of lateral grooves 4 disposed in alignment in the tire circumferential direction, extending in the tire lateral direction and crossing the tire circumferential direction. The lateral grooves 4 communicate with the circumferential grooves 3 at both ends. Accordingly, each rib defined by the circumferential grooves 3 is divided by the lateral grooves 4 to form block-shaped land portions 5 defined between the circumferential grooves 3. Lateral groove 4 refers to a groove having, for example, a groove width (Wb in
Additionally, the tread portion 2 includes, in each land portion 5 of the tread surface 2A defined by the circumferential grooves 3 and the lateral grooves 4, two independent narrow grooves 6 extending in the tire circumferential direction disposed in alignment without meeting in the tire lateral direction. The narrow grooves 6 communicate with the lateral grooves 4 at both ends. Accordingly, each land portion 5 defined by the circumferential grooves 3 and the lateral grooves 4 is divided plurally in the tire lateral direction by the narrow grooves 6. Thus, a central small land portion 5A and two side small land portions 5B are formed in each land portion 5. The central small land portion 5A is defined by the lateral grooves 4 and the narrow grooves 6, and the side small land portions 5B are defined by the circumferential groove 3, the lateral grooves 4, and the narrow groove 6. Narrow groove 6 refers to a groove having, for example, a groove width (Wc in
The groove width Wc of the two narrow grooves 6 in each of the land portions 5 is less than the groove width Wa of the circumferential grooves 3. A bent portion 6A is formed in an intermediate portion of the narrow grooves 6. The bent portion 6A is disposed inward in the tire lateral direction in the direction the two narrow grooves 6 oppose one another in the tire lateral direction from an imaginary straight line A connecting the ends of the narrow groove 6. Furthermore, the narrow grooves 6 are disposed with bend points 6Aa of the bent portions 6A located offset from each other in the tire circumferential direction.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
According to the pneumatic tire 1 of the first embodiment with such a configuration, each of the land portions 5 defined by the circumferential grooves 3 and the lateral grooves 4 are divided by the two narrow grooves 6 to form the central small land portion 5A and the two side small land portions 5B. This results in lower rigidity, which allows the ground contact pressure when the tread portion 2 comes into contact with the ground to be alleviated. Additionally, the length of each of the narrow grooves 6 is increased by having the bent portions 6A formed in the narrow grooves 6. This further results in lower rigidity, which allows the ground contact pressure to be further alleviated. Thus, uneven wear resistance performance can be improved.
Furthermore, according to the pneumatic tire 1 of the first embodiment, the bent portion 6A is disposed inward in the tire lateral direction in the direction the two narrow grooves 6 oppose one another from the imaginary straight line A connecting the ends of the narrow groove 6. As a result, a reduction in the area of the side small land portions 5B on the tread surface 2A is suppressed, and a decrease in rigidity is prevented. Moreover, the bend points 6Aa of the two narrow grooves 6 are located offset from each other in the tire circumferential direction so that localized narrowing of the central small land portion 5A is suppressed, and thus, a decrease in rigidity is prevented. Thus, separation and chipping of the land portion 5 can be suppressed.
As a result, according to the pneumatic tire 1 of the first embodiment, uneven wear resistance performance can be improved while maintaining durability performance by suppressing separation and chipping.
In the pneumatic tire 1 of the first embodiment, a bend angle α of the bent portion 6A of the narrow groove 6 preferably ranges from 90° to 160°. As illustrated in
According to the pneumatic tire 1, when the bend angle α of the bent portion 6A is 90° or greater, the bend becomes less sharp. As a result, separation and chipping is less likely to occur and the effect of maintaining durability is great. When the bending angle α of the bent portion 6A is 160° or less, the length of the narrow grooves 6 is increased, and the effect of reducing rigidity is great.
As illustrated in
According to the pneumatic tire 1, by satisfying 0.1≤Lc/L, localized narrowing of the central small land portion 5A between the two narrow grooves 6 is further suppressed, and a decrease in rigidity can be further prevented. As a result, the effect of maintaining durability performance is great.
Additionally, according to the pneumatic tire 1 of the first embodiment, the lateral grooves 4 are formed extending at an incline with respect to the tire lateral direction. An angle β with respect to the tire lateral direction preferably ranges from 5° to 50°.
According to the pneumatic tire 1, when the angle β of the lateral grooves 4 with respect to the tire lateral direction is greater than 5°, the length of the lateral grooves 4 is increased and the effect of reducing rigidity is great. When the angle β of the lateral grooves 4 with respect to the tire lateral direction is 50° or less, the angle is prevented from being sharp. As a result, separation and chipping is less likely to occur and the effect of maintaining durability is great.
Note that in the pneumatic tire 1 of the first embodiment, the lateral grooves 4, in a rib defined by adjacent circumferential grooves 3, are inclined in the same direction with respect to the tire lateral direction. Additionally, in the pneumatic tire 1 of the first embodiment, the lateral grooves 4, in adjacent ribs, are also inclined in the same direction with respect to the tire lateral direction. In such a configuration, each of the land portions 5 are uniform in shape, which contributes to improving uneven wear resistance performance.
In the pneumatic tire 1 of the first embodiment, the relationships Ha>Hb, and Ha>Hc are preferably satisfied, where Ha is the groove depth of the circumferential grooves 3, Hb is the groove depth of the lateral grooves 4, and Hc is the groove depth of the narrow grooves 6.
According to the pneumatic tire 1, the groove depth Hb of the lateral grooves 4 and the groove depth Hc of the narrow grooves 6 are less than the groove depth Ha of the circumferential grooves 3 so that a decrease in rigidity of the land portion 5 in the tire circumferential direction is suppressed. Thus, the effect of maintaining durability is great.
In the pneumatic tire 1 of the first embodiment, Hb is preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm and Hc is preferably from 1 mm to 5 mm, where Hb is the groove depth of the lateral grooves 4 and Hc is the groove depth of the narrow grooves 6.
According to the pneumatic tire 1, the groove depth Hb of the lateral grooves 4 and the groove depth Hc of the narrow grooves 6 are configured to be from 1 mm to 5 mm to suppress a decrease in rigidity of the land portions 5. As a result, the effect of maintaining durability is great.
In the pneumatic tire 1 of the first embodiment, the lateral grooves 4 extend at an incline with respect to the tire lateral direction, and a chamfer 4A is preferably formed in the corner portion of the land portion 5 where an acute angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction is formed.
According to the pneumatic tire 1, by providing the chamfer 4A, separation and chipping are less likely to occur and the effect of maintaining durability is great.
As illustrated in
According to the pneumatic tire 1, the sipe 7 reduce the rigidity of the land portion 5 so that ground contact pressure is alleviated. As a result, the effect of improving uneven wear resistance performance is great.
For the first examples, performance tests for uneven wear resistance performance and durability performance were performed on a plurality of types of test tires of different conditions (see
In the performance tests, pneumatic tires (heavy duty pneumatic tires) having a tire size of 445/50R22.5 were mounted on regular rims, inflated to the regular internal pressure, and mounted on the trailer axle of a test vehicle (2-D•D vehicle (i.e., three axle vehicle with single tire steering axle and tandem dual tire drive axle).
Here, “regular rim” refers to a “standard rim” defined by the Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association Inc. (JATMA), a “Design Rim” defined by the Tire and Rim Association, Inc. (TRA), or a “Measuring Rim” defined by the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization (ETRTO). “Regular internal pressure” refers to a “maximum air pressure” defined by JATMA, the maximum value in “TIRE LOAD LIMITS AT VARIOUS COLD INFLATION PRESSURES” defined by TRA, or “INFLATION PRESSURES” defined by ETRTO.
In the performance test for uneven wear resistance performance, the test vehicle was driven for 100000 miles (about 160000 km) and, thereafter, the area and depth of uneven wear that occurred in the land portions were measured. The measurement results are expressed as index values and evaluated with the Conventional Example being assigned as the reference (100). In this evaluation, larger values are preferable as they indicate excellent uneven wear resistance performance.
In the performance test for durability performance, the test vehicle was driven for 100000 miles (about 160000 km) and, thereafter, the number of separations and chipping that occurred in the land portions was measured. The measurement results are expressed as index values and evaluated with the Conventional Example being assigned as the reference (100). In this evaluation, larger values are preferable as they indicate a lower number of separations and chipping and excellent durability performance.
The pneumatic tire of the Conventional Example indicated in
As can be seen from the test results in
A second embodiment of the present technology is described in detail below with reference to the drawings. However, the present technology is not limited by the second embodiment. Constituents of the second embodiment include elements that are essentially identical or that can be substituted or easily conceived by a person skilled in the art. Furthermore, the modified examples described in the second embodiment can be combined as desired within the scope apparent to one skilled in the art.
Hereinafter, “tire radial direction” refers to the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis (not illustrated) of a pneumatic tire 101. “Inward in the tire radial direction” refers to the direction toward the rotation axis in the tire radial direction. “Outward in the tire radial direction” refers to the direction away from the rotation axis in the tire radial direction. “Tire circumferential direction” refers to the circumferential direction with the rotation axis as the center axis. Additionally, “tire lateral direction” refers to the direction parallel with the rotation axis. “Inward in the tire lateral direction” refers to the direction toward a tire equatorial plane CL (tire equator line) in the tire lateral direction. “Outward in the tire lateral direction” refers to the direction away from the tire equatorial plane CL in the tire lateral direction. “Tire equatorial plane CL” refers to the plane orthogonal to the rotation axis of the pneumatic tire 101 that passes through the center of the tire width of the pneumatic tire 101. “Tire equator line” refers to the line in the tire circumferential direction of the pneumatic tire 101 that lies on the tire equatorial plane CL. In the second embodiment, the tire equator line and the tire equatorial plane are denoted by the same reference sign CL.
A pneumatic tire 101 according to the second embodiment is a heavy duty pneumatic tire applied to a truck, a bus or the like. As illustrated in
The tread portion 121 is made of a rubber material (tread rubber) and is exposed on the outermost side of the pneumatic tire 101 in the tire radial direction, with the surface thereof constituting the profile of the pneumatic tire 101. A tread surface 121A is formed on the outer circumferential surface of the tread portion 121, in other words, on the road contact surface that comes into contact with the road surface when running.
The shoulder portions 122 are portions of the tread portion 121 located outward in the tire lateral direction on both sides. Additionally, the sidewall portions, though not illustrated in the drawings, are exposed on the outermost sides of the pneumatic tire 101 in the tire lateral direction. Additionally, the bead portion, though not illustrated in the drawings, includes a bead core and a bead filler. The bead core is formed by winding a bead wire, which is a steel wire, into an annular shape. The bead filler is a rubber material that is disposed in the space formed by an end of the carcass layer 124 in the tire lateral direction being folded back at the position of the bead core.
Each of the end portions of the carcass layer 124 in the tire lateral direction is folded back at the pair of bead cores from inward to outward in the tire lateral direction, and the carcass layer 124 is stretched in a toroidal shape in the tire circumferential direction to form the framework of the tire. The carcass layer 124 is made of a plurality of carcass cords (not illustrated) disposed in alignment with an angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction along the tire meridian direction at an angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction and coated with coating rubber. The carcass cords are made of steel or organic fibers (polyester, rayon, nylon, or the like).
The belt layer 125 has a multilayer structure in which, in the second embodiment, four belts 125A, 125B, 125C, 125D are layered in the tire radial direction. In the tread portion 121, the belt layer 125 is disposed outward of the carcass layer 124 in the tire radial direction, i.e. on the outer circumference thereof, and covers the carcass layer 124 in the tire circumferential direction. The belts 125A, 125B, 125C, 125D are made of cords (not illustrated) disposed in a predetermined angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction (for example, from 45° to 90° with respect to the tire circumferential direction) and coated with coating rubber. The cords are made of steel or organic fibers (polyester, rayon, nylon, or the like). Each of the belts 125A, 125B, 125C, 125D are disposed with the cords of the different layers in the tire radial direction arranged in a criss-cross manner. Note that for the belt layer 125, it is sufficient that the cords of at least two belts layered in the tire radial direction are arranged in a criss-cross manner.
The belt layer 125 includes a circumferential belt 126. The circumferential belt 126 is made of cords (not illustrated) disposed in alignment in the tire lateral direction at an angle with respect to the tire circumferential direction of 0° (including ±5°) and coated with coating rubber. The cords are made of steel or organic fibers (polyester, rayon, nylon, or the like). The circumferential belt 126 is disposed between the belts of the belt layer 125 at a position in the tire lateral direction encompassing the tire equatorial plane CL. In the second embodiment, the circumferential belt 126 is disposed between the belts 125B, 125C. In other words, the circumferential belt 126 is disposed underlaying or overlaying with respect to the tire radial direction the two belts of the belt layer 125 with cords arranged in a criss-cross manner.
As illustrated in
The circumferential grooves 103 include a central circumferential groove 103A disposed with its center on the tire equatorial plane CL, outer circumferential grooves 103C disposed outermost in the tire lateral direction, and intermediate circumferential grooves 103B disposed between the central circumferential groove 103A and the outer circumferential grooves 103C. The land portions 105 includes inner land portions 105A disposed inward of both outer circumferential grooves 103C in the tire lateral direction, and outer land portions 105B disposed outward of both outer circumferential grooves 103C in the tire lateral direction. Additionally, the region inward of both outer circumferential grooves 103C in the tire lateral direction where the inner land portions 105A are disposed is referred to as center region Ce. That is, the inner land portions 105A are disposed in the center region Ce.
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
According to the pneumatic tire 101, by using the inclination angles θ1, θ2, θ3 of the acute angles of the lateral grooves 104 with respect to the tire circumferential direction, the rigidity of the land portion 105 (inner land portion 105A) closest to the tire equatorial plane CL is reduced, and the rigidity of the land portions 105 (inner land portions 105A) is progressively higher going outward in the tire lateral direction. Thus, the rigidity difference between the tire equator surface CL region and the outer region in the tire lateral direction caused by the circumferential belt 126 is suppressed while obtaining the effect of suppressing the radial growth when the tire is new and thereafter by increasing the circumferential rigidity by using the circumferential belt 126. As a result, the circumferential rigidity of the tread portion 121 across the tire lateral direction can be made uniform and uneven wear can be suppressed, thus the improved uneven wear resistance performance can be provided even with a configuration including the circumferential belt 126.
Note that the inclination angle θ of the acute angle of the lateral groove 104 with respect to the tire circumferential direction is preferably from 50° to 80°. When the inclination angle θ of the acute angle of the lateral groove 104 with respect to the tire circumferential direction approaches 0°, the rigidity of the acute angle portion is weakened, which may cause separation and chipping. When the inclination angle θ of the acute angle of the lateral groove 104 with respect to the tire circumferential direction approaches 90°, rigidity is excessively high and the difference in rigidity between the blocks 151 closer to the tire equatorial plane CL and the blocks 151 located outward in the lateral direction is difficult to differ. Thus, uneven wear resistance performance is reduced. Thus, the inclination angle θ of the acute angle of the lateral groove 104 with respect to the tire circumferential direction is preferably from 50° to 80° to suitably maintain rigidity in the blocks 151. As illustrated in
In the pneumatic tire 101 of the second embodiment, the difference in the inclination angle θ of the acute angle of the lateral groove 104 with respect to the tire circumferential direction of two land portions 105 (inner land portions 105A) adjacent in the tire lateral direction is preferably larger as it goes closer to the tire equatorial plane CL and smaller as it goes closer to the tire lateral direction outer side. As illustrated in
According to the pneumatic tire 101, the difference between the inclination angles θ of the acute angles of the lateral grooves 104 with respect to the tire circumferential direction in the two land portions 105 (inner land portions 105A) adjacent in the tire lateral direction corresponds to the difference in rigidity between the two adjacent land portions 105 (inner land portions 105A). Accordingly, by the difference between the inclination angles θ of the acute angles of the lateral grooves 104 with respect to the tire circumferential direction being larger as it goes closer to the tire equatorial plane CL and smaller as it goes closer to the tire lateral direction outer side, the difference in rigidity between the land portions 105 (inner land portions 105A) adjacent in the tire lateral direction is larger as it goes closer to the tire equatorial plane CL. This allows excessive circumferential rigidity in the tire equatorial plane CL region caused by the circumferential belt 126 to be suppressed. As a result, the circumferential rigidity of the tread portion 121 across the tire lateral direction can further be made uniform and uneven wear can be suppressed, thus the effect of significantly improving uneven wear resistance performance can be provided even with a configuration including the circumferential belt 126.
Note that θ2−θ1 and θ3−θ2 preferably satisfy the relationship 1°≤(θ2−θ1)−(θ3−θ2)≤5°, so that the circumferential rigidity of the tread portion 121 across the tire lateral direction can be further made uniform by the lateral grooves 104.
As illustrated in
In the region outward of the circumferential belt 126 in the tire lateral direction, circumferential rigidity is not high, thus, in this region, it is not necessary to make rigidity uniform by using the inclination angles θ of the acute angles of the lateral grooves 104 with respect to the tire circumferential direction. Accordingly, the center region Ce is preferably disposed within the range of the circumferential belt 126.
Note that the tire lateral direction dimensions Wf, Wg preferably satisfy the relationship Wg/Wf≥1.05, so that the range in which rigidity is made uniform by using the inclination angles θ of the acute angles of the lateral grooves 104 with respect to the tire circumferential direction is sufficiently disposed within the range of the circumferential belt 126.
In the pneumatic tire 101 of the second embodiment, when the pneumatic tire 101 is mounted on a regular rim, inflated to the regular internal pressure, and in an unloaded state, the difference in tire radial direction dimension between both ends in the tire lateral direction of the land portions 105 (inner land portions 105A) is preferably smaller as it goes closer to the tire equatorial plane CL and larger as it goes closer to the tire lateral direction outer side, and a difference in tire radial direction dimension Do of the land portion 105 (inner land portion 105A) located outermost in the tire lateral direction and a difference in tire radial direction dimension Dm of the land portion 105 (inner land portion 105A) adjacent thereto inward in the tire lateral direction preferably satisfy the relationship Do/Dm≥1.5. As illustrated in
Here, “regular rim” refers to a “standard rim” defined by the Japan Automobile Tyre Manufacturers Association Inc. (JATMA), a “Design Rim” defined by the Tire and Rim Association, Inc. (TRA), or a “Measuring Rim” defined by the European Tyre and Rim Technical Organization (ETRTO). “Regular internal pressure” refers to a “maximum air pressure” defined by JATMA, the maximum value in “TIRE LOAD LIMITS AT VARIOUS COLD INFLATION PRESSURES” defined by TRA, or “INFLATION PRESSURES” defined by ETRTO.
According the pneumatic tire 101, the circumferential rigidity is smaller as the difference in tire radial direction dimension between both ends in the tire lateral direction of the land portion 105 (inner land portion 105A) is smaller, and the circumferential rigidity is larger as the difference is lager. Also, in relation to the difference in tire radial direction dimension Do of the land portion 105 (inner land portion 105A) outermost in the tire lateral direction and the difference in tire radial direction dimension Dm of the land portion 105 (inner land portion 105A) adjacent thereto inward in the tire lateral direction, the difference in rigidity is larger as the difference in tire radial direction dimension Do located outward in the tire lateral direction is larger. Accordingly, as the circumferential rigidity is decreased in the land portions 105 (inner land portions 105A) against the increase of the circumferential rigidity in the tire equatorial plane CL region by the circumferential belt 126, the circumferential rigidity is increased in the land portions 105 (inner land portions 105A) against the decrease of the circumferential rigidity in the region outward from the circumferential belt 126, and the difference in rigidity of the land portions 105 in the outer regions in the tire lateral direction are specified by the relationship Do/Dm, a difference in circumferential rigidity in the tire lateral direction in the land portions 105 (inner land portions 105A) caused by the circumferential belt 126 can be suppressed. As a result, the circumferential rigidity of the tread portion 121 across the tire lateral direction can further be made uniform and uneven wear can be suppressed, thus the effect of significantly improving uneven wear resistance performance can be provided even with a configuration including the circumferential belt 126.
Note that the differences in tire radial direction dimension Do, Dm preferably satisfy the relationship Do/Dm≥2.0. This allows the difference in rigidity of the land portions 105 (inner land portions 105A) in outer end regions of the circumferential belt 126 in the tire lateral direction, where the difference in circumferential rigidity is large, to be increased, thus allowing the circumferential rigidity of the tread portion 121 in the tire lateral direction to be further made uniform.
As illustrated in
According to the pneumatic tire 101, in the blocks 151, by the surface area SO of the outer small block 151Ab located closest to the tire lateral direction outer side being greater than the surface area SI of the outer small block 151Ab closest to the tire equatorial plane CL, the rigidity on the side closer to the tire lateral direction outer side in the block 151 can be increased. As a result, the circumferential rigidity of the tread portion 121 across the tire lateral direction can further be made uniform and uneven wear can be suppressed, thus the effect of significantly improving uneven wear resistance performance can be provided even with a configuration including the circumferential belt 126.
Note that the surface areas SI, SO preferably satisfy the relationship 1.03≤SO/SI≤1.10. This ensures that the difference in rigidity in the blocks 151 in the tire lateral direction is not excessive. Additionally, the surface areas SI, SO are not including the sipes 107 described above. In other words, the sipes 107 do not cause variation in rigidity. Thus, as described above, the same number of sipes 107 are provided in each block 151, and all the sipes 107 have the same groove width Wd, groove depth Hd, and groove length Ld.
Furthermore, as illustrated in
According to the pneumatic tire 101, the aspect ratio of the tire circumferential direction dimension L and the tire lateral direction dimension We of the block 151 is configured to the range described above to make it easier for the block 151 to have a difference in rigidity.
Note that the aspect ratio of the tire circumferential direction dimension L and the tire lateral direction dimension We of the block 151 preferably satisfies the range 1.4≤L/We≤1.8. This ensures that the difference in rigidity in the block 151 is not excessive.
For the second examples, performance tests for uneven wear resistance performance were performed on a plurality of types of test tires of different conditions (see
In the performance tests, pneumatic tires (heavy duty pneumatic tires) having a tire size of 445/50R22.5 were mounted on regular rims (22.5″×14.00″) specified by TRA, inflated to the regular internal pressure (830 kPa), and mounted on the trailer axle of a test vehicle (6×4 tractor-trailer).
In the performance test for uneven wear resistance performance, the test vehicle was driven for 10 km, and thereafter, the groove depth of the inner circumferential grooves and the outer circumferential grooves were measured. This difference is measured as the uneven wear amount. The measurement results are expressed as index values and evaluated with the Conventional Example being assigned as the reference (100). In this evaluation, larger values are preferable as they indicate excellent uneven wear resistance performance.
The pneumatic tires according to the Conventional Example and Examples 101 to 118 indicated in
As can be seen from the test results in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016-071205 | Mar 2016 | JP | national |
| 2016-150190 | Jul 2016 | JP | national |
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/087,611, filed on Sep. 21, 2018, which is the National Stage of International Patent Application No. PCT/JP2017/004694, filed on Feb. 9, 2017, which claims the benefit of priority from Japan Patent Application No. 2016-071205, filed on Mar. 31, 2016 and Japan Patent Application No. 2016-150190, filed on Jul. 29, 2016.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20220134807 A1 | May 2022 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16087611 | US | |
| Child | 17577323 | US |
