The present disclosure relates generally to the field of medical diagnostics and more particularly to in vitro medical diagnostic devices including point-of-care in vitro medical diagnostic devices.
There is a recognized and compelling need for the rapid and accurate diagnosis of common infectious diseases in an out-patient setting. This need results from a rapidly emerging trend toward what is sometimes referred to as “patient centric care” in which convenience—along with better health outcomes and low-cost—becomes a key market driver.
The field of in vitro diagnostics is well established, with many manufacturers and a wide spectrum of products and technologies. The testing for infectious pathogens in human patient specimens is largely confined to centralized laboratory testing in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) rated medium-complexity or high-complexity facilities. Commonplace techniques used in such laboratories include traditional culturing of specimens, immunological assaying using Enzyme-Linked Immunosuppressant Assay (ELISA), nucleic acid testing (such as polymerase chain reaction, PCR), and other methods.
In accordance with an illustrative embodiment, a specimen delivery cartridge includes a first housing portion, a second housing portion, a fluid dispenser, and a plunger. The plunger includes a plunger body having a first side and a second side. The second side faces away from the first side. The plunger further includes at least one post extending from the first side of the plunger body. The second side of the plunger body includes at least one actuator that is sized and configured to apply a compressive force onto the fluid dispenser when the plunger is depressed, and the plunger is thereby operable to actuate the fluid dispenser.
In accordance with another illustrative embodiment, a method of dispersing a reagent to a testing substrate includes closing a first housing portion of a specimen delivery cartridge toward a second housing portion of the specimen delivery cartridge. The specimen delivery cartridge further includes a plunger having a post and an actuator, and a fluid dispenser aligned with and proximate to a fluid conduit of the specimen delivery cartridge. The fluid dispenser includes a fluid. The aforementioned step of closing the first housing portion relative to the second housing portion comprises includes delivering a compressive force to depress the post, urging the actuator of the plunger to compress the fluid dispenser, and collapsing the fluid dispenser to urge fluid from the fluid dispenser to the fluid conduit.
In accordance with another illustrative embodiment, a specimen testing system includes a mating adaptor having at least one post actuator extending from a base of a receiving area of the mating adaptor. The system further includes a specimen delivery cartridge having at least one actuation port that is sized and configured to receive the at least one post actuator when the specimen delivery cartridge is inserted into the receiving area. Each actuation port provides access to a fluid dispenser, and the fluid dispenser is operable to release a metered amount of fluid into the specimen delivery cartridge upon being depressed by the post actuator.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the accompanying drawings and from the detailed description that follows below.
The conventional model for infectious disease diagnosis relies heavily on centralized laboratory testing (e.g. culture), which can often take two to four days to provide a reliable result. Applicant performed time-and-motion studies of medical practice and patient flow in the current model of infectious disease diagnosis and compared it to the new model relying on the devices described in this disclosure. A consequence of the conventional model is that patients are not necessarily properly diagnosed on their first visit; nor are they given the correct drug prescription. This results in money wasted on either incorrect or unnecessary prescriptions, inconvenience to patients owing to repeat visits, and even the potential for otherwise treatable illnesses to progress to more serious conditions requiring expensive hospital stays. In addition, it is noted that the over-prescription of antibiotics is not only a cost burden to the healthcare system, but perhaps more importantly may contribute to the increasing frequency of antibiotic resistant strains in the community, which is a national health concern.
There are some rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) on the market today that are suitable for use in an out-patient setting. These RDTs, however, are simple “rule-in/rule-out” tests which do not necessarily inform clinical decision-making. Furthermore, many of these RDT's suffer from poor sensitivity and specificity, making the validity and clinical utility of their results dubious at best.
In diagnosing a patient, it is common for a physician to ask is whether an illness is the consequence of a bacterial or a viral pathogen. The present disclosure relates to a system that is able to provide that answer during the patient visit and with gold-standard accuracy. In this way, the correct diagnosis is obtained, and the best treatment option prescribed.
In point-of-care diagnostics for infectious disease, a premium is placed on the ability to achieve low-complexity and low-cost while substantially improving health outcomes. Further, to leverage the ubiquity of smartphones and other computing devices in common use globally, a mating adaptor may allow for the use of a computing device, such as a smart phone, in connection with a mating adaptor and specimen delivery cartridge, to carry out a test for one or more pathogens. The mating adaptor accommodates the form factor and interfaces of popular computing devices (e.g., smart phones) by providing for a variety of interfaces. Each interface may equate to a customized adaptor that is designed to mate with a particular computing device. However, the adaptor interfaces to the cartridge will generally be identical; meaning that the cartridge will fit to any of a variety of a range of adaptors that accommodate a corresponding range of smart phones or other computing devices.
The specimen delivery cartridge may be considered to be similar in some respects to the cartridge or “specimen delivery apparatus” described in earlier-filed patent application Ser. No. 13/918,877 entitled “Specimen Delivery Apparatus” submitted by applicant, which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Referring now to
A representative specimen delivery cartridge 200 is described in more detail below with regard to
In an embodiment, the specimen delivery cartridge 200 is a sealed device that may receive and process a fluid specimen without exposing the computing device 106 or mating adaptor 102 (described with regard to
The mating adaptor 102 shown is illustrative only and it is noted that different versions of mating adapter may be fabricated to accommodate different types of computing devices on the market. In an embodiment, the computing device 106 is a smart phone, and it is noted that the computing device 106 may be made in any number of dimensional configurations, each corresponding to a separately fabricated smart phone. Similarly, the mating adaptor 102 accommodates any specimen delivery cartridge 110, regardless of the type of specimen used or assay format. In this sense, the mating adapter serves as a universal link for coupling a specimen delivery cartridge to a computing device.
To link the computing device 106 to a specimen delivery cartridge, a user or operator first slides the mating adaptor 102 over the computing device 106. This is a simple action that requires no special training and is intuitively obvious from the shape of the adapter. To prompt the user to take the correct action in forming the link, a visual indicator, such as an arrow pointing in the direction the computing device 106 should be slid to engage the mating adaptor 102, is included on the surface of the mating adapter. A written instruction may also be embossed on the mating adaptor 102 to ensure complete clarity. Similar orienting features may be included on the specimen delivery cartridge 200.
Referring now to
A lower housing body 206 of the specimen delivery cartridge 200 supports and may partially enclose the lower intermediate member 208. Similarly, an upper intermediate member 201, shown as a second planar component, is supported and partially enclosed by an upper housing body 213 of the specimen delivery cartridge 200. A locking mechanism 205 secures the upper housing body 213 to the complimentary lower housing body 206 of the specimen delivery cartridge 200. A swab holder 264 provides for the easy alignment of a swab that may be used to deliver a specimen into the specimen collection chamber 236 as well as to secure positioning of the swab as a result of the snapping of the swab shaft into holder 264. A built-in cutter 262 cuts the swab shaft off upon depression of the cutter button 266.
As described in more detail below, the specimen delivery cartridge may include a plunger that is operable to introduce various reagents necessary for the execution of a particular assay protocol once a swab is positioned within the specimen collection chamber 236. In such an embodiment, certain reagents may be pre-packaged as components contained in the specimen delivery system cartridge 200.
In order to maintain low-complexity operation, a user of the specimen delivery cartridge 200 may not have to be directly involved in measuring, pipetting, introducing, or using reagents separate from the cartridge to perform the assaying steps. To that end, the plunger mechanism may assist in operation of the specimen delivery cartridge 200 by automatically dispensing pre-determined and metered amounts of one or more reagents in to or on to a follow-on device, channel, or substrate.
This automatic operation may be accomplished by the closing of the upper housing body 213 toward the lower housing body 206, which causes the plunger posts 207 to be pushed down a pre-determined distance. With the lower housing body 206 removed (for illustrative purposes), as shown in
As shown in
Referring now to
In the illustrated embodiment, each of the plurality of actuation surfaces 210, 212, 214, 216 are offset by a predetermined distance to correspond to selected order, volume, or rate of discharge (or a combination thereof) of fluid dispensers to be actuated by the actuation surfaces 210, 212, 214, 216. Here, the plunger 209 has a first actuation surface 210 of a particular thickness corresponding to the volume of reagent intended to be dispensed from the corresponding fluid dispenser. The plunger 209 may have a second actuation surface 212 of a particular thickness (the same or different thickness than actuation surface 210). In like manner, the plunger 209 may have a third actuation surface 214 of another particular thickness, and so on to an nth number of actuator surfaces of particular thicknesses.
The plunger 209 may be fabricated from a single piece of material, such as a molded plastic. In other embodiments, however, different surfaces of the plunger 209 may be fabricated from separate materials and later combined into one structure using welds, adhesives, or other joining mechanisms.
The specimen collection chamber 407 is operable to deliver fluid to a subsequent component of the specimen delivery cartridge 400 after the fluid has interacted with the specimen-containing swab. To that end, the specimen collection chamber 407 includes a fluid inlet 412, which may referred to as a fluid inlet orifice, and a fluid outlet 414, which may be referred to as a fluid outlet orifice. The fluid inlet 412 is operable to provide the fluid to the specimen collection chamber 407 and the fluid outlet 414 is operable to drain or otherwise remove the fluid from the specimen collection chamber 407. Each of the fluid inlet 412 and fluid outlet 414 may be an open flow path or may include a one way valve to restrict and direct fluid flow into and out of the specimen collection chamber 407. An elution button 421 is positioned on the backside of the first housing portion 402 and is operable to inject fluids fluid to the specimen collection chamber 407 and to induce roiling, stripping of specimen from swab, mixing, and movement of fluid from the specimen collection chamber 407. In an embodiment, the elution button 421 is an expandable and compressible diaphragm that is operable to manipulate fluid within the specimen collection chamber 407.
The specimen collection chamber 407 includes a swab entry 416 where the shaft of a swab crosses the boundary of the specimen delivery cartridge 400 and is sealed by swab gasket 418 to prevent leaking of fluids in the specimen collection chamber. In some embodiments, the swab gasket 418 has a series of ridges 420 to reduce in serial fashion the pressure drop between the inside of the specimen collection chamber 407 and that of the ambient environment surrounding the specimen delivery cartridge 400. Swab gasket 418 abuts a complimentary chamber gasket 419 that forms a complete seal of the swab inside the specimen delivery cartridge 400. In one embodiment, the swab gasket 418 and chamber gasket 419 are formed by a self-aligned molding process whereby a portion of the structure of the specimen delivery cartridge forms the mold for the gasket material (which can be rubber, synthetic polymer, or other elastomeric material). In accordance with such a process, the each of the swab gasket 418 and chamber gasket 419 may be considered to be an over-molded part. The over-molding process may be implemented using a mold cavity that is configured to receive a portion of the cartridge to which the gasket is affixed, and to use the received portion of the cartridge as a mold surface on which the applicable gasket may then be molded. This type of manufacturing process combines what would typically be an assembly step with the fabrication process of molding, and thereby allows for retention features to be built into the cartridge to better retain the gasket than if the gasket were a purely assembled part. For example, the portion of the surface of the second housing portion 404 that receives the chamber gasket 419 may be scored or etched prior to molding.
In some embodiments, the optical element 540 is operable to capture chemi-luminescent photon emission from the diagnostic substrate 516 such that emitted light is reimaged onto the optical sensor (CMOS/CCD/similar) of the computing device. The optical element 540 may have one or more lenses and one or more filters. In the illustrated embodiment, each colored spot puts out an emission at a colored wavelength (maybe visual spectrum or infrared). The emission is indicative of a test result or detection of a pathogen. An optical sensor, which may be included in the specimen delivery cartridge or accessed using a computing device, is operable to detect the emission to derive a test result. The configuration of the substrate 516 and characteristics of locations on the test strip 520 of the substrate 516 may be configured to detect different pathogens. In such an embodiment, the optical sensor, used in conjunction with the specimen delivery cartridge is operable to detect multiple pathogens simultaneously by detecting multiple wavelengths or multiple positions as a result of previously placed reagents on the test strip 520. The optical result may be stored and analyzed, and can be correlated to lookup table to determine pathogens present.
In another embodiment, a light pipe may be used to transmit light to or from an optical interface that is located at another position on the specimen delivery cartridge that is positioned away from the optical interface 540 but that may correspond to the position of an optical sensor included on a computing device.
It is noted that unless an embodiment is expressly stated as being incompatible with other embodiments, the concepts and features described with respect to each embodiment may be applicable to and applied in connection with concepts and features described in the other embodiments without departing from the scope of this disclosure. To that end, the above-disclosed embodiments have been presented for purposes of illustration and to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the disclosure, but the disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the forms disclosed. Many insubstantial modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosure. The scope of the claims is intended to broadly cover the disclosed embodiments and any such modification.
As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprise” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification and/or the claims, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. In addition, the steps and components described in the above embodiments and figures are merely illustrative and do not imply that any particular step or component is a requirement of a claimed embodiment.
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