Patent Application
20200019013
The present invention relates to a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film; a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film for an in-cell type liquid crystal panel; an in-cell type liquid crystal cell having a touch sensing function incorporated inside the liquid crystal cell; and an in-cell type liquid crystal panel comprising a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film on the viewing side of the in-cell type liquid crystal cell. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal display device provided with a touch sensing function using the in-cell type liquid crystal panel of the present invention can be used as various input display devices such as mobile apparatuses.
Generally, in liquid crystal display devices, polarizing films are bonded to both sides of a liquid crystal cell with a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer interposed therebetween from the viewpoint of image forming system. In addition, ones that mount a touch panel on a display screen of a liquid crystal display device have been put to practical use. As the touch panel, there are various methods such as an electrostatic capacitance type, a resistive film type, an optical type, an ultrasonic type, an electromagnetic induction type and the like, but an electrostatic capacitance type has been increasingly adopted. In recent years, a liquid crystal display device provided with a touch sensing function that incorporates an electrostatic capacitance sensor as a touch sensor unit has been used.
On the one hand, at the time of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device, when bonding the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film to a liquid crystal cell, a release film is peeled from the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film, and static electricity is generated by such peeling. Static electricity is also generated when a surface protective film of the polarizing film stuck to the liquid crystal cell is peeled off or when a surface protective film of the cover window is peeled off. The static electricity generated in this way affects the alignment of the liquid crystal layer inside the liquid crystal display device and causes defects. Generation of static electricity can be suppressed, for example, by forming an antistatic layer on the outer surface of the polarizing film.
On the other hand, the electrostatic capacitance sensor in the liquid crystal display device provided with a touch sensing function detects a weak electrostatic capacitance formed by a transparent electrode pattern and the finger when the user's finger approaches the surface. In the case where a conductive layer such as an antistatic layer is provided between the transparent electrode pattern and the user's finger, the electric field between a driving electrode and a sensor electrode is disturbed, the sensor electrode capacitance becomes unstable and the touch panel sensitivity decreases, causing malfunction. In a liquid crystal display device provided with a touch sensing function, it is required to suppress the occurrence of static electricity and suppress the malfunction of the capacitance sensor. For example, in order to reduce the occurrence of display defects and malfunctions in a liquid crystal display device provided with a touch sensing function for the purpose of solving the above-mentioned problems, it has been proposed to dispose a polarizing film comprising an antistatic layer with a surface resistance value of from 1.0×109 to 1.0×1013 Ω/□ on the viewing side of the liquid crystal layer (Patent Document 1).
Patent Document 1: JP-A-2013-105154
According to the polarizing film having an antistatic layer described in Patent Document 1, generation of static electricity can be suppressed to some extent. However, in Patent Document 1, since the location of the antistatic layer is farther than the position of the liquid crystal cell causing display failure due to static electricity, this case is not effective as compared with the case of providing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer with the antistatic function. Further, it has been found that the in-cell type liquid crystal cell is more easily charged than a so-called on-cell type liquid crystal cell comprising a sensor electrode on the transparent substrate of the liquid crystal cell described in Patent Document 1. In addition, in a liquid crystal display device provided with a touch sensing function using an in-cell type liquid crystal cell, it was found that conduction from the side can be imparted by providing a conduction structure on the side surface of the polarizing film, but when the antistatic layer is thin, the contact area with the conduction structure on the side surface is small, so that sufficient conductivity cannot be obtained, causing conduction failure. On the other hand, it was found that the touch sensor sensitivity decreases as the antistatic layer becomes thicker.
On the other hand, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to which an antistatic function is imparted is effective for suppressing generation of static electricity and preventing static electricity unevenness more than the antistatic layer provided on the polarizing film. However, it was found that when the conductive function of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is enhanced with importance placed on the antistatic function of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, the touch sensor sensitivity is lowered. In particular, it was found that the touch sensor sensitivity is lowered in the liquid crystal display device provided with the touch sensing function using the in-cell type liquid crystal cell. In addition, it was found that the antistatic agent added to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in order to enhance the conductive function segregates at the interface with the polarizing film or causes the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer to become cloudy in a humidified environment (after a humidification reliability test).
An object of the present invention is to provide a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film, an in-cell type liquid crystal cell and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film for an in-cell type liquid crystal panel applied to the viewing side thereof, and an in-cell type liquid crystal panel comprising the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film, which is excellent in adhesiveness between an anchor layer and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and can satisfy a stable antistatic function and touch sensor sensitivity. Another object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device using the in-cell type liquid crystal panel.
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have found that the above problems can be solved by the following pressure sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film, pressure sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film for an in-cell type liquid crystal panel, and in-cell type liquid crystal panel, and have completed the present invention.
Namely, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film of the present invention is a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film comprising a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a polarizing film, wherein:
the polarizing film, an anchor layer, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are provided in this order;
the anchor layer includes a conductive polymer, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer includes an antistatic agent;
the anchor layer has a thickness of from 0.01 to 0.5 μm and a surface resistance value of from 1.0×108 to 1.0×1010 Ω/□;
the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a thickness of from 5 to 100 μm and a surface resistance value of from 1.0×1010 to 1.0×1012 Ω/□; and
a ratio (b/a) of a variation in a surface resistances value on a side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 5 or less, provided that:
the “a” in the ratio b/a represents a surface resistance value on the side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer when peeling a separator immediately after producing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film in a state where the polarizing film is provided with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is provided with the separator; and
the “b” in the ratio b/a represents a surface resistance value on the side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer when peeling the separator after placing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film in a humidified environment of 60° C.×95% RH for 120 hours and further drying the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film at 40° C. for 1 hour, respectively,
In the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film of the present invention, it is preferable that the antistatic agent is an ionic compound having an inorganic cation.
In the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film of the present invention, it is preferable that the ionic compound contains a fluorine-containing anion.
Further, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film for an in-cell type liquid crystal panel according to the present invention is a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film for an in-cell type liquid crystal panel comprising an in-cell type liquid crystal cell comprising a liquid crystal layer including liquid crystal molecules which are homogeneously aligned in the absence of an electric field a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate sandwiching the liquid crystal layer on both sides, and a touch sensing; electrode unit related to a touch sensor and touch-driven functions disposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, wherein:
the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film is disposed on the viewing side of the in-cell type liquid crystal cell;
the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film is disposed between the polarizing film of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film and the in-cell type liquid crystal cell;
the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film is provided with the polarizing film, an anchor layer, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in this order;
the anchor layer includes a conductive polymer, and the pressure sensitive adhesive layer includes an antistatic agent;
the anchor layer has a thickness of from 0.01 to 0.5 μm and a surface resistance value of from 1.0×108 to 1.0×1010 Ω/□;
the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a thickness of from 5 to 100 μm and a surface resistance value of from 1.0×1010 to 1.0×1012 Ω/□; and
a ratio (b/a) of a variation in a surface resistances value on a side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 5 or less, provided that:
the “a” in the ratio b/a represents a surface resistance value on the side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer when peeling a separator immediately after producing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film in a state where the polarizing film is provided with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is provided with the separator; and
the “b” in the ratio b/a represents a surface resistance value on the side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer when peeling the separator after placing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film in a humidified environment of 60° C.×95% RH for 120 hours and further drying the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film at 40° C. for 1 hour, respectively.
In the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film for an in-cell type liquid crystal panel according to the present invention, it is preferable that the antistatic agent is an ionic compound having an inorganic cation.
In the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film for an in-cell type liquid crystal panel according to the present invention, it is preferable that the ionic compound contains a fluorine-containing anion.
In addition, the in-cell type liquid crystal panel of the present invention is an in-cell type liquid crystal panel comprising:
an in-cell type liquid crystal cell comprising a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules which are homogeneously aligned in the absence of an electric field, a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate sandwiching the liquid crystal layer on both sides, and a touch sensing electrode unit related to a touch sensor and touch-driven functions disposed between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate; and
a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film disposed on the side of the first transparent substrate on the viewing side of the in-cell type liquid crystal cell with a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer interposed therebetween; wherein:
the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film is provided with the first polarizing film, an anchor layer, and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in this order;
the anchor layer includes a conductive polymer, and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer includes an antistatic agent;
the anchor layer has a thickness of from 0.01 to 0.5 μm and a surface resistance value of from 1.0×108 to 1.0×1010 Ω/□;
the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer has a thickness of from 5 to 100 μm and a surface resistance value of from 1.0×1010 to 1.0×1012 Ω/□; and
a ratio (b/a) of a variation in a surface resistances value on a side of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 5 or less; provided that:
the “a” in the ratio b/a represents a surface resistance value on the side of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer when peeling a separator immediately after producing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached first polarizing film in a state where the first polarizing film is provided with the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is provided with the separator; and
the “b” in the ratio b/a represents a surface resistance value on the side of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer when peeling the separator after placing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached first polarizing film in a humidified environment of 60° C.×95% RH for 120 hours and further drying the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached first polarizing film at 40° C. for 1 hour, respectively.
In the in-cell type liquid crystal panel of the present invention, it is preferable that the antistatic agent is an ionic compound having an inorganic cation.
In the in-cell type liquid crystal panel of the present invention, it is preferable that the ionic compound contains a fluorine-containing anion.
Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention preferably comprises the in-cell type liquid crystal panel.
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film on the viewing side of the in-cell type liquid crystal panel of the present invention contains a conductive polymer in the anchor layer and an antistatic agent in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and is provided with an antistatic function. Thus, in the in-cell type liquid crystal panel, when a conductive structure is provided on each side of the anchor layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, the polarizing film can be in contact with the conductive structure, and contact area can be sufficiently secured because the anchor layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer each have a predetermined range of thickness. Therefore, the conduction on the side surface of each of the anchor layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be ensured, so that the occurrence of electrostatic unevenness due to the conduction failure can be suppressed.
Further, in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film of the present invention, the surface resistance value of each of the anchor layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is controlled within a predetermined range, and the ratio of the variation in the surface resistance value on a side of the (first) pressure-sensitive adhesive layer before and after humidification is also controlled to be within a predetermined range. Thus, without lowering the touch sensor sensitivity, each surface resistance value of the anchor layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is reduced to be able to impart a predetermined antistatic function. Further, by controlling the surface resistance value of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer within a predetermined range, it is possible and useful to obtain antistatic properties while suppressing the amount of the antistatic agent used, and to suppress the occurrence of cloudiness. Therefore, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing the present invention can satisfy the touch sensor sensitivity while having a good antistatic function.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in
As the first polarizing film, one comprising a transparent protective film on one side or both sides of a polarizer is generally used.
The polarizer is not particularly limited but various kinds of polarizers may be used. Examples of the polarizer include a film obtained by uniaxial stretching after a dichromatic substance, such as iodine and dichroic dye, is adsorbed to a hydrophilic high molecular weight polymer film, such as polyvinyl alcohol-based film, partially formalized polyvinyl alcohol-based film, and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer-based partially saponified film, a polyene-based alignment film, such as dehydrated polyvinyl alcohol and dehydrochlorinated polyvinyl chloride, and the like. Among them, a polarizer composed of a polyvinyl alcohol-based film and a dichroic substance such as iodine is suitable. Thickness of these polarizers is not particularly limited but is generally about 80 μm or less.
As a polarizer, a thin polarizer with a thickness of 10 μm or less can be used. From the viewpoint of thinning, the thickness is preferably from 1 to 7 μm. It is preferable that such a thin polarizer has less unevenness in thickness, excellent visibility, and less dimensional change, so it is excellent in durability, and furthermore, the thickness as a be reduced.
As a material constituting the transparent protective film, for example, a thermoplastic resin excellent in transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier property, isotropy, and the like is used. Specific examples of such thermoplastic resin include cellulose resin such as triacetyl cellulose, polyester resin, polyether sulfone resin, polysulfone resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyolefin resin, (meth)acrylic resin, cyclic polyolefin resin (norbornene-based resin), polyarylate resin, polystyrene resin, polyvinyl alcohol resin, and mixtures thereof. In addition, a transparent protective film is bonded together by an adhesive layer on one side of the polarizer, but a (meth)acrylic, urethane-based, acrylic urethane-based, epoxy-based, or silicone-based thermosetting resin or an ultraviolet curable resin can be used on the other side as the transparent protective film. The transparent protective film may contain one or more appropriate additives.
The adhesive used to bond the polarizer and the transparent protective film is not particularly limited as long as such adhesive is optically transparent, and various aqueous, solvent-based, hot melt-based radical curable, or cationic curable types are used. However, aqueous adhesives or radical curable type adhesives are preferred.
The first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer constituting the in-cell type liquid crystal panel of the present invention has a thickness of 5 to 100 μm and a surface resistance value of from 1.0×1010 to 1.0×1012 Ω/□. Such first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is characterized by containing an antistatic agent.
The thickness of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is from 5 to 100 μm, preferably from 5 to 50 μm, and more preferably from 10 to 35 μm, from the viewpoint of securing durability and securing a contact area with the conduction structure on the side surface.
The surface resistance value of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is from 1.0×1010 to 1.0×1012 Ω/□, preferably 1.0×1010 to 8.0×1011 Ω/□, and more preferably from 2.0×1010 to 6.0×1011 Ω/□. By adjusting the surface resistance value of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer within the range, the amount of the antistatic agent used in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is suppressed, and the occurrence of cloudiness and the decrease in adhesiveness with the anchor layer due to the amount of the antistatic agent used in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be suppressed, which is a preferred embodiment.
The in-cell type liquid crystal panel of the present invention is characterized in that the ratio (b/a) of the variation in the surface resistance value on the side of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is 5 or less, provided that:
the “a” in the ratio b/a represents a surface resistance value on the side of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer when peeling a separator immediately after producing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached first polarizing film in a state where the first polarizing film is provided with the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is provided with the separator; and
the “b” in the ratio b/a represents a surface resistance value on the side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer when peeling the separator after placing the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film in a humidified environment of 60° C.×95% RH for 120 hours and further drying the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film at 40° C. for 1 hour, respectively. When the ratio (b/a) of the variation exceeds 5, the antistatic function of the layer composed of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the anchor layer in a humidified environment is lowered. The ratio (b/a) of the variation is 5 or less, preferably 4.5 or less, more preferably 4 or less, still more preferably 0.4 to 3.5, most preferably, 0.4 to 2.5.
It is preferable that the surface resistance value on the side of the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film satisfy an antistatic function of an initial value (room temperature standing condition: 23° C.×65% RH) and after humidification (e.g., allowed to stand at 60° C.×95% RH for 120 hours), and is controlled to 2.0×108 to 1.0×1011 Ω/□ so as not to reduce the touch sensor sensitivity and not to reduce the durability under humidification and heating environment. The surface resistance value can be adjusted by controlling the surface resistance value of each of the anchor layer and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (single body). Such surface resistance value is more preferably from 6.0×108 to 3.0×1010 Ω/□, still more preferably from 8.0×108 to 6.0×1010 Ω/□.
As a pressure-sensitive adhesive for forming the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, various pressure-sensitive adhesives can be used. Examples of the pressure-sensitive adhesives include rubber based pressure-sensitive adhesives, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives, silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, urethane-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, vinyl alkyl ether-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyvinylpyrrolidone-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, polyacrylamide-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, cellulose-based pressure-sensitive adhesives, and the like. A pressure-sensitive adhesive base polymer is selected depending on the kind of the pressure-sensitive adhesives. Among the pressure-sensitive adhesives described above, an acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive is preferably used from the viewpoints of excellent optical transparency, suitable adhesive properties such as wettability, cohesiveness, and adhesion property, as well as excellent weather resistance, heat resistance and the like.
The acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive contains a (meth)acrylic polymer as a base polymer. The (meth)acrylic polymer usually contains, as a monomer unit, an alkyl (meth)acrylate as a main component. Incidentally, (meth)acrylate refers to acrylate and/or methacrylate and the “(meth)” in the present invention is used in the same meaning.
As the alkyl (meth)acrylate constituting the main skeleton of the (meth)acrylic polymer, linear or branched alkyl groups each having 1 to 18 carbon atoms can be exemplified. These can be used alone or in combination. The average number of carbon atoms of these alkyl groups is preferably from 3 to 9.
From the viewpoints of adhesive properties, durability, adjustment of retardation, adjustment of refractive index, and the like, an alkyl (meth)acrylate containing an aromatic ring, such as phenoxyethyl (meth)acrylate and benzyl (meth)acrylate, can be used as a copolymerization monomer.
The (meth)acrylic polymer has a polymerizable functional group having an unsaturated double bond such as a (meth)acryloyl group or a vinyl group for the purpose of improving adhesion property and heat resistance. One or more kinds of copolymerizable monomers can be introduced into the (meth)acrylic polymer by copolymerization. Specific examples of such copolymerizable monomer include hydroxyl group-containing monomers, such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, 3-hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl (meth)acrylate, 8-hydroxyoctyl (meth)acrylate, 10-hydroxydecyl (meth)acrylate, 12-hydroxylauryl (meth)acrylate, and (4-hydroxymethyl-cyclohexyl)-methyl acrylate; carboxyl group-containing monomers, such as (meth)acrylic, acid, carboxyethyl (meth)acrylate, carboxypentyl (meth)acrylate, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, and crotonic acid; acid anhydride group-containing monomers, such as maleic acid anhydride and itaconic acid anhydride; caprolactone adduct of acrylic acid; sulfonic acid group-containing monomers, such as styrene sulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, 2-(meth)acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, (meth)acrylamidopropane sulfonic acid, sulfopropyl (meth)acrylate, and (meth)acryloyloxy-naphthalene sulfonic acid; phosphoric acid group-containing monomers such as 2-hydroxyethyl acryloyl phosphate; and the like.
In addition, examples of a monomer usable for the purpose of property modification include: (N-substituted) amide-based monomers, such as (meth)acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl (meth)acrylamide, N-butyl (meth)acrylamide, N-methylol (meth)acrylamide, and N-methylolpropane (meth)acrylamide; alkylaminoalkyl-based (meth)acrylate monomers, such as aminoethyl (meth)acrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, and t-butylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate; alkoxyalkyl-based (meth)acrylate monomers, such as methoxyethyl (meth)acrylate and ethoxyethyl (meth)acrylate; succinimide-based monomers, such as N-(meth)acryloyloxy-methylene succinimide, N-(meth)acryloyl-6-oxyhexamethylene succinimide, N-(meth)acryloyl-8-oxyoctamethylene succinimide, and N-acryloylmorpholine; maleimide-based monomers, such as N-cyclohexyl maleimide, N-isopropyl maleimide, N-lauryl maleimide, and N-phenyl maleimide; itaconimide-based monomers such as N-methyl itaconimide, N-ethyl itaconimide, N-butyl itaconimide, N-octyl itaconimide, N-2-ethylhexyl itaconimide, N-cyclohexyl itaconimide, and N-lauryl itaconimide; and the like.
As the modifying monomer (copolymer), it is also possible to use a vinyl-based monomer, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, methylvinylpyrrolidone, vinylpyridine, vinylpiperidone, vinylpyrimidine, vinylpiperazine, vinylpyrazine, vinylpyrrole, vinylimidazole vinyloxazole, vinylmorpholine, N-vinyl-carboxylic acid amides styrene, α-methylstyrene, and N-vinylcaprolactam; a cyanoacrylic monomer, such as acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; an epoxy group-containing acrylic monomer, such as glycidyl (meth)acrylate; a glycol-based acrylic ester monomer, such as polyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate, methoxyethylene glycol (meth)acrylate, and methoxypolypropylene glycol (meth)acrylate; an acrylic acid ester-based monomer, such as tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth)acrylate, fluoro (meth)acrylate, silicone (meth)acrylate, and 2-methoxyethyl acrylate; and the like. Further, isoprene, butadiene, isobutylene, vinyl ether, and the like can be mentioned as the modifying monomer.
Further, examples of the copolymerizable monomers (copolymerization monomers) other than the above include a silane-based monomer containing a silicon atom. Examples of the silane-based monomer include 3-acryloxypropyl-triethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 4-vinylbutyltrimethoxysilane, 4-vinylbutyltriethoxysilane, 8-vinyloctyltrimethoxysilane, 8-vinyloctyltriethoxysilane, 10-methacryloyloxydecyltrimethoxysilane, 10-acryloyloxydecyltrimethoxysilane, 10-methacryloyloxydecyl-triethoxysilane, 10-acryloyloxydecyltriethoxysilane, and the like.
As the copolymerizable monomer, it is also possible to use a polyfunctional monomer having two or more unsaturated double bonds of a (meth)acryloyl group, a vinyl group or the like, such as an esterified substance of (meth)acrylic acid and polyalcohol, wherein the esterified substance includes: tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, bisphenol A diglycidyl ether di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate, and caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol hexa(meth)acrylate; and polyester (meth)acrylate, epoxy (meth)acrylate and urethane (meth)acrylate obtained by adding, as the same functional group as that in the monomer component, two or more unsaturated double bonds of a (meth)acryloyl group, a vinyl group or the like, respectively, to polyester, epoxy and urethane as a backbone.
The (meth)acrylic polymer contains an alkyl (meth)acrylate as a main component and the proportion thereof at the weight ratio with respect to all the constituent monomers is preferably from 60 to 90% by weight, more preferably from 65 to 83% by weight, still more preferably from 70 to 85% by weight. By using the alkyl (meth)acrylate as a main component, excellent adhesive properties are achieved, which is preferable.
In the (meth)acrylic polymer, the weight ratio of the copolymerizable monomer with respect to all the constituent monomers is preferably from 10 to 40% by weight, more preferably from 12 to 35% by weigh, still more preferably from 15 to 30% by weight.
Among these copolymerizable monomers, the hydroxyl group-containing monomer and the carboxyl group-containing monomer are preferably used from the viewpoints of adhesion property and durability. Further, the hydroxyl group-containing monomer and the carboxyl group-containing monomer can be used in combination. In the case where the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition contains a crosslinking agent, these copolymerizable monomers serve as a reactive site with the crosslinking agent. The hydroxyl group-containing monomer and the carboxyl group-containing monomer are sufficiently reactive with an intermolecular crosslinking agent, so that such a monomer is preferably used to enhance cohesion property and heat resistance of a resulting pressure-sensitive adhesive layer. The hydroxyl group-containing monomer is preferable from the viewpoint of reworkability, and the carboxyl group-containing monomer is preferable from the viewpoint of achieving both durability and reworkability.
In the case of containing the hydroxyl group-containing monomer as the copolymerizable monomer, the content thereof is preferably from 0.01 to 15% by weight, more preferably from 0.05 to 10% by weight, still more preferably from 0.1 to 5% by weight. Further, in the case of containing the carboxyl group-containing monomer as the copolymerizable monomer, the content thereof is preferably from 0.01 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.1 to 5% by weight, still more preferably from 0.2 to 1% by weight.
The (meth)acrylic polymer of the present invention usually has a weight average molecular weight in the range of 1,000,000 to 2,500,000. Considering durability, particularly, heat resistance, the weight average molecular weight is preferably from 1,200,000 to 2,000,000. A weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more is preferable from the viewpoint of heat resistance. In addition, when the weight average molecular weight is more than 2,500,000, the pressure-sensitive adhesive tends to be hard, and peeling tends to occur. The weight average molecular weight (Mw)/number average molecular weight (Mn) showing molecular weight distribution is preferably from 1.8 to 10, more preferably from 1.8 to 7, still more preferably from 1.8 to 5. When the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) exceeds 10, such distribution is not preferable in terms of durability. In addition, the weight average molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) are measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) and are determined from the value calculated by polystyrene conversion.
As regards production of the (meth)acrylic polymer, it is possible to appropriately select one of conventional production methods such as solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, emulsion polymerization and various radical polymerizations. The resulting (meth)acrylic polymer may be any type of copolymers such as a random copolymer, a block copolymer, and a graft copolymer.
As an antistatic agent used for formation of a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, there are exemplified materials which can provide antistatic properties, such as ionic compounds, ionic surfactants, conductive polymers, and electroconductive microparticles. Among these ionic compounds are preferable in terms of compatibility with the base polymer and transparency of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.
Examples of the ionic surfactant include cationic surfactants (for example, quaternary ammonium salt type, phosphonium salt type, sulfonium salt type, etc.), anionic surfactants (carboxylic acid type, sulfonate type, sulfate type, phosphate type, phosphite type, etc.), amphoteric surfactants (sulfobetaine type, alkylbetain type, alkylimidazolium betaine type, etc.) or nonionic surfactants (polyhydric alcohol derivative, β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound, sorbitan fatty acid monoester/diester, polyalkylene oxide derivative, amine oxide, etc.).
Examples of the conductive polymer include polymers of polyaniline type, polythiophene type, polypyrrole type, polyquinoxaline type, and the like, among which polymers such as polyaniline and polythiophene are preferably used. Polythiophene is particularly preferable.
As the conductive microparticles, metal oxides such as tin oxide type, antimony oxide type, indium oxide type, zinc oxide type and the like can be listed. Of these, the tin oxide type is preferable. Examples of tin oxide type materials include antimony-doped tin oxide, indium-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped tin oxide, tungsten-doped tin oxide, titanium oxide-cerium oxide-tin oxide complex, titanium oxide-tin oxide complex and the like, in addition to tin oxide. The average particle diameter of the microparticles is about 1 to 100 nm, preferably 2 to 50 nm.
Further, as the antistatic agents other than those described above, there are exemplified acetylene black, ketjen black, natural graphite, artificial graphite, and titanium black, and a homopolymer of a monomer having an ion conductive group such as cation type (quaternary ammonium salt etc.), amphoteric type (betaine compound etc.), anion type (sulfonic acid salt etc.) or nonionic type (glycerin etc.), or a copolymer of the monomer and another monomer, and an ion conductive polymer having a site derived from an acrylate or a methacrylate having a quaternary ammonium base; and a permanent antistatic agent of a type in which a hydrophilic polymer such as a polyethylene methacrylate copolymer is alloyed to an acrylic resin or the like.
In addition, as the ionic compound, an inorganic cation-anion salt and/or an organic cation-anion salt can be preferably used, and a particularly preferable embodiment is to use an inorganic cation-anion salt. An ionic compound (inorganic cation-anion salt) containing an inorganic cation is more preferable than an organic cation-anion salt, because the inorganic cation-anion salt can suppress a decrease in adhesiveness (an anchoring force) between the anchor layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and this is more preferable. In the present invention, “inorganic cation-anion salt” generally indicates an alkali metal salt formed from an alkali metal cation and an anion, and the alkali metal salt includes organic salts and inorganic salts of alkali metals. The term “organic cation-anion salt” as used in the present invention refers to an organic salt in which the cation moiety is composed of an organic substance, and the anion moiety may be an organic substance or an inorganic substance. The “organic cation-anion salt” is also referred to as an ionic liquid or an ionic solid. Moreover, as an anion component which constitutes an ionic compound, it is preferable to use a fluorine-containing anion from the point of an antistatic function.
As an alkali metal ion which constitutes the cation moiety of an alkali metal salt, each ion of lithium, sodium, and potassium is mentioned. Among these alkali metal ions, lithium ion is preferable.
The anion moiety of the alkali metal salt may be composed of an organic substance or an inorganic substance. Examples of the anion moiety constituting the organic salt include CH3COO−, CF3COO−, CH3SO3−, CF3SO3−, (CF3SO2)3C−, C4F9SO3−, C3F7COO−, (CF3SO2) (CF3CO)N−, −O3S(CF2)3SO3−, PF6−, CO32−, and the following general formulas (1) to (4):
Specific examples of the alkali metal organic salt include preferably sodium acetate, sodium alginate, sodium lignin sulfonate, sodium toluene sulfonate, LiCF3SO3, Li(CF3SO2)2N, Li(CF3SO2)2N, Li(C2F5SO2)2N, Li(C4F9SO2)2N, Li(CF3SO2)3C, KO3S(CF2)3SO3K, and LiO3S(CF2)3SO3K. Of these, LiCF3SO3, Li(FSO3)2N, Li(CF3SO2)2N, Li(C2F5SO2)2N, Li(C4F9SO2)2N, Li(CF3SO2)3C, and the like are preferable, and fluorine-containing lithium imide salts such as Li(CF3SO2)2N, Li(C2F5SO2)2N, and Li(C4F9SO2)2N are more preferable, and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide are particularly preferable.
Moreover, as an inorganic salt of an alkali metal, there are exemplified lithium perchlorate and lithium iodide.
The organic cation-anion salt used in the present invention is composed of a cation component and an anion component, and the cation component is composed of an organic substance. Specific examples of the cation component include a pyridinium cation, a piperidinium cation, a pyrrolidinium cation, a cation having a pyrroline skeleton, a cation having a pyrrole skeleton, an imidazolium cation, a tetrahydro-pyrimidinium cation, a dihydropyrimidinium cation, a pyrazolium cation, a pyrazolinium cation, a tetraalkylammonium cation, a trialkylsulfonium cation, a tetraalkylphosphonium cation, and the like.
Examples of the anion component to be used include Cl−, Br−, I−, AlCl4−, Al2Cl7−, BF4−, PF6−, ClO4−, NO3−, CH3COO−, CF3COO−, CH3SO3−, CF3SO3−, (CF3SO2)3C−, AsF6−, SbF6−, NbF6−, TaF6−, (CN)2N−, C4F9SO3−, C3F7COO−, (CF3SO2) (CF3CO)N−, −O3S(CF2)3SO3−, and the following general formulas (1) to (4):
In addition to the inorganic cation-anion salt (alkali metal salt) and the organic cation-anion salt, examples of the ionic compound include inorganic salts such as ammonium chloride, aluminum chloride, copper chloride, ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, ammonium sulfate and the like. These ionic compounds can be used singly or in combination of two or more thereof.
Although the amount of each of the pressure-sensitive adhesive and the antistatic agent used depends on the type of the pressure-sensitive adhesive and the antistatic agent, the surface resistance value of the obtained first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is controlled to be within a range of from 1.0×1010 to 1.0×1012 Ω/□. For example, an antistatic agent (for example, in the case of an ionic compound) is preferably used in a range of from 0.05 to 8 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of a base polymer (for example, a (meth)acrylic polymer) of a pressure-sensitive adhesive. It is preferable to use the antistatic agent in the range in order to improve antistatic performance. On the other hand, if the amount of the antistatic agent is more than 8 parts by weight, there is a fear that the precipitation and segregation of the antistatic agent and the problem of forming cloudiness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may occur when the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and the in-cell type liquid crystal panel including the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer are exposed under humidified conditions. Thus, such a case is not desirable. In addition, there is a possibility that the adhesiveness (an anchoring force) between the anchor layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may decrease and foaming and peeling may occur in a humidified or heated environment, resulting in insufficient durability, which is not desirable. Further, the amount of the antistatic agent to be used is preferably 0.1 parts by weight or more, and more preferably 0.2 parts by weight or more. In order to satisfy the durability, the antistatic agent is preferably used in an amount of 6 parts by weight or less, and more preferably 4 parts by weight or less.
The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition for forming the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can contain a crosslinking agent corresponding to the base polymer. For example, when a (meth)acrylic polymer is used as the base polymer, an organic crosslinking agent or a polyfunctional metal chelate can be used as the crosslinking agent. Examples of the organic crosslinking agent include isocyanate type crosslinking agents, peroxide type crosslinking agents, epoxy type crosslinking agents, imine type crosslinking agents and the like. The polyfunctional metal chelate is one in which a polyvalent metal is covalently or coordinately bonded to an organic compound. As the polyvalent metal atom, there can be mentioned, for example, Al, Cr, Zr, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, V, Zn, In, Ca, Mg, Mn, Y, Ce, Sr, Ba, Mo, La, Sn, Ti. The covalently or coordinately bonded atom in the organic compound may be an oxygen atom. Examples of the organic compound include alkyl esters, alcohol compounds, carboxylic acid compounds, ether compounds, ketone compounds, and the like.
The amount of the crosslinking agent to be used is preferably 3 parts by weight or less, more preferably from 0.01 to 3 parts by weight, still more preferably from 0.02 to 2 parts by weight, even still more preferably from 0.03 to 1 part by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the (meth)acrylic polymer.
The pressure-sensitive adhesive composition for forming a first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer may contain a silane coupling agent and other additives. For example, polyether compounds of polyalkylene glycol such as polypropylene glycol, powders such as colorants and pigments, dyes, surfactants, plasticizers, tackifiers, surface lubricants, leveling agents, softeners, antioxidants, anti-aging agents, light stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, polymerization inhibitors, inorganic or organic fillers, metal powder, particulates, foil-like materials, and the like. In addition, a redox system in which a reducing agent is added may be adopted within a controllable range. These additives are preferably used in an amount of 5 parts by weight or less, more preferably 3 parts by weight or less, still more preferably 1 part by weight or less, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the (meth)acrylic polymer.
The anchor layer constituting the in-cell type liquid crystal panel of the present invention is characterized by including a conductive polymer and having a thickness of from 0.01 to 0.5 μm and a surface resistance value of from 1.0×108 to 1.0×1010 Ω/□.
The thickness of the anchor layer is preferably from 0.01 to 0.5 μm, more preferably from 0.01 to 0.4 μm, still more preferably from 0.02 to 0.3 μm, from the viewpoints of stability of the surface resistance value, and adhesiveness with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, as well as from the viewpoint of stability of the antistatic function by securing the contact area with the conduction structure.
The surface resistance value of the anchor layer is preferably from 1.0×108 to 1.0×1010 Ω/□, more preferably from 1.0×108 to 8.0×109 Ω/□, still more preferably from 2.0×108 to 6.0×109 Ω/□, from the viewpoints of the antistatic function and the touch sensor sensitivity. In particular, since the anchor layer has conductivity (antistatic property), the antistatic function is excellent as compared with the case where the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer alone provides the antistatic property, and it is also possible to reduce the amount of the antistatic agent used to a small amount. Therefore, this is a preferable embodiment from the viewpoint of durability and defects of appearance such as precipitation and segregation of the antistatic agent and occurrence of cloudiness in a humidified environment. In addition, in the case where the conduction structure is provided on the side surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached first polarizing film that constitutes an in-cell type liquid crystal panel, since the anchor layer has conductivity, it is preferable that a contact area with the conduction structure can be secured as the antistatic layer (conductive layer) as compared with the case where the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer alone provides the antistatic property, resulting in obtaining an excellent antistatic function.
The conductive polymers are preferably used from the viewpoints of optical properties, appearance, antistatic effect, and stability of antistatic effects during heating or humidification. In particular, conductive polymers such as polyaniline and polythiophene are preferably used. Those which are soluble in an organic solvent or water or are dispersible in water can be appropriately used as a conductive polymer, but a water-soluble conductive polymer or a water-dispersible conductive polymer is preferably used. The water-soluble conductive polymer and the water-dispersible conductive polymer can be prepared as an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion of a coating liquid for forming the antistatic layer and the coating liquid does not need to use a nonaqueous organic solvent. Thus, deterioration of the optical film substrate due to the organic solvent can be suppressed. The aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion may contain an aqueous solvent, in addition to water. For example, it is possible to use alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, n-amyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol, sec-amyl alcohol, tert-amyl alcohol, 1-ethyl-1-propanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, n-hexanol, and cyclohexanol.
In addition, it is preferable that the water-soluble conductive polymer or the water-dispersible conductive polymer such as polyaniline and polythiophene has a hydrophilic functional group in the molecule. Examples of the hydrophilic functional group include a sulfone group, an amino group, an amide group, an imino group, a quaternary ammonium salt group, a hydroxyl group, a mercapto group, a hydrazine group, a carboxyl group, a sulfate group, a phosphate group, or salts thereof. By having a hydrophilic functional group in the molecule, the conductive polymer is easily dissolved in water or easily dispersed to microparticles in water, thereby to be able to easily prepare the water-soluble conductive polymer or water-dispersible conductive polymer. In addition, when using a polythiophene-based polymer, a polystyrene sulfonic acid is normally used in combination.
Examples of commercially available water-soluble conductive polymers include polyaniline sulfonic acid (weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene: 150,000, manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.) and the like. Examples of commercially available water-dispersible conductive polymers include polythiophene-based conductive polymers (tradename: DENATRON series, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation) and the like.
As a material for forming the anchor layer, a binder component, can be added together with the conductive polymer for the purpose of improving the film forming property of the conductive polymer, the adhesiveness to an optical film, and the like. In the case where the conductive polymer is an aqueous material such as a water-soluble conductive polymer or a water-dispersible conductive polymer, a water-soluble or water-dispersible binder component is used. Examples of the binder include oxazoline group-containing polymers, polyurethane-based resins, polyester-based resins, acrylic resins, polyether-based resins, cellulose-based resins, polyvinyl alcohol-based resins, epoxy resins, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polystyrene-based resins, polyethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, and the like. In particular, polyurethane-based resins, polyester-based resins and acrylic resins are preferred. One or two or more kinds of these binders can be appropriately used according to the intended application.
The amount of each of the conductive polymer and the binder to be used is preferably controlled so that the surface resistance value of the resulting anchor layer is within a range of from 1.0×108 to 1.0×1010 Ω/□ depending on the kind of the conductive polymer and the binder.
The surface treatment layer can be provided, for example, on the side of the first polarizing film where the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not provided. The surface treatment layer can be provided on a transparent protective film used for the first polarizing film or can be provided separately from the transparent protective film. As the surface treatment layer, there can be provided a hard coat layer, an antiglare layer, an antireflective layer, an anti-sticking layer, and the like.
The surface treatment layer is preferably a hard coat layer. As a material for forming the hard coat layer, for example, a thermoplastic resin or a material which is cured by beat or radiation can be used. Examples of such materials include thermosetting resins and radiation-curable resins such as ultraviolet curable resins and electron beam curable resins Among them, ultraviolet curable resins are preferred, which can efficiently form a cured resin layer by a simple processing operation at the time of curing by ultraviolet radiation. Examples of such curable resins include a variety of resins such as polyester-based resins, acrylic resins, urethane-based resins, amide-based resins, silicone-based resins, epoxy-based resins, and melamine-based resins, including monomers, oligomers, and polymers hereof. In particular, radiation curable resins, specifically ultraviolet curable resins are preferred, because of high processing speed and less thermal damage to the base material. The ultraviolet curable resin to be preferably used is, for example, one having an ultraviolet-polymerizable functional group, particularly one containing an acrylic monomer or oligomer component having or more, particularly 3 to 6 of such functional groups. In addition, a photopolymerization initiator is blended in the ultraviolet curable resin.
Further, as the surface treatment layer, an antiglare treatment layer or an antireflection layer can be provided for the purpose of improving visibility. An antiglare layer and an antireflection layer may be provided on the hard coat layer. The constituent material of the antiglare treatment layer is not particularly limited, and for example, a radiation curable resin, a thermosetting resin, a thermoplastic resin, or the like can be used. As the antireflection layer, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, silicon oxide, magnesium fluoride or the like is used. Multiple layers can be provided for the antireflection layer. Other examples of the surface treatment layer include an anti-sticking layer and the like.
The surface treatment layer can be provided with conductivity by including an antistatic agent. As the antistatic agent, those exemplified above can foe used.
In the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned layers, an easy adhesion layer is provided on a side of the surface of the anchor layer of the first polarizing film or various easy adhesion treatments such as corona treatment and plasma treatment can be applied thereto.
In-cell type liquid crystal cell B and in-cell type liquid crystal panel C will be described below.
As shown in
As shown in
On the other hand, as shown in
The touch sensing electrode unit may be disposed between the liquid crystal layer 20 and the first transparent substrate 41 or the second transparent substrate 42. Each of
As shown in
Note that a driving electrode in the touch sensing electrode unit (the touch driving electrode 32, the electrode 33 integrally formed with the touch sensor electrode and the touch driving electrode) can also serve as a common electrode for controlling the liquid crystal layer 20.
As the liquid crystal layer 20 used for the in-cell type liquid crystal cell B, a liquid crystal layer containing liquid crystal molecules homogeneously aligned in the absence of an electric field is used. As the liquid crystal layer 20, for example, an IPS type liquid crystal layer is suitably used. Besides, for the liquid crystal layer 20, for example, any type of liquid crystal layer, such as TN type, STN type, π type, VA type or the like, can be used. The thickness of the liquid crystal layer 20 is, for example, about from 1.5 μm to 4 μm.
As described above, the in-cell type liquid crystal cell B has the touch sensing electrode unit related to the touch sensor and the touch-driven functions in the liquid crystal cell and does not have the touch sensor electrode outside the liquid crystal cell. That is, a conductive layer (the surface resistance value is 1×1013 Ω/□ or less) is not provided on the viewing side (the liquid crystal cell side of the first pressure sensitive adhesive layer 2 of the in-cell type liquid crystal panel C) from the first transparent substrate 41 of the in-cell type liquid crystal cell B. Incidentally, in the in-cell type liquid crystal panel C shown in
Examples of the material for forming the transparent substrate include glass or polymer film. Examples of the polymer film include polyethylene terephthalate, polycycloolefin, polycarbonate, and the like. When the transparent substrate is formed of glass, its thickness is, for example, about from 0.1 mm to 1 mm. When the transparent substrate is formed of a polymer film, its thickness is, for example, about from 10 μm to 200 μm. The transparent substrate may have an easy adhesion layer or a hard coat layer on its surface.
The touch sensing electrode unit is formed as a transparent conductive layer from the touch sensor electrode 31 (electrostatic capacitance sensor) and the touch driving electrode 32, or from the electrode 33 integrally formed with the touch sensor electrode and the touch driving electrode. The constituent material of the transparent conductive layer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metals such as gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, aluminum, nickel, chromium, titanium, iron, cobalt, tin magnesium, and tungsten, and alloys thereof. Examples of the constituent material of the transparent conductive layer include metal oxides such as oxides of metals (e.g. indium, tin, zinc, gallium, antimony, zirconium, and cadmium) specifically including indium oxide, tin oxide, titanium oxide, cadmium oxide, and a mixture of these metal oxides. Other metal compounds such as copper iodide and the like are used. The metal oxide may further contain an oxide of the metal atom shown in the above group, if necessary. Fear example, indium oxide (ITO) containing tin oxide, tin oxide containing antimony, etc. are preferably used, and ITO is particularly preferably used. The ITO preferably contains from 80 to 90% by weight of indium oxide and from 1 to 20% by weight of tin oxide.
The electrode (the touch sensor electrode 31, the touch driving electrode 32, and the electrode 33 formed integrally with the touch sensor electrode and the touch driving electrode) relating to the touch sensing electrode unit can be formed as a transparent electrode pattern usually on the inside of the first transparent substrate 41 and/or the second transparent substrate 42 (on the side of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the in-cell type liquid crystal cell B) by a conventional method. The transparent electrode pattern is usually electrically connected to a lead wiring (not shown) formed at an end portion of the transparent substrate, and the lead wiring is connected to a controller IC (not shown). The shape of the transparent electrode pattern may be any shape such as a stripe shape or a rhombic shape, in addition to a comb shape, depending on the application. The height of the transparent electrode pattern is, for example, from 10 nm to 100 nm and the width is from 0.1 mm to 5 mm.
(In-Cell type Liquid Crystal Panel C)
As shown in
As the second polarizing film 11, those described for the first polarizing film 1 can be used. The second polarizing film 11 to be used may be the same as or different from the first polarizing film 1.
For forming the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 12, the pressure-sensitive adhesive described for the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 can be used. The pressure-sensitive adhesive used for forming the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 12 may be the same as or different from the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2. The thickness of the second pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 12 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, approximately from 1 to 100 μm, preferably from 2 to 50 μm, more preferably from 2 to 40 μm, and still more preferably from 5 to 35 μm.
In an in-cell type liquid crystal panel C, a conduction structure 50 can be provided on the side surfaces of the anchor layer 3 and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film A. The conduction structure 50 may be provided on the entire side surface of the anchor layer 3 and the first pressure -sensitive adhesive layer 2 or may be provided on a part thereof in the case where the conduction structure is provided in part, it is preferable that the conduction structures is provided in a proportion of preferably 1 area % or more, more preferably 3 area % or Fiore, of the area of the side surface order to ensure conduction on the side surface. In addition to the above, as shown in
It is possible to suppress the occurrence of static electricity by connecting an electric potential to the other suitable portion from the side surface of the anchor layer 3 and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2 by the conduction structure 50. As a material for forming the conduction structures 50 and 51, for example, a conductive paste such as silver paste, gold paste or other metal paste can be mentioned, and other conductive adhesives or any other suitable conductive materials can be used. The conduction structure 50 can be formed, for example, in a linear shape extending from the side surface of the anchor layer 3 and the first pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 2. The conduction structure 51 can also be formed in the same linear shape.
In addition, the first polarizing film 1 disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal layer 20, and the second polarizing film 11 disposed on the side opposite to the viewing side of the liquid crystal layer 20 can be used by laminating other optical films, depending on the suitability of each arrangement position. As the other optical film which may be used for forming a liquid crystal display device or the like, there are exemplified those capable of forming an optical film layer, such as a reflector, an anti-transmission plate, a retardation film (including wavelength plates such as ½ and ¼), a visual compensation film, and a brightness enhancement film. These can be used in one layer or in two or more layers.
The liquid crystal display device using the in-cell type liquid crystal panel (liquid crystal display device with a built-in touch sensing function) of the present invention can use appropriately members which form a liquid crystal display device, such as those using a backlight or reflector for lighting system.
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of Production Examples and Examples, but the present invention is not limited by these Examples. All parts and % in each Example are based on weight. The following “initial value” (room temperature standing condition) is a value in a state left standing at 23° C.×65% RH and the value “after humidification” refers to a value measured after placing in a humidified environment of 60° C.×95% RH for 120 hours and further drying at 40° C. for 1 hour.
The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of a (meth)acrylic polymer was measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography). The molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was also measured in the same manner.
An 80-μm thick polyvinyl alcohol film was stretched up to 3 times while being stained for 1 minute in a 0.3% iodine solution at 30° C. between rolls with different speed ratios. Thereafter, the film was stretched to a total stretching ratio of 6 times while being immersed in an aqueous solution containing 4% boric acid and 10% potassium iodide at 60° C. for 0.5 minutes. Subsequently, after washing the film by immersing in an aqueous solution containing 1.5% potassium iodide at 30° C. for 10 seconds, drying was performed at 50° C. for 4 minutes, to obtain a 30 μm-thick polarizer. A 25 μm-thick saponified triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film on one side of the polarizer, and a corona-treated 13 μm-thick cycloolefin polymer (COP) film on another side were bonded together with an ultraviolet curable acrylic adhesive to prepare a polarizing film.
Corona treatment (0.1 kw, 3 m/min, 300 mm width) was performed as an easy adhesion treatment on the anchor layer-formed surface side (cyclo-olefin polymer (COP) film side) of the polarizing film.
A solution (8.6 parts) containing, as a solid content, 30 to 90% by weight of an urethane-based polymer and 10 to 50% by weight of a thiophene-based polymer (trade name: DENATRON P-580W, manufactured by Nagase ChemteX Corporation), 1 part of a solution containing 10 to 70% by weight of an oxazoline group-containing acrylic polymer and 10 to 70% by weight of polyoxyethylene group-containing methacrylate (trade name: EPOCROS WS-700, manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.), and 90.4 parts of water were mixed to prepare a coating solution for forming an anchor layer having a solid content concentration of 0.5% by weight.
The coating solution for forming an anchor layer was applied to one side (corona treated side) of the polarizing film such that the thickness after drying becomes the thickness shown in Table 1, and dried at 80° C. for 2 minutes to form an anchor layer.
A monomer mixture containing 73.3 parts of butyl acrylate (BA), 21 parts of phenoxyethyl acrylate (PEA), 5 parts of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), 0.3 parts of acrylic acid (AA) and 0.4 parts of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA) was charged into a four-necked flask equipped with a stirring blade, a thermometer, a nitrogen gas inlet tube and a condenser. To 100 parts (solid content) of the monomer mixture, 0.1 parts of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as a polymerization initiator were charged together with 100 parts of ethyl acetate, and nitrogen gas was introduced thereto with gentle stirring. After purging the inside of the flask with nitrogen gas, a polymerization reaction was carried out for 8 hours while keeping the liquid temperature in the flask at around 55° C. to prepare a solution of an acrylic polymer 1 having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1,600,000 and a ratio Mw/Mn of 3.8.
A monomer mixture containing 77 parts of butyl acrylate (BA), 20 parts of phenoxyethyl acrylate (PEA), and 3 parts of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate (HBA) was charged into a four-necked flask equipped with a stirring blade, a thermometer, a nitrogen gas inlet tube and a condenser. To 100 parts (solid content) of the monomer mixture, 0.1 parts of 2,2′-azobisisobutyro-nitrile as a polymerization initiator were charged together with 100 parts of ethyl acetate, and nitrogen gas was introduced thereto with gentle stirring. After purging the inside of the flask with nitrogen gas, a polymerization reaction was carried out for 8 hours while keeping the liquid temperature in the flask at around 55° C. to prepare a solution of an acrylic polymer 2 having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1,700,000 and a ratio Mw/Mn of 3.4.
An ionic compound in an amount (solid content, active ingredient) shown in Table 1 was blended with 100 parts (solid content) of the acrylic polymer solution obtained above, and 0.1 parts of an isocyanate crosslinking agent (TAKENATE D160N, trimethylolpropane hexamethylene diisocyanate, manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.), 0.3 parts of benzoyl peroxide (NYPER BMT, manufactured by NOF Corporation), and 0.2 parts of γ-glycidoxypropylmethoxysilane (KBM-403, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added thereto to prepare a solution of acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition used in each of Examples and Comparative Examples.
Abbreviations of the ionic compounds described in Table 1 are as follows.
Li-TFSI: Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, an alkali metal salt.
TBMA-TFSI: Tributylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, manufactured by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation, an ionic liquid (an organic cation-anion salt).
EMI-FSI: 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., an ionic liquid (an organic cation-anion salt).
Next, the solution of the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive composition was applied onto one side of a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film treated with a silicone-based release agent (separator film: MRF 38, manufactured by Mitsubishi Polyester Film Corp.) such that the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer after drying has a thickness shown in Table 1, and dried at 155° C. for 1 minute to form a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on the surface of the separator film. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was transferred to a polarizing film on which an anchor layer was formed.
An anchor layer and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer were sequentially formed on one side (corona-treated side) of the polarizing film obtained above by the combination shown in Table 1 to produce a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film.
In Comparative Example 6, no ionic compound was blended in preparing the pressure-sensitive adhesive composition.
The following evaluation was performed about the anchor layer, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film which were obtained by the Example and Comparative Examples. The evaluation results are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film obtained in each of Examples and Comparative Examples was cut into 25 mm width×50 mm length. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer surface of the polarizing film was bonded so that the vapor deposition surface of a 50 μm-thick polyethylene terephthalate film was in contact with the vapor deposition surface of the vapor deposition film having indium tin oxide vapor deposited thereon. Thereafter, the end portion of the polyethylene terephthalate film was peeled off by hand, and after confirming that the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was attached to the polyethylene terephthalate film side, a tensile tester (Autograph AG-1 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) was used. Anchoring force (adhesiveness) (N/25 mm) of the polarizing film and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the anchor layer and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer in a room temperature atmosphere (25° C.) during 180° peeling and a tensile speed of 300 mm/min was measured.
The anchoring force is preferably 10 N/25 mm or more, more preferably 15 N/25 mm or more, and still more preferably 18 N/25 mm or more. If the anchoring force is less than 10 N/25 mm, the adhesiveness is weak and defects causing a problem may occur as follows: adhesive deficiency and adhesive staining may occur at the end portion when handling the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film, or peeling may occur in durability, or peeling may occur when the liquid crystal display device is dropped.
(i) The surface resistance value of the anchor layer was measured on the anchor layer side surface of the anchor layer attached polarizing film before forming the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (see Table 1).
(ii) The surface resistance value of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was measured on the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer formed on the separator film (see Table 1).
(iii) The surface resistance value on a side of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was obtained by peeling the separator film from the obtained pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film, and then measuring the surface resistance value on the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer (see Table 2).
The measurement was made using a device MCP-HT450 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd. The surface resistance value (i) is a value after measurement for 10 seconds at an applied voltage of 10 V. The surface resistance values (ii) and (iii) are values after measurement for 10 seconds at an applied voltage of 250 V
The ratio (b/a) of the variation in Table 2 is a value calculated from the surface resistance value (a) of “initial value” and the surface resistance value (b) of “after humidification” (a value rounded to one decimal place).
In addition, as an index that is less likely to cause a decrease in the antistatic function or a decrease in the touch sensor sensitivity, the value with a smaller ratio of the variation was evaluated as being preferable based on the following criteria. In addition, the evaluation result which becomes a problem in practical use is indicated as ×.
⊙: The ratio of the variation exceeds 0.3 and is 2 or less.
∘: The ratio of the variation exceeds 0.1 and is 0.3 or less or exceeds 2 and is 5 or less.
×: The ratio of the variation is 0.1 or less or exceeds 5.
In Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, a separator film was peeled off from the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film and then the polarizing film was bonded to the viewing side of an in-cell type liquid crystal cell as shown in
Next, a silver paste having a width of 5 mm was applied to the side surface portion of the bonded polarizing film so as to cover each side surface portion of the polarizing film, the anchor layer, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and connected to a ground electrode from the outside.
In Reference Example 1, the separator film was peeled off from the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film and then the polarizing film was bonded to the viewing side (sensor layer) of an on-cell type liquid crystal cell.
The liquid crystal display device panel was set on a backlight device, and an electrostatic discharge gun was shot onto the polarizing film surface on the viewing side at an applied voltage of 12 kV, and the period until disappearance of white voids due to electricity was measured, and this was taken as “initial value” according to the following criteria. Regarding the value “after humidification”, judgment was made similarly to “initial value” according to the following criteria. The evaluation result causing a problem in practical use is indicated as ×.
⊙: The period until disappearance of white voids due to electricity is within 3 seconds.
∘: The period until disappearance of white voids due to electricity is more than 3 seconds and within 10 seconds.
×: The period until disappearance of white voids due to electricity is more than 10 seconds.
In Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6, a lead wiring (not shown) at the peripheral portion of a transparent electrode pattern inside an in-cell type liquid crystal cell was connected to a controller IC (not shown), and in Reference Example 1, a lead wiring at the peripheral portion of a transparent electrode pattern on the vie wing side of an on-cell type liquid crystal cell was connected to a controller IC, thereby to fabricate a liquid crystal display device with a built-in touch sensing function. In a state where an input display device of the liquid crystal display device with a built-in touch sensing function is used, visual observation was carried out to confirm the presence or absence of malfunctions.
∘: No malfunction occurred
×: Malfunction occurred
The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film obtained in each of Examples and Comparative Examples was cut into a size of 50 mm×50 mm, and after peeling off a separator film, the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the polarizing film was bonded to alkali glass (thickness: 1.1 mm, manufactured by Matsunami Glass Ind., Ltd.) and autoclaved at 50° C. for 15 minutes under a pressure of 5 atm to give a measurement sample for a cloudiness test. The measurement sample was placed in an environment of 60° C.×95% RH for 120 hours, then taken out at room temperature, and the haze value after 10 minutes was measured. The haze value was measured using a haze meter HM150 manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory Co., Ltd.
∘: The haze value is 10 or less, which is no problem in practical use.
×: The haze value exceeds 10, which is a problematic level in practical use.
From the evaluation results of Tables 1 and 2 above, it was confirmed that the adhesiveness, the antistatic property, the suppression of electrostatic unevenness, the touch sensor sensitivity, and the cloudiness preventing property under humidification are excellent in all the Examples. On the other hand, in Comparative Examples, the surface resistance value of the anchor layer or of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was not included in the predetermined range, and thus satisfactory ones for all the evaluations were not obtained. In particular, in Comparative Example 5, the thickness of the anchor layer is thick and the surface resistance value falls below a predetermined range, and malfunction due to abnormality in touch sensor sensitivity occurs. In Comparative Example 6, since an antistatic agent was not blended to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, it was confirmed that electrostatic unevenness occurs, and it takes time until white voids due to conduction failure disappears. In Reference Example 1, when applied to an on-cell type liquid crystal cell, a decrease in touch sensor sensitivity was confirmed.
A Pressure-sensitive adhesive layer attached polarizing film
B In-cell type liquid crystal cell
C In-cell type liquid crystal panel
1, 11 First and second polarizing films
2, 12 First and second pressure-sensitive adhesive layers
3 Anchor layer
4 Surface treatment, layer
20 Liquid crystal layer
31 Touch sensor electrode
32 Touch driving electrode
33 Touch driving electrode and sensor electrode
41, 42 First and second transparent substrates
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2017-063990 | Mar 2017 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2018/012808 | 3/28/2018 | WO | 00 |
