Patent Grant
10312846
The present invention relates to a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in which a number of poles is changed while driving in order to secure high torque and high output power over a wide range of rotational speeds, and a driving method for the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine.
Pole-number-changing rotary electric machines in which a number of poles is changed while driving in order to secure high torque and high output power over a wide range of rotational speeds are known as rotary electric machines to be used in electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and the like.
In one such conventional pole-number-changing rotary electric machine (see PTL 1, for example), three-phase coils are divided into two equal parts, and terminals are provided at ends of each coil except for a connecting portion, such that the coils having been divided into two equal parts form, for each phase, three phases and four poles. With PTL 1, in the case of two-pole drive, excitation coils in each slot are connected in series, and in the case of four-pole drive, connections of external coils of the excitation coils having been split into two equal parts are inverted and a power supply connection of the excitation coils of two phases is switched.
Further, in a separate conventional pole-number-changing rotary electric machine (see PTL 2, for example), six coils are arranged at 60-degree intervals, and mutually opposing coils are configured as a winding for one phase by being connected to each other so as to have the same polarity. With PTL 2, pole number changing of a rotary electric machine is performed by switching a phase sequence of a power supply voltage applied to three sets of three-phase windings configured in this way.
However, the problems described below exist in the prior art.
With the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine of PTL 1, a winding changeover mechanism for pole changing is required; hence, a number of parts increases and the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine becomes expensive.
Further, with PTL 2, a current phase degree of freedom, which is a number of current phases used in stator slots that corresponds to one pole pair, is three during high polarity, thus a winding factor is reduced and torque-current characteristics during high polarity deteriorate.
The present invention has been made to solve the abovementioned problems, and an object thereof is to obtain a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine that, without using a winding changeover mechanism, has excellent torque-current characteristics even during high polarity, and a driving method for the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine.
A pole-number-changing rotary electric machine according to the present invention includes a rotary electric machine provided with a stator in which stator slots are arranged at regular intervals in a mechanical angle direction and a rotor rotated by magnetomotive forces generated by a current flowing through stator coils housed in the stator slots; an n-group inverter for supplying an m-phase current to the stator coils; and a control unit for controlling the n-group inverter, each of the magnetomotive forces corresponding to the stator slots being arranged at regular intervals, and a number of poles in the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine being changed between a time of high polarity driving and a time of low polarity driving, wherein the control unit controls current phases of the current flowing through the stator coils such that a current phase degree of freedom, which is a number of current phases per pole pair controllable by the n-group inverter, is equal to a number of groups n×a number of phases m/2 at the time of high polarity driving and the number of groups n×the number of phases m at the time of low polarity driving, where the number of groups n is a multiple of 4 and the number of phases m is a natural number of 3 or more and relatively prime to the number of groups n.
Further, a driving method for a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine according to the present invention is a driving method for a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine that includes a rotary electric machine provided with a stator in which stator slots are arranged at regular intervals in a mechanical angle direction and a rotor rotated by magnetomotive forces generated by a current flowing through stator coils housed in the stator slots; an n-group inverter for supplying an m-phase current to the stator coils; and a control unit for controlling the n-group inverter, each of the magnetomotive forces corresponding to the stator slots being arranged at regular intervals, and a number of poles in the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine being changed between a time of high polarity driving and a time of low polarity driving, wherein the control unit includes a current supply step in which an m-phase current is supplied to the stator coils by the n-group inverter, and in the current supply step, at the time of low polarity driving, current phases of the current flowing through the stator coils are controlled such that a current phase degree of freedom, which is a number of current phases per pole pair controllable by the n-group inverter, is equal to a number of groups n×a number of phases m, where the number of groups n is a multiple of 4 and the number of phases m is a natural number of 3 or more and relatively prime to the number of groups n and, at the time of high polarity driving, the current phases of the current flowing into the stator coils are changed such that the current phase degree of freedom is equal to the number of groups n×the number of phases m/2.
With the present invention, current phases flowing through stator coils are switch controlled such that a current phase degree of freedom, which is a number of current phases per pole pair controllable by an n-group inverter, is equal to a number of groups n×a number of phases m/2 during high polarity and the number of groups n×the number of phases m during low polarity, where the number of groups n is a multiple of 4 and the number of phases m is a natural number of 3 or more and relatively prime to the number of groups n. As a result, it is possible to obtain a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine that, without using a winding changeover mechanism, has excellent torque-current characteristics even during high polarity, and a driving method for the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine.
Preferred embodiments of a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine and a driving method for the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the present invention will be described hereinafter using the drawings. Note that identical or corresponding parts in each drawing will be denoted by identical reference numerals.
First, a configuration of a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in a first embodiment will be described.
The stator 6 of the rotary electric machine 1 shown in
The rotor 10 of the rotary electric machine 1 shown in
The rotary electric machine 1 is driven by an m-phase inverter constituted by n groups (not shown).
The stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 of the first embodiment have, as shown in
That is to say, a first group (a1, b1, c1) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 21, a second group (a2, b2, c2) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 22, a third group (a3, b3, c3) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 23, and a fourth group (a4, b4, c4) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 24. Here, a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2, a3, b3, c3, a4, b4, and c4 are output line codes indicating a type of output line from the inverters to the motor.
Further, adjacent current phases in the first group (a1, b1, c1) are each separated by a phase difference of 360°/3=120°. The same applies to the second group (a2, b2, c2), the third group (a3, b3, c3), and the fourth group (a4, b4, c4).
The control unit 3 is provided with, as hardware, a storage device 4 on which a program is stored, and a processor 5 for executing the program stored on the storage device 4. The control unit 3 is realized as, for example, a processing circuit such as a system LSI.
The storage device 4 includes a volatile storage device such as a random access memory and a nonvolatile auxiliary storage device such as a flash memory or a hard disk.
The processor 5 executes the program stored on the storage device 4. As the storage device 4 includes a volatile storage device and an auxiliary storage device, the processor 5 inputs the program from the auxiliary storage device via the volatile storage device.
Note that the processor 5 may output data such as calculation results to the volatile storage device of the storage device 4 or may store data in the auxiliary storage device via the volatile storage device.
Further, in the control unit 3, the abovementioned functions may be executed through cooperation between a plurality of processors 5 and a plurality of storage devices 4, or through cooperation among a plurality of processing circuits. The abovementioned functions may also be executed through cooperation between a combination of a plurality of processors 5 and a plurality of storage devices 4, and a plurality of processing circuits.
A number of stator slots=48 of the stator slots 8 are arranged in the stator 6 at regular intervals in the mechanical angle direction, and the stator coils 9 are housed in the stator slots 8. The stator teeth 7 are formed between the adjacent stator slots 8. Note that
The stator slots 8 are actually divided between an outer diameter side and an inner diameter side of the stator 6 such that, in many cases, some of the stator coils 9 having mutually different current phases are housed in the outer diameter side of the stator 6 and some of the stator coils having mutually different current phases are housed in the inner diameter side of the stator 6, however,
The control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 24 controls current phases flowing into the stator coils 9 such that current phase arrangements of the current flowing through the stator coils 9 during high polarity and during low polarity reflect the current phase arrangements shown in
More specifically, the control unit 3 controls current phases of the current flowing through the stator coils 9 such that, in
Note that, although
As a result, in
Next, an operation of the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the first embodiment will be described. Table 1 shows a current phase order of the current supplied to the rotary electric machine 1 by the inverters 21 to 24 in the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine according to the first embodiment of the present invention. The control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 24 switch controls the current phases of the current flowing into the stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 in accordance with Table 1.
W
2
V
2
U
2
U
3
W
3
V
3
Hence, switching control of the current phase arrangement of the stator coils 9 so as to reflect the current phase arrangement shown in
The horizontal axis in
Note that, for the magnetomotive force waveforms shown in
It can be understood that, when a spatial order of a slot half cycle (#1-#24) is k (k being a natural number), the magnetomotive force waveform during high polarity shown in
In other words, it can be understood that the control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 24 switch controls the current phases of the current flowing into the stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 in accordance with Table 1, whereby switching control of the current phase arrangement of the stator coils 9 between high polarity (8 poles), and low polarity (4 poles) is realized.
Note that the absolute values of the magnetomotive forces generated by the stator coils 9 and corresponding to each of the stator slots 8 do not necessarily all have to be the same. Any configuration in which a magnetomotive force waveform during low polarity is a waveform mainly including a spatial order of k with respect to a waveform during high polarity including a spatial order of 2 k is sufficient.
Next, effects of the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the first embodiment will be described. In the rotary electric machine 1 of the first embodiment shown in
Hence, with the first embodiment, as the current phase degree of freedom, which is the number of current phases per pole pair controllable by the n-group inverter, is 6 at the time of high polarity driving, the current phase degree of freedom can be improved over conventional pole-number-changing rotary electric machines (in PTL 2, for example, a current phase degree of freedom=3). As a result, a phase difference between mutually adjacent different current phases can be set to 360°/6=60°, allowing a winding factor of the rotary electric machine 1 to be improved.
A specific winding factor is calculated by finding the product of a distributed winding factor and a short winding factor, however, with the first embodiment, the short winding factor=1, so the distributed winding factor is equal to the winding factor. Here, the distributed winding factor kwd is expressed by equation (1) below using q, which is the number of stator slots that correspond to each pole/each phase.
Kwd=sin(π/6)/(q×sin(π/6q)) (1)
In the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine shown in
With the first embodiment, a winding factor and the current phase degree of freedom during high polarity can be improved in this way, such that, even during high polarity, excellent torque-current characteristics can be obtained.
Moreover, just by switch controlling the current phases flowing into the stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 in accordance with table 1, the control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 24 realizes, without the addition of a winding changeover mechanism, a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine, allowing a number of parts and an increase in cost to be suppressed.
Specifically, in hybrid vehicles or the like that propel a vehicle by assisting a driving force of an engine using a motor, when a propulsive force of a vehicle is constant, vehicles receiving a larger amount of assistance from the motor are able to manage with a smaller engine driving force, allowing fuel economy performance to be improved.
For example, when a vehicle accelerates from a stationary state or a low-speed running state using a constant propulsive force, by changing current phases to reflect high polarity, excellent torque-current characteristics can be obtained not only at low-speed running when a rotational frequency of the engine is low, but also at high-speed running when the rotational frequency of the engine is high, allowing fuel economy performance to be improved.
As described above, with the first embodiment, current phases flowing into the stator coils are switch controlled such that the current phase degree of freedom, which is the number of current phases per pole pair controllable by the inverters 21 to 24, is equal to the number of groups n×the number of phases m/2=6 during high polarity, and the number of groups n×the number of phases m=12 during low polarity. As a result, a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine that, without using a winding changeover mechanism, has excellent torque-current characteristics even during high polarity, and a driving method for the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine, can be obtained.
First, a configuration of the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the second embodiment will be described. Stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 of the second embodiment have, as shown in
That is to say, a first group (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 21, a second group (a2, b2, c2, d2, e2) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 22, a third group (a3, b3, c3, d3, e3) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 23, and a fourth group (a4, b4, c4, d4, e4) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 24. Here, in the same way as in the first embodiment, d1, e1, d2, e2, d3, e3, d4, and e4, are output line codes indicating a type of output line from the inverters to the motor.
Further, adjacent current phases in the first group (a1, b1, c1, d1, e1) are each separated by a phase difference of 360°/5=72°. The same applies to the second group (a2, b2, c2, d2, e2), the third group (a3, b3, c3, d3, e3), and the fourth group (a4, b4, c4, d4, e4).
A number of stator slots=20 stator slots 8 are arranged in a stator 6 at regular intervals in the mechanical angle direction, and the stator coils 9 are housed in the stator slots 8.
The control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 24 controls current phases flowing into the stator coils 9 such that current phase arrangements of the current flowing through the stator coils 9 during high polarity and during low polarity reflect the current phase arrangements shown in
More specifically, the control unit 3 controls current phases of the current flowing through the stator coils 9 such that, in
Note that, although
Next, an operation of the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the second embodiment will be described. Table 2 shows a current phase order of the current supplied to the rotary electric machine 1 by the inverters 21 to 24 in the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 24 switch controls the current phases of the current flowing into the stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 in accordance with Table 2.
B
2
E
2
C
2
A
2
D
2
A
3
D
3
B
3
E
3
C
3
Hence, switching control of the current phase arrangement of the stator coils 9 so as to reflect the current phase arrangement shown in
Note that, for the magnetomotive force waveforms shown in
It can be understood that, when a spatial order of a slot full cycle (#1-#20) is k (k being a natural number), the magnetomotive force waveform during high polarity shown in
In other words, it can be understood that the control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 24 switch controls the current phases of the current flowing into the stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 in accordance with Table 2, whereby switching control of the current phase arrangement of the stator coils 9 between high polarity (4 poles), and low polarity (2 poles) is realized.
Next, effects of the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the second embodiment will be described. In the rotary electric machine 1 of the second embodiment shown in
Hence, with the second embodiment, as the current phase degree of freedom, which is the number of current phases per pole pair controllable by the n-group inverter, is 10 at the time of high polarity driving, the current phase degree of freedom can be improved over conventional pole-number-changing rotary electric machines (in PTL 2, for example, a current phase degree of freedom=5). As a result, a phase difference between mutually adjacent different current phases can be set to 360°/10=36°, allowing a winding factor of the rotary electric machine 1 to be improved.
In the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine shown in
As described above, with the second embodiment, the current phases flowing into the stator coils are switch controlled such that the current phase degree of freedom, which is the number of current phases per pole pair controllable by the inverters 21 to 24, is equal to the number of groups n×the number of phases m/2=10 during high polarity, and the number of groups n×the number of phases m=20 during low polarity. As a result, a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine that, without using a winding changeover mechanism, has excellent torque-current characteristics even during high polarity, and a driving method for the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine, can be obtained.
Stator coils 9 of a rotary electric machine 1 according to a third embodiment have, as shown in
First, a configuration of a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the third embodiment will be described. The stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 of the third embodiment have, as shown in
That is to say, a first group (a1, b1, c1) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 21, a second group (a2, b2, c2) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 22, a third group (a3, b3, c3) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 23, and a fourth group (a4, b4, c4) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 24.
Further, adjacent current phases in the first group (a1, b1, c1) are each separated by a phase difference of 360°/3=120°. The same applies to the second group (a2, b2, c2), the third group (a3, b3, c3), and the fourth group (a4, b4, c4).
A number of stator slots=12 stator slots 8 are arranged in a stator 6 at regular intervals in the mechanical angle direction, and the stator coils 9 are housed in the stator slots 8.
A control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 24 controls current phases flowing into the stator coils 9 such that current phase arrangements of the current flowing through the stator coils 9 during high polarity and during low polarity reflect the current phase arrangements shown in
More specifically, the control unit 3 controls current phases of the current flowing through the stator coils 9 such that, in
Next, an operation of the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the third embodiment will be described. Table 3 shows a current phase order of the current supplied to the rotary electric machine 1 by the inverters 21 to 24 in the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine according to the third embodiment of the present invention. The control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 24 switch controls the current phases of the current flowing into the stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 in accordance with Table 3.
Hence, switching control of the current phase arrangement of the stator coils 9 so as to reflect the current phase arrangement shown in
Note that, for the magnetomotive force waveforms shown in
It can be understood that, when a spatial order of a slot full cycle (#1-#12) is k (k being a natural number), the magnetomotive force waveform during high polarity shown in
In other words, it can be understood that the control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 24 switch controls the current phases of the current flowing into the stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 in accordance with Table 3, whereby switching control of the current phase arrangement of the stator coils 9 between high polarity (4 poles), and low polarity (2 poles) is realized.
Next, effects of the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the third embodiment will be described. In the rotary electric machine 1 of the third embodiment shown in
Hence, with the third embodiment, as a current phase degree of freedom, which is the number of current phases per pole pair controllable by the n-group inverter, is 6 at the time of high polarity driving, the current phase degree of freedom can be improved over conventional pole-number-changing rotary electric machines (in PTL 2, for example, a current phase degree of freedom=3). As a result, a phase difference between mutually adjacent different current phases can be set to 360°/6=60°, allowing a winding factor of the rotary electric machine 1 to be improved.
In the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine shown in
As described above, with the third embodiment, the current phases flowing into the stator coils are switch controlled such that the current phase degree of freedom, which is the number of current phases per pole pair controllable by the inverters 21 to 24, is equal to the number of groups n×the number of phases m/2=6 during high polarity, and the number of groups n×the number of phases m=12 during low polarity. As a result, a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine that, without using a winding changeover mechanism, has excellent torque-current characteristics even during high polarity, and a driving method for the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine, can be obtained.
Stator coils 9 of a rotary electric machine 1 according to a fourth embodiment have, as shown in
First, a configuration of a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the fourth embodiment will be described. The stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 of the fourth embodiment have, as shown in
That is to say, a first group (a1, b1, c1) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 21, a second group (a2, b2, c2) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 22, a third group (a3, b3, c3) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 23, a fourth group (a4, b4, c4) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 24, a fifth group (a5, b5, c5) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 25, a sixth group (a6, b6, c6) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 26, a seventh group (a7, b7, c7) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 27, and an eighth group (a8, b8, c8) of the stator coils 9 are connected to the inverter 28.
Further, adjacent current phases in the first group (a1, b1, c1) are each separated by a phase difference of 360°/3=120°. The same applies to the second group (a2, b2, c2), the third group (a3, b3, c3), the fourth group (a4, b4, c4), the fifth group (a5, b5, c5), the sixth group (a6, b6, c6), the seventh group (a7, b7, c7), and the eighth group (a8, b8, c8).
A number of stator slots=24 stator slots 8 are arranged in a stator 6 at regular intervals in the mechanical angle direction, and the stator coils 9 are housed in the stator slots 8.
A control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 28 controls current phases flowing into the stator coils 9 such that current phase arrangements of the current flowing through the stator coils 9 during high polarity and during low polarity reflect the current phase arrangements shown in
More specifically, the control unit 3 controls the current phases of the current flowing through the stator coils 9 such that, in
Next, an operation of the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the fourth embodiment will be described. Table 4 shows a current phase order of the current supplied to the rotary electric machine 1 by the inverters 21 to 28 in the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. The control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 28 switch controls the current phases of the current flowing into the stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 in accordance with Table 4.
Hence, switching control of the current phase arrangement of the stator coils 9 so as to reflect the current phase arrangement shown in
Note that, for the magnetomotive force waveforms shown in
It can be understood that, when a spatial order of a slot full cycle (#1-#24) is k (k being a natural number), the magnetomotive force waveform during high polarity shown in
In other words, it can be understood that the control unit 3 of the inverters 21 to 28 switch controls the current phases of the current flowing into the stator coils 9 of the rotary electric machine 1 in accordance with Table 4, whereby switching control of the current phase arrangement of the stator coils 9 between high polarity (4 poles), and low polarity (2 poles) is realized.
Next, effects of the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine in the fourth embodiment will be described. In the rotary electric machine 1 of the fourth embodiment shown in
Hence, with the fourth embodiment, as a current phase degree of freedom, which is the number of current phases per pole pair controllable by the n-group inverter, is 12 at the time of high polarity driving, the current phase degree of freedom can be improved over conventional pole-number-changing rotary electric machines (in PTL 2, for example, a current phase degree of freedom=3). As a result, a phase difference between mutually adjacent different current phases can be set to 360°/12=30°, allowing a winding factor of the rotary electric machine 1 to be improved.
In the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine shown in
As described above, with the fourth embodiment, the current phases flowing into the stator coils are switch controlled such that the current phase degree of freedom, which is the number of current phases per pole pair controllable by the inverters 21 to 28, is equal to the number of groups n×the number of phases m/2=12 during high polarity, and the number of groups n×the number of phases m=24 during low polarity. As a result, a pole-number-changing rotary electric machine that, without using a winding changeover mechanism, has excellent torque-current characteristics even during high polarity, and a driving method for the pole-number-changing rotary electric machine, can be obtained.
In addition, by configuring stator slots 8 such that, with the number of stator slots 8 being ns, ns/(a number of groups n×a number of phases m) is equal to a natural number, a number of stator slots corresponding to each pole/each phase can be set to a natural number, allowing interference between different current phases in the slots to be suppressed.
Moreover, in
In the first embodiment, a number of stator slots is set to 48 and the number of the stator slots corresponding to each pole/each phase during high polarity is set to 2, however, this is not necessarily the case, and any configuration in which a distributed winding factor during high polarity is expressed by the abovementioned equation (1) is sufficient. For example, pole number changing between 2 poles and 4 poles may also be realized by setting the number of stator slots to 12 and the number of the stator slots corresponding to each pole/each phase during high polarity to 1, and switching the respective wiring destinations, i.e. inverters 21 to 24, to which each pole pair is connected, for each pole pair.
Further, there is no limit on a number of rotor slots and a number of secondary conductors of a rotor 10, and a number of rotor slots and a number of secondary conductors of the rotor 10 are not limited to the numbers indicated in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015-006929 | Jan 2015 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2016/050993 | 1/14/2016 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016/114353 | 7/21/2016 | WO | A |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6008616 | Nagayama | Dec 1999 | A |
| 20030102764 | Kusase | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20050029890 | Kadoya | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20080197739 | Nashiki | Aug 2008 | A1 |
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| 2004-064893 | Feb 2004 | JP |
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| International Search Report dated Mar. 8, 2016 in PCT/JP2016/050993, filed Jan. 14, 2016. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20170366129 A1 | Dec 2017 | US |
