Patent Application
20110193485
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a control system for a poly-chromatic light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system, particularly to a control system for a poly-chromatic light-emitting diode lighting system with lighting forward and junction temperature feedback control.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The Light Emitting Diode (LED) has many advantages, such as small volume, high lighting efficiency, quick response speed, long life, low power consumption, and so on. It can be used to replace the traditional lighting bulbs and lamps which are of high power consumption, short utilization life, and high pollution. Thus, the LED has already been applied as the new-generation lighting equipments.
The LED is also applied as the white light sources. That is, the red, green, and blue lights (or more than three lights) are mixed to form white light. Because the spectrum of natural white light is ranged from about 400 nm to 720 nm, the synthetic white light can consist of the red, green and blue (RGB) lights or more than three lights. Similarly, the poly-chromatic light can be synthesized by three (red, green, blue) or more than three LED lights. However, the spectrum of LED is influenced by the input power and the junction temperature. Therefore, when the electrical power or the junction temperature is changed, the spectrum of poly-chromatic LED will also be changed, and the luminance and color (related color temperature) of the output light will be influenced. Therefore, it is difficult to control the luminance and color of LED. Hence, it is very urgent to obtain the control device and method of poly-chromatic LED at present.
As for the example of a conventional three-chromatic LED lighting system, the model of LED lighting systems is nonlinear and time-varying. Most conventional well-known systems use the open-loop control or simple closed-loop control, which is not effective in that the luminance and color of lighting source will drift, and the LED system cannot achieve good performance.
For example, Taiwan Patent No. 200723194 related to a LED lighting system, which is used to produce poly-chromatic LED lighting sources, and the difference between the set point value and first control data is used to control the LED lighting sources. It uses the filtering-type photodiode as the color sensor, and evaluates the junction temperature by the temperature sensor and the thermal resistance of LED. In addition, U.S. Pat. No. 7,573,210 relates to a lamp system and a method for feedback control. The system discloses a lamp with the chromaticity and the digital output signals. The lamp contains spectrum filtering elements and light sensors for providing optical feedback, such that the unnecessary optical signals can be removed and filtered. The control system can sample the filtered signals according to the preset feedback sampling spectrum, and control the chromatic output according to the feedback signals. However, the measurement of LED junction temperature is not disclosed for control of luminance. Furthermore, both afore-mentioned patents do not disclose the use of “non-filtering-type photodiodes” as light sensors for detecting color, and the direct measure of junction temperature of LED for luminance and color control.
Therefore, in order to produce more effective LED, it is necessary to research and develop innovative LED technology, and then to stabilize the luminance and color of LED, and raise the efficiency of light sources, also, reduce the manufacturing time and the manufacturing cost.
The invention provides a novel control system for a poly-chromatic light-emitting diode (LED) lighting system, and uses feed forward and feedback control techniques to regulate the color and luminous outputs.
The poly-chromatic LED lighting system comprises feed forward compensator M, feedback controller K, driver W, poly-chromatic LED luminaire (including one or more than one LED lamp G and luminaire mixing optical element U), temperature sensor DT, voltage measuring device ST, wide-spectrum sensor SD, and time-division measuring device DE. The feed forward compensator M connects with the feedback controller K, driver W, poly-chromatic LED luminaire, and wide-spectrum sensor SD. The time-division measuring device DE connects the wide-spectrum sensor SD. The temperature sensor DT is installed on the poly-chromatic LED luminaire. The voltage measuring device ST is connected between the LED lamp and the feed forward compensator M.
The invention also provides the utilization methods for a poly-chromatic LED lighting system. The related color temperature command TCCr and the luminance command Φr are transformed to the corresponding light power command LC of the poly-chromatic LED by the feed forward compensator M. And the light power command LC and the feedback light power signal Ls are used to calculate the power error signal e of the poly-chromatic LED. Then the signals e enters the feedback controller K, which outputs the luminaire power signal PS of the poly-chromatic luminaire. The luminaire power signal PS returns to the feed forward compensator M, and also arrives at the driver W. The driver W outputs the driving power PD to the poly-chromatic LED luminaire, and also outputs the measured sampling signal Q to the time-division measuring device DE. The temperature sensor DT measures the shell temperature of the poly-chromatic LED luminaire to generate the temperature signal TS, and the voltage measuring device measures the voltage signal V of the poly-chromatic LED. The junction temperature signal T of poly-chromatic LED can be calculated by the temperature signal TS and the voltage signal V, and is transmitted to the feed forward compensator M. The poly-chromatic luminance ΦL of the poly-chromatic LED passes through the luminaire mixing optical element U, and mixes the poly-chromatic light into the lighting luminance Φo. The wide-spectrum sensor SD measures the lighting luminance Φo, and uses the time-division measuring device DE to separate the power feedback signal LS, and transmits it to the circuit between the feed forward compensator M and the feedback controller K, in order to calculate the power error signal e.
The system employs the measured luminaire power signal PS and feedback junction temperature signal T of poly-chromatic luminaire to adjust the light power command LC of the poly-chromatic LED lighting system, such that the lighting luminance Φo can track the luminance command Φr, and the color output can track the related color temperature command TCCr.
The invention employs the voltage of LED and the shell temperature of luminaire to calculate the junction temperature of the poly-chromatic LED, and employs the time-division measuring device and the wide-spectrum sensor to calculate the power signal of the poly-chromatic LED, in order to regulate the driving power of the lighting system. Thus, the output is steady.
The invention employs the feed forward compensation and feedback control to control the luminance and color outputs of the system. The stability and performance can be maintained even when there are disturbances or environmental changes.
Therefore, the advantage and spirit of the invention can be understood further by the following detail description of invention and attached Figures.
The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of this invention will become more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
The invention relates to a poly-chromatic LED lighting system. Please refer to the embodiment of the poly-chromatic LED lighting system shown in
The feed forward compensator M101 owns the function of obtaining the related color temperature command TCCr, the luminance command Φr, the luminaire power signal PS and the junction temperature signal T of the poly-chromatic LED luminaire 104. It can adjust the light power command LC of the poly-chromatic LED luminaire 104 at any time.
The feedback controller K102 owns the function of stability control. It can regulate the error signal e between the power feedback signal LS and the light power command LC, and generate the luminaire power signal PS of the poly-chromatic luminaire 104 according to the error signal e.
The driver W103 employs the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to drive the LED lamp. After the afore-mentioned luminaire power signal PS is obtained, the driving power PD can be emitted to ignite the poly-chromatic LED lamp. The driver W103 can also output the measured sampling signal Q to the time-division measuring device DE.
The poly-chromatic LED luminaire 104 is composed of the LED lamp G104A with three light colors (or more than three light colors) and the luminaire mixing optical element U1048, which owns the lighting function.
The temperature sensor DT105 employs the thermocouple or the thermistor, which is connected to the poly-chromatic LED luminaire 104 to measure the generated temperature signal TS.
The voltage measuring device ST106 owns the function of measuring voltage. It can measure the forward voltage V for three light colors of the LED lamp G104A. The variance ΔV with respect to the initial forward voltage can be obtained by measuring the forward voltage. Then the junction temperature T of LED can be obtained according to the temperature signal TS of luminaire:
The junction temperature of red LED: TR=TS+STR×ΔVR
The junction temperature of green LED: TG=TS+STG×ΔVG
The junction temperature of blue LED: TB=TS+STB×ΔVB
These temperature signals are sent back to the feed forward compensator M.
The time-division measuring device DE107 receives the measured sampling signal Q and synchronize the voltage sampling action with the driver W, in order to measure the separated lighting luminance Φo to obtain the feedback light power signal LS.
The Wide-Spectrum Sensor SD108 is the “non-filtering-type photodiode” having the function of sensing the luminance, which can measure the feedback light power signal LS, and then transmit it to the circuit between the feed forward compensator M101 and the feedback controller K102.
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The temperature sensor DT105 is connected to the poly-chromatic LED luminaire 104, and can transmit the temperature signal TS, which is used to calculate the junction temperature signal T (including the red light junction temperature signal TR, the green light junction temperature signal TG, and the blue light junction temperature signal TB) with the voltage signal V.
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The feedback controller K102 of the invention can adopt the proportional controller, proportional-integral controller, proportional-derivative controller, proportional-integral-derivative controller, fuzzy controller, and robust controller as the algorithm of feedback control.
The driver W103 of the invention employs the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to drive and ignite the LED lamp. High current level is output at the ON interval, and low current level is output at the OFF interval. High current level is the maximum rated current of LED luminaire. Low current level is ranged at between 50 mA and 0.5 mA, 1 mA is selected as low current level in this embodiment. The pulse width is modulated in accordance with the ratio of luminaire power signal. The pulse frequency should be higher than 60 Hertz, in order to avoid the flash feeling of human eyes. 120 Hertz is selected as the pulse frequency in the embodiment. High current level, low current level, and pulse width output by the driving circuit can be regulated accordingly.
Furthermore, the driver W103 of the invention provides three or more than three sets of independent circuits, which can drive three (red, green or blue) or more than three sets of LED. The pulse frequency of every driving circuit is the same. There is a constant time interval at the initial time of ON interval. The time interval is ranged between 1 nanosecond and 150 nanoseconds. 25 nanoseconds are selected as the time interval in the embodiment.
The driver W103 of the invention also provides the measured sampling signal Q, which is a DC voltage pulse signal. When the independent circuit is at the initial time of the ON interval, the measured sampling signal will provide the change of pulse signal for a set of high current level and low current level. Thus the level change of measured sampling signal can be used to recognize the initial driving time of every independent circuit. After the measured sampling signal is transmitted to the time-division measuring device DE107, the measurement action of time-division measuring device and driver can be operated synchronously.
As for the method of measuring the forward voltage V of LED in the invention, low current is used to measure the forward voltage V at the OFF interval. This low current will not heat or ignite the LED lamp, but it can conduct the current to measure the forward voltage V. The relation between the forward voltage of this low current and the junction temperature of LED is linear. When this linear relation is obtained, the junction temperature T of LED can be calculated from the forward voltage V and the temperature Ts of luminaire as follows:
The junction temperature of red LED: TR=TS+STR×ΔVR
The junction temperature of green LED: TG=TS+STG×ΔVG
The junction temperature of blue LED:TB=TS+STB×ΔVE
Because of the precise measurement of junction temperature and the feed forward compensator, the invention will maintain stability and performance even when there are disturbances or environmental changes.
The voltage measuring device of the invention has to measure the forward voltage V within the pulse cycle, thus the measurement sampling time should be less than 1 millisecond. 20 nanoseconds are selected as the measurement sampling time in this embodiment.
In addition, the Wide-Spectrum Sensor SD108 of the invention adopts the “non-filtering-type photodiode” to feed back only one signal. This signal is the luminance signal of all LEDs. Because the driver has a constant time interval for every set of circuits, when the time-division measuring device DE107 takes samples, it can sample and separate the luminance signal for every set of LED (red, green and blue LED). The non-filtering-type photodiode can use a single light sensor to detect the luminance of every color, which will not be offset by the degradation of filtering lens. Because of the precise measurement of luminance signal and feedback, the invention will maintain stability and performance even when there are disturbances or environmental changes.
It is understood that various other modifications will be apparent to and can be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. Accordingly, it is not intended that the scope of the claims appended hereto be limited to the description as set forth herein, but rather that the claims be construed as encompassing all the features of patentable novelty that reside in the present invention, including all features that would be treated as equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 099104269 | Feb 2010 | TW | national |
