Patent Application
20070083026
The invention relates generally to polyarylate-siloxane copolymers. More particularly the present invention relates to polyarylate-siloxane copolymers that have good flow characteristics and also possess good thermostability and weatherability.
Polymer compositions for use in a variety of modern applications often require outstanding physical characteristics such as high surface quality, solvent resistance, scratch resistance, strong adhesion to other materials, good weatherability, and UV stability. Known polyarylates perform well in some, but not all, of these categories. Some enhancement of polyarylate performance may be obtained through the use of additives but performance limitations remain nonetheless.
Therefore there exists a need for new polymeric compositions possessing enhanced performance characteristic relative to known materials.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprising arylate structural units having Formula I
wherein R1 and R2 are independently at each occurrence a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C3-C20 aromatic radical; “b” and “c” are independently integers having a value 0 to 4; and
at least one organosiloxane structural unit,
wherein said polyarylate-siloxane copolymer is free of organic carbonate linkages.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method for preparing a composition comprising, reacting at least one dihydroxy aromatic compound III
and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide IV
and at least one hydroxy organosiloxane compound, in the presence of at least one catalyst and at least one substantially water-immiscible organic solvent to provide a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprising structural units XVIII or XIX
wherein R1 and R2 are independently at each occurrence a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C3-C20 aromatic radical; “b” and “c” are independently integers having a value from 0 to 4; R3 and R4 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical, a C3-C20 aromatic radical, or R3 and R4 may together form a silicon-containing C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical or a C3-C20 aromatic radical; R5 is a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C3-C20 aromatic radical; R6 is a divalent aromatic radical, X is halogen; and “d” is an integer having a value from 1 to about 500.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a molded article comprising the polyarylate-siloxane composition disclosed herein.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a polyarylate-siloxane composition prepared by the method disclosed herein.
The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the invention and the examples included therein. In the following specification and the claims which follow, reference will be made to a number of terms which shall be defined to have the following meanings:
The singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
“Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where the event occurs and instances where it does not.
The modifier “about” used in connection with a quantity is inclusive of the stated value and has the meaning dictated by the context (e.g., includes the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity).
As used herein, the term “organosiloxane structural unit” is defined as a component of a polymer or a monomer, said component comprising at least one organic —SiOSi— moiety. The moiety is defined as an “organic” —SiOSi— moiety because each of the silicon atoms is directly bound to at least one carbon atom. Thus, the polyarylate-siloxane copolymers of the present invention comprise at least one organic —SiOSi— moiety.
As used herein, the term “aromatic radical” refers to an array of atoms having a valence of at least one comprising at least one aromatic group. The array of atoms having a valence of at least one comprising at least one aromatic group may include heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, silicon and oxygen, or may be composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen. As used herein, the term “aromatic radical” includes but is not limited to phenyl, pyridyl, furanyl, thienyl, naphthyl, phenylene, and biphenyl radicals. As noted, the aromatic radical contains at least one aromatic group. The aromatic group is invariably a cyclic structure having 4n+2 “delocalized” electrons where “n” is an integer equal to 1 or greater, as illustrated by phenyl groups (n=1), thienyl groups (n=1), furanyl groups (n=1), naphthyl groups (n=2), azulenyl groups (n=2), anthraceneyl groups (n=3) and the like. The aromatic radical may also include nonaromatic components. For example, a benzyl group is an aromatic radical, which comprises a phenyl ring (the aromatic group) and a methylene group (the nonaromatic component). Similarly a tetrahydronaphthyl radical is an aromatic radical comprising an aromatic group (C6H3) fused to a nonaromatic component —(CH2)4—. For convenience, the term “aromatic radical” is defined herein to encompass a wide range of functional groups such as alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, haloalkyl groups, haloaromatic groups, conjugated dienyl groups, alcohol groups, ether groups, aldehydes groups, ketone groups, carboxylic acid groups, acyl groups (for example carboxylic acid derivatives such as esters and amides), amine groups, nitro groups, and the like. For example, the 4-methylphenyl radical is a C7 aromatic radical comprising a methyl group, the methyl group being a functional group which is an alkyl group. Similarly, the 2-nitrophenyl group is a C6 aromatic radical comprising a nitro group, the nitro group being a functional group. Aromatic radicals include halogenated aromatic radicals such as 4-trifluoromethylphenyl, hexafluoroisopropylidenebis(4-phen- 1-yloxy) (i.e., OPhC(CF3)2PhO—), 4-chloromethylphen-1-yl, 3-trifluorovinyl-2-thienyl, 3-trichloromethylphen-1-yl (i.e., 3-CCl3Ph—), 4-(3-bromoprop-1-yl)phen-1-yl (i.e., 4-BrCH2CH2CH2Ph—), and the like. Further examples of aromatic radicals include 4-allyloxyphen-1-oxy, 4-aminophen-1-yl (i.e., 4-H2NPh—), 3-aminocarbonylphen-1-yl (i.e., NH2COPh—), 4-benzoylphen-1-yl, dicyanomethylidenebis(4-phen-1-yloxy) (i.e., —OPhC(CN)2PhO—), 3-methylphen-1-yl, methylenebis(4-phen-1-yloxy) (i.e., —OPhCH2PhO—), 2-ethylphen-1-yl, phenylethenyl, 3-formyl-2-thienyl, 2-hexyl-5-furanyl, hexamethylene-1,6-bis(4-phen-1-yloxy) (i.e., —OPh(CH2)6PhO—), 4-hydroxymethylphen-1-yl (i.e., 4-HOCH2Ph—), 4-mercaptomethylphen-1-yl (i.e., 4-HSCH2Ph—), 4-methylthiophen-1-yl (i.e., 4-CH3SPh—), 3-methoxyphen-1-yl, 2-methoxycarbonylphen-1-yloxy (e.g., methyl salicyl), 2-nitromethylphen-1-yl (i.e., 2-NO2CH2Ph), 3-trimethylsilylphen-1-yl, 4-t-butyldimethylsilylphenl-1-yl, 4-vinylphen-1-yl, vinylidenebis(phenyl), and the like. The term “a C3-C10 aromatic radical” includes aromatic radicals containing at least three but no more than 10 carbon atoms. The aromatic radical 1-imidazolyl (C3H2N2—) represents a C3 aromatic radical. The benzyl radical (C7H7—) represents a C7 aromatic radical.
As used herein the term “aliphatic radical” refers to an organic radical having a valence of at least one consisting of a linear or branched array of atoms, which is not cyclic. Aliphatic radicals are defined to comprise at least one carbon atom. As defined herein, the term “aliphatic radical” encompasses a cyano group since the cyano group consists of a linear array of atoms which includes a carbon atom. The array of atoms comprising the aliphatic radical may include heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur, silicon, selenium and oxygen or may be composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen. For convenience, the term “aliphatic radical” is defined herein to encompass, as part of the “linear or branched array of atoms which is not cyclic” a wide range of functional groups such as alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, haloalkyl groups, conjugated dienyl groups, alcohol groups, ether groups, aldehyde groups, ketone groups, carboxylic acid groups, acyl groups (for example carboxylic acid derivatives such as esters and amides), amine groups, nitro groups, and the like. For example, the 4-methylpent-1-yl radical is a C6 aliphatic radical comprising a methyl group, the methyl group being a functional group which is an alkyl group. Similarly, the 4-nitrobut-1-yl group is a C4 aliphatic radical comprising a nitro group, the nitro group being a functional group. An aliphatic radical may be a haloalkyl group which comprises one or more halogen atoms which may be the same or different. Halogen atoms include, for example; fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Aliphatic radicals comprising one or more halogen atoms include the alkyl halides trifluoromethyl, bromodifluoromethyl, chlorodifluoromethyl, hexafluoroisopropylidene, chloromethyl, difluorovinylidene, trichloromethyl, bromodichloromethyl, bromoethyl, 2-bromotrimethylene (e.g., —CH2CHBrCH2—), and the like. Further examples of aliphatic radicals include allyl, aminocarbonyl (i.e., —CONH2), carbonyl, 2,2-dicyanoisopropylidene (i.e., —CH2C(CN)2CH2—), methyl (i.e., —CH3), methylene (i.e., —CH2—), ethyl, ethylene, formyl (i.e.,—CHO), hexyl, hexamethylene, hydroxymethyl (i.e.,—CH2OH), mercaptomethyl (i.e., —CH2SH), methylthio (i.e., —SCH3), methylthiomethyl (i.e., —CH2SCH3), methoxy, methoxycarbonyl (i.e., CH3OCO—) , nitromethyl (i.e., —CH2NO2), thiocarbonyl, trimethylsilyl (i.e., (CH3)3Si—), t-butyldimethylsilyl, 3-trimethyoxysilypropyl (i.e., (CH3O)3SiCH2CH2CH2—), vinyl, vinylidene, and the like. By way of further example, a C1-C10 aliphatic radical contains at least one but no more than 10 carbon atoms. A methyl group (i.e., CH3—) is an example of a C1 aliphatic radical. A decyl group (i.e., CH3(CH2)9—) is an example of a C10 aliphatic radical.
As used herein the term “cycloaliphatic radical” is intended to designate cyclic alkyl groups having a valence of at least one, and comprising an array of atoms which is cyclic but which is not aromatic. As defined herein a “cycloaliphatic radical” does not contain an aromatic group. A “cycloaliphatic radical” may comprise one or more noncyclic components. For example, a cyclohexylmethyl group (C6H11CH2—) is a cycloaliphatic radical which comprises a cyclohexyl ring (the array of atoms which is cyclic but which is not aromatic) and a methylene group (the noncyclic component). The cycloaliphatic radical may include heteroatoms such as nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, silicon and oxygen, or may be composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen. For convenience, the term “cycloaliphatic radical” is defined herein to encompass a wide range of functional groups such as alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, haloalkyl groups, conjugated dienyl groups, alcohol groups, ether groups, aldehyde groups, ketone groups, carboxylic acid groups, acyl groups (for example carboxylic acid derivatives such as esters and amides), amine groups, nitro groups, and the like. For example, the 4-methylcyclopent-1-yl radical is a C6 cycloaliphatic radical comprising a methyl group, the methyl group being a functional group which is an alkyl group. Similarly, the 2-nitrocyclobut-1-yl radical is a C4 cycloaliphatic radical comprising a nitro group, the nitro group being a functional group. A cycloaliphatic radical may comprise one or more halogen atoms which may be the same or different. Halogen atoms include, for example; fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. Cycloaliphatic radicals comprising one or more halogen atoms include 2-trifluoromethylcyclohex-1-yl, 4-bromodifluoromethylcyclooct-1-yl, 2-chlorodifluoromethylcyclohex-1-yl, hexafluoroisopropylidene-2,2-bis (cyclohex-4-yl) (i.e., —C6H11C(CF3)2 C6H10—), 2-chloromethylcyclohex-1-yl, 3-difluoromethylenecyclohex-1-yl, 4-trichloromethylcyclohex-1-yloxy, 4-bromodichloromethylcyclohex-1-ylthio, 2-bromoethylcyclopent-1-yl, 2-bromopropylcyclohex-1-yloxy (e.g., CH3CHBrCH2C6H10—), and the like. Further examples of cycloaliphatic radicals include 4-allyloxycyclohex-1-yl, 4-aminocyclohex-1-yl (i.e., H2NC6H10—), 4-aminocarbonylcyclopent-1-yl (i.e., NH2COC5H8—), 4-acetyloxycyclohex-1-yl, 2,2-dicyanoisopropylidenebis(cyclohex-4-yloxy) (i.e., —OC6H10C(CN)2C6H10O—), 3-methylcyclohex-1-yl, methylenebis(cyclohex-4-yloxy) (i.e., —OC6H10CH2C6H10O—), 1-ethylcyclobut-1-yl, cyclopropylethenyl, 3-formyl-2-terahydrofuranyl, 2-hexyl-5-tetrahydrofuranyl, hexamethylene-1,6-bis(cyclohex-4-yloxy) (i.e., —O C6H10(CH2)6C6H10O—), 4-hydroxymethylcyclohex-1-yl (i.e., 4-HOCH2C6H10—), 4-mercaptomethylcyclohex-1-yl (i.e., 4-HSCH2C6H10—), 4-methylthiocyclohex-1-yl (i.e., 4—CH3SC6H10—), 4-methoxycyclohex-1-yl, 2-methoxycarbonylcyclohex-1-yloxy (2—CH3OCOC6H10O—), 4-nitromethylcyclohex-1-yl (i.e., NO2CH2C6H10—), 3-trimethylsilylcyclohex-1-yl, 2-t-butyldimethylsilylcyclopent-1-yl, 4-trimethoxysilylethylcyclohex-1-yl (e.g., (CH3O)3SiCH2CH2C6H10—), 4-vinylcyclohexen-1-yl, vinylidenebis(cyclohexyl), and the like. The term “a C3-C10 cycloaliphatic radical” includes cycloaliphatic radicals containing at least three but no more than 10 carbon atoms. The cycloaliphatic radical 2-tetrahydrofuranyl (C4H7O—) represents a C4 cycloaliphatic radical. The cyclohexylmethyl radical (C6H11CH2—) represents a C7 cycloaliphatic radical.
The composition provided by the present invention comprises a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer, said copolymer comprising arylate structural units and at least one organosiloxane structural unit, wherein the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer is free of organic carbonate linkages. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising organosiloxane structural units and arylate structural units having formula I
wherein R1 and R2 are independently at each occurrence a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C3-C20 aromatic radical; and “b” and “c” are independently integers having value 0 to 4; and wherein the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer is free of organic carbonate linkages.
Polymer compositions comprising arylate structural units I and organosiloxane structural units are referred to herein as polyarylate-siloxane copolymers, owing to the presence of a plurality of arylate structural units having formula I, and at least one organosiloxane structural unit as features of the polymer structure. Structure I need not be regarded as the “repeat unit” of the polymer, but rather as a structural unit present anywhere in the polymer. For example, a polymer composition might comprise a plurality of structural units I as part of the polymer chain and yet no two structural units I are adjacent to one another in the polymer chain (i.e. repeat), such as might be the case in a random polyarylate-siloxane copolymer composition comprising structural units derived from resorcinol, terephthahloyl dichloride, isophthaloyl dichloride and eugenol siloxane bisphenol. Alternatively, structure units I may constitute a repeat unit in a polyarylate block in a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer composition which comprises polyarylate blocks.
In one embodiment the at least one organosiloxane structural unit has formula II
wherein R3 and R4 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical, a C3-C20 aromatic radical, or R3 and R4 may together form a silicon-containing C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical or a C3-C20 aromatic radical.
In one embodiment the arylate structural unit of Formula I is derived from at least one dihydroxy aromatic compound and at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide. In one particular embodiment the at least one dihydroxy aromatic compound is a 1,3-dihydroxybenzene compound having Formula (III), commonly referred to throughout this specification as resorcinol or a resorcinol derivative.
In Formula (III), R1 is independently at each occurrence a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C3-C20 aromatic radical; and “b” is an integer having a value 0 to 4. “Resorcinol” or “resorcinol derivative” as used within the context of the present invention should be understood to include both unsubstituted (b=0) 1,3-dihydroxybenzene and substituted (b is 1 to 4) 1,3-dihydroxybenzenes unless explicitly stated otherwise. Suitable R1 groups include, but are not limited to methyl, trifluoromethyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, nonyl, decyl, and benzyl. In one particular embodiment wherein R1 is methyl and “b” is 1, the compound of Formula (III) is 2-methyl resorcinol. In another embodiment in which “b” is zero, the resorcinol compound having Formula III, is unsubstituted resorcinol.
Suitable aromatic dicarboxylic acid halides include monocyclic aromatic dicarboxylic acid halides IV
wherein X is halogen, and polycyclic aromatic dicarboxylic acid halides. Generally, dicarboxylic acid chlorides (X═Cl) are preferred owing to their reactivity and ease of manufacture. Exemplary monocyclic aromatic dicarboxylic acid halides include isophthalic acid chloride (also referred to as isophthaloyl chloride and isophthaloyl dichloride), isophthalic acid bromide, terephthalic acid chloride (also referred to as terephthaloyl chloride and terephthaloyl dichloride), terephthalic acid bromide and mixtures of the foregoing monocyclic aromatic dicarboxylic acid halides. Exemplary polycyclic aromatic dicarboxylic acid halides include, but are not limited to, biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid chloride; 4,5-chrysene-dicarboxylic acid chloride; dihydro-pyrene-carboxylic acid chloride; phenanthrene 4,5-dicarboxylic acid chloride, naphthalene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid chloride, naphtalne-1,4-dicarboxylic acid bromide; and anthracene-1,5-dicarboxylic acid chloride.
In various embodiments, the polyarylate-siloxane copolymers of the present invention comprise arylate structural units derived from resorcinol (or a resorcinol derivative) and mixtures of isophthalic and terephthalic acid chlorides. In one embodiment, the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprises polyarylate blocks derived from an oligomeric diacid chloride having Formula V
wherein R1, R2, “b” and “c” are defined as in Formula I and “t” is an integer from 1 to about 50. Oligomeric aromatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides can be prepared by reacting a molar excess of at least one aromatic dicarboxylic acid chloride with at least one dihydroxy benzene under interfacial reaction conditions. The term “interfacial reaction conditions” as used herein encompass a variety of ways of making both polyarylate intermediates and product polyarylate-siloxane copolymers. Generally, interfacial conditions are illustrated by reactions in which the reactants are present in a two phase reaction mixture comprising water, a water immiscible solvent such as methylene chloride, a water soluble metal hydroxide (for example an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide), and optionally an organic phase transfer catalyst. Typically, interfacial reaction conditions involve reaction at or near ambient temperature, for example at a temperature in arrange between about 10 and about 60° C., although other temperature ranges are possible. In one embodiment, the oligomeric aromatic dicarboxylic acid chloride represented by structure V is prepared by reacting a molar excess of isophthaloyl dichloride and terephthaloyl dichloride with resorcinol under interfacial reaction conditions.
As noted, in various embodiments the arylate component of the polyarylate-siloxane copolymers of the present invention are prepared from a mixture of dicarboxylic acid dichlorides. In one embodiment, a mixture of isophthaloyl and terephthaloyl dichlorides in a molar ratio of isopthaloyl to terephthaloyl of about 0.25-4:1 is used; in another embodiment the molar ratio is about 0.4:2.5:1; and in yet another embodiment the molar ratio is about 0.6-1.5:1.
Typically, the compositions of the present invention comprise at least one polyarylate structural unit derived from resorcinol or a resorcinol derivative having Formula III and structural units derived from a mixture of iso- and terephthaloyl acid dichlorides, said polyarylate structural unit being at times referred to herein are also referred to as the “ITR” or the “ITR block”. With reference to the term “ITR”, the letter “I” refers to isophthaloyl groups, the letter “T” terephthaloyl groups, and the letter “R” groups derived from resorcinol or a derivative of resorcinol. Therefore in one embodiment, the present invention provides a polymeric composition comprising an ITR block comprising structural units represented by Formula VI
wherein the brackets indicate (as those skilled in the art will appreciate) that the structure VI is a repeat unit of a polyarylate block having a block-length of “m”, and wherein R1, R2, “b” and “c” are defined as in Formula I, and wherein “m” is a number from about 2 to about 100.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprising arylate structural units having formula I and organosiloxane structural units derived from at least one hydroxy organosiloxane compound (also referred to as organosiloxane diols in the case in which no R3 or R4 group is a hydroxyl group) having Formula VII or Formula VIII
wherein R3 and R4 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical, a C3-C20 aromatic radical, or R3 and R4 may together form a silicon-containing C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical or a silicon-containing C3-C20 aromatic radical. While either or both of R3 and R4 may comprise a hydroxy group (for example R3 is a hydroxymethylene group (CH2OH), not both of R3 and R4 may be a hydroxyl group (OH group) when attached to the same silicon atom. R5 is a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical or a C3-C20 aromatic radical; R6 is a divalent aromatic radical; and “d” is an integer having a value from 1 to about 500. In one embodiment at least one of R3 or R4 is selected from the group consisting a vinyl group, an allyl group, a cyano group and a hydrogen atom. In one embodiment “d” is an integer having a value from about 1 to about 400. In one particular embodiment “d” is an integer having a value from about 1 to about 99. In another embodiment “d” is an integer having a value from about 1 to about 50. In yet another particular embodiment “d” is an integer having a value from about 1 to about 10.
In one embodiment, the hydroxy organosiloxane compound of Formula VII is selected from the group consisting of eugenol siloxane bisphenol having Formula IX, 4-allyl-2-methylphenol siloxane bisphenol having Formula X, 4-allylphenol siloxane bisphenol having Formula XI, 2-allylphenol siloxane bisphenol having Formula XII, 4-allyloxyphenol siloxane bisphenol having Formula XIII and 4-vinylphenol siloxane bisphenol having Formula XIV. In the foregoing description, the siloxane diols IX-XIV are referred to as “bisphenols” because each of said siloxane diols comprises two aromatic hydroxyl groups. In addition, the naming convention employed names the siloxane diols IX-XIV after the corresponding unsaturated phenol from which siloxane diols IX-XIV they may be prepared. For example, eugenol siloxane bisphenol IX may be prepared via hydrosilylation of eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) with a disilane having the formula HSi(CH3)2(OSi(CH3)2)dH in the presence of a suitable catalyst, for example Karstedt's catalyst.
In formulas IX, X, XI, XII, XIII and XIV, “d” is an integer having a value from 1 to about 500. In one particular emobdiment, the composition comprises structural units derived from eugenol siloxane bisphenol having Formula IX.
In one embodiment, the R6 group in the siloxane diol having Formula VIII is a divalent aromatic radical derived from a dihydroxy aromatic compound having Formula XV;
wherein each G1 is independently at each occurrence a C6-C20 aromatic radical; E is independently at each occurrence a bond, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical, a C6-C20 aromatic radical, a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a sulfur-containing linkage (e.g. —S—, —SO—, —SO2—), a selenium-containing linkage (e.g. —Se—, —SeO—, —SeO2—), a phosphorus-containing linkage, or an oxygen atom; “f” is a number greater than or equal to one; “g” is either zero or one; and “h” is a whole number including zero.
The dihydroxy aromatic compounds represented by Formula XV include single bisphenols (e.g. BPA) and mixtures of bisphenols (e.g. a mixture of BPA and BPZ). In certain embodiments dihydroxy aromatic compounds represented by Formula XV comprise at least one bisphenol selected from the group consisting of 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclopentane; 2,2-bis(3-allyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(2-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl)butane; 1,3-bis[4-hydroxyphenyl-1-(1-methylethylidine)]benzene; 1,4-bis[4-hydroxyphenyl-l-(1-methylethylidine)]benzene; 1,3-bis[3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-6-methylphenyl-1-(1-methylethylidine)]benzene; 1,4-bis[3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-6-tnethylphenyl-1-(1-methylethylidine)]benzene; 4,4′-biphenol; 2,2′,6,8-tetramethyl-3,3′, 5,5′-tetrabromo-4,4′-biphenol; 2,2′, 6,6′-tetramethyl-3,3′, 5-tribromo-4,4′-biphenol; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-cyanoethane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)dicyanomethane; 1,1 -bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-cyano-1-phenylmethane; 2,2-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane;; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)norbornane; 3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalide; 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane; 1,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propenone; bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfide; 4,4′-oxydiphenol; 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid; 4,4-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetic acid; 2,4′-dihydroxydiphenylmethane; 2-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)methane; bis(4-hydroxphenyl)methane; bis(4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)methane; bis(4-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-3-methoxyphenyl)methane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-2-chlorophenyl)ethane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol-A); 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-t-butyl-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-bromo-5-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-chloro-5-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3-bromo-5-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3,5-disopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrabromophenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(2,6-dibromo-3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3-ethylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)propane; 2,2-bis(3,5,3′, 5′-tetrachloro-4,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)propane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexylmethane; 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-phenylpropane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 4,4′-[1-methyl-4-(1-methyl-ethyl)-1,3-cyclohexandiyl]bisphenol (1,3 BHPM); 4-[1-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-methylcyclohexyl]-1-methyl-ethyl]-phenol (2,8 BHPM); 3,8-dihydroxy-5a,10b-diphenylcoumarano-2′, 3′, 2,3-coumarane (DCBP); 2-phenyl-3,3-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalimidine; 1,1-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-t-butyl-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-bromo-5-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-chloro-5-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-bromo-5-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-disopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrabromophenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(2,6-dibromo-3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-3-isopropylphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1 -bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-chloro-4-hydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-isopropylphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-t-butyl-5-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-bromo-5-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; bis(3-chloro-5-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3-bromo-5-phenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-disopropyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(3,5-diphenyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetrabromophenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy-2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(2,6-dichloro-3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 1,1-bis(2,6-dibromo-3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane; 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)decane; 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclododecane; 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclododecane; 4,4′dihydroxy-1,1-biphenyl; 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3 ′-dimethyl-1,1-biphenyl; 4,4′-dihydroxy-3,3 ′-dioctyl-1,1-biphenyl; 4,4′-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene)diphenol; 4,4′-bis(3,5-dimethyl)diphenol; 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylether; 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylthioether;1,3-bis(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propyl)benzene; 1,3-bis(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-propyl)benzene; 1,4-bis(2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propyl)benzene; 1,4-bis(2-(4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-2-propyl)benzene; 2,4′-dihydroxyphenyl sulfone; 4,4′-dihydroxydiphenylsulfone (BPS); bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane; 2,6-dihydroxy naphthalene; hydroquinone; resorcinol; C1-3 alkyl-substituted resorcinols; 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,3-trimethylindan-5-ol; 1 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 1,3,3-trimethylindan-5-ol; 4,4-dihydroxydiphenyl ether; 4,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dichlorodiphenylether; 4,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dihydroxydiphenyl ether; polycaprolactone diol; 4,4-thiodiphenol; 2,2,2′, 2′-tetrahydro-3,3,3′, 3′-tetramethyl- 1,1′-spirobi [1 H-indene]-6,6′-diol; and mixtures thereof. In one particular embodiment the dihydroxy aromatic compound is bisphenol A.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising at least one polyarylate structural unit (for example a polyarylate structural unit derived from resorcinol and a mixture of isophthaloyl chloride and terephthaloyl chloride, said polyarylate structural unit having a block length of about 10) and at least one (poly)siloxane structural unit (for example structural units derived from eugenol siloxane bisphenol VIII wherein “d” has an average value of 50). For convenience, such compositions comprising at least one polyarylate structural unit and at least one (poly)siloxane structural unit are at times referred to herein as polyarylate-siloxane copolymers.
In one embodiment, the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer may further comprise a soft block comprising structural units of formula XVI or formula XVII
wherein Z is a C3-C200 aliphatic radical; R7 is a bond, a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C40 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C3-C40 aromatic radical, and R8 and R9 each independently represent a bond or any one of the groups selected from
and “k” is an integer having a value from 1 to about 100. Specific embodiments of formula XVI are illustrated by the groups —CO(CH2)4CO—, —CO(CH2)6CO—, and —CO(CH2)10CO— which represent, in one embodiment structural units derived from at least one of the corresponding diacid, diacid halide, or diester. For example the structural group —CO(CH2)10CO— is in one embodiment derived from dodecanedioic acid diacid chloride. Specific embodiments of formula XVI include structural units derived from polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and the like, wherein Z represents an aliphatic radical which is a polyoxyalkylene radical.
In certain embodiments structural units derived from one or more aliphatic diols may also be present in the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer. Suitable aliphatic diols include 1,6-hexanediol, ethylene glycol, di-ethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-butane diol, 1,3-butane diol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid, polycaprolactone diol, neopentyl glycol, mixtures of said diols, and the like. Aliphatic diols may be used to modify the material properties (e.g. control melt viscosity and Tg) of the product polyarylate polyarylate-siloxane copolymer. In one embodiment, the product polyarylate polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprises structural units derived from one or more aliphatic diols, said structural units being present in an amount corresponding to from about 0.01 percent by weight to about 90 percent by weight based on the total weight of the product polyarylate-siloxane copolymer. In another embodiment, the product polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprises structural units derived from one or more aliphatic diols, said structural units being present in an amount corresponding to from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 25 percent by weight based on the total weight of the product polyarylate-siloxane copolymer. In yet another embodiment, the product polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprises structural units derived from one or more aliphatic diols, said structural units being present in an amount corresponding to from about 1 percent by weight to about 2 percent by weight based on the total weight of the product polyarylate-siloxane copolymer.
In one embodiment, the polyarylate-siloxane copolymers provided by the present invention comprise structural units having Formula XVIII or Formula XIX,
wherein R1 and R2 are independently at each occurrence a halogen atom, a nitro group, a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical, or a C3-C20 aromatic radical; “b” and “c” are independently integers having a value 0 to 4; R3 and R4 are independently at each occurrence a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical, a C3-C20 aromatic radical, or R3 and R4 may together form a silicon-containing C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical or a C3-C20 aromatic radical; R5 is a C1-C20 aliphatic radical, a C3-C20 cycloaliphatic radical or a C3-C20 aromatic radical; R is a divalent aromatic radical; and “d” is an integer having a value from 1 to about 500.
In one particular embodiment the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprises structural units represented by Formula XX,
wherein “d” is an integer having a value 1 to about 500. It will be understood by hose skilled in the art that the wavy lines shown in structure XX and disclosed elsewhere herein, see for example structures XVM and XIX, represent other parts of the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer structure.
In one embodiment, the product polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprises organosiloxane structural in an amount corresponding to from about 1 to about 50 percent by weight of the total weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the product polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprises organosiloxane structural units in an amount corresponding to from about 1 to about 30 percent by weight of the total weight of the composition. In one particular embodiment organosiloxane structural units are present in an amount corresponding to from about 1 to about 10 percent by weight of the total weight of the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer.
In one embodiment, the product polyarylate-siloxane copolymer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) greater than 50° C. In another embodiment the Tg of the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer is greater than 100° C. In one particular embodiment the Tg of the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer is greater than 120° C. In certain embodiments, the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer may possess multiple glass transitions, as for example when the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer possesses phase separated polyarylate-rich domains and organosiloxane-rich domains, wherein each of the two domains has an observable and different glass transition temperature.
In yet another embodiment, the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer has a weight average molecular weight, Mw, in a range of from about 1000 to about 100,000 grams per mole. In yet still another embodiment, the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer has a weight average molecular weight, Mw, in arrange of from about 2000 to about 10,000 grams per mole.
As noted, and as will be illustrated by the experimental examples presented herein, the polyarylate-siloxane copolymers of the present invention may be prepared by the copolymerisation of a mixture comprising at least one resorcinol compound, at least one diacid halide, and at least one hydroxy organosiloxane compound. In one embodiment the polymerization reaction is carried out under interfacial conditions in the presence of at least one catalyst, water, and at least one substantially water-immiscible organic solvent. Typically, an inorganic base, for example an alkali metal hydroxide or an alkaline earth metal hydroxide is present. In one embodiment, at least a stoichiometric amount of sodium hydroxide is employed in the polymerization reaction carried out under interfacial conditions.
Suitable catalysts comprise tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, hexaalkylguanidinium salts, and mixtures thereof. Suitable tertiary amines include triethylamine, dimethylbutylamine, diisopropylethylamine, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, and mixtures thereof. Other contemplated tertiary amines include N-C1-C6-alkyl-pyrrolidines, such as N-ethylpyrrolidine, N-C1-C6-alkyl-piperidines, such as N-ethylpiperidine, N-methylpiperidine, and N-isopropylpiperidine, N-C1-C6-alkyl-morpholines, such as N-ethylmorpholine and N-isopropyl-morpholine, N-C1-C6-alkyl-dihydroindoles, N-C1-C6-alkyl-dihydroisoindoles, N-C1-C6-alkyl-tetrahydroquinolines, N-C1-C6-alkyl-tetrahydroisoquinolines, N-C1-C6-alkyl-benzomorpholines, 1-azabicyclo-[3.3.0]-octane, quinuclidine, N-C1-C6-alkyl-2-azabicyclo-[2.2.1]-octanes, N-C1-C6-alkyl-2-azabicyclo-[3.3.1]-nonanes, and N-C1-C6-alkyl-3-azabicyclo-[3.3.1]-nonanes, N,N,N′,N′-tetraalkylalkylene-diamines, including N,N,N′,N′-tetraethyl-1,6-hexanediamine. In various embodiments tertiary amines are triethylamine and N-ethylpiperidine. Also included are 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 4-pyrrolidino pyridine and other 4-dialkylaminopyridines.
Suitable quaternary ammonium salts include halide salts such as tetraethylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetrapropylammonium bromide, tetrapropylammonium chloride, tetrabutylammonium bromide, tetrabutylammonium chloride, methyltributylammonium chloride, benzyltributylammonium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, trioctylmethylammonium chloride, cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, octyltriethylammonium bromide, decyltriethylammonium bromide, lauryltriethylammonium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetyltriethylammonium bromide, N-laurylpyridinium chloride, N-laurylpyridinium bromide, N-heptylpyridinium bromide, tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride (sometimes known as ALIQUAT 336), methyltri-C8-C10-alkyl-ammonium chloride (sometimes known as ADOGEN 464), and N,N,N′,N′,N′-pentaalkyl-alpha, omega-amine-ammonium salts such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,821,322. Suitable, quaternary phosphonium salts are illustrated by tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, triethyloctadecylphosphonium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, triphenylmethylphosphonium bromide, trioctylethylphosphonium bromide, and cetyltriethylphosphonium bromide. Suitable hexaalkylguanidinium salts are illustrated by the hexaalkylguanidinium halides, hexaethylguanidinium chloride, hexaethylguanidinium bromide, hexaethylguanidinium fluoride, hexapropylguanidinium chloride, and the like, and mixtures thereof. While only species comprising halide anions as counterions are expressly mentioned in the foregoing listing of suitable catalysts, almost any anionic species may serve as the counterion in catalyst systems useful in the preparation of the polyarylate-siloxane copolymers of the present invention. For example, quaternary ammonium hydroxides, quaternary phosphonium hydroxides, and hexaalkylguanidinium hydroxides may be employed. In one embodiment, the catalyst is methyl tributyl ammonium hydroxide.
In one embodiment the amount of catalyst present may be about 0.1 to 10 mole percent based on the total molar amount of acid chloride groups. In another embodiment the amount of catalyst present may be about 0.2 to 6 mole percent based on the total molar amount of acid chloride groups. In yet another embodiment the amount of catalyst present may be about 1 to 4 mole percent based on the total molar amount of acid chloride groups. In one particular embodiment the amount of catalyst present may be about 2.5 to 4 mole percent based on the total molar amount of acid chloride groups.
Typically, the organic solvent employed is substantially immiscible with water. By substantially immiscible it is meant that in a two-phase solvent-water mixture comprising a water-rich aqueous layer and a solvent rich organic layer, the water-rich aqueous layer will comprise less than about 5 weight (wt.) percent solvent, and in another embodiment less than about 2 wt. percent solvent. Suitable organic solvents include dichloromethane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethane, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, toluene, xylene, trimethylbenzene, chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, and mixtures thereof. In a particular embodiment the solvent is dichloromethane.
The temperature of the polymerization reaction mixture may be any convenient temperature that provides a useful reaction rate. Convenient temperatures include those from about −20° C. to the boiling point of the water and water-immiscible organic solvent mixture under the reaction conditions. In one embodiment the reaction is performed at the boiling point of the organic solvent in the water-organic solvent mixture. In another embodiment the reaction is performed at the boiling point of dichloromethane.
In one embodiment, at least one chain-stopper (also referred to sometimes hereinafter as a capping agent) may be present in the polymerization mixture. In one embodiment, a chain-stopper is added in order to control the molecular weight of the product polyarylate-siloxane copolymer, thus providing a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer with controlled molecular weight and favorable processability. A chain-stopper is typically a monofunctional reactant and in one embodiment is selected from the group consisting of mono-phenolic compounds (e.g. phenol), and mono-carboxylic acid chlorides (e.g. benzoyl chloride).
For example, mono-phenolic compounds suitable as chain stoppers include monocyclic phenols, such as phenol, C1-C22 alkyl-substituted phenols, p-cumyl-phenol, p-tertiary-butyl phenol, hydroxy diphenyl; and monoethers of diphenols, such as p-methoxyphenol. In some embodiments a mono-phenolic UV absorber is used as capping agent. Such mono-phenolic UV absorbers include, 4-substituted-2-hydroxybenzophenones and their derivatives, aryl salicylates, monoesters of diphenols, such as resorcinol monobenzoate, 2-(2-hydroxyaryl)-benzotriazoles and their derivatives, 2-(2-hydroxyaryl)-1,3,5-triazines and their derivatives, and like compounds. In one embodiment the mono-phenolic chain-stopper is selected from the group consisting of phenol, p-cumylphenol, and resorcinol monobenzoate.
Mono-carboxylic acid chlorides suitable as chain stoppers include monocyclic, mono-carboxylic acid chlorides, such as benzoyl chloride, C1-C22 alkyl-substituted benzoyl chloride, toluoyl chloride, halogen-substituted benzoyl chloride, bromobenzoyl chloride, cinnamoyl chloride, 4-nadimidobenzoyl chloride, and mixtures thereof, polycyclic, mono-carboxylic acid chlorides, such as trimellitic anhydride chloride, and naphthoyl chloride; and mixtures of monocyclic and polycyclic mono-carboxylic acid chlorides. The chlorides of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids with up to 22 carbon atoms are also suitable. Functionalized chlorides of aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, such as acryloyl chloride and methacryoyl chloride, are also suitable.
In another embodiment, at least one branching agent such as a trifunctional or higher functional acid chloride and/or a trifunctional or higher functional phenol may be included during the polymerization reaction. Such branching agents, if included, are typically be used in quantities of 0.005 to 1 mole percent, based on aromatic dicarboxylic acid halide or resorcinol compounds used. Suitable branching agents include, for example, trifunctional or higher acid chlorides, such as trimesic acid trichloride, cyanuric acid trichloride, 3,3′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride, 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid tetrachloride or pyromellitic acid tetrachloride, and trifunctional or higher phenols, such as phloroglucinol, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-heptene, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-heptane, 1,3,5-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-benzene, 1,1,1-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethane, tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-phenyl methane, 2,2-bis-[4,4-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-cyclohexyl]-propane, 2,4-bis-(4-hydroxyphenylisopropyl)-phenol, tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-methane, 2,6-bis-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methyl phenol, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-propane, tetra-(4-[4-hydroxyphenylisopropyl]-phenoxy)-methane, 1,4-bis-[(4,4-dihydroxytriphenyl)methyl] -benzene.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a blend composition comprising a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer and at least one other polymer, for example a polycarbonate (hereinafter sometimes designated “PC”), a polyester, a copolyestercarbonate, a polyarylate, a polyetherimide, a polyphenylene ether, or an olefin polymer.
In one embodiment, the present invention provides a blend composition comprising bisphenol A polycarbonate. In an alternate embodiment, the present invention provides a blend composition comprising at least one copolycarbonate. In one embodiment, the weight average molecular weight of the polycarbonate ranges from about 5,000 to about 100,000 grams per mole. In another embodiment, the weight average molecular weight of the polycarbonate ranges from about 25,000 to about 65,000 grams per mole. It should be emphasized here that although the blend composition provided by the present invention may comprise a polycarbonate and therefore organic carbonate linkages, the polyarylate-siloxane copolymer component of the blend is itself free of organic carbonate linkages.
As noted, in one aspect the present invention provides a blend of a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer and at least one polyester. Suitable polyesters are illustrated by poly(alkylene dicarboxylates), especially poly(ethylene terephthalate) (hereinafter sometimes designated “PET”), poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) (hereinafter sometimes designated “PBT”), poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (hereinafter sometimes designated “PTF”), poly(ethylene naphthalate) (hereinafter sometimes designated “PEN”), poly(butylene naphthalate) (hereinafter sometimes designated “PBN”), poly(cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate), poly(cyclohexanedimethanol-co-ethylene terephthalate) (hereinafter sometimes designated “PETG”), and poly(1,4-cyclohexanedimethyl-1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (hereinafter sometimes designated “PCCD”), and especially poly(alkylene arenedioates), with poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) being preferred in some embodiments.
The compositions of the present invention may contain art-recognized additives including, but not limited to, colorants, pigments, dyes, impact modifiers, stabilizers, color stabilizers, heat stabilizers, UV screeners, UV absorbers, flame retardants, fillers, flow aids, ester interchange inhibitors, and mold release agents.
Acid chlorides employed in the reaction were purchased from Twin Lakes Chemical, Inc, Lockport, N.Y. Resorcinol was purchased from Sumitomo. Triethylamine and solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane and 2,2-bis-(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid were purchased from Aldrich. Polycaprolactonediol, CAPA® 2054, was purchased from Solvay. All the reactants/reagents were used as purchased.
Molecular weights were determined by GPC, using polystyrene standards. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) were measured by DSC calibrated to an indium standard.
This example provides a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprising ITR blocks and structural units derived from eugenol siloxane bisphenol.
A solution of resorcinol (17.6 grams (g); 160 millimoles (mmole)) and NaOH (29.1 g 364 mmole); 50% by weight solution), in 50 milliliters (ml) of deionized water was added using an addition funnel over a period of about 10 min to a solution of isophthaloyl chloride (20.3 g; 100 mmole), terephthaloyl chloride (20.3 g, 100 mmole), eugenol siloxane bisphenol (also referred to as -eugenol-terminated tetramethyldisiloxane) (6.51 g; 21.8 mmole) , and triethylamine (2.53 ml; 18.2 mmole) in 350 ml of dichloromethane. After about 20 minutes of stirring at room temperature (25° C.) under N2 atmosphere, 200 ml of water were added and the stirring was continued for about 5 additional minutes. The phases were separated and the organic phase was recharged to the reactor. Another 200 ml of water and triethylamine (253 ml; 182 mmole) were added and the reaction was stirred for about 30 minutes. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with 150 ml of 0.5 M sulfuric acid. The phases were again separated and the solvent evaporated from the organic phase. The remaining residue was dried in a vacuum oven at 40 ° C. for 24 h. This yielded 35.4 g of a white solid with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) =6558 grams per mole, a number average molecular weight (Mn) =2748 grams per mole, and glass transition temperature (Tg) of 105 ° C.
This example provides a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprising ITR blocks and structural units derived from a eugenol siloxane bisphenol.
A solution of resorcinol (17.6 g; 160 mmole)) and NaOH (29.1 g; 364 mmole); 50% by weight solution), in 50 ml of deionized water was added using an addition funnel over 10 minutes, to a solution of isophthaloyl chloride (20.3 g; 100 mmole), terephthaloyl chloride (20.3 g; 100 mmole), eugenol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (Mn=720; 15.7 g; 21.8 mmole), and 2.53 ml triethylamine (2.53 ml; 18.2 mmole) in 350 ml of dichloromethane. After 20 minutes of stirring at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere, 200 ml of water were added and stirring was continued for about 5 additional minutes. The phases were then separated and the organic phase was recharged to the reactor. Another 200 ml of water and 25.3 ml of triethylamine (253 ml; 182 mmole) were added and the reaction was stirred for about 30 minutes. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with 150 ml of 0.5 M sulfuric acid. The organic phase was then subjected to solvent removal. The remaining residue was dried in a vacuum oven at 40° C. for about 24 h. This yielded 55 g of a white solid with Mw =7176, Mn=2739, and Tg =82° C.
This example provides a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprising ITR structural units and structural units derived from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid, polycaprolactone diol, and eugenol siloxane bisphenol.
A solution of resorcinol (17.5 g; 159 mmole), 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)-propionic acid ((DMPA); 1.29 g; 9.56 mmole), and sodium hydroxide (30.7 g; 383 mmole; 50% by weight solution), in 50 ml of deionized water was added using an addition funnel over 10 min to a solution of isophthaloyl chloride (21.4 g; 105 mmole), terephthaloyl chloride (21.4 g; 105 mmole), polycaprolactone diol (PCLD, having number average molecular weight ((Mn) =530 grams per mole; 11.2 g; 21.1), eugenol-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (Mn=1130 grams per mole; 2.97 g; 1.92 mmole), and triethylamine (2.67 ml; 19.2 mmole) in 350 ml of dichloromethane. After stirring for about 20 minutes at room temperature (25° C.) under nitrogen atmosphere, 200 ml of water were added and the stirring was continued for an additional 5 minutes. The phases were separated and the organic phase was recharged into the reactor. Another 200 ml of water and of triethylamine (26.7 ml; 192 mmole) were added and the reaction was stirred for about 30 minutes. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed with 150 ml of 0.5 M sulfuric acid. The organic phase was then subjected to solvent removal. The remaining residue was dried in a vacuum oven at 40° C. for about 24 hours. This yielded 42.8 g of a white solid with Mw=5604 grams per mole, Mn=2541 grams per mole, and Tg=54° C.
This example provides a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprising ITR structural units and structural units derived from a hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane.
To a solution of isophthaloyl chloride (8.65 g, 42.6 mmole) and terephthaloyl chloride (8.65 g; 42.6 mmole) in 100 ml of dichloromethane was added triethylamine (1.19 ml; 8.50 mmole) and 0.15 ml deionized water. The reaction was stirred for about 20 minutes. A solution of hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (6.34 g; 11.5 mmole) and triethylamine (3.56 ml; 30 mmole) in 40 ml of dichloromethane was added using an addition funnel over 5 min and stirred for 20 minutes. A solution of resorcinol (7.17 g; 65.2 mmole), and triethylamine (20.0 ml; 143 mmole) in 100 ml of dichloromethane was then added using an addition funnel over about 20 minutes. After stirring at room temperature under nitrogen atmosphere for 2 h, 100 ml of water was added and the mixture was stirred for an additional 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was acidified with 2 M hydrochloric acid until the pH of the aqueous phase was less than 2. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed twice with deionized water. The organic phase was added into 600 ml methanol resulting in the formation of a precipitate. The precipitate was filtered and dried in a vacuum oven at 40° C. for about 24 hours to give 12.5 g of a white solid with Mw=5766 grams per mole, Mn=2096 grams per mole, and Tg=116° C.
This example provides a polyarylate-siloxane comprising ITR blocks, structural units derived from neopenty glycol, and structural units derived from an aminopropyl-terminated siloxane.
To a solution of isophthaloyl chloride (15.0 g; 73.8 mmole), 200 ml methylene chloride, resorcinol (2.1 g; 19.1 mmole), and neopentyl glycol (4.6 g; 44.2 mmole) was added via an addition funnel a solution of triethylamine (13.4 g; 112.9 mmole), aminopropyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (equiv wt approx. 490; 2.8 g; 2.9 mmole), 20 mL dichloromethane and dimethylaminopyridine (0.2 g; 1.64 mmole). The rate of addition was maintained to maintain a gentle reflux. After the addition was completed the reaction mixture was stirred over night at room temperature (25° C). The reaction mixture was then filtered and combined with 100 mlL deionized water and triethylamine (6 ml; 50.6 mmole) and vigorously stirred for about one hour. The organic phase was then treated with 100 ml of dilute sulfuric acid. The phases were separated and the organic phase was washed twice with deionized water. The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure to yield 18.4 g of the product polyarylate-siloxane copolymer as a light yellow solid. This material had a Mw of 6281 grams per mole, a Mn of 2843 grams per mole, and a Tg of 64° C.
This example provides a polyarylate-siloxane copolymer comprising ITR blocks and structural units derived from a hydroxybutoxyethyl terminated siloxane, and structural units derived from neopentyl glycol.
Isophthaloyl chloride (20.0 g; 98.49 mmole), 130 ml methylene chloride, hydroxybutoxyethyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (hydroxyl equivalent. weight 1036; 4.0 g; 1.93 mmole), resorcinol (4.8 g; 43.6 mmole), and neopentyl glycol (4.5 g; 44.16 mmole) was charged to a reaction flask. Dimethylaminopyridine (0.4 g; 3.2 mmole) was added to the reaction flask followed by the dropwise addition of triethylamine (24.5 ml; 206.5 mmole). Again an exotherm was noted upon the addition of the amine. After the addition of the triethylamine was complete the reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for about 24 hours. The reaction mixture was then filtered, and then treated with 100 ml water and triethylamine (9 ml; 81.67 mmole)), and worked-up as described in example 5 above. The solvent was then removed under reduced pressure to yield 25.2 g of the product polyarylate-siloxane copolymer as a light yellow solid. This material had a Mw of 6617 grams per mole, a Mn of 3471 grams per mole, and a Tg of 76° C.
While only certain features of the invention have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the invention.
