POLYCYCLIC COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

BACKGROUND
1. Field

One or more embodiments relate to a polycyclic compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are self-emission devices that produce full-color images, and also have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, and excellent characteristics in terms of brightness, driving voltage, and response speed, compared to devices in the art.

In an example, an organic light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an organic layer between the anode and the cathode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer. A hole transport region may be located between the anode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region may be located between the emission layer and the cathode. Holes provided from the anode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from the cathode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. The holes and the electrons recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons transition from an excited state to a ground state to thereby generate light.

SUMMARY

Provided is an organic light-emitting device with improved lifespan characteristics.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description, which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments of the disclosure.

According to an aspect of an embodiment, provided is a polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1

A(Ar₁)_n1(Ar₂)_n2 Formula 1

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wherein, in Formulae 1, 1-1, and 1-2,

A may be a group represented by Formula 1-1,

Ar₁may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group,

Ar₂may be a group represented by Formula 1-2,

n1 may be an integer from 0 to 20, wherein, when n1 is 2 or more, two or more of Ar₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

n2 may be an integer from 1 to 21, wherein, when n2 is 2 or more, two or more of Ar₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

n1 and n2 may each satisfy the condition of n1+n2≥5,

L₁may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group,

m1 may be an integer from 0 to 3, wherein, when m1 is 0, *—(L₁)m1-*′ indicates a chemical bond,

M may be B, Al, Si(R_a), Ge(R_a), P, P(═O), or P(═S),

CY₁to CY₅may each independently be a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group,

R_aand R₁to R₅are each independently selected from a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1, a binding site to Ar₂of Formula 1, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF₅, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroalkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), —B(Q₆)(Q₇), or —P(═O)(Q₈)(Q₉),

a1 to a5 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 10,

neighboring two groups from among R₁to R₅may optionally be bonded to each other to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10bor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10b, and R_10bis the same as described in connection with R₁,

at least one substituent of the substituted C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroalkylaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group,

a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroalkylaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇), or —P(═O)(Q₁₈)(Q₁₉),

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroalkylaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₆-C₆₀alkylaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroalkylaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroalkylaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅) —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇), or —P(═O)(Q₂₈)(Q₂₉), or

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇), or —P(═O)(Q₃₈)(Q₃₉),

wherein Q₁to Q₉, Q₁₁to Q₁₉, Q₂₁to Q₂₉, and Q₃₁to Q₃₉are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroalkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

According to another aspect, provided is an organic light-emitting device including a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an organic layer including an emission layer and located between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the polycyclic compound described herein.

According to another aspect, provided is an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The above and other aspects, features, and advantages of certain embodiments of the disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with figures.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment,

FIG. 2 is an NMR graph of compound 223 obtained from the synthesis example 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout the specification. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Throughout the disclosure, the expression “at least one of a, b, or c” indicates only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b, and c, or variations thereof.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly in contact with the other element or intervening elements may be present therebetween. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” another element, there are no intervening elements present.

It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The term “or” means “and/or.” It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” or “includes” and/or “including” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, regions, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this general inventive concept belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and the present disclosure, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.

“About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ±20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value.

In any formula, * and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom or a neighboring functional group.

A polycyclic compound according to one aspect is represented by Formula 1:

A(Ar₁)_n1(Ar₂)_n2 Formula 1

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wherein, in Formula 1, A in Formula 1 may be a group represented by Formula 1-1, Ar₁in Formula 1 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group, and Ar₂may be a group represented by Formula 1-2.

In an embodiment, Ar₁may be a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, or a dibenzothiophenyl group; or

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇), or —P(═O)(Q₃₈)(Q₃₉).

For example, An may be a group represented by one of Formulae 3-1 to 3-77, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-77,

Y₃₁may be O, S, N(Z₃₅), C(Z₃₅)(Z₃₆), or Si(Z₃₅)(Z₃₆),

Z₃₁to Z₃₆may each independently be selected from

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and a carbazolyl group,

e2 may be an integer from 0 to 2,

e3 may be an integer from 0 to 3,

e4 may be an integer from 0 to 4,

e5 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

e6 may be an integer from 0 to 6,

e7 may be an integer from 0 to 7,

e9 may be an integer from 0 to 9, and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

substituents Z₃₁to Z₃₄may be present on each ring through which the bond with the corresponding substituent passes.

For example, Ar₁may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-19. For example, Ar₁may be Formula 3-1

n1 in Formula 1 may be an integer from 0 to 20, wherein, when n1 is 2 or more, two or more of Ar₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other.

In an embodiment, n1 may be an integer from 1 to 20.

For example, n1 is an integer of 2 or more, for example, an integer of 2 to 6, and Ar₁(s) in the number of n1 may be the same as or different from each other.

For example, n1 may be an integer of 4 or more, and Ar₁(s) in the number of n1 may be identical to or different from each other.

For example, Ar₁(s) in the number of n1 may be identical to each other.

n2 in Formula 1 may be an integer from 1 to 21, wherein, when n2 is 2 or more, two or more of Ar₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other.

For example, n2 may be an integer selected from 1 to 3, and Ar₂(s) in the number of n2 may be the same as or different from each other.

For example, Ar₂(s) in the number of n2 may be identical to each other.

n1 and n2 in Formula 1 may satisfy the condition of n1+n225.

In an embodiment, the sum of n1 and n2 may be an integer from 5 to 21. For example, the sum of n1 and n2 may be from 5 to 20, 6 to 19, 7 to 18, 8 to 17, 9 to 16, 10 to 15, 11 to 14, or 12 to 13, and embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, the sum of n1 and n2 may be 5 to 10.

L₁in Formula 1-2 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group.

According to an embodiment, L₁may be selected from a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isooxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and a dibenzocarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a benzoisothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and a dibenzocarbazolylene group, each independently substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and a dibenzocarbazolylene group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, L₁may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 2-1 to 2-98, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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wherein, in Formulae 2-1 to 2-98,

Y₂₁may be O, S, N(Z₃), C(Z₃)(Z₄), or Si(Z₃)(Z₄),

Z₁to Z₄may each independently be selected from

d2 may be an integer from 0 to 2,

d3 may be an integer from 0 to 3,

d4 may be an integer from 0 to 4,

d5 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

d6 may be an integer from 0 to 6,

d8 may be an integer from 0 to 8, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring element, and

substituents Z₁₁and Z₁₂may be present on each ring through which the bond with the corresponding substituent passes.

m1 in Formula 1-2 may be an integer from 0 to 3, wherein, when m1 is 0, *-(L₁)m1-*′ indicates a chemical bond. For example, m1 may be 0.

M in Formula 1-1 may be B, Al, Si(R_a), Ge(R_a), P, P(═O), or P(═S).

In an embodiment, M may be B, Al, Si(R_a), P, or P(═O). For example, M may be B.

Ring CY₁to ring CY₅in Formula 1-1 may each independently be a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group or a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group.

In an embodiment, ring CY₁to ring CY₅may each independently be selected from a group selected from first rings, a group selected from second rings, a condensed ring which is formed by condensing two or more groups selected from first rings, a condensed ring which is formed by condensing two or more groups selected from second rings, and a condensed ring which is formed by condensing at least one first ring and at least one second ring, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

The first ring may be a cyclopenta-1,3-diene group, an indene group, an azulene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a tetracene group, a tetraphene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a triphenylene group, or a fluorene group, and

the second ring may be a furan group, a thiophene group, a pyrrole group, borole group, a silole group, a pyrrolidine group, an imidazole group, a thiazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, an indole group, an isoindole group, an indolizine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, an isoquinoxaline group, a carbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzosilole group, or a dibenzoborole group.

For example, ring CY₁to ring CY₅may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a fluorene group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a carbazole group, a dibenzo a furan group, a dibenzothiophene group, and a dibenzosilole group.

R_aand R₁to R₅in Formula 1-1 may each independently be selected from a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1, a binding site to Ar₂of Formula 1, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF₅, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroalkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), —B(Q₆)(Q₇), or —P(═O)(Q₈)(Q₉).

In an embodiment, R_aand R₁to R₅may each independently be

a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1, a binding site to Ar₂of Formula 1;

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, each independently substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, or a chrysenyl group,

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, or a carbazolyl group, each independently substituted with at least one of deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a cycloheptenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a benzoisothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a carbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇), or —P(═O)(Q₃₈)(Q₃₉); or

—Si(Q₃)(Q₄)(Q₅), —B(Q₆)(Q₇), or —P(═O)(Q₈)(Q₉);

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

a1 to a5 in Formula 1-1 may each independently be an integer from 1 to 10, wherein a1 indicates the number of R₁, and when a1 is 2 or more, two or more R₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other, a2 indicates the number of R₂, and when a2 is 2 or more, two or more R₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other, a3 indicates the number of R₃, and when a3 is 2 or more, two or more R₃(s) may be identical to or different from each other, a4 indicates the number of R₄, and when a4 is 2 or more, two or more R₄(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and a5 indicates the number of R₅, and when a5 is 2 or more, two or more R₅(s) may be identical to or different from each other.

In an embodiment, at least one of R₁(s) in the number of a1 may be a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1 or a binding site to Ar₂of Formula 1, at least one of R₂(s) in the number of a2 may be a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1 or a binding site to Ar₂of Formula 1, at least one of R₃(s) in the number of a3 may be a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1 or a binding site to Ar₂of Formula 1, at least one of R₄(s) in the number of a4 may be a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1 or a binding site to Ar₂of Formula 1, and at least one of R₅(s) in the number of a5 may be may be a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1 or a binding site to Ar₂of Formula 1.

In an embodiment, at least one of R₁(s) in the number of a1 may be a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1, at least one of R₂(s) in the number of a2 may be a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1, at least one of R₃(s) in the number of a3 may be a binding site to Ar₂of Formula 1, at least one of R₄(s) in the number of a4 may be a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1, and at least one of R₅(s) in the number of a5 may be a binding site to Ar₁of Formula 1.

In an embodiment, in relation to Formula 1, n1 may be an integer from 2 to 4, n2 may be an integer from 1 to 3, and Ar₁may be a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group or a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group which is substituted with at least one of deuterium and a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, and may be, for example, a C₆-C₃₀aryl group. For example, in relation to Formula 1, n1 may be 4, n2 may be 1, and Ar₁may be a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group substituted with at least one of deuterium and a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, for example, a C₆-C₃₀aryl group. In an embodiment, in relation to Formula 1, n1 may be 3, n2 may be 2, and Ar₁may be a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group substituted with at least one of deuterium and a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, for example, a C₆-C₃₀aryl group. For example, in relation to Formula 1, n1 may be 2, n2 may be 3, and Ar₁may be a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group substituted with at least one of deuterium and a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, for example, a C₆-C₃₀aryl group.

Two neighboring groups in R₁to R₅in Formula 1-1 may optionally be bonded to each other to form a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10bor a C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_10b. In this regard, R_10bmay be the same as described in connection with R₁.

In an embodiment, Formula 1-1 may be represented by Formula 1A:

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wherein, in Formula 1A,

M is the same as described above,

R_1ato R_1dare each the same as described in connection with R₁,

R_2ato R_2dare each the same as described in connection with R₂,

R_3ato R_3care each the same as described in connection with R₃,

R_4ato R_4eare each the same as described in connection with R₄, and

R_5ato R_5eare each the same as described in connection with R₅.

In an embodiment, at least one of R_1b, R_2b, R_3b, R_4b, R_4d, R_5b, and R_5din Formula 1a may be Ar₂.

For example, at least one of R_1b, R_2b, and R_3bin Formula 1a may be a binding site to Ar₂.

For example, in relation to Formula 1a, R_1cmay be a binding site to Ar₁, R_2cmay be a binding site to Ar₁, R_3bmay be a binding site to Ar₂, R_4cmay be a binding site to Ar₁, and R₅ custom-character may be a binding site to Ar₁.

In an embodiment, the polycyclic compound may be selected from Compounds 1 to 223:

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The polycyclic group represented by Formula 1 includes at least one Ar₂group represented by Formula 1-2 and a total of five or more of Ar₁and Ar₂groups in the condensed ring core. Accordingly, structure stabilization may be obtained through expansion of a non-covalent electron pair and a pi-conjugation, and due to electron donor-acceptor effects, stabilization of a material and short-wavelength emission may be obtained, and due to the inclusion of, as Ar₂, a carbazole group substituted with deuterium as represented by Formula 1-2, intramolecular vibrational movement is suppressed, and thus, molecular stability of a polycyclic compound when in an excited state is improved, thereby improving the lifespan characteristics of an organic light-emitting device.

Specifically, since the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 includes an aryl group of Ar₁in the condensed ring core, molecular stability is increased according to the extension of the conjugated range. Also, since the emission wavelength is shortened due to the introduction of the deuterium-substituted carbazole group of Ar₂and molecular stability according to an increase in the planarity of the molecular structure is increased, and molecular stability of a polycyclic compound when in an excited state is improved due to the suppression of intramolecular vibrational movement. Accordingly, an organic light-emitting device having a long lifespan and excellent color purity may be easily manufactured.

In addition, the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 does not simultaneously contain Ar₂group represented by Formula 1-2 and the arylamine group in terms of blue light emission. When the arylamine group is included as a substituent, the S₁value decreases and a red shift of the emission wavelength occurs and thus blue light of high color purity may not be obtained. For example, the S₁value of a compound according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be 2.8 eV or more, from which blue light emission of high color purity is obtained.

The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, S₁energy level, and T₁energy level of some of the polycyclic compounds represented by Formula 1 were evaluated using the Gaussian 16 program with the molecular structure optimization obtained by B3LYP-based density functional theory (DFT), and results thereof are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

HOMO
LUMO
S₁
T₁

Compound No.
(eV)
(eV)
(eV)
(eV)

Compound 223
−4.919
−1.368
3.032
2.574

Compound 2
−4.919
−1.368
3.032
2.574

From Table 1, it is confirmed that the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 has such electric characteristics that are suitable for use as a blue light-emitting dopant for an electric device, for example, an organic light-emitting device.

Synthesis method of the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be recognized by those skilled in the art with reference to the following Synthesis Examples.

The polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 is suitable for use in an organic layer of an organic light-emitting device, for example, for use as a dopant in an emission layer of the organic layer. Thus, another aspect provides an organic light-emitting device that includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer that is located between the first electrode and the second electrode and includes an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes at least one polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

In an embodiment, the polycyclic compound may be included in the emission layer.

In an embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host, and the polycyclic compound may be a light-emitting dopant. In this regard, the amount of host in the emission layer may be greater than the amount of the polycyclic compound.

In an embodiment, the emission layer may include a host compound, an organometallic complex compound, and the polycyclic compound. Herein, the organometallic complex compound may be a sensitizer which transfers the excitation energy of the host to a light-emitting dopant, and the polycyclic compound may emit blue light after receiving energy from the host or the organometallic complex compound.

In an embodiment, the emission layer may further include a host and a light-emitting dopant, and the polycyclic compound may be a sensitizer which transfers the excitation energy of the host to the light-emitting dopant. In this regard, the amount of host in the emission layer may be greater than the total amount of the light-emitting dopant and the sensitizer. The host will be described in detail.

The organic light-emitting device includes an organic layer including the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 as described above. Accordingly, such an organic light-emitting device may have a long lifespan and excellent color purity.

A polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be used between a pair of electrodes in an organic light-emitting device. In an embodiment, polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be included in the emission layer. In this regard, the polycyclic compound acts as a light-emitting dopant or a sensitizer, and the emission layer may further include a host (that is, the amount of polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 may be smaller than the amount of the host). The emission layer may emit blue light, for example, blue light having the maximum emission wavelength of 450 nm or more (for example, 450 nm or more and 500 nm or less).

The expression “(an organic layer) includes at least one polycyclic compound” as used herein may include a case in which “(an organic layer) includes identical polycyclic compounds represented by Formula 1” and a case in which “(an organic layer) includes two or more different polycyclic compounds represented by Formula 1”.

For example, the organic layer may include, as the polycyclic compound, only Compound 1. In this embodiment, Compound 1 may be included in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In one or more embodiments, the organic layer may include, as the polycyclic compound, Compound 1, and Compound 2. In this regard, Compound 1 and Compound 2 may exist in an identical layer (for example, Compound 1 and Compound 2 all may exist in an emission layer).

The first electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode, and the second electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode; or the first electrode may be a cathode, which is an electron injection electrode, and the second electrode may be an anode, which is a hole injection electrode.

In an embodiment, in the organic light-emitting device, the first electrode is an anode, and the second electrode is a cathode, and the organic layer may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, and the hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a buffer layer, or any combination thereof, and the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or any combination thereof.

The term “organic layer” used herein refers to a single layer and/or a plurality of layers between the first electrode and the second electrode of the organic light-emitting device. The “organic layer” may include, in addition to an organic compound, an organometallic complex including metal.

The term “sensitize” refers to a compound that is included in an organic layer (for example, an emission layer) and may deliver excitation energy to a light-emitting dopant compound.

[OLED System]

The organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment may include an emission layer including a host and a light-emitting dopant. The amount of the host in the emission layer may be greater than the amount of the polycyclic compound.

The host may include one or more compounds selected from a fluorescent host and a phosphorescent host which will be described later. When the host includes two or more mixed hosts, the mixed host may form an exciplex host.

The host will be described in detail later.

The light-emitting dopant may include the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

An organic light-emitting device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure may include an emission layer including a host, a sensitizer, and a light-emitting dopant. The amount of the host in the emission layer may be greater than the total amount of the light-emitting dopant and the sensitizer.

The host will be described in detail later.

At least one of the sensitizer and the light-emitting dopant may include the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

In an embodiment, the sensitizer may include the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1. In an embodiment, the sensitizer may include a compound having an energy relationship suitable to transfer the excited singlet energy and/or excited triplet energy to the light-emitting dopant, in relation to the light-emitting dopant.

In an embodiment, the sensitizer may include the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, and the light-emitting dopant may be a phosphorescent dopant.

The singlet excitons and triplet excitons of the polycyclic compound may be respectively delivered to the excited singlet and triplet energy levels of the phosphorescent dopant through Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and a dexter energy transfer (DET) mechanism, and the triplet excitons of the phosphorescent dopant exhibit phosphorescent emission.

In an embodiment, the sensitizer may include the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, and the light-emitting dopant may include a thermally activate delayed fluorescence (TADF) compound.

The singlet excitons and triplet excitons of the polycyclic compound may be respectively delivered to the excited singlet and excited triplet energy levels of the phosphorescent dopant through a FRET mechanism and a DET mechanism, and triplet excitons in the TADF compound may be converted to singlet excitons by reverse inter system crossing (RISC), and accumulated singlet excitons may be sequentially transitioned to a ground state, exhibiting fluorescence.

In an embodiment, the sensitizer includes the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, wherein the polycyclic compound may be a TADF compound, and the light-emitting dopant may include a phosphorescent dopant or a TADF compound.

In the TADF polycyclic compound, triplet excitons within the polycyclic compound are converted into singlet excitons by RISC, and at the same time, energy transfer to the light-emitting dopant by FRET and DET mechanisms may occur.

Since the sensitizer contains the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, the triplet-triplet annihilation of the triplet excitons may be suppressed and the luminescence efficiency of the light-emitting dopant may be improved.

In an embodiment, the light-emitting dopant includes the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1, and the sensitizer may include a TADF compound or an organometallic compound. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. Any compound that can transmit excitons to a polycyclic compound may be included.

The excitons formed in the sensitizer are transferred to a light-emitting dopant compound through a DET mechanism or a FRET mechanism, and the excitons energy transferred to the light-emitting dopant compound may be transitioned to a ground state, emitting light.

In this regard, the excitons of the sensitizer may be formed by the FRET mechanism from the host compound, or by the delivery of excitons generated from the host by the DET mechanism.

In an embodiment, the sensitizer may be a TADF compound.

In addition, the sensitizer may satisfy Equation 1 below:

ΔE_ST≤0.3 eV Equation 1

In this regard, ΔE_STrefers to the energy difference between the lowest excited singlet (S₁) and the lowest excited triplet (T₁).

The TADF compound includes singlet excitons and triplet excitons, and triplet excitons can be transferred to singlet excitons by RISC, and the singlet excitons accumulated in the singlet of the sensitizer may be energy-transitioned to the polycyclic compound by FRET and/or DET.

In an embodiment, the sensitizer may be an organometallic compound. In an embodiment, the sensitizer may be an organometallic compound including Pt as a central metal, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The organometallic compound includes singlet excitons and triplet excitons, and in the case of triplet excitons, energy can be transferred to the excited triplet energy of the polycyclic compound by the DET mechanism.

The organometallic compound may satisfy Equation 1 above, and when Equation 1 is satisfied, excitons may be delivered to the excited singlet and excited triplet energy levels of the polycyclic compound by a mechanism similar to the mechanism applied to the TADF compound, that is, the FRET and/or DET mechanism.

In an embodiment, the excited singlet energy level and the excited triplet energy level of the sensitizer may be lower than the excited singlet energy and excited triplet energy of the host. Therefore, excited singlet and triplet energy transfer from the host to the sensitizer may easily occur.

In an embodiment, the sensitizer and the light-emitting dopant may each independently have the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

As a result, energy transfer between the sensitizer and the light-emitting dopant is facilitated by FRET and DET mechanisms, and it is easy to manufacture a high-efficiency organic light-emitting device by suppressing triplet-triplet annihilation.

In general, it is known that since triplet excitons stay long in an excited state, they influence the decrease in the lifespan of organic light-emitting devices. However, according to the present disclosure, due to the use of the polycyclic compound, the time during which the sensitizer stays in the triplet excitons is reduced, and thus, the lifespan of an organic light-emitting device including the same may be prolonged.

In an embodiment, the polycyclic compound is a material capable of emitting fluorescent light. An emission layer emitting the fluorescent light is clearly distinguished from an emission layer of the related art that emits phosphorescent light.

In an embodiment, the polycyclic compound may emit TADF light.

The excited singlet and excited triplet energy levels of the polycyclic compound may be lower than the excited singlet and excited triplet energy levels of the host compound described later. Accordingly, singlet excitons and/or triplet excitons are easily transitioned from the host compound to the polycyclic compound.

The polycyclic compound may receive singlet excitons and/or triplet excitons from the sensitizer.

In an embodiment, when the sensitizer is a TADF compound, the excited singlet energy level of the polycyclic compound is lower than the excited singlet energy level of the sensitizer, and the polycyclic compound may receive singlet excitons from the excited singlet of the sensitizer by the FRET and/or DET mechanism.

In an embodiment, when the sensitizer is an organometallic compound, the excited triplet energy level of the polycyclic compound is lower than the excited triplet level of the sensitizer, and the polycyclic compound may receive triplet excitons from the sensitizer by DET mechanism.

When the sensitizer is a TADF compound or an organometallic compound, the polycyclic compound may further receive singlet excitons and/or triplet excitons from the host, and the triplet excitons received from the host may be transitioned to singlet energy of the polycyclic compound by RISC.

Due to this mechanism, triplet-triplet annihilation may be suppressed by reducing the time during which excitons stay in the excited triplet energy of the polycyclic compound, and high-efficiency fluorescent light emission is realized through the transition of multiple singlet excitons to the ground state.

The amount of the sensitizer in the emission layer may be from about 5 weight percentage (wt %) to about 50 wt %, for example, from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt %, from about 5 wt % to about 30 wt %, from about 5 wt % to about 20 wt %, from about 5 wt % to about 10 wt %, from about 10 wt % to about 50 wt %, from about 15 wt % to about 50 wt %, from about 20 wt % to about 50 wt %, from about 25 wt % to about 50 wt %, from about 30 wt % to about 50 wt %, from about 35 wt % to about 50 wt %, from about 40 wt % to about 50 wt %, or from about 45 wt % to about 50 wt %. Within these ranges, it is possible to achieve effective energy transfer in the emission layer, and accordingly, an organic light-emitting device having high efficiency and long lifespan can be obtained.

In an embodiment, the host, the polycyclic compound, and the sensitizer may satisfy Equation 2:

T₁(H)/S₁(H)≥T₁(S)/S₁(S)≥T₁(PC)/S₁(PC) Equation 2

, wherein, in Equation 2,

T₁(H) is the lowest excited triplet energy level of the host,

S₁(H) is the lowest excited singlet energy level of the host;

T₁(PC) is the lowest excited triplet energy level of the polycyclic compound;

S₁(PC) is the lowest excited singlet energy level of the polycyclic compound;

T₁(S) is the lowest excited triplet energy level of the sensitizer; and

S₁(S) is the lowest excited singlet energy level of the sensitizer.

When the host, the polycyclic compound, and the sensitizer further satisfy Equation 2, triplet excitons may be effectively transferred from the emission layer to the polycyclic compound, thereby obtaining an organic light-emitting device with improved efficiency.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 angstrom (Å) to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 600 Å, about 200 Å to about 600 Å, about 300 Å to about 500 Å, about 400 Å to about 800 Å, or about 500 Å to about 900 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within these ranges, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Description of FIG. 1

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. Hereinafter, the structure of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and a method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in connection with FIG. 1.

The organic light-emitting device 10 of FIG. 1 includes a first electrode 11, a second electrode 19 facing the first electrode 11, and an organic layer 10A between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 19.

The organic layer 10A includes an emission layer 15, a hole transport region 12 may be located between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer 15, and an electron transport region 17 may be located between the emission layer 15 and the second electrodes 19.

A substrate may be additionally located under the first electrode 11 or above the second electrode 19. For use as the substrate, any substrate that is used in organic light-emitting devices available in the art may be used, and the substrate may be a glass substrate or a transparent plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance.

[First Electrode 11]

In one or more embodiments, the first electrode 11 may be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 11 on the substrate. The first electrode 11 may be an anode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate hole injection. The first electrode 11 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. The material for forming the first electrode 11 may be indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), or zinc oxide (ZnO). In one or more embodiments, the material for forming the first electrode 11 may be metal, such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), or magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag).

The first electrode 11 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 11 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 11 is not limited thereto.

The organic layer 10A is located on the first electrode 11.

The organic layer 10A may include a hole transport region 12, an emission layer 15, and an electron transport region 17.

[Hole Transport Region 12]

The hole transport region 12 may be located between the first electrode 11 and the emission layer 15 of the organic light-emitting device 10.

The hole transport region 12 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure.

For example, the hole transport region 12 may have a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/first hole transport layer/second hole transport layer structure, a hole transport layer/middle layer structure, a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/middle layer structure, a hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, or a hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer structure, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The hole transport region 12 may include any compound having hole transport properties.

For example, the hole transport region 12 may include an amine-based compound.

In an embodiment, the hole transport region 1 may include at least one selected from a compound represented by Formula 201 to a compound represented by Formula 205, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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wherein, in Formulae 201 to 205,

L₂₀₁to L₂₀₉may each independently *-be O—*′, *—S—*′, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,

xa1 to xa9 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 5, and

R₂₀₁to R₂₀₆may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein neighboring two groups of R₂₀₁to R₂₀₆may optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group.

For example, L₂₀₁to L₂₀₉may be a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, a heptalene group, an indacene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a corogen group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, or a triindolobenzene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), or any combination thereof,

xa1 to xa9 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, and

R₂₀₁to R₂₀₆may each independently be a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an indeno carbazolyl group, an indolocarbazolyl group, a benzofurocarbazolyl group, or a benzothienocarbazolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), or any combination thereof.

Q₁₁to Q₁₃and Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 12 may include a carbazole-containing amine-based compound.

In an embodiment, the hole transport region 12 may include a carbazole-containing amine-based compound and a carbazole-free amine-based compound.

The carbazole-containing amine-based compound may be selected from, for example, compounds represented by Formula 201 including a carbazole group and further including at least one selected from a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, and a benzothienocarbazole group.

The carbazole-free amine-based compound may be selected from, for example, compounds represented by Formula 201 which do not include a carbazole group and which include at least one selected from a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, and a benzothienocarbazole group.

In one or more embodiments, the hole transport region 12 may include at least one selected from compounds represented by Formulae 201 or 202.

In an embodiment, the hole transport region 12 may include at least one selected from compounds represented by Formulae 201-1, 202-1 and 201-2, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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In Formulae 201-1, 202-1, and 201-2, L₂₀₁to L₂₀₃, L₂₀₅, xa1 to xa3, xa5, R₂₀₁and R₂₀₂are the same as described herein, and R₂₁₁to R₂₁₃are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a dimethylfluorenyl group, a diphenylfluorenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, or a pyridinyl group.

For example, the hole transport region 12 may include at least one selected from Compounds HT1 to HT39, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

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In one or more embodiments, hole transport region 12 of the organic light-emitting device 10 may further include a p-dopant. When the hole transport region 12 further includes a p-dopant, the hole transport region 12 may have a matrix (for example, at least one of compounds represented by Formulae 201 to 205) and a p-dopant included in the matrix. The p-dopant may be uniformly or non-uniformly doped in the hole transport region 12.

In an embodiment, the LUMO energy level of the p-dopant may be −3.5 eV or less.

The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In an embodiment, the p-dopant may include at least one selected from:

a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), and F6-TCNNQ;

a metal oxide, such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide;

1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN); and

a compound represented by Formula 221 below,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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In Formula 221,

R₂₂₁to R₂₂₃may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and at least one selected from R₂₂₁to R₂₂₃may have at least one substituent selected from a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group substituted with —F, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group substituted with —C1, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group substituted with —Br, and a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group substituted with —I.

The hole transport region 12 may have a thickness of about 100 Å to about 10000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 1000 Å, about 400 Å to about 2000 Å, about 500 Å to about 3000 Å, about 600 Å to about 4000 Å, about 700 Å to about 5000 Å, about 800 Å to about 6000 Å, about 900 Å to about 7000 Å, about 1000 Å to about 8000 Å, or about 2000 Å to about 9000 Å, and the emission layer 15 may have a thickness of about 100 Å to about 3000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 500 Å, about 300 Å to about 1000 Å, about 400 Å to about 1500 Å, about 500 Å to about 2000 Å, or about 600 Å to about 2500 Å. When the thickness of each of the hole transport region 12 and the emission layer 15 is within these ranges described above, satisfactory hole transportation characteristics and/or luminescent characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[Emission Layer 15]

The emission layer may further include a host, and the light-emitting dopant may include the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1. The host may include no metal atoms.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include one kind of host. When the host includes one host, the one host may be selected from a bipolar host, an electron transport host, and a hole transport host, which will be described later.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include a mixture of two or more different hosts. For example, the host may be a mixture of an electron transport host and a hole transport host, a mixture of two types of electron transport hosts different from each other, or a mixture of two types of hole transport hosts different from each other. The electron transport host and the hole transport host may be understood by referring to the related description to be presented later.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include an electron transport host including at least one electron transport moiety and a hole transport host that is free of an electron transport moiety.

The electron transport moiety used herein may be selected from a cyano group, a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, and a group represented by one of the following Formulae:

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In the formulae, *, *′, and *″ are each binding sites to neighboring atoms.

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport host of the emission layer may include at least one of a cyano group and a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport host in the emission layer may include at least one cyano group.

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport host in the emission layer may include at least one cyano group and at least one π electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include an electron transport host and a hole transport host, wherein the electron transport host may include at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group and at least one electron transport moiety, and the hole transport host may include at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group and may not include an electron transport moiety.

The term “π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group” used herein refers to a cyclic group having at least one *—N=*′ moiety, and for example, may be selected from an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group, and a condensed cyclic group in which two or more π electron-efficient nitrogen-containing cyclic groups are condensed with each other.

Meanwhile, the π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group may be selected from a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a corogen group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group; and a condensed cyclic group of two or more π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic groups, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport host may be selected from compounds represented by Formula E-1, and

the hole transport host may be selected from compounds represented by Formula H-1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

[Ar₃₀₁]_xb11-[(L₃₀₁)_xb1-R₃₀₁]_xb21 Formula E-1

wherein, in Formula E-1,

Ar₃₀₁may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group,

xb11 may be 1,2, or 3,

L₃₀₁may each independently be selected from a single bond, a group represented by the following formula, a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group, and *, *′ and *″ in the following formulae are each a binding site to a neighboring atom,

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xb1 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

R₃₀₁may be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃), —N(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), —B(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₀₁), —S(═O)(Q₃₀₁), —P(═O)(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), and —P(═S)(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂),

xb21 may be an integer from 1 to 5,

Q₃₀₁to Q₃₀₃are each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, and

at least one of Condition 1 to Condition 3 is satisfied:

Condition 1

Ar₃₀₁, L₃₀₁, and R₃₀₁in Formula E-1 may each independently include a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group.

Condition 2

L₃₀₁in Formula E-1 is a group represented by the following groups:

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Condition 3

R₃₀₁in Formula E-1 may be selected from a cyano group, —S(═O)₂(Q₃₀₁), —S(═O)(Q₃₀₁), —P(═O)(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), and —P(═S)(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂).

Ar₄₀₁-(L₄₀₁)_xd1-(Ar₄₀₂)_xd11 Formula H-1

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wherein, in Formulae H-1, 11, and 12,

L₄₀₁may be selected from:

a single bond; and

a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a corogen group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, and a triindolobenzene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, and —Si(Q₄₀₄)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃),

xd1 may be an integer from 1 to 10, wherein when xd1 is 2 or more, two or more of L₄₀₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

Ar₄₀₁may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 11 and 12,

Ar₄₀₂may be selected from:

groups represented by Formula 11 and 12, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group,

xd11 may be an integer from 1 to 10, wherein, when xd11 is 2 or more two or more of Ar₄₀₂(s) may be identical to each other or different from each other,

CY₄₀₁and CY₄₀₂may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzosilole group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, and a benzonaphthosilole group,

A₂₁may be selected from a single bond, O, S, N(R₅₁), C(R₅₁)(R₅₂), and Si(R₅₁)(R₅₂),

A₂₂may be selected from a single bond, O, S, N(R₅₃), C(R₅₃)(R₅₄), and Si(R₅₃)(R₅₄),

at least one selected from A₂₁and A₂₂in Formula 12 is not a single bond,

R₅₁to R₅₄, R₆₀, and R₇₀may each independently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

a π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group (for example, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group), each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, and a biphenyl group; and

—Si(Q₄₀₄)(Q₄₀₅)(Q₄₀₆),

e1 and e2 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 10,

Q₄₀₁to Q₄₀₆may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a triphenylenyl group, and

* indicates a binding site to an adjacent atom.

In one or more embodiments, Ar₃₀₁and L₃₀₁in Formula E-1 may each independently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

at least one of L₃₀₁(s) in the number of xb1 may each independently be selected from an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano group-containing phenyl group, a cyano group-containing biphenyl group, a cyano group-containing terphenyl group, a cyano group-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

R₃₀₁may be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a tetraphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing tetraphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, Ar₃₀₁may be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group, each unsubstituted or substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂); and

groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and Formulae 6-1 to 6-33, and

L₃₀₁may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and Formulae 6-1 to 6-33:

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wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-3 and 6-1 to 6-33,

Z₁may be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, a cyano-containing naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a phenylpyridinyl group, a diphenylpyridinyl group, a biphenylpyridinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phenylpyrazinyl group, a diphenylpyrazinyl group, a biphenylpyrazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a phenylpyridazinyl group, a diphenylpyridazinyl group, a biphenylpyridazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyridazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a phenylpyrimidinyl group, a diphenylpyrimidinyl group, a biphenylpyrimidinyl group, a di(biphenyl)pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a phenyltriazinyl group, a diphenyltriazinyl group, a biphenyltriazinyl group, a di(biphenyl)triazinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

d4 may be 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4,

d3 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3,

d2 may be 0,1, or 2, and

* and *′ each indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

wherein Q₃₁to Q₃₃are the same as described above.

In one or more embodiments, L₃₀₁may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-2, 5-3 and 6-8 to 6-33.

In one or more embodiments, R₃₀₁may be selected from a cyano group and groups represented by Formula 7-1 to 7-18, and at least one of Ar₄₀₂(s) in the number of xd11 may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 7-1 to 7-18, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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wherein, in Formulae 7-1 to 7-18,

xb41 to xb44 may each be 0, 1, or 2, wherein xb41 in Formula 7-10 is not 0, the sum of xb41 and xb42 in Formulae 7-11 to 7-13 is not 0, the sum of xb41, xb42, and xb43 in Formulae 7-14 to 7-16 is not 0, the sum of xb41, xb42, xb43, and xb44 in Formulae 7-17 and 7-18 is not 0, and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

Two or more Ar₃₀₁(s) in Formula E-1 may be identical to or different from each other, two or more of L₃₀₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other, two or more of L₄₀₁(s) in Formula H-1 may be identical to or different from each other, and two or more of Ar₄₀₂(s) in Formula H-1 may be identical to or different from each other.

In an embodiment, the electron transport host includes i) at least one of a cyano group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, and a triazine group and ii) a triphenylene group, and the hole transport host may include a carbazole group.

In one or more embodiments, the electron transport host may include at least one cyano group.

The electron transport host may be, for example, selected from groups HE1 to HE7, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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In an embodiment, the hole transport host may be selected from Compounds H-H1 to H-H104, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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In an embodiment, the bipolar host may be selected from group HEM, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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wherein, in Compounds 1 to 432,

Ph may be a phenyl group.

When the host is a mixture of an electron transport host and a hole transport host, the weight ratio of the electron transport host and hole transport host may be about 1:9 to about 9:1, for example, about 2:8 to about 8:2, for example, about 4:6 to about 6:4, for example, about 5:5. When the weight ratio of the electron transport host and the hole transport host satisfies the above-described ranges, the hole-and-electron transport balance in the emission layer may be made.

In an embodiment, the host may include at least one selected from TPBi, TBADN, ADN (also referred to as “DNA”), CBP, CDBP, TCP, mCP, and Compound H50 to Compound H52:

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In one or more embodiments, the host may further include a compound represented by Formula 301:

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Ar₁₁₁and Ar₁₁₂in Formula 301 may each independently be:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, and a pyrenylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, and a pyrenylene group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthracenyl group.

Ar₁₁₃to Ar₁₁₆in Formula 301 may each independently be:

a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a pyrenyl group; and

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a pyrenyl group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthracenyl group.

g, h, i, and j in Formula 301 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4, and may be, for example, 0, 1, or 2.

Ar₁₁₃and Ar₁₁₆in Formula 301 may each independently be:

a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, substituted with at least one selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and an anthracenyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, and a fluorenyl group; and

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but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 302 below:

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Ar₁₂₂to Ar₁₂₅in Formula 302 are the same as described in detail in connection with Ar₁₁₃in Formula 301.

Ar₁₂₆and Ar₁₂₇in Formula 302 may each independently be a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group).

k and l in Formula 302 may each independently be an integer from 0 to 4. For example, k and l may be 0, 1, or 2.

When the organic light-emitting device is a full-color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer. In one or more embodiments, due to a stacked structure including a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer, the emission layer may emit white light.

When the emission layer includes a host and a light-emitting dopant, an amount of the light-emitting dopant may be in a range of about 0.01 parts by weight to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, for example, about 0.01 parts by weight to about 12 parts by weight, about 0.01 parts by weight to about 10 parts by weight, about 0.01 parts by weight to about 8 parts by weight, about 0.01 parts by weight to about 6 parts by weight, about 0.01 parts by weight to about 4 parts by weight, or about 0.01 parts by weight to about 2 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 800 Å, about 200 Å to about 600 Å or about 300 Å to about 400 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within these ranges, excellent light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The sensitizer may include the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

In this case, the sensitizer may include an organic metallic compound including at least one metal selected from Period 1 transition metal, Period 2 transition metal, and Period 3 transition metal.

In an embodiment, the sensitizer may include metal (M₁₁) of at least one selected from a first-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, a second-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, and a third-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, and an organic ligand (L₁), and L₁and M₁may form 1, 2, 3, or 4 cyclometallated rings.

In an embodiment, the sensitizer may include an organometallic compound represented by Formula 101:

M₁₁(L₁)_n1(L₂)_n2 Formula 101

wherein, in Formula 101,

M₁₁is selected from a first-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, a second-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements, and a third-row transition metal of the Periodic Table of Elements;

L₁is a ligand represented by one of Formulae 10-1 to 10-4;

L₂may be selected from a monodentate ligand and a bidentate ligand;

n1 may be 1;

n2 may be selected from 0, 1, and 2;

wherein, in Formulae 10-1 to 10-4,

A₁to A₄may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group, and a non-cyclic group,

Y₁₁to Y₁₄may each independently be a chemical bond, O, S, N(R₉₁), B(R₉₁), P(R₉₁), or C(R₉₁)(R₉₂),

T₁to T₄may each independently be selected from a single bond, a double bond, *—N(R₉₃)—*′, *—B(R₉₃)—*′, *—P(R₉₃)—*′, *—C(R₉₃)(R₉₄)—*′, *—Si(R₉₃)(R₉₄)—*′, *—Ge(R₉₃)(R₉₄)—*′, *—S—*, *—Se—*′, *—O—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)—*′, *—S(═O)₂—*, *—C(R₉₃)=*, *═C(R₉₃)—*, *—C(R₉₃)═C(R₉₄)—*′, *—C(═S)—*′, and *—C≡C—*′,

A substituent of the substituted C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group, a substituent of substituted C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group, and R₉₁to R₉₄may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —SF₅, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂), wherein each of a substituent of the substituted C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group and a substituent of substituted C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group is not hydrogen,

*₁, *₂, *₃, and *₄each indicate a binding site to M₁₁, and

Q₁to Q₃may each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₇-C₆₀alkylaryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkyl heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group that is substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, and a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, and a C₆-C₆₀aryl group that is substituted with deuterium, —F, a cyano group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, and a C₆-C₆₀aryl group.

In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may be selected from Groups I to VI, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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text missing or illegible when filed

text missing or illegible when filed

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Group V

a compound represented by Formula A below:

(L101)n101-M101-(L102)m101 Formula A

L₁₀₁, n₁₀₁, M₁₀₁, L₁₀₂, and m101 in Formula A are the same as described in connection with Tables 2 to 4:

TABLE 2

Compound
L₁₀₁
n101
M₁₀₁
L₁₀₂
m101

BD001
LM1
3
Ir
—
0

BD002
LM2
3
Ir
—
0

BD003
LM3
3
Ir
—
0

BD004
LM4
3
Ir
—
0

BD005
LM5
3
Ir
—
0

BD006
LM6
3
Ir
—
0

BD007
LM7
3
Ir
—
0

BD008
LM8
3
Ir
—
0

BD009
LM9
3
Ir
—
0

BD010
LM10
3
Ir
—
0

BD011
LM11
3
Ir
—
0

BD012
LM12
3
Ir
—
0

BD013
LM13
3
Ir
—
0

BD014
LM14
3
Ir
—
0

BD015
LM15
3
Ir
—
0

BD016
LM16
3
Ir
—
0

BD017
LM17
3
Ir
—
0

BD018
LM18
3
Ir
—
0

BD019
LM19
3
Ir
—
0

BD020
LM20
3
Ir
—
0

BD021
LM21
3
Ir
—
0

BD022
LM22
3
Ir
—
0

BD023
LM23
3
Ir
—
0

BD024
LM24
3
Ir
—
0

BD025
LM25
3
Ir
—
0

BD026
LM26
3
Ir
—
0

BD027
LM27
3
Ir
—
0

BD028
LM28
3
Ir
—
0

BD029
LM29
3
Ir
—
0

BD030
LM30
3
Ir
—
0

BD031
LM31
3
Ir
—
0

BD032
LM32
3
Ir
—
0

BD033
LM33
3
Ir
—
0

BD034
LM34
3
Ir
—
0

BD035
LM35
3
Ir
—
0

BD036
LM36
3
Ir
—
0

BD037
LM37
3
Ir
—
0

BD038
LM38
3
Ir
—
0

BD039
LM39
3
Ir
—
0

BD040
LM40
3
Ir
—
0

BD041
LM41
3
Ir
—
0

BD042
LM42
3
Ir
—
0

BD043
LM43
3
Ir
—
0

BD044
LM44
3
Ir
—
0

BD045
LM45
3
Ir
—
0

BD046
LM46
3
Ir
—
0

BD047
LM47
3
Ir
—
0

BD048
LM48
3
Ir
—
0

BD049
LM49
3
Ir
—
0

BD050
LM50
3
Ir
—
0

BD051
LM51
3
Ir
—
0

BD052
LM52
3
Ir
—
0

BD053
LM53
3
Ir
—
0

BD054
LM54
3
Ir
—
0

BD055
LM55
3
Ir
—
0

BD056
LM56
3
Ir
—
0

BD057
LM57
3
Ir
—
0

BD058
LM58
3
Ir
—
0

BD059
LM59
3
Ir
—
0

BD060
LM60
3
Ir
—
0

BD061
LM61
3
Ir
—
0

BD062
LM62
3
Ir
—
0

BD063
LM63
3
Ir
—
0

BD064
LM64
3
Ir
—
0

BD065
LM65
3
Ir
—
0

BD066
LM66
3
Ir
—
0

BD067
LM67
3
Ir
—
0

BD068
LM68
3
Ir
—
0

BD069
LM69
3
Ir
—
0

BD070
LM70
3
Ir
—
0

BD071
LM71
3
Ir
—
0

BD072
LM72
3
Ir
—
9

BD073
LM73
3
Ir
—
0

BD074
LM74
3
Ir
—
0

BD075
LM75
3
Ir
—
0

BD076
LM76
3
Ir
—
0

BD077
LM77
3
Ir
—
0

BD078
LM78
3
Ir
—
0

BD079
LM79
3
Ir
—
0

BD080
LM80
3
Ir
—
0

BD081
LM81
3
Ir
—
0

BD082
LM82
3
Ir
—
0

BD083
LM83
3
Ir
—
0

BD084
LM84
3
Ir
—
0

BD085
LM85
3
Ir
—
0

BD086
LM86
3
Ir
—
0

BD087
LM87
3
Ir
—
0

BD088
LM88
3
Ir
—
0

BD089
LM89
3
Ir
—
0

BD090
LM90
3
Ir
—
0

BD091
LM91
3
Ir
—
0

BD092
LM92
3
Ir
—
0

BD093
LM93
3
Ir
—
0

BD094
LM94
3
Ir
—
0

BD095
LM95
3
Ir
—
0

BD096
LM96
3
Ir
—
0

BD097
LM97
3
Ir
—
0

BD093
LM98
3
Ir
—
0

BD099
LM99
3
Ir
—
0

BD100
LM100
3
Ir
—
0

TABLE 3

Compound
L₁₀₁
n101
M₁₀₁
L₁₀₂
m101

BD101
LM101
3
Ir
—
0

BD102
LM102
3
Ir
—
0

BD103
LM103
3
Ir
—
0

BD104
LM104
3
Ir
—
0

BD105
LM105
3
Ir
—
0

BD106
LM106
3
Ir
—
0

BD107
LM107
3
Ir
—
0

BD108
LM108
3
Ir
—
0

BD109
LM109
3
Ir
—
0

BD110
LM110
3
Ir
—
0

BD111
LM111
3
Ir
—
0

BD112
LM112
3
Ir
—
0

BD113
LM113
3
Ir
—
0

BD114
LM114
3
Ir
—
0

BD115
LM115
3
Ir
—
0

BD116
LM116
3
Ir
—
0

BD117
LM117
3
Ir
—
0

BD118
LM118
3
Ir
—
0

BD119
LM119
3
Ir
—
0

BD120
LM120
3
Ir
—
0

BD121
LM121
3
Ir
—
0

BD122
LM122
3
Ir
—
0

BD123
LM123
3
Ir
—
0

BD124
LM124
3
Ir
—
0

BD125
LM125
3
Ir
—
0

BD126
LM126
3
Ir
—
0

BD127
LM127
3
Ir
—
0

BD128
LM128
3
Ir
—
0

BD129
LM129
3
Ir
—
0

BD130
LM130
3
Ir
—
0

BD131
LM131
3
Ir
—
0

BD132
LM132
3
Ir
—
0

BD133
LM133
3
Ir
—
0

BD134
LM134
3
Ir
—
0

BD135
LM135
3
Ir
—
0

BD136
LM136
3
Ir
—
0

BD137
LM137
3
Ir
—
0

BD138
LM138
3
Ir
—
0

BD139
LM139
3
Ir
—
0

BD140
LM140
3
Ir
—
0

BD141
LM141
3
Ir
—
0

BD142
LM142
3
Ir
—
0

BD143
LM143
3
Ir
—
0

BD144
LM144
3
Ir
—
0

BD145
LM145
3
Ir
—
0

BD146
LM146
3
Ir
—
0

BD147
LM147
3
Ir
—
0

BD148
LM148
3
Ir
—
0

BD149
LM149
3
Ir
—
0

BD150
LM150
3
Ir
—
0

BD151
LM151
3
Ir
—
0

BD152
LM152
3
Ir
—
0

BD153
LM153
3
Ir
—
0

BD154
LM154
3
Ir
—
0

BD155
LM155
3
Ir
—
0

BD156
LM156
3
Ir
—
0

BD157
LM157
3
Ir
—
0

BD158
LM158
3
Ir
—
0

BD159
LM159
3
Ir
—
0

BD160
LM160
3
Ir
—
0

BD161
LM161
3
Ir
—
0

BD162
LM162
3
Ir
—
0

BD163
LM163
3
Ir
—
0

BD164
LM164
3
Ir
—
0

BD165
LM165
3
Ir
—
0

BD166
LM166
3
Ir
—
0

BD167
LM167
3
Ir
—
0

BD168
LM168
3
Ir
—
0

BD169
LM169
3
Ir
—
0

BD170
LM170
3
Ir
—
0

BD171
LM171
3
Ir
—
0

BD172
LM172
3
Ir
—
0

BD173
LM173
3
Ir
—
0

BD174
LM174
3
Ir
—
0

BD175
LM175
3
Ir
—
0

BD176
LM176
3
Ir
—
0

BD177
LM177
3
Ir
—
0

BD178
LM178
3
Ir
—
0

BD179
LM179
3
Ir
—
0

BD180
LM180
3
Ir
—
0

BD181
LM181
3
Ir
—
0

BD182
LM182
3
Ir
—
0

BD183
LM183
3
Ir
—
0

BD184
LM184
3
Ir
—
0

BD185
LM185
3
Ir
—
0

BD186
LM186
3
Ir
—
0

BD187
LM187
3
Ir
—
0

BD188
LM188
3
Ir
—
0

BD189
LM189
3
Ir
—
0

BD190
LM190
3
Ir
—
0

BD191
LM191
3
Ir
—
0

BD192
LM192
3
Ir
—
0

BD193
LM193
3
Ir
—
0

BD184
LM194
3
Ir
—
0

BD195
LM195
3
Ir
—
0

BD196
LM196
3
Ir
—
0

BD197
LM197
3
Ir
—
0

BD198
LM198
3
Ir
—
0

BD199
LM199
3
Ir
—
0

BD200
LM200
3
Ir
—
0

TABLE 4

Compound Name
L₁₀₁
n101
M₁₀₁
L₁₀₂
m101

BD201
LM201
3
Ir
—
0

BD202
LM202
3
Ir
—
0

BD203
LM203
3
Ir
—
0

BD204
LM204
3
Ir
—
0

BD205
LM205
3
Ir
—
0

BD206
LM206
3
Ir
—
0

BD207
LM207
3
Ir
—
0

BD208
LM208
3
Ir
—
0

BD209
LM209
3
Ir
—
0

BD210
LM210
3
Ir
—
0

BD211
LM211
3
Ir
—
0

BD212
LM212
3
Ir
—
0

BD213
LM213
3
Ir
—
0

BD214
LM214
3
Ir
—
0

BD215
LM215
3
Ir
—
0

BD216
LM216
3
Ir
—
0

BD217
LM217
3
Ir
—
0

BD218
LM218
3
Ir
—
0

BD219
LM219
3
Ir
—
0

BD220
LM220
3
Ir
—
0

BD221
LM221
3
Ir
—
0

BD222
LM222
3
Ir
—
0

BD223
LM223
3
Ir
—
0

BD224
LM224
3
Ir
—
0

BD225
LM225
3
Ir
—
0

BD226
LM226
3
Ir
—
0

BD227
LM227
3
Ir
—
0

BD228
LM228
3
Ir
—
0

BD229
LM229
3
Ir
—
0

BD230
LM230
3
Ir
—
0

BD231
LM231
3
Ir
—
0

BD232
LM232
3
Ir
—
0

BD233
LM233
3
Ir
—
0

BD234
LM234
3
Ir
—
0

BD235
LM235
3
Ir
—
0

BD236
LM236
3
Ir
—
0

BD237
LM237
3
Ir
—
0

BD238
LM238
3
Ir
—
0

BD239
LM239
3
Ir
—
0

BD240
LM240
3
Ir
—
0

BD241
LM241
3
Ir
—
0

BD242
LM242
3
Ir
—
0

BD243
LM243
3
Ir
—
0

BD244
LFM1
3
Ir
—
0

BD245
LFM2
3
Ir
—
0

BD246
LFM3
3
Ir
—
0

BD247
LFM4
3
Ir
—
0

BD248
LFM5
3
Ir
—
0

BD249
LFM6
3
Ir
—
0

BD250
LFM7
3
Ir
—
0

BD251
LFP1
3
Ir
—
0

BD252
LFP2
3
Ir
—
0

BD253
LFP3
3
Ir
—
0

BD254
LFP4
3
Ir
—
0

BD255
LFP5
3
Ir
—
0

BD256
LFP6
3
Ir
—
0

BD257
LFP7
3
Ir
—
0

BD258
LM47
2
Ir
AN1
1

BD259
LM47
2
Ir
AN2
1

BD260
LM47
2
Ir
AN3
1

BD261
LM47
2
Ir
AN4
1

BD262
LM47
2
Ir
AN5
1

BD263
LM11
2
Pt
—
0

BD264
LM13
2
Pt
—
0

BD265
LM15
2
Pt
—
0

BD266
LM45
2
Pt
—
0

BD267
LM47
2
Pt
—
0

BD268
LM49
2
Pt
—
0

BD269
LM98
2
Pt
—
0

BD270
LM100
2
Pt
—
0

BD271
LM102
2
Pt
—
0

BD272
LM132
2
Pt
—
0

BD273
LM134
2
Pt
—
0

BD274
LM136
2
Pt
—
0

BD275
LM151
2
Pt
—
0

BD276
LM153
2
Pt
—
0

BD277
LM158
2
Pt
—
0

BD278
LM180
2
Pt
—
0

BD279
LM182
2
Pt
—
0

BD280
LM187
2
Pt
—
0

BD281
LM201
2
Pt
—
0

BD282
LM206
2
Pt
—
0

BD283
LM211
2
Pt
—
0

BD284
LM233
2
Pt
—
0

BD285
LM235
2
Pt
—
0

BD286
LM240
2
Pt
—
0

BD287
LFM5
2
Pt
—
0

BD288
LFM6
2
Pt
—
0

BD289
LFM7
2
Pt
—
0

BD290
LFP5
2
Pt
—
0

BD291
LFP6
2
Pt
—
0

BD292
LFP7
2
Pt
—
0

BD293
LM47
1
Pt
AN1
1

BD294
LM47
1
Pt
AN2
1

BD295
LM47
1
Pt
AN3
1

BD296
LM47
1
Pt
AN4
1

BD297
LM47
1
Pt
AN5
1

LM1 to LM243, LFM1 to LFM7 and LFP1 to LFP7 in Tables 2 to 4 may be understood by referring to Formulae 11-1 to 11-3 and Tables 5 to 7:

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TABLE 5

Formula 11-1

Ligand name
R₁₁
R₁₂
R₁₃
R₁₄
R₁₅
R₁₆
R₁₇
R₁₈
R₁₉
R₂₀

LM1
X1
H
X3
H
X1
H
H
H
H
D

LM2
X1
H
X3
H
X1
H
H
H
D
H

LM3
X1
H
X3
H
X1
H
H
H
D
D

LM4
Y1
H
X3
H
Y1
H
H
H
D
D

LM5
Y2
H
X3
H
Y2
H
H
H
D
D

LM6
Y3
H
X3
H
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM7
Y3
D
X3
D
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM8
Y3
D
X3
D
Y3
D
H
H
D
D

LM9
Y3
D
X3
D
Y3
D
D
H
D
D

LM10
Y3
D
X3
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM11
Y3
D
Y11
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM12
Y3
D
Y11
D
Y3
H
X1
H
D
D

LM13
Y3
D
Y11
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM14
Y3
D
Y11
D
Y3
H
X4
H
D
D

LM15
Y3
D
Y11
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM16
X2
H
X3
H
X2
H
H
H
H
D

LM17
X2
H
X3
H
X2
H
H
H
D
H

LM18
X2
H
X3
H
X2
H
H
H
D
D

LM19
Y4
H
X3
H
Y4
H
H
H
D
D

LM20
Y5
H
X3
H
Y5
H
H
H
D
D

LM21
Y6
H
X3
H
Y6
H
H
H
D
D

LM22
Y7
H
X3
H
Y7
H
H
H
D
D

LM23
Y8
H
X3
H
Y8
H
H
H
D
D

LM24
Y9
H
X3
H
Y9
H
H
H
D
D

LM25
Y10
H
X3
H
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM26
Y10
D
X3
D
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM27
Y10
D
X3
D
Y10
D
H
H
D
D

LM28
Y10
D
X3
D
Y10
D
D
H
D
D

LM29
Y10
D
X3
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM30
Y10
D
Y11
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM31
Y10
D
Y11
D
Y10
H
X1
H
D
D

LM32
Y10
D
Y11
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM33
Y10
D
Y11
D
Y10
H
X4
H
D
D

LM34
Y10
D
Y11
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM35
X1
H
X4
H
X1
H
H
H
H
D

LM36
X1
H
X4
H
X1
H
H
H
D
H

LM37
X1
H
X4
H
X1
H
H
H
D
D

LM38
Y1
H
X4
H
Y1
H
H
H
D
D

LM39
Y2
H
X4
H
Y2
H
H
H
D
D

LM40
Y3
H
X4
H
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM41
Y3
D
X4
D
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM42
Y3
D
X4
D
Y3
D
H
H
D
D

LM43
Y3
D
X4
D
Y3
D
D
H
D
D

LM44
Y3
D
X4
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM45
Y3
D
Y12
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM46
Y3
D
Y12
D
Y3
H
X1
H
D
D

LM47
Y3
D
Y12
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM48
Y3
D
Y12
D
Y3
H
X4
H
D
D

LM49
Y3
D
Y12
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM50
X2
H
X4
H
X2
H
H
H
H
D

LM51
X2
H
X4
H
X2
H
H
H
D
H

LM52
X2
H
X4
H
X2
H
H
H
D
D

LM53
Y4
H
X4
H
Y4
H
H
H
D
D

LM54
Y5
H
X4
H
Y5
H
H
H
D
D

LM55
Y6
H
X4
H
Y6
H
H
H
D
D

LM56
Y7
H
X4
H
Y7
H
H
H
D
D

LM57
Y8
H
X4
H
Y8
H
H
H
D
D

LM58
Y9
H
X4
H
Y9
H
H
H
D
D

LM59
Y10
H
X4
H
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM60
Y10
D
X4
D
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM61
Y10
D
X4
D
Y10
D
H
H
D
D

LM62
Y10
D
X4
D
Y10
D
D
H
D
D

LM63
Y10
D
X4
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM64
Y10
D
Y12
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM65
Y10
D
Y12
D
Y10
H
X1
H
D
D

LM66
Y10
D
Y12
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM67
Y10
D
Y12
D
Y10
H
X4
H
D
D

LM68
Y10
D
Y12
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM69
X1
H
X5
H
X1
H
H
H
H
D

LM70
X1
H
X5
H
X1
H
H
H
D
H

LM71
X1
H
X5
H
X1
H
H
H
D
D

LM72
Y1
H
X5
H
Y1
H
H
H
D
D

LM73
Y2
H
X5
H
Y2
H
H
H
D
D

LM74
Y3
H
X5
H
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM75
Y3
D
X5
D
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM76
Y3
D
X5
D
Y3
D
H
H
D
D

LM77
Y3
D
X5
D
Y3
D
D
H
D
D

LM78
Y3
D
X5
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM79
Y3
D
Y13
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM80
Y3
D
Y13
D
Y3
H
X1
H
D
D

LM81
Y3
D
Y13
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM82
Y3
D
Y13
D
Y3
H
X4
H
D
D

LM83
Y3
D
Y13
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM84
X2
H
X5
H
X2
H
H
H
H
D

LM85
X2
H
X5
H
X2
H
H
H
D
H

LM86
X2
H
X5
H
X2
H
H
H
D
D

LM87
Y4
H
X5
H
Y4
H
H
H
D
D

LM88
Y5
H
X5
H
Y5
H
H
H
D
D

LM89
Y6
H
X5
H
Y6
H
H
H
D
D

LM90
Y7
H
X5
H
Y7
H
H
H
D
D

LM91
Y8
H
X5
H
Y8
H
H
H
D
D

LM92
Y9
H
X5
H
Y9
H
H
H
D
D

LM93
Y10
H
X5
H
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM94
Y10
D
X5
D
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM95
Y10
D
X5
D
Y10
D
H
H
D
D

LM96
Y10
D
X5
D
Y10
D
D
H
D
D

LM97
Y10
D
X5
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM98
Y10
D
Y13
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM99
Y10
D
Y13
D
Y10
H
X1
H
D
D

LM100
Y10
D
Y13
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM101
Y10
D
Y13
D
Y10
H
X4
H
D
D

LM102
Y10
D
Y13
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM103
X1
H
X6
H
X1
H
H
H
H
D

LM104
X1
H
X6
H
X1
H
H
H
D
H

LM105
X1
H
X6
H
X1
H
H
H
D
D

LM106
Y1
H
X6
H
Y1
H
H
H
D
D

LM107
Y2
H
X6
H
Y2
H
H
H
D
D

LM108
Y3
H
X6
H
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM109
Y3
D
X6
D
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM110
Y3
D
X6
D
Y3
D
H
H
D
D

LM111
Y3
D
X6
D
Y3
D
D
H
D
D

LM112
Y3
D
X6
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM113
Y3
D
Y14
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM114
Y3
D
Y14
D
Y3
H
X1
H
D
D

LM115
Y3
D
Y14
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM116
Y3
D
Y14
D
Y3
H
X4
H
D
D

LM117
Y3
D
Y14
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM118
X2
H
X6
H
X2
H
H
H
H
D

LM119
X2
H
X6
H
X2
H
H
H
D
H

LM120
X2
H
X6
H
X2
H
H
H
D
D

LM121
Y4
H
X6
H
Y4
H
H
H
D
D

LM122
Y5
H
X6
H
Y5
H
H
H
D
D

LM123
Y6
H
X6
H
Y6
H
H
H
D
D

LM124
Y7
H
X6
H
Y7
H
H
H
D
D

LM125
Y8
H
X6
H
Y8
H
H
H
D
D

LM126
Y9
H
X6
H
Y9
H
H
H
D
D

LM127
Y10
H
X6
H
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM128
Y10
D
X6
D
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM129
Y10
D
X6
D
Y10
D
H
H
D
D

LM130
Y10
D
X6
D
Y10
D
D
H
D
D

LM131
Y10
D
X6
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM132
Y10
D
Y14
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM133
Y10
D
Y14
D
Y10
H
X1
H
D
D

LM134
Y10
D
Y14
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM135
Y10
D
Y14
D
Y10
H
X4
H
D
D

LM136
Y10
D
Y14
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM137
X1
H
X7
H
X1
H
H
H
H
D

LM138
X1
H
X7
H
X1
H
H
H
D
H

LM139
X1
H
X7
H
X1
H
H
H
D
D

LM140
Y1
H
X7
H
Y1
H
H
H
D
D

LM141
Y2
H
X7
H
Y2
H
H
H
D
D

LM142
Y3
H
X7
H
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM143
Y3
D
X7
D
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM144
Y3
D
X7
D
Y3
D
H
H
D
D

LM145
Y3
D
X7
D
Y3
D
D
H
D
D

LM146
Y3
D
X7
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM147
Y3
D
X8
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM148
Y3
D
Y16
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM149
Y3
D
Y17
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM150
Y3
D
Y18
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM151
Y3
D
Y15
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM152
Y3
D
Y15
D
Y3
H
X1
H
D
D

LM153
Y3
D
Y15
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM154
Y3
D
Y16
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM155
Y3
D
Y17
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM156
Y3
D
Y18
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM157
Y3
D
Y15
D
Y3
H
X4
H
D
D

LM158
Y3
D
Y15
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM159
Y3
D
Y16
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM160
Y3
D
Y17
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM161
Y3
D
Y18
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM162
X2
H
X7
H
X2
H
H
H
H
D

LM163
X2
H
X7
H
X2
H
H
H
D
H

LM164
X2
H
X7
H
X2
H
H
H
D
D

LM165
Y4
H
X7
H
Y4
H
H
H
D
D

LM166
Y5
H
X7
H
Y5
H
H
H
D
D

LM167
Y6
H
X7
H
Y6
H
H
H
D
D

LM168
Y7
H
X7
H
Y7
H
H
H
D
D

LM169
Y8
H
X7
H
Y8
H
H
H
D
D

LM170
Y9
H
X7
H
Y9
H
H
H
D
D

LM171
Y10
H
X7
H
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM172
Y10
D
X7
D
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM173
Y10
D
X7
D
Y10
D
H
H
D
D

LM174
Y10
D
X7
D
Y10
D
D
H
D
D

LM175
Y10
D
X7
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM176
Y10
D
X8
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM177
Y10
D
Y16
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM178
Y10
D
Y17
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM179
Y10
D
Y18
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM180
Y10
D
Y15
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM181
Y10
D
Y15
D
Y10
H
X1
H
D
D

LM182
Y10
D
Y15
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM183
Y10
D
Y16
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM184
Y10
D
Y17
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM185
Y10
D
Y18
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM186
Y10
D
Y15
D
Y10
H
X4
H
D
D

LM187
Y10
D
Y15
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM188
Y10
D
Y16
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM189
Y10
D
Y17
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM190
Y10
D
Y18
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM191
X1
X7
H
H
X1
H
H
H
H
D

LM192
X1
X7
H
H
X1
H
H
H
D
H

LM193
X1
X7
H
H
X1
H
H
H
D
D

LM194
Y1
X7
H
H
Y1
H
H
H
D
D

LM195
Y2
X7
H
H
Y2
H
H
H
D
D

LM196
Y3
X7
H
H
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM197
Y3
X7
D
D
Y3
H
H
H
D
D

LM198
Y3
X7
D
D
Y3
D
H
H
D
D

LM199
Y3
X7
D
D
Y3
D
D
H
D
D

LM200
Y3
X7
D
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM201
Y3
Y15
D
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM202
Y3
Y16
D
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM203
Y3
Y17
D
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM204
Y3
Y18
D
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LM205
Y3
Y15
D
D
Y3
H
X1
H
D
D

LM206
Y3
Y15
D
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM207
Y3
Y16
D
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM208
Y3
Y17
D
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM209
Y3
Y18
D
D
Y3
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM210
Y3
Y15
D
D
Y3
H
X4
H
D
D

LM211
Y3
Y15
D
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM212
Y3
Y16
D
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM213
Y3
Y17
D
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM214
Y3
Y18
D
D
Y3
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM215
X2
X7
H
H
X2
H
H
H
H
D

LM216
X2
X7
H
H
X2
H
H
H
D
H

LM217
X2
X7
H
H
X2
H
H
H
D
D

LM218
Y4
X7
H
H
Y4
H
H
H
D
D

LM219
Y5
X7
H
H
Y5
H
H
H
D
D

LM220
Y6
X7
H
H
Y6
H
H
H
D
D

LM221
Y7
X7
H
H
Y7
H
H
H
D
D

LM222
Y8
X7
H
H
Y8
H
H
H
D
D

LM223
Y9
X7
H
H
Y9
H
H
H
D
D

LM224
Y10
X7
H
H
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM225
Y10
X7
D
D
Y10
H
H
H
D
D

LM226
Y10
X7
D
D
Y10
D
H
H
D
D

LM227
Y10
X7
D
D
Y10
D
D
H
D
D

LM228
Y10
X7
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM229
Y10
X8
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM230
Y10
Y16
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM231
Y10
Y17
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM232
Y10
Y18
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM233
Y10
Y15
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LM234
Y10
Y15
D
D
Y10
H
X1
H
D
D

LM235
Y10
Y15
D
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM236
Y10
Y16
D
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM237
Y10
Y17
D
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM238
Y10
Y18
D
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LM239
Y10
Y15
D
D
Y10
H
X4
H
D
D

LM240
Y10
Y15
D
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM241
Y10
Y16
D
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM242
Y10
Y17
D
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

LM243
Y10
Y18
D
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

TABLE 6

Formula 11-2

Ligand name
R₁₁
X₁₁
R₁₀₁
R₁₀₂
R₁₀₃
R₁₀₄
R₁₄
R₁₅
R₁₆
R₁₇
R₁₈
R₁₉
R₂₀

LFM1
Y10
N—Ph
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LFM2
Y10
S
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LFM3
Y10
O
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LFM4
Y3
O
D
D
D
D
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LFM5
Y10
O
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LFM6
Y10
O
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LFM7
Y10
O
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

TABLE 7

Formula 11-3

Ligand name
R₁₁
X₁₁
R₁₀₁
R₁₀₂
R₁₀₃
R₁₀₄
R₁₄
R₁₅
R₁₆
R₁₇
R₁₈
R₁₉
R₂₀

LFP1
Y10
N—Ph
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LFP2
Y10
S
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LFP3
Y10
O
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LFP4
Y3
O
D
D
D
D
D
Y3
D
D
D
D
D

LFP5
Y10
O
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
D
D
D
D

LFP6
Y10
O
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
Y3
D
D
D

LFP7
Y10
O
D
D
D
D
D
Y10
D
Y12
D
D
D

X1 to X10 and Y1 to Y18 in Tables 5-7 are the same as described below, and Ph in the tables refers to a phenyl group:

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In an embodiment, the sensitizer may be a TADF emitter that satisfies Condition 7:

Condition 7

ΔE_ST≤0.3 eV

wherein, in Condition 7,

ΔE_STis the difference between the lowest excitation singlet energy level and the lowest excitation triplet energy level of the sensitizer.

In an embodiment, the sensitizer may include the thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter represented by Formula 201 or 202:

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wherein, in Formulae 201 and 202,

A₂₁is an acceptor group,

D₂₁is a donor group,

m21 may be 1, 2, or 3, and n21 may be 1, 2, or 3,

the sum of n21 and m21 in Formula 201 may be 6 or less, and the sum of n21 and m21 in Formula 202 may be 5 or less,

R₂₁may be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, SF₅, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₇-C₆₀alkylaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀alkylheteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀heteroaryl alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —P(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), and —P(═S)(Q₁)(Q₂), and a plurality of R₂₁(s) may optionally be bonded to form a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group,

For example, A₂₁in Formulae 201 and 202 may be a substituted or unsubstituted π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group.

In an embodiment, the π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group may be selected from a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a corogen group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, an isoindole group, an indole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzothiophene sulfone group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group; and a condensed cyclic group of two or more π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic groups, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

For example, D₂₁in Formulae 201 and 202 may be selected from: —F, a cyano group, or an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group;

a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, and an π electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from —F and a cyano group; and

an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, an π-electron deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group, and an r electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group.

In an embodiment, the r electron-deficient nitrogen-free cyclic group is the same as described above.

The term “π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing cyclic group” used herein refers to a cyclic group having at least one *—N=*′ moiety, and, for example, may be selected from an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, and a benzimidazolobenzimidazole group; and a condensed cyclic group in which two or more π electron-efficient nitrogen-containing cyclic groups are condensed with each other.

In one or more embodiments, the sensitizer may be selected from Groups VII to XI, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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[Electron Transport Region 17]

Then, an electron transport region may be located on the emission layer.

The electron transport region 17 is placed between the emission layer 15 and the second electrode 19 of the organic light-emitting device 10.

The electron transport region 17 may have a single-layered structure or a multi-layered structure.

For example, the electron transport region 17 may have an electron transport layer, an electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, a buffer layer/electron transport layer structure, hole blocking layer/electron transport layer structure, a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, or a hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The electron transport region 17 may further include an electron control layer.

The electron transport region 17 may include known electron transport materials.

The electron transport region (for example, a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, or an electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-free compound containing at least one π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C₁-C₆₀cyclic group. The π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C₁-C₆₀cyclic group is the same as described above.

In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 601 below:

[Ar601]xe11-[(L601)xe1-R601]xe21 Formula 601

wherein, in Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁and L₆₀₁may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_601aor a C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group unsubstituted or substituted with at least one R_601a,

xe11 may be 1,2, or 3,

xe1 may be an integer from 0 to 5,

R_601aand R₆₀₁may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂)(Q₆₀₃), —C(═O)(Q₆₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁), or —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂),

Q₆₀₁to Q₆₀₃may each independently be a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, and

xe21 may be an integer from 1 to 5.

In an embodiment, at least one of Ar₆₀₁(s) in the number of xe11 and R₆₀₁(s) in the number of xe21 may include the π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C₁-C₆₀cyclic group.

In an embodiment, Ar₆₀₁and L₆₀₁in Formula 601 may each independently be a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, or an azacarbazole group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), or any combination thereof,

Q₃₁to Q₃₃may each independently be a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

When xe11 in Formula 601 is 2 or more, two or more of Ar₆₀₁(s) may be linked to each other via a single bond.

In one or more embodiments, Ar₆₀₁in Formula 601 may be an anthracene group.

In one or more embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 601 may be represented by Formula 601-1:

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In Formula 601-1,

X₆₁₄may be N or C(R₆₁₄), X₆₁₅may be N or C(R₆₁₅), X₆₁₆may be N or C(R₆₁₆), at least one of X₆₁₄to X₆₁₆may be N,

L₆₁₁to L₆₁₃may each independently be the same as described in connection with L₆₀₁,

xe611 to xe613 may each independently be the same as described in connection with xe1,

R₆₁₁to R₆₁₃may each independently be the same as described in connection with R₆₀₁, and

R₆₁₄to R₆₁₆may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group.

In one or more embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In one or more embodiments, R₆₀₁and R₆₁₁to R₆₁₃in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, or an azacarbazolyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolyl group, or any combination thereof; or

—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁), or —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂),

wherein Q₆₀₁and Q₆₀₂are the same as described above.

The electron transport region may include at least one compound selected from Compounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto:

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In one or more embodiments, the electron transport region may include at least one selected from 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,7-dphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq₃, BAlq, 3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (TAZ), and NTAZ:

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Thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer may each independently be in the range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 10 Å to about 100 Å, about 20 Å to about 200 Å, about 30 Å to about 300 Å, about 40 Å to about 400 Å, about 50 Å to about 500 Å, about 60 Å to about 600 Å, about 70 Å to about 700 Å, about 80 Å to about 800 Å, about 90 Å to about 900 Å, or about 100 Å to about 1000 Å. When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer are within these ranges, excellent hole blocking characteristics or excellent electron control characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in the range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å, about 200 Å to about 600 Å, about 250 Å to about 700 Å, about 300 Å to about 800 Å, about 350 Å to about 900 Å, or about 400 Å to about 1000 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within the range described above, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electron transport characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region 17 (for example, the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include at least one selected from alkali metal complex and alkaline earth-metal complex. The alkali metal complex may include a metal ion selected from a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, a Rb ion, and a Cs ion, and the alkaline earth-metal complex may include a metal ion selected from a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion, and a Ba ion. A ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkali metal complex or the alkaline earth-metal complex may be selected from a hydroxy quinoline, a hydroxy isoquinoline, a hydroxy benzoquinoline, a hydroxy acridine, a hydroxy phenanthridine, a hydroxy phenyloxazole, a hydroxy phenylthiazole, a hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, a hydroxy diphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxy phenylpyridine, a hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, a hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In an embodiment, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (LiQ) or ET-D2:

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The electron transport region 17 may include an electron injection layer that facilitates the injection of electrons from the second electrode 19. The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode 19.

The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron injection layer may include an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combinations thereof.

The alkali metal may be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In an embodiment, the alkali metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In one or more embodiments, the alkali metal may be Li or Cs, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal may be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

The rare earth metal may be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, and Gd.

The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth-metal compound, and the rare earth metal compound may be selected from oxides and halides (for example, fluorides, chlorides, bromides, or iodides) of the alkali metal, the alkaline earth-metal, and the rare earth metal.

The alkali metal compound may be selected from alkali metal oxides, such as Li₂O, Cs₂O, or K₂O, and alkali metal halides, such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, or KI. In an embodiment, the alkali metal compound may be selected from LiF, Li₂O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and KI, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth-metal compound may be selected from alkaline earth-metal oxides, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba_xSr_1-xO (0<x<1), or Ba_xCa_1-xO (0<x<1). In an embodiment, the alkaline earth-metal compound may be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, ScO₃, Y₂O₃, Ce₂O₃, GdF₃, and TbF₃. In an embodiment, the rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, TbF₃, YbI₃, ScI₃, and TbI₃, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, and the rare earth metal complex may include an ion of alkali metal, alkaline earth-metal, and rare earth metal as described above, and a ligand coordinated with a metal ion of the alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, or the rare earth metal complex may be selected from hydroxy quinoline, hydroxy isoquinoline, hydroxy benzoquinoline, hydroxy acridine, hydroxy phenanthridine, hydroxy phenyloxazole, hydroxy phenylthiazole, hydroxy diphenyloxadiazole, hydroxy diphenylthiadiazole, hydroxy phenylpyridine, hydroxy phenylbenzimidazole, hydroxy phenylbenzothiazole, bipyridine, phenanthroline, and cyclopentadiene, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The electron injection layer may consist of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combinations thereof, as described above. In one or more embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material. When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth-metal compound, a rare earth metal compound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth-metal complex, a rare earth metal complex, or any combination thereof may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, and, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å, about 6 Å to about 80 Å, about 9 Å to about 70 Å, about 12 Å to about 60 Å, about 15 Å to about 50 Å, about 18 Å to about 40 Å, or about 20 Å to about 30 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within the range described above, the electron injection layer may have satisfactory electron injection characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

[Second Electrode 19]

The second electrode 19 is located on the organic layer 10A having such a structure. The second electrode 19 may be a cathode which is an electron injection electrode, and in this regard, a material for forming the second electrode 19 may be selected from a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, and a combination thereof, which have a relatively low work function.

The second electrode 19 may include at least one selected from lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (AI), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), ITO, and IZO, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto. The second electrode 19 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

The second electrode 19 may have a single-layered structure having a single layer or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to FIGURE, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Another aspect provides a diagnostic composition including at least one of the polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1.

The polycyclic compound represented by Formula 1 provides high luminescence efficiency. Accordingly, a diagnostic composition including the polycyclic compound may have high diagnostic efficiency.

The diagnostic composition may be used in various applications including a diagnosis kit, a diagnosis reagent, a biosensor, and a biomarker.

Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic apparatus including the organic light-emitting device.

According to an embodiment, the electronic device may be applied in various fields such as, a diagnostic kit, a biosensor, a biomarker, a display, and a lighting device.

Explanation of Terms

The term “C₁-C₆₀alkyl group” as used herein refers to a linear or branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an isoamyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C₁-C₆₀alkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group” used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —OA₁₀₁(wherein A₁₀₁is the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group), and examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

The term “C₁-C₆alkylthio group” used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by —SA₁₀₅(wherein A₁₀₅is the C₁-C₆₀alkyl group), and examples thereof include a thiomethyl group, a thioethyl group, and a thioisopropyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀alkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group” as used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group formed by substituting at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in the middle or at the terminus of the C₂-C₆₀alkyl group, and examples thereof include an ethynyl group, and a propynyl group. The term “C₁-C₆alkynylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀alkynyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof and no aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one carbon-carbon double bond in its ring. Examples of the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group are a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀aryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “C₆-C₆₀arylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C₆-C₆₀aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

The term “C₆-C₆₀alkylaryl group” as used herein refers to a C₆-C₅₉aryl group substituted with at least one C₁-C₅₄alkyl or alkylene group, and the term “C₆-C₆₀arylalkyl group” as used herein indicates -A₁₀₆A₁₀₇(wherein A₁₀₆is the C₆-C₅₉aryl group and A₁₀₇is the C₁-C₅₄alkyl or alkylene group).

The term “C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀heteroarylene group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀heteroaryl group and the C₆-C₆₀heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

The term “C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group” used herein refers to —OA₁₀₂(where A₁₀₂is the C₆-C₆₀aryl group), and the C₆-C₆₀arylthio group is —SA₁₀₃(where A₁₀₃is the C₆-C₆₀aryl group), and the C₆-C₆₀arylalkyl group is —(CR₂)_nA₁₀₄(where A₁₀₄is the C₆-C₆₀aryl group, R is H or a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, and n is an integer from 1 to 10).

The term “C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group” as used herein refers to —OA₁₀₈(wherein A₁₀₈is the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group), the term “C₁-C₆heteroarylthio group” as used herein indicates —SA₁₀₉(wherein A₁₀₉is the C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group), and the term “C₁-C₆heteroalkylaryl group group” as used herein refers to -A₁₀₉A₁₁₀(A₁₀₉is a C₁-C₅₅heteroalkylene or heteroalkyl group, and A₁₁₀is a C₁-C₅₉heteroaryl group).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group include a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group” as used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 2 to 60 carbon atoms) having two or more rings condensed to each other, a heteroatom selected from N, O, P, Si, and S, other than carbon atoms, as a ring-forming atom, and no aromaticity in its entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group include a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group” as used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure as a monovalent non-aromatic heterocondensed polycyclic group.

The term “C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, 5 to 30 carbon atoms only. The C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group. For example, the C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group may be a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a phenyl group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, or like.

The term “C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group” as used herein refers to a saturated or unsaturated cyclic group having, as a ring-forming atom, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S other than 1 to 30 carbon atoms. The C₁-C₃₀heterocyclic group may be a monocyclic group or a polycyclic group.

In an embodiment, the π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C₁-C₆₀cyclic group may be an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a pyrimidine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a benzoisoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a benzoquinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzoisoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, an azacarbazole group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an acridine group, or a pyridopyrazine group.

For example, the π electron-rich C₃-C₆₀cyclic group may be a benzene group, a heptalene group, an indene group, a naphthalene group, an azulene group, an indacene group, acenaphthylene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentacene group, a hexacene group, a pentaphene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a pyrrole group, a furan group, a thiophene group, an isoindole group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, a benzosilole group, a naphthopyrrole group, a naphthofuran group, a naphthothiophene group, a naphthosilole group, a benzocarbazole group, a dibenzocarbazole group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, an indenocarbazole group, an indolocarbazole group, a benzofurocarbazole group, a benzothienocarbazole group, a benzosilolocarbazole group, a triindolobenzene group, a pyrrolophenanthrene group, a furanophenanthrene group, a thienophenanthrene group, a benzonaphthofuran group, a benzonaphthothiophene group, an (indolo)phenanthrene group, a (benzofuran)phenanthrene group, or a (benzothieno)phenanthrene group.

For example, the C₅-C₆₀cyclic group may be a cyclopentane group, a cyclohexane group, a cyclohexene group, a benzene group, a naphthalene group, an anthracene group, a phenanthrene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene group, cyclopentadiene group, an indene group, a fluorene group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroisoquinoline group, a 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline group, an adamantane group, a norbornane group, or a norbornene group.

For example, the C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group may be a thiophene group, a furan group, a pyrrole group, a cyclopentadiene group, a silole group, a borole group, phosphole group, a selenophene group, a germole group, a benzothiophene group, a benzofuran group, an indole group, an indene group, a benzosilole group, a benzoborole group, a benzophosphole group, a benzoselenophene group, a benzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene group, a dibenzofuran group, a carbazole group, a dibenzosilole group, a dibenzoborole group, a dibenzophosphole group, a dibenzoselenophene group, a dibenzogermole group, a dibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, a 9H-fluorene-9-one group, a dibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, an azabenzothiophene group, an azabenzofuran group, an azaindole group, an azaindene group, an azabenzosilole group, an azabenzoborole group, an azabenzophosphole group, an azabenzoselenophene group, an azabenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene group, an azadibenzofuran group, an azacarbazole group, an azafluorene group, an azadibenzosilole group, an azadibenzoborole group, an azadibenzophosphole group, an azadibenzoselenophene group, an azadibenzogermole group, an azadibenzothiophene 5-oxide group, an aza-9H-fluorene-9-one group, an azadibenzothiophene 5,5-dioxide group, a pyridine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyrazine group, a pyridazine group, a triazine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a phenanthroline group, a pyrazole group, an imidazole group, a triazole group, an oxazole group, an isooxazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxadiazole group, a thiadiazole group, a benzopyrazole group, a benzimidazole group, a benzoxazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxadiazole group, or a benzothiadiazole group.

The term “a π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C₁-C₆₀cyclic group, a r electron-rich C₃-C₆₀cyclic group, a C₅-C₆₀cyclic group, and a C₁-C₆₀heterocyclic group” may be part of a condensed cycle or may be a monovalent, a divalent, a trivalent, a tetravalent, a pentavalent, or a hexavalent group, depending on the formula structure.

At least one substituent of the substituted π electron-deficient nitrogen-containing C₁-C₆₀cyclic group, the substituted π electron-rich C₃-C₆₀cyclic group, the substituted C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group, the substituted C₂-C₃₀heterocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀heteroalkylaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, or a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —Si(Q₁₃)(Q₁₄)(Q₁₅), —B(Q₁₆)(Q₁₇), or —P(═O)(Q₁₈)(Q₁₉);

a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each independently substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CF₃, —CF₂H, —CFH₂, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroalkylaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —Si(Q₂₃)(Q₂₄)(Q₂₅), —B(Q₂₆)(Q₂₇), or —P(═O)(Q₂₈)(Q₂₉), or

—N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —Si(Q₃₃)(Q₃₄)(Q₃₅), —B(Q₃₆)(Q₃₇), or —P(═O)(Q₃₈)(Q₃₉),

wherein Q₁to Q₉, Q₁₁to Q₁₉, Q₂₁to Q₂₉, and Q₃₁to Q₃₉may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid group or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid group or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid group or a salt thereof, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₁-C₆₀alkylthio group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, a C₆-C₆₀aryl alkyl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryloxy group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroarylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroalkylaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, or a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, Q₁to Q₉, Q₁₁to Q₁₉, Q₂₁to Q₂₉and Q₃₁to Q₃₉described herein may each independently be:

—CH₃, —CD₃, —CD₂H, —CDH₂, —CH₂CH₃, —CH₂CD₃, —CH₂CD₂H, —CH₂CDH₂, —CHDCH₃, —CHDCD₂H, —CHDCDH₂, —CHDCD₃, —CD₂CD₃, —CD₂CD₂H, or —CD₂CDH₂; or

an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a neopentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a 3-pentyl group, a sec-isopentyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, each unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a phenyl group, or any combination thereof.

The term “room temperature” used herein refers to a temperature of about 25° C.

The terms “a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a tetraphenyl group” used herein respectively refer to monovalent groups in which two, three, or four phenyl groups which are linked together via a single bond.

The terms “a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, and a cyano-containing tetraphenyl group” used herein respectively refer to a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a tetraphenyl group, each of which is substituted with at least one cyano group. In “a cyano-containing phenyl group, a cyano-containing biphenyl group, a cyano-containing terphenyl group, and a cyano-containing tetraphenyl group”, a cyano group may be substituted to any position of the corresponding group, and the “cyano-containing phenyl group, the cyano-containing biphenyl group, the cyano-containing terphenyl group, and the cyano-containing tetraphenyl group” may further include substituents other than a cyano group. For example, a phenyl group substituted with a cyano group, and a phenyl group substituted with a cyano group and a methyl group may all belong to “a cyano-containing phenyl group.”

Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device according to embodiments are described in detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples. However, the organic light-emitting device is not limited thereto. The wording “‘B’ was used instead of ‘A’” used in describing Synthesis Examples means that an amount of ‘A’ used was identical to an amount of ‘B’ used, in terms of a molar equivalent.

EXAMPLES
Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound a

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Synthesis of Compound a-1 (9-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-9H-carbazole)

5-bromo-1,2,3-trichlorobenzene (22.53 g, 86.55 mmol), 9H-carbazole (14.47 g, 86.55 mmol), Pd(dba)₂(Palladium(0) bis(dibenzylideneacetone)) (4.98 g, 8.65 mmol), SPhos (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl) (7.11 g, 8.65 mmol), and NaOtBu (12.48 g, 129.82 mmol) were mixed with o-xylene (290 ml) in a 500 ml round-bottom flask, followed by stirring while heating at a temperature of 140° C. for 18 hours in the nitrogen atmosphere. The solvent of the reactants obtained therefrom was removed by using a rotary evaporator, and methylenechloride (MC, 500 ml) was added to the result to dissolve the reactants, followed by washing twice with water (300 ml), and water was removed therefrom using MgSO₄anhydride. Then, the solvent was removed therefrom by using a rotary evaporator, and a purification process was performed thereon by silica gel column chromatography (MC/hexanes (Hx)) to obtain Compound a-1 (5.44 g). The obtained Compound a-1 was confirmed by LC-MS.

C₁₈H₁₀Cl₃N: 346.014

Synthesis of Compound a-2 (N1,N1,N3,N3-tetra([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2-chlorobenzene-1,3-diamine)

Compound a-1 (7.30 g, 21.06 mmol), di([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amine (12.86 g, 40.01 mmol), Pd(dba)₂(0.61 g, 1.05 mmol), SPhos (0.43 g, 1.05 mmol), and NaOtBu (6.07 g, 63.17 mmol) were mixed with toluene (105 ml) in a 250 ml round-bottom flask and stirred while heating in the nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature of 80° C. for 4 hours. The solvent of the reactants obtained therefrom was removed by using a rotary evaporator, and MC (500 ml) was added to the result to dissolve the reactants, followed by washing twice with water (300 ml), and water was removed therefrom using MgSO₄anhydride. Then, the solvent was removed therefrom by using a rotary evaporator, and a purification process was performed thereon by silica gel column chromatography (MC/Hx) to obtain Compound a-2 (9.91 g). The obtained compound a-2 was confirmed by LC-MS.

C₆₆H₄₆ClN₃: 914.405

Synthesis of Compound a (5,9-di([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-7-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-2,12-diphenyl-5,9-dihydro-5,9-diaza-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene)

Compound a-2 (6.93 g, 5.90 mmol) was mixed with t-butylbenzene (240 ml) in a 500 ml round-bottom flask and, in the nitrogen atmosphere, at a temperature of −78° C., 1.6M tert-BuLi pentane solution (9.6 ml, 14.75 mmol) was added thereto. Then, the temperature was raised to 60° C. and heating was performed for 1.5 hours while stirring. The reaction mixture was cooled to −40° C., and BBr₃(1.14 ml, 11.80 mmol) was added thereto, and the result was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours. Then, the temperature was reduced to −40° C., and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.16 ml, 12.39 mmol) was added thereto and stirred at a temperature of 120° C. for 4 hours. After cooling at room temperature, an NaOAc sat.aq. aqueous solution and ethylacetate (EA, 200 ml) were added, followed by washing with water (300 ml). Then, water was removed therefrom by using MgSO₄anhydride, and the solvent was removed by using a rotary evaporator, followed by purification using silica gel column chromatography (MC/Hx) to obtain Compound a (2.30 g). The obtained Compound a was confirmed by LC-MS.

C66H44BN3: 890.426

Synthesis Example 223

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Compound a (0.44 g) and deuterated benzene (benzene-d6) (25 ml) were placed into a 100 ml flask and heated to completely dissolve Compound a. The reaction product was cooled to 40° C., triflic acid (1.12 g, 7.42 mmol) was added thereto, and after stirring for 3 hours, 5 ml of heavy water (D₂O) was added thereto. The reaction mixture was stirred for 10 minutes and then neutralized with aqueous K₃PO₄solution. The organic layer was extracted with dichloromethane, and residual moisture was removed using magnesium sulfate. The obtained organic layer was distilled under reduced pressure and separated by column chromatography to obtain Compound 223 (0.21 g). The obtained Compound 223 was confirmed by LC-MS.

C₆₆H₁₈D₂₆BN₃: 915.563

Further, in order to confirm the substitution position of deuterium (D) in the obtained Compound 223, the obtained Compound 223 was dissolved in a CD₂Cl₂solvent to obtain NMR data using a Bruker, 500 MHx NMR equipment, and the results are shown in FIG. 2. According to the NMR data, it can be confirmed that all hydrogens in the carbazole are substituted with deuterium.

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 2

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Synthesis of Compound 2-1

Compound 2-1 (10.1 g) was prepared in the same manner as used to synthesize Compound a-2, except that 9-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)-9H-carbazole-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-d8 (7.25 g) was used instead of Compound a-1, and bis([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl-2′,3′,4′,5′,6′-d5)amine (12.9 g) was used instead of di([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)amine. The obtained Compound 2-1 was confirmed by LC-MS.

C₆₆H₁₈D₂₆ClN₃: 944.554

Synthesis of Compound 2

Compound 2 (1.7 g) was prepared in the same manner as used to synthesize Compound a, except that Compound 2-1 (5.0 g) was used instead of Compound 1-2. The obtained Compound 2 was confirmed by LC-MS.

C₆₆H₁₈D₂₈ClN₃: 918.582

Examples 1 and 2, and Comparative Example 1

A glass substrate with an ITO electrode located thereon was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.5 mm and then, sonicated in acetone isopropyl alcohol and pure water, each for 15 minutes, and then, washed by exposure to UV ozone for 30 minutes.

Then, HAT-CN was deposited on the ITO electrode (anode) on the glass substrate to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 100 Å, NPB was deposited on the hole injection layer to form a first hole transport layer having a thickness of 500 Å, TCTA was deposited on the first hole transport layer to form a second hole transport layer having a thickness of 50 Å, and mCP was deposited on the second hole transport layer to form an electron blocking layer having a thickness of 50 Å.

The host, the sensitizer, and the emitter shown in Table 2 were co-deposited at a certain weight ratio on the electron blocking layer to form an emission layer having a thickness of 400 Å.

2,8-bis(diphenylphosphine oxide) dibenzofuran (DBFPO) was deposited on the emission layer to form a hole blocking layer having a thickness of 100 Å, and then DBFPO and Liq were co-deposited thereon at a weight ratio of 5:5 to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, and then, Liq was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and Al was deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 1000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

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TABLE 2

Host

HT-HOST
ET-HOST
Sensitizer
Emitter

Comparative
H3
H4
S-2
Compound a

Example 1
6:4
10 wt %
1.5 wt %

Example 1
H3
H4
S-2
Compound 223

6:4
10 wt %
1.5 wt %

Example 2
H3
H4
S-2
Compound 2

6:4
10 wt %
1.5 wt %

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S-2

Evaluation of Example 1: Evaluation of Properties of Organic Light-Emitting Devices

For each of the organic light-emitting devices prepared according to Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 1, the maximum emission wavelength, the maximum quantum efficiency, T95 lifetime characteristics, which is the time taken for initial luminance to decrease down to 95% thereof, and quantum efficiency were measured, and the measurements were expressed as relative values with respect to Comparative Example 1 in Table 3.

TABLE 3

Maximum
Maximum

emission
quantum
T95

wavelength
efficiency
lifespan

(nm)
(%)
(%)

Comparative
464
100
100

Example 1

Example 1
464
101
121

Example 2
464
101
114

As shown in Table 3, due to the inclusion of the polycyclic compound of Compound 223 or Compound 2, each including a deuterium-substituted substituent, the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 and 2 may have significantly improved lifespan characteristics compared to Comparative Example 1, in which a polycyclic compound not containing a deuterium substituent was used as an emitter, without a decrease in the maximum quantum efficiency.

An organic light-emitting device according to an aspect has improved lifespan characteristics due to the inclusion of a polycyclic compound substituted with five or more cyclic substituents, at least one of which contains a deuterium-substituted carbazole group.

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments. While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims.

Number	Date	Country	Kind
10-2020-0156925	Nov 2020	KR	national
10-2021-0160720	Nov 2021	KR	national

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	17345095	Jun 2021	US
Child	17531303		US

POLYCYCLIC COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICE INCLUDING THE SAME

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