Polyether-substituted imide compounds and their use

Abstract

The present invention relates to novel polyether-substituted compounds of imides and their use as surface-active agents.

Description

The present invention relates to novel polyether-substituted compounds of imides and their use as surface-active agents.

Polyether surfactants containing perfluoroalkyl groups have many applications in industry due to their high surface activity. Typical applications are the improvement of flow-out and wetting properties in lacquers and dispersion adhesives or in dishwashing or cleaning agents (c.f. H. G. Klein, J. N. Meu.beta.doerffer and K. Niederpr um, Metalloberfl ache 29 (1975) 559 to 567). Examples of such compounds are:

C.sub.8 F.sub.17 SO.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3)CO--(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.5.67 --OC.sub.4 H.sub.9 C.sub.8 F.sub.17 SO.sub.2 N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)--(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.5 --OH C.sub.8 F.sub.17 SO.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3)CO--(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.10.3 --OC.sub.4 H.sub.9 C.sub.8 F.sub.17 SO.sub.2 N(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)--(O--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2).sub.11-14 OH C.sub.8 H.sub.17 SO.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3)CO--(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.19.5 --OC.sub.4 H.sub.9 C.sub.8 H.sub.17 SO.sub.2 N(CH.sub.3)CO--(O--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.14 --(OCH[CH.sub.3 ]--CH.sub.2).sub.14 --OC.sub.4 H.sub.9

Synthetic pathways to the above-stated compounds are described inter alia in DE-B 1 140 188 and in the article by H. G. Klein, J. N. Meu.beta.doerffer and K. Niederpr um, in Metalloberfl ache 29 (1975) 559 to 567.

Production of the perfluorinated starting compounds from the above-stated compounds proceeds according to three different synthetic pathways:

a) electrochemical fluorination,

b) telomerisation of perfluoroolefines, in particular tetrafluoroethylene,

c) oligomerisation of tetrafluoroethylene.

Since the stated methods for the production of perfluorinated starting compounds are technically very involved, production of the desired chemical compounds containing perfluoro groups is costly.

Production of the above-stated polyether surfactants containing perfluoro groups customarily proceeds by multi-stage synthesis via the reaction of perfluoroalkylsulphone amides with

a) phosgenated polyethers or

b) ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.

Such processes are described, for example, in Ullmann, Enzyklop adie der technischen Chemie, 4th edition 1982, volume 22, pages 455 to 515 and in H. G. Klein, J. N. Meu.beta.doerffer, H. Niederpr um and M. Wechsberg, Metalloberfl ache 29 (1975) 559 to 567. The disadvantage of these processes is that they are very involved.

The object of the invention was therefore to provide polyether surfactants containing fluoro groups, which may be used as surface-active agents and which may be produced simply and at low cost.

This object could be achieved by the polyether-substituted imide compounds according to the invention.

The invention provides imide compounds containing fluoroalkyl and/or fluoroaryl groups, which compounds are of the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.F is a linear or branched fluoroalkyl residue with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroaryl residue with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a mixed fluoroalkylaryl residue with 7 to 18 carbon atoms or a fluorinated mono or polyether with 2 to 18 carbon atoms,

R is a linear or branched alkyl residue with 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an aryl residue with 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a mixed alkylaryl residue with 7 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein the carbon chain may also be interrupted by oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur atoms, or a further residue R.sub.F as defined above, wherein the two R.sub.F residues may be the same or different, Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 mutually independently represent a ##STR2## m represents an integer (between) from 0 (and) to 6, n represents an integer (between) from 0 (and) to 6 and PE represents a polyether chain consisting of 5 to 50 ethylene oxide units or 5 to 50 propylene oxide units or a mixture of 5 to 50 ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units and R.sub.H is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl residue with 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Imide compounds containing fluoroalkyl and/or fluoroaryl groups are preferably those in which R.sub.F is a linear or branched fluoroalkyl residue with 3 to 10 carbon atoms or a fluoroaryl residue with 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

Those imide compounds containing fluoroalkyl and/or fluoroaryl groups are preferred in which R.sub.F stands for a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl residue with 3 to 10 carbon atoms or for a perfluoroaryl residue with 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

Particularly preferred are those imide compounds in which R stands for a linear or branched alkyl residue with 6 to 14 carbon atoms, an aryl residue with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a mixed alkylaryl residue with 7 to 14 carbon atoms or a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl residue with 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

Particularly preferred are those imide compounds in which Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 mutually independently stand for a ##STR3##

Imide compounds in which m and n are 0 are particularly preferred.

Linear alkyl residues with 2 to 4 carbon atoms are preferably used as terminal R.sub.H groups.

Particularly preferred imide compounds exhibit, for example, the following structures: ##STR4##

The imide compounds according to the invention may be produced by reacting aminated polyethers with

fluorocarboxylic adds fluorosulphonic acids fluorocarboxylic or fluorosulphonic acid derivatives and optionally with carboxylic acids sulphonic acids carboxylic or sulphonic acid derivatives.

A possible synthetic pathway is reproduced below by way of example: ##STR5## wherein R.sub.F, R, Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2, m, n, PE and R.sub.H have the same meaning as above and

A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are mutually independently reactive leaving groups such as, for example, a halogen atom, a hydroxy, alkoxy or carboxy group.

The following starting compounds may be used for the above-mentioned process:

Examples of fluorocarboxylic acids:

__________________________________________________________________________perfluoroheptanoic acid CF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.5 --COOHperfluorooctanoic acid CF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.6 --COOHperfluorononanoic acid CF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.7 --COOHperfluoroethercarboxylic acid dimer CF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.2 --O--CF(CF.sub.3)--COOHperfluoroethercarboxylic acid trimer CF.sub.3 --CF.sub.2 --[CF.sub.2 --O--CF(CF.sub.3)].sub. 2 --COOHperfluoroethercarboxylic acid tetramer CF.sub.3 --CF.sub.2 --[CF.sub.2 --O--CF(CF.sub.3)].sub. 3 --COOHperfluorobenzoic acid C.sub.6 H.sub.5 --COOH2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7-dodecafluoro- H(CF.sub.2).sub.6 --COOHheptanoic acid4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-tridecafluoro- CF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.5 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 --COOHnonanoic acid4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11 - CF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.7 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 COOHheptadecafluoroundecanoic acid2-tetrafluoroethoxyethanoic acid H(CF.sub.2).sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 --COOH2-hexafluoropropoxyethanoic acid CF.sub.3 --CHF--CF.sub.2 --O--CH.sub.2 --COOH__________________________________________________________________________

Examples of fluorosulphonic acids:

______________________________________perfluorobutanesulphonic acid CF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.3 --SO.sub.3 Hperfluorohexanesulphonic acid CF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.5 --SO.sub.3 Hperfluorooctanesulphonic acid CF.sub.3 --(CF.sub.2).sub.7 --SO.sub.3 Hperfluorobenzenesulphonic acid C.sub.6 F.sub.5 --SO.sub.3 Hperfluorotoluenesulphonic acid CF.sub.3 --C.sub.6 F.sub.4 --SO.sub.3 H______________________________________

Examples of fluorosulphonic or fluorocarboxylic acid derivatives:

______________________________________perfluorobutanoic anhydride [CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 CO].sub.2 Operfluorobutanoic acid chloride CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 COClperfluorobutanoic acid ethyl ester CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.2 COOC.sub.2 H.sub.5perfluorobutanesulphonic acid fluoride CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.3 SO.sub.2 Fperfluorohexanesulphonic acid fluoride CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.5 SO.sub.2 Fperfluorooctanesulphonic acid fluoride CF.sub.3 (CF.sub.2).sub.7 SO.sub.2 Fperfluorobenzoic acid chloride C.sub.6 F.sub.5 COClperfluorobenzenesulphonic acid chloride C.sub.6 F.sub.5 SO.sub.2 Cl______________________________________

Examples of carboxylic acids:

______________________________________n-butanoic acid CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 COOHn-pentanoic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 COOHn-hexanoic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.4 COOHn-heptanoic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.5 COOHn-octanoic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.6 COOHn-nonanoic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.7 COOHn-decanoic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.8 COOHn-undecanoic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.9 COOHn-dodecanoic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.10 COOH2-methylpropanoic acid (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH--COOH3-methylbutanoic acid (CH.sub.3).sub.2 CH--CH.sub.2 COOH2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid (CH.sub.3).sub.3 C--COOH2-methylbutanoic acid CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)--COOH2-ethylbutanoic acid CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)--COOH2-ethylhexanoic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 CH(C.sub.2 H.sub.5)--COOHisomeric C.sub.8 acids C.sub.7 H.sub.15 COOHisomeric C.sub.9 acids C.sub.8 H.sub.17 COOHisomeric C.sub.13 acids C.sub.12 H.sub.25 COOHnonadecanoic acid C.sub.18 H.sub.37 COOHcyclohexanecarboxylic acid C.sub.6 H.sub.11 COOHpropenoic acid CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--COOH2-methylpropenoic acid CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--COOHtrans-3-methylpropenoic acid CH.sub.3 CH.dbd.CH--COOHcis-3-methylpropenoic acid CH.sub.3 CH.dbd.CH--COOH2,3-dimethylpropenoic acid CH.sub.3 CH.dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--COOHhexane diene carboxylic acid CH.sub.3 CH.dbd.CHCH.dbd.CH--COOH11-undecenoic acid CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH(CH.sub.2).sub.8 COOHacetylenic acid CH.tbd.C--COOHbenzoic acid C.sub.6 H.sub.5 --COOHmethylbenzoic acid CH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --COOHphenylacetic acid C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2 --COOHnaphthylacetic acid C.sub.10 H.sub.7 --CH.sub.2 --COOH______________________________________

Examples of sulphonic acids:

______________________________________methanesulphonic acid CH.sub.3 SO.sub.3 Hethanesulphonic acid CH.sub.3 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.3 Hpropanesulphonic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.2 SO.sub.3 Hbutanesulphonic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.3 SO.sub.3 Hpentanesulphonic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.4 SO.sub.3 Hhexanesulphonic acid CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.5 SO.sub.3 Hvinylsulphonic acid CH.sub.2 .dbd.CHSO.sub.3 Hmethallylsulphonic acid CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 Hbenzenesulphonic acid C.sub.6 H.sub.5 SO.sub.3 Htoluenesulphonic acid CH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.4 SO.sub.3 H______________________________________

Examples of sulphonic or carboxylic acid derivatives:

sulphonic/carboxylic acid halides sulphonic/carboxylic acid esters sulphonic/carboxylic anhydrides sulphonic/carboxylic acid salts.

The invention also provides the use of the imides according to the invention and their salts as surface-active agents.

Due to the high surface activity of the imide compounds according to the invention, the imide compounds may, for example, be used in the following fields of application:

In electrolytic processes (for example in electroplating with chromium, copper and nickel, in anodising and in electrolytic degreasing), the compounds according to the invention may be added to suppress spray mist and to prevent discharge losses.

In non-electrolytic bath processes (for example in chemical copper or nickel plating, in chemical degreasing or rust removal, in etching or engraving, in bright dipping, in pickling, black finishing or passivation, in anodic oxidation or in deplating), the compounds according to the invention may be added as spray mist suppressants and cleaning auxiliaries.

In cleaning and maintenance products (such as, for example, in glass, oven, car, building, cladding or metal surface cleaners, in stain removers, in shampoos, in polishes for furniture, cars etc., in self-polishing emulsions or in waxes), the compounds according to the invention may be added as flow control, spreading and wetting agents and to support the properties preventing soil redeposition.

The compounds according to the invention may be used as they are or in formulations as anti-fogging or anti-tarnishing agents (for example for glass, metals or plastics).

The compounds according to the invention may be used as they are or in formulations as corrosion inhibitors or corrosion-protective coatings (for example in polymerisation reactions, for fillers, fibres, salts or magnetic solids, in lacquers or in blood replacements).

Due to their tendency to form gastight barrier layers and therefore to prevent the evaporation or vaporisation of liquids, the compounds according to the invention are also suitable as additives to fire-extinguishing agents.

The compounds according to the invention may be used as mould release agents.

In paints and lacquers, addition of the compounds according to the invention improves flow-out, wetting and adhesion properties. Moreover, by promoting deaeration, they prevent the formation of surface defects (such as, for example, cratering or running-away). Furthermore, adding them improves pigment distribution. The non foam-stabilising action of the compounds according to the invention is particularly advantageous in formulations in the production of water-thinnable lacquers.

The tendency of the compounds according to the invention to form hydrophobic and oleophobic barrier layers makes their use possible in architectural protective agents (for example to screen from environmental influences).

The compounds according to the invention may be used as flow or slip agents (for example in mineral ores or salts, on magnetic tapes or in building materials).

The compounds according to the invention are suitable as lubricants, cutting oil additives or hydraulic oils.

The compounds according to the inventions may be used as drilling auxiliaries (for example increased performance in oil drilling).

The compounds according to the inventions may be used in photographic chemicals or in film production (for example as wetting or anti-static agents).

The compounds according to the invention may be used in plant protection products (for example as wetting and flow control agents).

Addition of the compounds according to the invention to finishes for textiles, leather or paper may, for example, promote wetting or penetration of the finish, provide a defoaming effect or support the finish's hydrophobic/oleophobic action.

The invention is more closely illustrated with the following examples.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

0.3 mol (273.9 g) of polyether of the formula H.sub.2 N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.19.6 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 and 0.3 mol (30.3 g) of triethylamine are heated to 50.degree. C. in a three-necked flask with stirrer, 0.3 mol (150.6 g) of perfluorooctylsulphonyl fluoride are added over 15 minutes and the mixture refluxed for 4 h 30 min while being stirred.

After cooling, a further 0.3 mol (30.3 g) of triethylamine are added, the mixture heated to 50.degree. C., 0.3 mol (90.6 g) of perfluorobutylsulphonyl fluoride added over 15 minutes and refluxed for 2 h while being stirred.

Yield of the desired N-perfluorobutylsulphone-N-perfluorooctylsulphone imide compound is 491 g (corresponding to 98% of theoretical). The surface tension of a 0.1% aqueous solution is 28.1 mN/m, that of a corresponding 1% solution 26.0 mN/m (measured with a ring tensiometer from Lauda).

Example 2

0.3 mol (273.9 g) of polyether of the formula H.sub.2 N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.19.6 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 and 0.6 mol (60.6 g) of triethylamine are heated to 50.degree. C. in a three-necked flask with stirrer, 0.6 mol (181.2 g)of perfluorobutylsulphonyl fluoride are added over 15 minutes and the mixture refluxed for 10 h while being stirred.

Yield of the desired bis-perfluorobutylsulphone imide compound is 421 g (corresponding to 95% of theoretical). The surface tension of a 0.1% aqueous solution is 36.6 mN/m, that of a corresponding 1% solution 26.5 mN/m (measured with a ring tensiometer from Lauda).

Example 3

0.3 mol (273.9 g) of polyether of the formula H.sub.2 N(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.19.6 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 and 0.3 mol (30.3 g) of triethylamine are heated to 50.degree. C. in a three-necked flask with stirrer, 0.3 mol (90.6 g) of perfluorobutylsulphonyl fluoride are added over 15 minutes and the mixture refluxed for 2 h while being stirred.

After cooling, a further 0.3 mol (30.3 g) of triethylamine are added, the mixture heated to 50.degree. C., 0.3 mol (58.8 g) of octylsulphonyl fluoride added over 15 minutes and refluxed for 24 h while being stirred.

After cooling, the mixture is washed with 150 ml of water and dried at 40.degree. C. and 50 mbar. Yield of the desired N-perfluorobutylsulphone-N-octylsulphone imide compound is 276 g (corresponding to 67% of theoretical). The surface tension of a 0.1% aqueous solution is 41.6 mN/m, that of a corresponding 1% solution 30.7 mN/m (measured with a ring tensiometer from Lauda).

Example 4

0.05 mol (53.20 g) of polyether of the formula H.sub.2 N (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.19.6 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 and 0.05 mol (5.05 g) of triethylamine are heated to 60.degree. C. in a three-necked flask with stirrer, 0.05 mol (19.85 g) of perfluorooctanoyl chloride are added over 37 minutes and the mixture refluxed for 12 h while being stirred.

After cooling, a further 0.05 mol (5.05 g) of triethylamine are added, the mixture heated to 60.degree. C., 0.05 mol (6.35 g) octanoylchlorid added over 15 minutes and refluxed for 11 h while being stirred.

Yield N-perfluoroctane-N-octane imide compound is 72 g (corresponding to 98% of theoretical). The surface tension of a 0.1% aqueous solution is 31.9 mN/m, that of a corresponding 1% solution 25.2 mN/m (measured with a ring tensiometer from Lauda).

Melting Point: 30.degree.-40 .degree. C.

Boiling Point: 130.degree.-138 .degree. C.

Example 5

0.05 mol (53.20 g) of polyether of the formula H.sub.2 N (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.19.6 C.sub.4 H.sub.9 and 0.05 mol (5.05 g) of triethylamine are heated to 80.degree. C. in a three-necked flask with stirrer, 0.05 mol (16.01 g) of perfluorobutylsulphonyl fluoride are added over 90 minutes and the mixture refluxed for 15 h while being stirred.

After cooling, a further 0.05 mol (5.05 g) of triethylamine are added, the mixture heated to 80.degree. C., 0.05 mol (6.35 g) octanoylchlorid added over 8 minutes and refluxed for 11 h while being stirred.

Yield N-perfluorobutylsulphone-N-octane imide compound is 70 g (corresponding to 98% of theoretical). The surface tension of a 0.1% aqueous solution is 46.1 mN/m, that of a corresponding 1% solution 27.1 mN/m (measured with a ring tensiometer from Lauda).

Melting Point: 30.degree.-40 .degree. C.

Boiling Point: 105.degree.-110 .degree. C.

Claims

1. Imide compounds containing at least one of fluoroalkyl and fluoroaryl groups, which compounds are of the general formula (I): ##STR6## in which R.sub.F is a linear or branched fluoroalkyl residue with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluoroaryl residue with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a mixed fluoroalkylaryl residue with 7 to 18 carbon atoms or a fluorinated mono or polyether with 2 to 18 carbon atoms,

R is (i) a linear or branched alkyl residue with 1 to 24 carbon atoms, an aryl residue with 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a mixed alkylaryl residue with 7 to 24 carbon atoms, wherein the carbon chain may also be interrupted by oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur atoms, or (ii) a further residue R.sub.F as defined above, wherein the two R.sub.p residues may be the same or different,

each of Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2 represent a ##STR7## or Y.sub.1 represents a >C.dbd.O group and Y.sub.2 represents a ##STR8## m is an integer from 0 to 6, n is an integer from 0 to 6 and

PE is a polyether chain consisting of 5 to 50 ethylene oxide units or 5 to 50 propylene oxide units or a mixture of 5 to 50 ethylene oxide and propylene oxide units and

R.sub.H is a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl residue with 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

2. Imide compounds containing at least one of fluoroalkyl and fluoroaryl groups according to claim 1, wherein R.sub.F is a linear or branched fluoroalkyl residue with 3 to 10 carbon atoms or a fluoroaryl residue with 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

3. Imide compounds containing at least-one of fluoroalkyl and fluoroaryl groups according to claim 1, wherein R.sub.F is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl residue with 3 to 10 carbon atoms or a perfluoroaryl residue with 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

4. Imide compounds according to claim 1, wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl residue with 6 to 14 carbon atoms, an aryl residue with 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a mixed alkylaryl residue with 7 to 14 carbon atoms or a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl residue with 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

5. Imide compounds according to claim 1, wherein m and n are O.

6. Imide compounds according to claim 1, wherein R.sub.H is a linear alkyl residue with 2 to 4 carbon atoms.