Claims
- 1. A sustained release formulation comprising a polymer matrix and a prodrug, dispersed in the polymer, having a general formula of A-L-B in which
A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient; L represents a covalent linker linking A and B to form a prodrug, said linker being cleaved under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; and B represents a moiety which, when linked to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A;
wherein the solubility of therapeutically active form of A in water is greater than 1 mg/ml and the solubility of the prodrug in water is less than 1 mg/ml.
- 2. A sustained release formulation comprising a polymer matrix and a prodrug, dispersed in the polymer, having a general formula of A::B in which
A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient; :: represents a ionic bond between A and B that dissociates under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; B represents a moiety which, when ionically bonded to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A; and
wherein the solubility of therapeutically active form of A in water is greater than 1 mg/ml and the solubility of the prodrug in water is less than 1 mg/ml.
- 3. A sustained release formulation comprising a polymer matrix and a prodrug, dispersed in the polymer, having a general formula of A-L-B in which
A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient; L represents a covalent linker linking A and B to form a prodrug, said linker being cleaved under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; and B represents a moiety which, when linked to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A;
wherein, when disposed in biological fluid, said sustained release formulation provides sustained release of the therapeutically active form of A for a period of at least 24 hours, and, over the period of release, the concentration of the prodrug in fluid outside the polymer is less than 10% of the concentration of the therapeutically active form of A.
- 4. A sustained release formulation comprising a polymer matrix and a prodrug, dispersed in the polymer, having a general formula of A::B in which
A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient; :: represents a ionic bond between A and B that dissociates under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; B represents a moiety which, when ionically bonded to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A; and
wherein, when disposed in biological fluid, said sustained release formulation provides sustained release of the therapeutically active form of A for a period of at least 24 hours, and, over the period of release, the concentration of the prodrug in fluid outside the polymer is less than 10% of the concentration of the therapeutically active form of A.
- 5. A sustained release formulation comprising a polymer matrix and a prodrug, dispersed in the polymer, having a general formula of A-L-B in which
A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient; L represents a covalent linker linking A and B to form a prodrug, said linker being cleaved under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; and B represents a moiety which, when linked to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A;
wherein the therapeutically active form of A has a logP value at least 1 logP unit less than the logP value of the prodrug.
- 6. A sustained release formulation comprising a polymer matrix and a prodrug, dispersed in the polymer, having a general formula of A::B in which
A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient; :: represents a ionic bond between A and B that dissociates under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; B represents a moiety which, when ionically bonded to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A; and
wherein the therapeutically active form of A has a logP value at least 1 logP unit less than the logP value of the prodrug.
- 7. The sustained release formulation of claims 1 or 2, wherein the solubility of the prodrug is less than 100 μg/ml in water.
- 8. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6, wherein B is a hydrophobic aliphatic moiety.
- 9. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6, wherein B is a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form generated upon cleavage of said linker L or dissociation of said ionic bond.
- 10. The sustained release formulation of claim 9, wherein A and B are the same drug moiety.
- 11. The sustained release formulation of claim 9, wherein A and B are different drug moieties.
- 12. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6, wherein B, after cleavage from the prodrug, is a biologically inert moiety.
- 13. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6, wherein A is selected from immune response modifiers, anti-proliferatives, corticosteroids, angiostatic steroids, anti-parasitic drugs, anti-glaucoma drugs, antibiotics, anti-sense compounds, differentiation modulators, antiviral drugs, anticancer drugs, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
- 14. The sustained release formulation of 9, wherein B is selected from immune response modifiers, anti-proliferatives, corticosteroids, angiostatic steroids, anti-parasitic drugs, anti-glaucoma drugs, antibiotics, anti-sense compounds, differentiation modulators, antiviral drugs, anticancer drugs, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
- 15. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6, wherein the duration of release of the therapeutically active form of A from the polymer matrix is at least 24 hours.
- 16. The sustained release formulation of claim 9, wherein A is 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and B is naproxen.
- 17. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6 or 9, wherein at least one of A or B is an antineoplastic agent.
- 18. The sustained release formulation of claim 17, wherein said antineoplastic agent selected from the group consisting of anthracyclines, vincaalkaloids, purine analogs, pyrimidine analogs, inhibitors of pyrimidine biosynthesis, and alkylating agents.
- 19. The sustained release formulation of claim 17, wherein said antineoplastic drug is a fluorinated pyrimidine.
- 20. The sustained release formulation of claim 17, wherein said antineoplastic drug is selected from the group consisting of 5-fluorouracil (5FU), 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine 5-fluorouridine, 2′-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, fluorocytosine, 5-trifluoromethyl-2′-deoxyuridine, arabinoxyl cytosine, cyclocytidine, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, arabinosyl 5-azacytosine, 6-azacytidine, N-phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartic acid, pyrazofurin, 6-azauridine, azaribine, and 3-deazauridine.
- 21. The sustained release formulation of claim 17, wherein said antineoplastic drug is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog selected from the group consisting of arabinosyl cytosine, cyclocytidine, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, arabinosyl 5-azacytosine, and 6-azacytidine.
- 22. The sustained release formulation of claim 17, wherein said antineoplastic drug is selected from the group consisting of Cladribine, 6-mercaptopurine, pentostatin, 6-thioguanine, and fludarabin phosphate.
- 23. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6, wherein the therapeutically active form of A is 5-fluorouracil.
- 24. The sustained release formulation of claim 1-6 or 9, wherein at least one of A or B is an anti-inflammatory agent.
- 25. The sustained release formulation of claim 24, wherein said anti-inflammatory agent is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory.
- 26. The sustained release formulation of claim 25, wherein said anti-inflammatory agent is selected from the group consisting of diclofenac, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, ketorolac, nahumstone, naproxen and piroxicam.
- 27. The sustained release formulation of claim 24, wherein anti-inflammatory agent is a glucocorticoid.
- 28. The sustained release formulation of claim 27, wherein said glucocorticoid is selected from the group consisting of aclometasone, beclomethasone, betamethasone, budesonide, clobetasol, clobetasone, cortisone, desonide, desoximetasone, diflorosane, flumethasone, flunisolide, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinolone, fluocortolone, fluprednidene, flurandrenolide, fluticasone, hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone aceponate, mometasone furdate, prednisolone, prednisone and rofleponide.
- 29. The sustained release formulation of claim 9, wherein the therapeutically active form of B is selected from fluocinolone acetonide, triamcinolone acetonide, diclofenac, and naproxen.
- 30. The sustained release formulation of claim 1, wherein the linkage L is hydrolyzed in bodily fluid.
- 31. The sustained release formulation of claim 1, wherein the linkage L includes one or more hydrolyzable groups selected from the group consisting of an ester, an amide, a carbamate, a carbonate, a cyclic ketal, a thioester, a thioamide, a thiocarbamate, a thiocarbonate, a xanthate and a phosphate ester.
- 32. The sustained release formulation of claim 1, wherein the linkage L is enzymatically cleaved.
- 33. The sustained release formulation of claim 1, wherein the prodrug, in its linked form, has an ED50 for producing said clinical response at least 10 times greater than the ED50 of the therapeutically active form of A.
- 34. The sustained release formulation of claim 1, wherein the prodrug, in its linked form, has an ED50 for producing said clinical response at least 1000 times greater than the ED50 of the therapeutically active form of A.
- 35. The sustained release formulation of claim 1, wherein the therapeutically active form of A is at least 10 times more soluble in water relative to said prodrug.
- 36. The sustained release formulation of claim 29, wherein the prodrug is selected from 5FU covalently bonded to fluocinolone acetonide, 5FU covalently bonded to naproxen, and 5FU covalently bonded to diclofenac.
- 37. The sustained release formulation of claim 9, wherein the prodrug is selected from ciprofloxacin-diclofenac (VI) and ciprofloxacin-naproxen.
- 38. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6, wherein the polymer is non-bioerodible.
- 39. The sustained release formulation of claim 38, wherein the non-bioerodible polymer is selected from polyurethane, polysilicone, poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate), polyvinyl alcohol, and derivatives and copolymers thereof.
- 40. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6, wherein the polymer is bioerodible.
- 41. The sustained release formulation of claim 40, wherein the bioerodible polymer is selected from polyanhydride, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polyorthoester, polyalkylcyanoacrylate, and derivatives and copolymers thereof.
- 42. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6, wherein the polymer holds the prodrug in a particular anatomic position and prevents disintegration of the prodrug.
- 43. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6, wherein the polymer reduces interaction between the prodrug in the polymer and proteinaceous components in surrounding bathing fluid.
- 44. The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6, wherein the system is adapted to be injected or implanted into a body.
- 45. A medical device comprising:
(i) a substrate having a surface; and, (ii) a coating adhered to the surface, said coating comprising a polymer matrix having a low solubility prodrug dispersed therein, wherein said low solubility prodrug is represented by the general formula A-L-B, in which
A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient; L represents a covalent linker linking A and B to form a prodrug, said linker being cleaved under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; and B represents a moiety which, when linked to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A.
- 46. The device of claim 45, wherein the polymer matrix is essentially non-release rate limiting with respect to the rate of release of the therapeutically active form of A from the coating.
- 47. The device of claim 45, wherein the substrate is a surgical implement selected from a screw, a plate, a washer, a suture, a prosthesis anchor, a tack, a staple, an electrical lead, a valve, and a membrane.
- 48. The device of claim 45, selected from the group consisting of catheters, implantable vascular access ports, blood storage bags, blood tubing, central venous catheters, arterial catheters, vascular grafts, intraaortic balloon pumps, heart valves, cardiovascularsutures, artificial hearts, a pacemaker, ventricular assist pumps, extracorporeal devices, blood filters, hemodialysis units, hemoperfasion units, plasmapheresis units, and filters adapted for deployment in a blood vessel.
- 49. The device of claim 45, which is a vascular stent.
- 50. The device of claim 49, which is an expandable stent, and said coating is flexible to accommodate compressed and expanded states of said expandable stent.
- 51. The device of claim 45, wherein the weight of the coating attributable to the prodrug is in the range of about 0.05 mg to about 50 mg of prodrug per cm2 of the surface coated with said polymer matrix.
- 52. The device of claim 45, wherein the coating has a thickness is in the range of 5 micrometers to 100 micrometers.
- 53. The device of claim 45, wherein prodrug is present in an amount between 5% and 70% by weight of the coating.
- 54. A coated device combination, comprising a medical device for implantation within a patient's body, said medical device having one or more surfaces coated with a polymer formulation of any of claims 1-6 in a manner that permits the coated surface to release the therapeutically active form of A over a period of time when implanted in the patient.
- 55. The coated device of claim 54, wherein the device is an elongate radially expandable tubular stent having an interior luminal surface and an opposite exterior surface extending along a longitudinal stent axis.
- 56. A stent having at least a portion which is insertable or implantable into the body of a patient, wherein the portion has a surface which is adapted for exposure to body tissue and wherein at least a part of the surface is covered with a coating for releasing at least one biologically active material, the coating comprising a polymer matrix having a low solubility prodrug dispersed therein, wherein said low solubility prodrug is represented by the general formula A-L-B, in which A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient;
L represents a covalent linker linking A and B to form a prodrug, said linker being cleaved under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; and B represents a moiety which, when linked to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A.
- 57. An intraluminal medical device coated with a sustained release system comprising a biologically tolerated polymer and a low-solubility prodrug dispersed in the polymer, said device having an interior surface and an exterior surface; said device having said system applied to at least a part of the interior surface, the exterior surface, or both.
- 58. A method for treating an intraluminal tissue of a patient, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a stent having an interior surface and an exterior surface, said stent having a coating on at least a part of the interior surface, the exterior surface, or both; said coating comprising a low-solubility pharmaceutical prodrug dissolved or dispersed in a biologically-tolerated polymer; (b) positioning the stent at an appropriate intraluminal tissue site; and (c) deploying the stent.
- 59. A coating composition for use in delivering a medicament from the surface of a medical device positioned in vivo, the composition comprising a polymer matrix having a low solubility prodrug dispersed therein, wherein said low solubility prodrug is represented by the general formula A-L-B, in which
A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient; L represents a covalent linker linking A and B to form a prodrug, said linker being cleaved under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; and B represents a moiety which, when linked to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A;
which coating composition is provided in liquid or suspension form for application to the surface of said medical device by spraying and/or dipping the device in said composition.
- 60. A coating composition for use in delivering a medicament from the surface of a medical device positioned in vivo, the composition comprising a polymer matrix having a low solubility prodrug dispersed therein, wherein said low solubility prodrug is represented by the general formula A-L-B, in which
A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient; L represents a covalent linker linking A and B to form a prodrug, said linker being cleaved under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; B represents a moiety which, when linked to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A;
which coating composition is provided in powdered form and, upon addition of a solvent, can reconstitute a liquid or suspension form for application to the surface of said medical device by spraying and/or dipping the device in said composition.
- 61. An injectable composition for use in delivering a medicament to a patient, the composition comprising a polymer matrix having a low solubility prodrug dispersed therein, wherein said low solubility prodrug is represented by the general formula A-L-B, in which
A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient; L represents a covalent linker linking A and B to form a prodrug, said linker being cleaved under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; B represents a moiety which, when linked to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A;
which composition is provided in liquid or suspension form adapted for delivery by injection through a needle.
- 62. A method of manufacturing a sustained release system, comprising admixing a polymer matrix and a therapeutically effective amount of a low solubility prodrug, wherein
(i) said low solubility prodrug is represented by the general formula A-L-B, in which
A represents a drug moiety having a therapeutically active form for producing a clinical response in a patient; L represents a covalent linker linking A and B to form a prodrug, said linker being cleaved under physiological conditions to generate said therapeutically active form of A; B represents a moiety which, when linked to A, results in the prodrug having a lower solubility than the therapeutically active form of A; and (ii) the polymer matrix is permeable to the therapeutically active form of A, and is essentially non-release rate limiting with respect to a rate of release of therapeutically active form of A from the polymer matrix.
- 63. The method of claim 62, further comprising the step of applying the mixture of polymer matrix and prodrug to a surface of a surgical implement.
- 64. A method for treating a mammalian organism to obtain a desired local or systemic physiological or pharmacological effect, comprising: administering a therapeutically effective amount of The sustained release formulation of any of claims 1-6 to a mammal.
- 65. A use of a sustained release system of any of claims 1-6 in the manufacture of a medication for treating a patient with a sustained dosage regimen of the therapeutically active form of A.
- 66. The sustained release formulation of claim 5 or 6, wherein the therapeutically active form of A has a logP value at least 2 logP unit less than the logP value of the prodrug.
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Application No. 60/286,343, filed Apr. 26, 2001; U.S. Application No. 60/322,428, filed Sep. 17, 2001; and U.S. Application No. 60/372,761, filed Apr. 15, 2002, the specifications of each of which are incorporated by reference herein.
Provisional Applications (3)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
|
60286343 |
Apr 2001 |
US |
|
60322428 |
Sep 2001 |
US |
|
60372761 |
Apr 2002 |
US |