The field of the invention relates to firearms, particularly receivers for firearms where the receiver is a polymer material.
Many modern firearms and firearm accessories (including handguns, rifles, carbines, shotguns, etc.) are designed based on existing modular firearm systems. For example, many firearms and related accessories are designed for compatibility with the AR-15 variant (civilian) or M16/M4 (military) firearm platform (i.e., collectively, AR-15 style firearms). Many of these products follow traditional designs based on industry standards and/or military specification (milspec).
Consumers often prefer to manufacture their own receiver for an AR-15 style firearm, as opposed to purchasing a receiver. In some cases, the consumer may purchase a receiver blank (often referred to as an 80% receiver) that does not meet the definition of a “firearm” and thus are not subject to regulation under the Gun Control Act (GCA) according to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. In some cases, the receiver blank is partially manufactured such that the fire-control cavity area is completely solid and/or un-machined such that the receiver blank has not reached the “stage of manufacture” which would result in the classification of a firearm according to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives' interpretation of the GCA.
To increase access to firearms and convenience for a greater number of operators while reducing the cost and complexity associated with manufacturing a receiver for the consumer, it may be desirable to design new firearm receivers with polymer materials that can be easily manufactured from receiver blanks.
The terms “invention,” “the invention,” “this invention” and “the present invention” used in this patent are intended to refer broadly to all of the subject matter of this patent and the patent claims below. Statements containing these terms should be understood not to limit the subject matter described herein or to limit the meaning or scope of the patent claims below. Embodiments of the invention covered by this patent are defined by the claims below, not this summary. This summary is a high-level overview of various aspects of the invention and introduces some of the concepts that are further described in the Detailed Description section below. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all drawings and each claim.
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, a receiver blank comprises: a receiver body comprising a magazine well; and an insert, wherein: the insert is located internal to the receiver body; the insert is manufactured before the receiver body; and the insert must be removed from the receiver body to convert the receiver blank to a firearm receiver.
The subject matter of embodiments of the present invention is described here with specificity to meet statutory requirements, but this description is not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the claims. The claimed subject matter may be embodied in other ways, may include different elements or steps, and may be used in conjunction with other existing or future technologies. This description should not be interpreted as implying any particular order or arrangement among or between various steps or elements except when the order of individual steps or arrangement of elements is explicitly described.
Although the illustrated embodiments in
In some cases, a firearm 1 includes a receiver assembly 100, an upper receiver 10, a charging handle 11, a buffer tube 12, a stock 13, a grip 14, a magazine 15, and a bolt carrier group 16 (see
According to certain embodiments of the present invention, as shown in
The threaded mount 102 may be an integral portion of the receiver body 101 or may be a separate component. In some embodiments, the threaded mount 102 is an integral component of the receiver body 101 where the receiver body 101 is a non-metallic material (e.g., a polymer material, a plastic material, a composite material, or any appropriate non-metallic material). In other embodiments, the threaded mount 102 and the receiver body 101 are different materials. For example, the threaded mount 102 may be a metallic material and the receiver body 101 may be a non-metallic material.
There are advantages for polymer materials when used for firearm receivers including reduced weight, reduced manufacturing cost/complexity, increased ductility/flexibility, among others. In addition, for embodiments that include polymer materials for some portion(s) of the receiver assembly 100, the polymer material may improve some characteristics of the firearm 1. For example, compared to some metallic materials (such as aluminum), the polymer material may absorb and dissipate more energy and/or vibration. This results in less energy transferred from the chamber of the firearm (where the cartridge is fired) to the operator (i.e., less recoil). Consequently, after firing a round, the operator can more quickly acquire subsequent targets, which results in greater accuracy for additional shots fired. In other words, some of the energy from firing the cartridge is absorbed in receiver body 101 without being transferred to the operator (where conventional metallic receivers will transfer a greater percentage of the energy to the operator).
As shown in
A solution to these sink problems is to create an insert (e.g., insert 201) that corresponds to part or all of the internal space of the fire-control cavity 108. The insert 201 may be molded first (in a separate mold) before being inserted into the mold for the receiver body 101. The receiver body 101 may then be co-molded or overmolded relative to the insert 201. The result is a receiver body 101 where the fire-control cavity 108 is completely solid such that the receiver body 101 is a receiver blank 100a (not a firearm). In other words, the resultant receiver body 101 is indistinguishable from a receiver blank 100a molded in a single step and avoids sink issues. As shown in
The receiver assembly 100 and/or the receiver blank 100a may include provisions for adding a serial number (i.e., to comply with legal requirements and/or for a user customization). In some cases, the receiver assembly 100 or the receiver blank 100a includes a specified portion 103 for serialization. The portion 103 may be part of the threaded mount 102, part of the receiver body 101, a separate plate that is neither part of the threaded mount 102 nor part of the receiver body 101, and/or any other appropriate configuration. When the portion 103 is a separate plate, the portion 103 may be metallic, polymer, and/or any other appropriate material.
The insert 201 may be made from the same material as the receiver body 101. For example, the insert 201 and the receiver body 101 may each be made from a polymer material including, for example, plastic, thermoplastic, nylon, polyetherimide, polyoxymethylene (acetal), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, carbon composite, and/or other plastic or polymer materials. In some embodiments, the insert 201 is made from the same material and has the same color as the receiver body 101 such that the components are indistinguishable after the receiver body 101 is molded. In other embodiments, the insert 201 is the same material but is a different color than the receiver body 101. A different color material may aid the consumer in removing the material within the fire-control cavity 108 when manufacturing his/her receiver. In some embodiments, the insert 201 is smaller than the appropriate dimensions for the fire-control cavity 108. The insert 201 may have a height H, a width W1, and width W2 where one or more of these dimensions are smaller than the correct/desired dimensions of the fire-control cavity 108. In other words, the consumer would need to remove all of the material of the insert 201 and some of the material of the receiver body 101 to manufacture a receiver. For example, if the insert 201 is a different color, the consumer would begin by removing all of the material based on the color of the insert 201 followed by an additional step of removing a precise measured amount of material from the receiver body 101.
As shown in
In some embodiments, the insert 201 is a different material from the receiver body 101. The receiver body 101 may be a polymer material including, for example, plastic, thermoplastic, nylon, polyetherimide, polyoxymethylene (acetal), polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, carbon composite, and/or other plastic or polymer materials. In some cases, the insert 201 is a different material with different properties than the material of the receiver body 101. For example, the insert 201 may be a polyvinyl alcohol thermoplastic, a polyvinyl acetal, Elvanol®, Mowiflex™, and/or any water-soluble synthetic polymer. In cases where the insert 201 is water soluble, a consumer may apply water to the receiver body 101 to remove the insert 201 (e.g., soaking or spraying the receiver with water). The resulting portion of the receiver body 101 may still require the consumer to remove material to fully manufacture the receiver. For example, the consumer may need to remove an upper surface 109 of the fire-control cavity 108. The receiver body 101 may also include a plurality of vertical (cylindrical) protrusions within the fire-control cavity 108 corresponding to the holes 204 which the consumer would need to remove to fully manufacture the receiver. As discussed above, the width (W1 and/or W2) may be smaller than the desired size of the fire-control cavity 108 such that the consumer would need to remove a portion of the side walls of the receiver body 101.
The receiver assembly 100, the receiver body 101, the insert 201, and the other components described herein may be manufactured in various different ways. In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a receiver blank 100a includes molding an insert 201 by injecting liquified polymer into a first mold or cavity followed by locating the insert 201 in a second mold or cavity and co-molding or overmolding a receiver body 101 relative to the insert 201 (injecting liquified polymer) in the second mold or cavity to create the receiver blank 100a. In some cases, the molding machine may include a first cavity for the insert 201 and a second cavity for overmolding the receiver body 101 relative to the insert 201. In other embodiments, the insert 201 is formed in a first mold before being removed and inserted into a second separate mold for overmolding the receiver body 101 relative to the insert 201. As shown in
In some embodiments, the manufacturing process continues after the receiver blank 100a has been sold to a consumer and the consumer begins the necessary additional steps to manufacture the receiver assembly 100. The consumer will need to remove a volume of material corresponding to the fire-control cavity 108. This volume may correspond to the insert 201, or in other cases, this volume may be larger than the insert 201 (i.e., the consumer would need to remove the insert and some material of the receiver body 101).
The process of removing the material corresponding to the fire-control cavity 108 may include using appropriate tools to cut away the material. The appropriate tools may include one or more of a milling machine, a drill press, a plunge router, a fixed base router, a trim router, a handheld drill, a rotary tool, a chisel, and/or any other appropriate tool for cutting or removing material. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the fire-control cavity 108 (i.e., the insert 201) is made from a water soluble material. For example, the insert 201 may be a polyvinyl alcohol thermoplastic, a polyvinyl acetal, Elvanol®, Mowiflex™, and/or any water-soluble synthetic polymer. In cases where the insert 201 is water soluble, a consumer may apply water to the receiver body 101 to remove the insert 201 (e.g., soaking or spraying the receiver with water). The resulting portion of the receiver body 101 may still require the consumer to remove material to fully manufacture the receiver. For example, the consumer may need to remove an upper surface 109 of the fire-control cavity 108. The receiver body 101 may also include a plurality of vertical (cylindrical) protrusions within the fire-control cavity 108 corresponding to the holes 204 which the consumer would need to remove to fully manufacture the receiver. As discussed above, the width (W1 and/or W2) may be smaller than the desired size of the fire-control cavity 108 such that the consumer would need to remove a portion of the side walls of the receiver body 101. In addition, the consumer would need to accurately drill holes for the fire control group and the safety selector assembly 160.
In other embodiments, the receiver blank 100a is created using a single mold. For example, as shown in
In some embodiments, the magazine release assembly 120 includes at least one mechanism for releasing the magazine 15 from the magazine well 105. In particular, the magazine may be released due to movement of the left and/or right side magazine release portions 121, 122. Conventional lower receivers include a button-operated mechanism that releases a magazine based on linear movement where the mechanism can only be operated from the right side of the firearm (designed exclusively for right-handed operators). While the magazine release assembly 120 may include a single mechanism on only one side of the firearm, in some embodiments, the magazine release assembly 120 includes a left side magazine release portion 121 and a right side magazine release portion 122 such that the magazine release assembly 120 is fully ambidextrous. In some embodiments, the left and/or right side magazine release portions 121, 122 may each include a lever mechanism while in other embodiments, the magazine release assembly 120 includes other modes of operation including, for example, electronic, gear-driven, belt-driven, linear actuators, other mechanical systems, or any other appropriate type of operation. In other words, the magazine release assembly 120 may include at least one pivoting lever.
The left and/or right side magazine release portions 121, 122 may be metallic components in some embodiments. In other embodiments, at least some portions of the left and right side magazine release portions 121, 122 may be a non-metallic material (e.g., polymer).
In some embodiments, the bolt release assembly 140 includes at least one mechanism for manipulating the bolt carrier group 16. In some cases, the bolt carrier group 16 is biased toward a forward end of the firearm (e.g., by a spring within the buffer tube 12). In certain conditions, the bolt release assembly 140 engages and holds the bolt carrier group 16 in a rear position (see
Conventional lower receivers include a pivoting mechanism that manipulates a bolt carrier group based on rotational movement where the mechanism can only be operated from the left side of the firearm. While the bolt release assembly 140 may include a single mechanism on only one side of the firearm, in some embodiments, the bolt release assembly 140 includes a left side bolt release portion 141 and a right side bolt release portion 142 such that the bolt release assembly 140 is fully ambidextrous. In some embodiments, the left and/or right side bolt release portions 141, 142 may each include a lever mechanism while in other embodiments, the bolt release assembly 140 includes other modes of operation including, for example, electronic, gear-driven, belt-driven, linear actuators, other mechanical systems, or any other appropriate type of operation. In other words, the bolt release assembly 140 may include at least one pivoting lever.
In some cases, the operator interface portions for raising/lowering the bolt release central portion 150 (left and/or right side bolt release portions 141, 142) are symmetric on each side of the receiver assembly 100. Such a configuration ensures consistent operation and ergonomics for each operator, including both right-hand dominant and left-hand dominant operators. The left and/or right side bolt release portions 141, 142 may be metallic components in some embodiments. In other embodiments, at least some portions of the left and right side bolt release portions 141, 142 may be a non-metallic material (e.g., polymer).
As shown in
The components of any of the firearms 1 and/or the receiver assemblies 100 described herein may be formed of materials including, but not limited to, thermoplastic, carbon composite, plastic, nylon, polyetherimide, steel, aluminum, stainless steel, high strength aluminum alloy, other plastic or polymer materials, other metallic materials, other composite materials, or other similar materials. Moreover, the components of the firearms may be attached to one another via suitable fasteners, which include, but are not limited to, screws, bolts, rivets, welds, co-molding, injection molding, or other mechanical or chemical fasteners.
Different arrangements of the components depicted in the drawings or described above, as well as components and steps not shown or described are possible. Similarly, some features and sub-combinations are useful and may be employed without reference to other features and sub-combinations. Embodiments of the invention have been described for illustrative and not restrictive purposes, and alternative embodiments will become apparent to readers of this patent. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above or depicted in the drawings, and various embodiments and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the claims below.
This application is related to and claims priority benefit from U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/172,290 (“the '290 application”), filed on Apr. 8, 2021 and entitled “POLYMER FIREARM RECEIVER.” The '290 application is hereby incorporated in its entirety by this reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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63172290 | Apr 2021 | US |