Patent Application
20160009048
Perforated films are typically used in the personal hygiene field providing a fluid transfer film allowing the fluid to be removed from areas near to the skin and into the absorbent area. Other common applications are in the food packaging industry and more recently acoustics absorption. Perforated films for these applications are usually less than 100 micrometers (0.004 inch) thick (more typically less than 50 micrometers (0.002 inch) thick) and are made, for example, of olefins, polypropylene, or polyethylene.
Typical processing methods to produce perforated films include; vacuum drawing of film into a perforated panel or roll, use of pressurized fluid to form and puncture the film, needle punching with either cold or hot needles, or lasers to melt holes in the film. These processes, however, tend to have processing limitations such a hole size, hole density, and/or film thickness of film.
Vacuum or pressurized fluid forming of perforated films tends to be limited to relatively thin films (i.e., films less than 100 micrometers thick) due to the forces available to deform and puncture the film. Also materials used in this type of forming process tend to be limited to olefin-based polymers. Another characteristic of this type of process is the creation of a protrusion in the film where the film is stretched until a perforation is created. This protrusion can be an advantage in the case of fluid control where the protrusion can act as a directional flow control feature. However, it can also be a disadvantage in applications where a low pressure drop is desired. The protrusion creates an elongated hole thereby increasing the surface area and increase fluid drag.
Needle punching processes are also largely used for relatively thin films, but film thicknesses up to about 254 micrometers (0.010 inch) are sometimes seen. Limitations with this process tend to include perforation diameter holes per unit area, and protrusions in the film.
Laser perforation processes can provide relatively small holes (i.e., less than 50 micrometers), can perforate a wide range of thicknesses, can create perforations that are planar with the film surfaces (i.e., without the protrusions associated, for example, with needle punching processes). Limitations of laser perforation processes include the types of materials that suitable for the process, and processing speeds and costs. Laser perforation processes tend to be best suited for processing films from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), or other higher glass transition temperature materials. Lasers are often not very effective, for example, in perforating olefin-based materials.
In one aspect, the present disclosure describes a polymeric multilayer film having first and second generally opposed major surfaces, an array of openings extending between the first and second major surfaces, and a thickness greater than 125 micrometers (in some embodiments, greater than 150 micrometers, 200 micrometers, 250 micrometers, 500 micrometers, 750 micrometers, 1000 micrometers, 1500 micrometers, 2000 micrometers, or even at least 2500 micrometers; in some embodiments, in a range from 125 micrometers to 1500 micrometers, or even 125 micrometers to 2500 micrometers), wherein there are at least 30 openings/cm2 (in some embodiments, at least 100 openings/cm2, 200 openings/cm2, 250 openings/cm2, 300 openings/cm2, 400 openings/cm2, 500 openings/cm2, 600 openings/cm2, 700 openings/cm2, 750 openings/cm2, 800 openings/cm2, 900 openings/cm2, 1000 openings/cm2, 2000 openings/cm2, 3000 openings/cm2, or even least 4000 openings/cm2; in some embodiments, in a range from 30 openings/cm2 to 200 openings/cm2, 200 openings/cm2 to 500 openings/cm2, or even 500 openings/cm2 to 4000 openings/cm2), and wherein the openings each have a series of areas through the openings from the first and second major surfaces ranging from minimum to maximum areas, and wherein the minimum area is not at at least one of the major surfaces.
In another aspect, the present disclosure describes a method of making a polymeric multilayer film described herein, the method comprising:
extruding at least two (in some embodiments, at least three, four, five, or more) polymeric layers into a nip to provide a polymeric multilayer film, wherein the nip comprises a first roll having a structured surface that imparts indentations through a first major surface of the polymeric multilayer film; and
passing the first major surface having the indentations over a chill roll while applying a heat source to a generally opposed second major surface of the polymeric multilayer film, wherein the application of heat from the heat source results in formation of openings to provide the polymeric multilayer film. In some embodiments, the method further comprises separating at least the first and second layers of the polymeric multilayer film having the openings.
In another aspect, the present disclosure describes a method of making a polymeric multilayer film, the method comprising:
extruding at least two (in some embodiments, at least three, four, five, or more) polymeric layers into a nip to provide a polymeric multilayer film, wherein the nip comprises a first roll having a structured surface that imparts indentations through a first major surface of the polymeric multilayer film;
separating at least the first and second layers of the polymeric multilayer films, wherein the first film layer has a second major generally opposed to the first major surface; and
passing the first major surface of the first film layer having the indentations over a chill roll while applying a heat source to the generally opposed second major surface of the first film layer, wherein the application of heat from the heat source results in formation of openings to provide a polymeric film having first and second generally opposed major surfaces and an array of openings extending between the first and second major surfaces.
Embodiments of polymeric multilayer film described herein are useful, for example, for filtration and acoustic absorption.
Referring to
Exemplary polymeric materials for making the polymeric multilayer films include polypropylene and polyethylene.
Polymeric multilayer films described herein can be made, for example, by methods described herein. For example, referring to
Another exemplary method is shown in
Optionally, any of the polymeric materials comprising an article described herein may comprise additives such as inorganic fillers, pigments, slip agents, and flame retardants.
Suitable extrusion apparatuses (including materials for making components of the apparatuses) for making multilayer films described herein should be apparent to those skilled in the art after reviewing the instant disclosure, including the working examples. For examples, the rolls (e.g., 234, 236, 238, 334, 336, 338) can made of metals such as steel. In some embodiments the surface of rolls contacting the polymeric material(s) are chrome plated, copper plated, or aluminum. Rolls can be chilled, for example using conventional techniques such as water cooling. Nip force can be provided, for example, by pneumatic cylinders.
Exemplary extrusion speeds include those in a range from 3-15 m/min. (in some embodiments, in a range from 15-50 m/min, 50-100 m/min., or more).
Exemplary extrusion temperatures are in range from 200° C.-230° C. (in some embodiments, in a range from 230° C.-260° C., 260-300° C., or greater).
In some embodiments, the openings are greater than 25 micrometers (in some embodiments, greater than 50 micrometers, 75 micrometers, 100 micrometers. 150 micrometers, 200 micrometers, 250 micrometers, 500 micrometers, 750 micrometers, 1000 micrometers, 1500 micrometers, 2000 micrometers, or even at least 2500 micrometers; in some embodiments, in a range from 25 micrometers to 1500 micrometers, or even 25 micrometers to 2500 micrometers) at the largest point.
In some embodiments, the openings have a largest dimension of not greater than 100 micrometers (in some embodiments, not greater than 250 micrometers, 500 micrometers, or 1000 micrometers; in some embodiments, in a range from 25 micrometers to 100 micrometers, 100 micrometers to 250 micrometers, 250 micrometers to 500 micrometers, or even 500 micrometers to 1000 micrometers).
The openings may be in any of a variety of shapes, including circles and ovals.
In some embodiments there are at least 30 openings/cm2 (in some embodiments, at least 100 openings/cm2, 200 openings/cm2, 250 openings/cm2, 300 openings/cm2, 400 openings/cm2, 500 openings/cm2, 600 openings/cm2, 700 openings/cm2, 750 openings/cm2, 800 openings/cm2, 900 openings/cm2, 1000 openings/cm2, 2000 openings/cm2, 3000 openings/cm2, or even least 4000 openings/cm2; in some embodiments, in a range from 30 openings/cm2 to 200 openings/cm2, 200 openings/cm2 to 500 openings/cm2, or even 500 openings/cm2 to 4000 openings/cm2).
In some embodiments of polymeric multilayer films described herein at least one of the layers comprises polypropylene and at least another of the layers comprises polyethylene.
In some embodiments of polymeric multilayer films herein having a flow resistance, as determined by the Flow Resistance Test, in a range from 250 rayls to 2150 rayls (in some embodiments, 650 rayls to 2150 rayls, or even 1250 rayls to 2150 rayls). The Flow Resistance Test is generally as described in ASTM Standard: C522 -03 (2003 ) using the following procedure. The film to be tested was cut to a diameter slightly greater than the outer diameter of the flange of the top of the specimen holder which is 100 mm in diameter. The specimens to be tested are held in place with a clamping ring with grease on the flange to limit the porous part of the specimen to the inside diameter of the holder. Grease is also used to prevent the flow of air into the edges of the specimen. The specimen holder is then sealed to the mounting plate and the airflow adjusted to give readable settings on the flow meter and pressure measuring device. The air flow is linear air flow, and is typically in the range from 2-7 mm/sec. The differential pressure, P, the flow rate, U, and the calculated quotient, Flow Resistance, R=P/U are recorded. Five replicates are tested, using a larger airflow rate each time. If the apparent resistance increased in a steady way, the airflow is likely turbulent and the readings are to be discarded. A series of at least three measurements at well separated airflow velocities (25% recommended minimum differential) below the turbulent level are performed. The temperature range of the measurements is in a range from 21° C.-23° C. No adjustment is made for the barometric pressure.
Embodiments of polymeric multilayer film described herein are useful, for example, for filtration and acoustic absorption.
1. A polymeric multilayer film having first and second generally opposed major surfaces, an array of openings extending between the first and second major surfaces, and a thickness greater than 125 micrometers (in some embodiments, greater than 150 micrometers, 200 micrometers, 250 micrometers, 500 micrometers, 750 micrometers, 1000 micrometers, 1500 micrometers, 2000 micrometers, or even at least 2500 micrometers; in some embodiments, in a range from 125 micrometers to 1500 micrometers, or even 125 micrometers to 2500 micrometers), wherein there are at least 30 openings/cm2 (in some embodiments, at least 100 openings/cm2, 200 openings/cm2, 250 openings/cm2, 300 openings/cm2, 400 openings/cm2, 500 openings/cm2, 600 openings/cm2, 700 openings/cm2, 750 openings/cm2, 800 openings/cm2, 900 openings/cm2, 1000 openings/cm2, 2000 openings/cm2, 3000 openings/cm2, or even least 4000 openings/cm2; in some embodiments, in a range from 30 openings/cm2 to 200 openings/cm2, 200 openings/cm2 to 500 openings/cm2, or even 500 openings/cm2 to 4000 openings/cm2), and wherein the openings each have a series of areas through the openings from the first and second major surfaces ranging from minimum to maximum areas, and wherein the minimum area is not at at least one of the major surfaces.
2. The polymeric multilayer film of Exemplary Embodiment 1, wherein the openings have a largest dimension of not greater than 100 micrometers (in some embodiments, not greater than 250 micrometers, 500 micrometers, or 1000 micrometers; in some embodiments, in a range from 25 micrometers to 100 micrometers, 100 micrometers to 250 micrometers, 250 micrometers to 500 micrometers, or even 500 micrometers to 1000 micrometers).
3. The polymeric multilayer film of any preceding Exemplary Embodiment, wherein at least one of the layers comprises polypropylene and at least another of the layers comprises polyethylene.
4. The polymeric multilayer film of any preceding Exemplary Embodiment herein having a flow resistance, as determined by the Flow Resistance Test , in a range from 250 rayls to 2150 rayls (in some embodiments, 650 rayls to 2150 rayls, or even 1250 rayls to 2150 rayls).
5
. A method of making a polymeric multilayer film, the method comprising:
6. The method of Exemplary Embodiment 5 further comprising separating at least the first and second layers of the polymeric multilayer film having the openings.
7. A method of making a polymeric multilayer film, the method comprising:
Advantages and embodiments of this invention are further illustrated by the following examples, but the particular materials and amounts thereof recited in these examples, as well as other conditions and details, should not be construed to unduly limit this invention. All parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise indicated.
A perforated multilayer polymeric film was prepared using the following procedures. A three layer polymeric film consisting of layers A, B and C was prepared using three extruders to feed a 25 cm wide 3 layer multi-manifold die (obtained under the trade designation “CLOEREN” from Cloeren, Inc., Orange Tex.). Layers A and B consisted of the same polymer (hereinafter referred to as layer “AB”) and as a result essentially acted as one mono-layer combined with layer C following the extrusion process. The extrusion process was done vertically downward into a nip consisting of a tooling roll (334) and a smooth steel backup roll (338). The extrusion process was configured such that layer AB contacted the tooling roll (334) and layer C contacted the backup roll as shown schematically in
The rpms of the extruders are listed in Table 2, below.
Layers AB were extruded using a polypropylene impact copolymer resin (obtained under the trade designation “DOW C700-35N 35 MFI” from Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Mich.). The basis weight for the combined layers AB (331) was 200 g/m2. Layer C (332) was extruded using low density polyethylene (55 melt flow rate; obtained under the trade designation “DOW 959S” from Dow Chemical Company). The basis weight of layer C (332) was 82 g/m2.
The two rolls comprising the nip were water cooled rolls (334, 338) with a nominal 30.5 cm in diameter and 40.6 cm face widths. Nip force was provided by pneumatic cylinders. The smooth steel backup roll (338) temperature set point of 38° C. The tooling roll (334) had male post features (335) cut into the surface of the roll. The male post features were chrome plated. The male features (defined as posts) (335 ) on the tool surface were flat square topped pyramids with a square base. The top of the posts were 94 micrometers square and the bases were 500 micrometers square. The overall post height was 914 micrometers. The center to center spacing of the posts was 820 micrometers in both the radial and cross roll directions. The tooling roll (334) had a temperature set point of 38° C. The tooling roll (334) and backup rolls (338) were directly driven. The nip force between the two nip rolls was 356 Newton per linear centimeter. The extrudate takeaway line speed was 3.66 m/min.
The polymers for the three layers were extruded from the die (330) directly into the nip (333) between the tooling (334) and backup roll (338). The male features (335) on the tooling roll (334) created indentations (321) in the extrudate. A thin layer of polymer (326) remained between the tooling (334) and backup roll (338). Typically this layer (326) was less than 20 micrometer thick. The extrudate remained on the tooling roll (334) for 180 degrees of wrap to chill and solidify the extrudate into a multi-layer polymeric film. Layer C (332) was then stripped apart from layers AB (331) and disposed of. Layers AB (331) were then wound into roll form.
The multi-layer polymeric film containing indentations was then converted into a perforated film using the following procedure. A flame perforation system as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,037,100 (Strobel et. al.), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, and utilizing the burner design from U.S. Pat. No. 7,635,264 (Strobel et. al.), the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference was used to melt and remove the thin layer (326).
Specific modifications to the equipment and process conditions for this experiment were as follows:
The chill roll (336) was a smooth surface roll without an etched or engraved pattern.
The burner (339) was a 30.5 centimeter (12 inch) six port burner, anti howling design as described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,635,264 (Strobel et. al.), the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference, and was obtained from Flynn Burner Corporation, New Rochelle, N.Y.
Unwind Tension: 178 Newton total tension
Winder Tension: 178 Newton total tension
Burner (339) BTU's 5118 BTU/cm/hour
1% excess oxygen
Gap between burner (339) and the film surface: 12 mm
Line Speed: 40 m/min.
Chill roll (336) cooling water set point: 15.5° C.
The multilayer polymeric film was processed through the apparatus schematically shown in
Foreseeable modifications and alterations of this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of this invention. This invention should not be restricted to the embodiments that are set forth in this application for illustrative purposes.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/777517, filed Mar. 12, 2013, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US14/20295 | 3/4/2014 | WO | 00 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61777517 | Mar 2013 | US |
