Patent Application
20150307543
The present invention relates to a new polymorphic form of the compound diosgenyl α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-D-glucopyranoside and pharmaceutical compositions containing this polymorph.
The compound diosgenyl α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Compound I) is a known natural compound that occurs in trace amounts in a number of rare plant species. The compound shows significant promise as a pharmaceutically active agent for the treatment of a number of medical conditions and clinical development of this compound is underway based on the activity profiles demonstrated by the compound.
In the development of a drug suitable for mass production and ultimately commercial use acceptable levels of drug activity against the target of interest is only one of the important variables that must be considered. For example, in the formulation of pharmaceutical compositions it is imperative that the pharmaceutically active substance be in a form that can be reliably reproduced in a commercial manufacturing process and which is robust enough to withstand the conditions to which the pharmaceutically active substance is exposed.
In a manufacturing sense it is important that during commercial manufacture the manufacturing process of the pharmaceutically active substance be such that the same material is reproduced when the same manufacturing conditions are used. In addition it is desirable that the pharmaceutically active substance exists in a solid form where minor changes to the manufacturing conditions do not lead to major changes in the solid form of the pharmaceutically active substance produced. For example it is important that the manufacturing process produce material having the same crystalline properties on a reliable basis and also produce material having the same level of hydration.
In addition it is important that the pharmaceutically active substance be non-hygroscopic, stable both to degradation and subsequent changes to its solid form. This is important to facilitate the incorporation of the pharmaceutically active substance into pharmaceutical formulations. If the pharmaceutically active substance is hygroscopic (“sticky”) in the sense that it absorbs water (either slowly or over time) it is almost impossible to reliably formulate the pharmaceutically active substance into a drug as the amount of substance to be added to provide the same dosage will vary greatly depending upon the degree of hydration. Furthermore variations in hydration or solid form (“polymorphism”) can lead to changes in physico-chemical properties, such as solubility or dissolution rate, which can in turn lead to inconsistent oral absorption in a patient.
Finally depending upon the form that the compound is administered in the material handling properties of the compound must be taken into consideration. This includes such considerations such as the way in which the compound can flow (if in a powdered form) and how easily the compound is to dissolve in order to produce liquid formulations.
Accordingly, chemical stability, solid state stability, “shelf life” and materials handling properties (such as ease of solubilising the compound) of the pharmaceutically active substance are very important factors. In an ideal situation the pharmaceutically active substance and any compositions containing it, should be capable of being effectively stored over appreciable periods of time, without exhibiting a significant change in the physico-chemical characteristics of the active substance such as its activity, moisture content, solubility characteristics, solid form and the like. Furthermore in an ideal situation the compound should be readily able to be easily dissolved in suitable solvents in order to produce liquid formulations.
With any drug candidate there is a balance between these potentially competing properties. Nevertheless an important property of any drug is its stability and therefore it is desirable that the drug exhibit low hygroscopicity so that it can be reproducibly dosed. In circumstances where a drug is relatively hygroscopic it is found to absorb sufficient water that reproducible dosing and material handling is difficult.
As such it would be desirable to identify polymorphic forms of this compound that provide a better combination of properties in comparison to the known polymorph. As a result of their studies the present applicants have identified a polymorph that has significantly lower hygroscopicity than the known polymorphs while at the same time having a higher bulk density.
The present invention provides a crystalline form of a compound of the formula:
which shows on X-ray diffraction a peak on the 2theta scale at 2.96±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form also shows on X-ray diffraction at least 1 peak on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 17.33°±0.02°, 17.43°±0.02°, 17.60°±0.02°, 19.84°±0.02°, and 20.03°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form shows on X-ray diffraction at least 2 peaks on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 17.33°±0.02°, 17.43°±0.02°, 17.60°±0.02°, 19.84°±0.02°, and 20.03°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form shows on X-ray diffraction at least 3 peaks on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 17.33°±0.02°, 17.43°±0.02°, 17.60°±0.02°, 19.84°±0.02°, and 20.03°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form shows on X-ray diffraction at least 4 peaks on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 17.33°±0.02°, 17.43°±0.02°, 17.60°±0.02°, 19.84°±0.02°, and 20.03°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form shows on X-ray diffraction peaks on the 2theta scale at 17.33°±0.02°, 17.43°±0.02°, 17.60°±0.02°, 19.84°±0.02°, and 20.03°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form shows on X-ray diffraction at least 1 peak on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 5.88°±0.02°, 14.66°±0.02°, 15.57°±0.02°, 15.64°±0.02°, 16.12°±0.02°, 19.06°±0.02°, 21.02°±0.02°, 21.71°±0.02°, 23.55°±0.02°, and 29.53°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form shows on X-ray diffraction at least 4 peaks on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 5.88°±0.02°, 14.66°±0.02°, 15.57°±0.02°, 15.64°±0.02°, 16.12°±0.02°, 19.06°±0.02°, 21.02°±0.02°, 21.71°±0.02°, 23.55°±0.02°, and 29.53°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form shows on X-ray diffraction at least 7 peaks on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 5.88°±0.02°, 14.66°±0.02°, 15.57°±0.02°, 15.64°±0.02°, 16.12°±0.02°, 19.06°±0.02°, 21.02°±0.02°, 21.71°±0.02°, 23.55°±0.02°, and 29.53°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form shows on X-ray diffraction peaks on the 2theta scale at 5.88°±0.02°, 14.66°±0.02°, 15.57°±0.02°, 15.64°±0.02°, 16.12°±0.02°, 19.06°±0.02°, 21.02°±0.02°, 21.71°±0.02°, 23.55°±0.02°, and 29.53°±0.02°.
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the crystalline form as described above.
The applicants of the present application have now identified a polymorphic form of compound I that has acceptable dissolution properties whilst at the same time being the anhydrate form and can be readily handled and can be reproducibly incorporated in a pharmaceutical dosage form. In addition the water sorption profile of this polymorph was significantly lower than either the corresponding hydrate or the known polymorphic form
Initial studies into compound I involved analysis of the material isolated from the natural sources. In most instances these materials were isolated from the natural sources using methanol as an extractant and so the initial polymorphic form known was that isolated from methanol. A DSC of the material isolated from methanol is shown in
Unfortunately analysis of this polymorphic form indicated that it was somewhat hygroscopic in that it absorbed water which meant that it was difficult to handle in a manufacturing sense as in order to produce reproducible dosage levels there is a requirement for consistent levels of water to be present. As this polymorphic form absorbed water it was therefore difficult to formulate consistently.
In the search for new polymorphic forms the applicant reslurried compound I at elevated temperature in isopropanol and identified a polymorphic form that was different to the polymorphic form identified from methanol. A copy of the DSC for this polymorphic form is shown in
In addition overlaying the XRPD of the form isolated from methanol over the form from isopropanol (
Analysis of the XRPD of the polymorphic form of the invention allows the identification of the key X-ray diffraction peaks. A summary of the key peaks is given in table 1.
As can be seen the crystalline form of the polymorph of compound I of the invention
may be characterised as showing on X-ray diffraction a peak on the 2theta scale at 2.96±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form may be further characterised as showing on X-ray diffraction at least 1 peak on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 17.33°±0.02°, 17.43°±0.02°, 17.60°±0.02°, 19.84°±0.02°, and 20.03°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form may be further characterised as showing on X-ray diffraction at least 2 peaks on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 17.33°±0.02°, 17.43°±0.02°, 17.60°±0.02°, 19.84°±0.02°, and 20.03°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form may be further characterised as showing on X-ray diffraction at least 3 peaks on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 17.33°±0.02°, 17.43°±0.02°, 17.60°±0.02°, 19.84°±0.02°, and 20.03°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form may be further characterised as showing on X-ray diffraction at least 4 peaks on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 17.33°±0.02°, 17.43°±0.02°, 17.60°±0.02°, 19.84°±0.02°, and 20.03°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form may be further characterised as showing on X-ray peaks on the 2theta scale at 17.33°±0.02°, 17.43°±0.02°, 17.60°±0.02°, 19.84°±0.02°, and 20.03°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form may be further characterised as showing on X-ray diffraction at least 1 peak on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 5.88°±0.02°, 14.66°±0.02°, 15.57°±0.02°, 15.64°±0.02°, 16.12°±0.02°, 19.06°±0.02°, 21.02°±0.02°, 21.71°±0.02°, 23.55°±0.02°, and 29.53°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form may be further characterised as showing on X-ray diffraction at least 4 peaks on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 5.88°±0.02°, 14.66°±0.02°, 15.57°±0.02°, 15.64°±0.02°, 16.12°±0.02°, 19.06°±0.02°, 21.02°±0.02°, 21.71°±0.02°, 23.55°±0.02°, and 29.53°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form may be further characterised as showing on X-ray diffraction at least 7 peaks on the 2theta scale selected from the group consisting of 5.88°±0.02°, 14.66°±0.02°, 15.57°±0.02°, 15.64°±0.02°, 16.12°±0.02°, 19.06°±0.02°, 21.02°±0.02°, 21.71°±0.02°, 23.55°±0.02°, and 29.53°±0.02°.
In some embodiments the crystalline form may be further characterised as showing on X-ray diffraction peaks on the 2theta scale at 5.88°±0.02°, 14.66°±0.02°, 15.57°±0.02°, 15.64°±0.02°, 16.12°±0.02°, 19.06°±0.02°, 21.02°±0.02°, 21.71°±0.02°, 23.55°±0.02°, and 29.53°±0.02°.
As will be appreciated by a skilled worker in the field the relative intensities of the diffractions can vary depending upon a number of factors such as the method of the sample preparation and the type of instrument used. In addition in certain instances some of the peaks referred to above may not be detectable. Indeed the peaks listed above are merely the significant peaks as identified by the applicant. A complete listing of peaks (albeit small in many instances) is given in table 2.
Once again this is a comprehensive list of peaks identified by the applicant. Based on the relative intensities of many of the peaks a skilled addressee would appreciate that analysis of the same polymorphic form on another instrument by a different researcher may not identify all the minor peaks identified above and the peaks in the table are provided merely as a comprehensive listing. For the purposes of identification it is submitted that the peaks identified in table 1, especially the strong and medium peaks, are more characteristic of the presence of the polymorph of the invention.
The present invention will now be described with reference to the following non-limiting examples.
The hydrated form of compound I (1.00 g) was dried by a twice-repeated strip from methanol:chloroform 2:1. It was then dissolved in refluxing methanol (50 mL) and slowly cooled (over several hours) and then stirred at ambient temperature. The product was collected by filtration and washed with methanol then dried in vacuo.
Compound I (48.0 g, hydrated form) was stirred in 2-propanol (638 mL) for 2 hours and then with stirring heated to 75° C. at 0.5° C./min (over 110 min) and then stirred at 75° C. for 2 hours. The slurry was then cooled to 20° C. at 0.3° C./min (over 183 min) to 20° C. and then stirred at 20° C. for 16 hours under nitrogen. The resulting slurry was filtered (Glass funnel P3) and the filter-cake washed with 2-propanol (200 mL). The product was dried in vacuo for 3 days at ambient temperature to give the polymorphic form of compound 1 of the invention.
DSC data was collected on a Mettler Toledo DSC1 system using standard STARe software. Samples were prepared by manually pressing the material into standard 25 microlitre aluminium pans and running a standard scan regime of 5 degree/min temperature rise with 50 mL/min headspace nitrogen purge gas flow. The instrument was calibrated using indium and tin reference standard melting points. Onset, peak and glass transition temperatures were determined graphically using the Mettler Toledo STARe software. The results of this analysis on the materials produced in examples 1 and 2 is shown in
The sample powders were lightly ground in an agate hand mortar to disaggregate them and then packed in well-type sample holders. Analysis was carried out in a Philips PW1700 series automated powder diffractometer equipped with automatic divergence slit, 0.2 mm receiving slit, no anti-scatter slit, graphite diffracted beam monochromator and xenon-filled proportional counter. Radiation used was the cobalt K alpha envelope (wavelength ˜1.79 Å). Data was recorded from 2 degrees two-theta to 50 degrees two-theta at 0.04 degree intervals, counting for 1 second per point. Lists of peak positions and relative intensities are the result of applying a peak-picking algorithm to background-stripped data; the intensity values are relative to that of the largest peak for each sample and represent peak heights. Relative intensities less than 0.5 parts per thousand have been ignored.
The details of the data collection are:
The results are shown for the material in example 1 and example 2 in
In order to test the solubility of the polymorphs produced in examples 1 and 2 a set amount of the material was added to ethanol with stirring and the % transmission of the mixture thus monitored until the % transmission reached 100% (which indicated complete dissolution). The 3 materials tested were (1) compound I hydrate, (2) the polymorphic form of compound I of the invention and (3) the polymorphic form of compound I isolated from methanol. The results of this experiment were detailed in
A comparative study of the bulk density and the tapped density of the 3 solid forms of compound one were carried out. The 3 materials tested were (1) compound I hydrate, (2) the polymorphic form of compound I of the invention and (3) the polymorphic form of compound I isolated from methanol. The tests indicated the weight of material in 5.0 cm3 of solid (g) to calculate the bulk density. This was then tapped 50 times and the tapped density calculated. The results are shown in Table 3.
As can be seen the polymorphic form of the invention had the highest bulk and tapped density. From a transportation perspective this is particularly attractive as this polymorphic form can be efficiently transported.
A comparative study of the dynamic vapour sorption (DVS) of the 3 solid forms of compound one were carried out. The 3 materials tested were (1) compound I hydrate, (2) the polymorphic form of compound I of the invention and (3) the polymorphic form of compound I isolated from methanol. The samples were analysed on a DVS automated moisture sorption instrument at 25° C. with sample sizes of 25-52 mg for the analysis. The samples were initially dried for 300 minutes under a continuous flow of air to establish the dry mass. The samples were then exposed to the following typical partial pressure profile: 0% to 90% RH in 10% steps and then followed by a 5% step to 95%. The partial pressure was then decreased in a similar manner.
Typical net percent change in mass (based on dry mass) versus time plots for the first cycle at 25° C. for the three samples are shown in
The water vapour sorption isotherm plots for the three samples at 25° C. are shown in
For all the RH steps, the instrument was run in a dm/dt mode (mass variation over time variation). A fixed dm/dt value of 0.002% min-1 was selected. This criterion permits the DVS software to automatically determine when equilibrium has been reached and complete a relative humidity step. When the rate of change of mass falls below this threshold over a determined period of time, the humidity will proceed to the next programmed level. A maximum stage time of 360 minutes and a minimum stage time of 10 minutes were selected for this experiment.
The water vapour sorption results for the samples at 25° C. (
The details of specific embodiments described in this invention are not to be construed as limitations. Various equivalents and modifications may be made without departing from the essence and scope of this invention, and it is understood that such equivalent embodiments are part of this invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012905703 | Dec 2012 | AU | national |
| 2013203998 | Apr 2013 | AU | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2013/000417 | 4/24/2013 | WO | 00 |
