Claims
- 1. A stabilized composition comprising (a) a polyolefin substrate and (b) an effective stabilizing amount of a substituted hindered amine derivative corresponding to the formulae A-P ##STR16## wherein R is hydrogen or methyl,
- R.sub.1 is independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkynyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 bicycloalkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl substituted by alkyl or aryl, or ##STR17## wherein D is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy, phenyl, phenyl substituted by hydroxy, alkyl or alkoxy, or amino or amino mono- or disubstituted by alkyl or phenyl;
- m is 1-4,
- when m is 1,
- R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkenyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.18 aralkyl, glycidyl, a monovalent acyl radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, or of a carbamic acid ##STR18## wherein x is 0 or 1, or ##STR19## wherein y is 2-4; when m is 2,
- R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 alkenylene, xylylene, a divalent acyl radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid or of a dicarbamic acid,
- when m is 3, R.sub.2 is a trivalent acyl radical of an aliphatic, unsaturated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic tricarboxylic acid;
- when m is 4, R.sub.2 is a tetravalent acyl radical of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic tetracarboxylic acid;
- p is 1, 2 or 3,
- R.sub.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkanoyl C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenoyl or benzoyl;
- when p is 1,
- R.sub.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by a cyano, carbonyl or carbamide group, aryl, aralkyl, or it is glycidyl, a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--Z or of the formula --CONH--Z wherein Z is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl; or a group of the formulae ##STR20## or R.sub.3 or R.sub.4 together when p is 1 can be alkylene of 4 to 6 carbon atoms or 2-oxapolyalkylene or the cyclic acyl radical of an aliphatic or aromatic 1,2- or 1,3-dicarboxylic acid,
- when p is 2,
- R.sub.4 is a direct bond or is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene, xylylene, a --CH.sub.2 CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 group, or a group --CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 --O--X--O--CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 -- wherein X is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.15 arylene or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene; or, provided that R.sub.3 is not alkanoyl, alkenoyl or benzoyl, R.sub.4 can also be a divalent acyl radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid or dicarbamic acid, or can be the group --CO--; or
- R.sub.4 is ##STR21## where T.sub.8 and T.sub.9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or T.sub.8 and T.sub.9 together are alkylene of 4 to 6 carbon atoms or 3-oxapentamethylene,
- when p is 3,
- R.sub.4 is 2,4,6-triazinyl,
- n is 1 or 2,
- when n is 1,
- R.sub.5 and R'.sub.5 are independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl, or R.sub.5 is also hydrogen, or R.sub.5 and R'.sub.5 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene or hydroxyalkyIene or C.sub.4 -C.sub.22 acyloxyalkylene;
- when n is 2,
- R.sub.5 and R'.sub.5 together are (--CH.sub.2).sub.2 C(CH.sub.2 --).sub.2 ;
- R.sub.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, allyl, benzyl, glycidyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 a1alkoxyaalky;
- when n is 1,
- R.sub.7 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, glycidyl, a group of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --COO--Q or of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --O--CO--Q wherein t is 1 or 2, and Q is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or phenyl; or
- when n is 2,
- R.sub.7 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene, a group --CH.sub.2 CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 --O--X--CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 -- wherein X is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.15 arylene or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene, or a group --CH.sub.2 CH(OZ')CH.sub.2 --(OCH.sub.2 --CH(OZ')CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- wherein Z'is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, allyl, benzyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkanoyl or benzoyl;
- Q.sub.1 is --N(R.sub.8)-- or --O--;
- E is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylene, the group CH.sub.2 --CH(R.sub.9)--O-- wherein R.sub.9 is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl, the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --NH-- or a direct bond;
- R.sub.10 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl;
- R.sub.8 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl, cyanoethyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, the group --CH.sub.2 --CH(R.sub.9)--OH wherein R.sub.9 has the meaning defined above; a group of the formula ##STR22## or a group of the formula ##STR23## wherein G is C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkylene or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene R.sub.8 is group --E--CO--NH--CH.sub.2 --OR.sub.10 ;
- T.sub.3 is ethylene or 1,2-propylene, or is the repeating structural unit derived from an alpha-olefin copolymer with an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate;
- k is 2 to 100;
- T.sub.4 has the same meaning as R.sub.4 when p is 1 or 2,
- T.sub.5 is methyl,
- T.sub.6 is methyl or ethyl, or T.sub.5 and T.sub.6 together are tetramethylene or pentamethylene;
- M and Y are independently methylene or carbonyl;
- T.sub.7 is the same as R.sub.7 ;
- T.sub.10 and T.sub.11 are independently alkylene of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or T.sub.11 is ##STR24## T.sub.12 is piperazinyl, ##STR25## where R.sub.11 is the same as R.sub.3 or is also ##STR26## a, b and c are independently 2 or 3, and f is 0 or 1, e is 2, 3 or 4; T.sub.13 is the same as R.sub.2 with the proviso that T.sub.13 cannot be hydrogen when n is 1;
- E.sub.1 and E.sub.2, being different, each are --CO-- or --N(E.sub.5)-- wherein E.sub.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or C.sub.4 -C.sub.22 alkoxycarbonylalkyl;
- E.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, naphthyl, said phenyl or said naphthyl substituted by chlorine or by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenylalkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or said phenylalkyl substituted by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
- E.sub.4 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, naphthyl or phenylalkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or
- E.sub.3 and E.sub.4 together are polymethylene of 4 to 17 carbon atoms, or said polymethylene substituted by up to four alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
- R.sub.2 of formula (N) is as previously defined when m is 1;
- G.sub.1 is a direct bond, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, phenylene or --NH--G'--NH wherein G' is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene; and
- E.sub.6 is an aliphatic or aromatic tetravalent radical.
- 2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the compound of component (b) is selected from the group consisting of
- di-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetrametbylpiperidin-4-yl)phthalate,
- di-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)isopbthalate,
- di-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,
- di-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinate,
- di-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate,
- di-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) n-butylmalonate,
- di-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) 2,2-diethylmalonate,poly[6}[(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-imino]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl][2-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-imino]-hexamethylene-[4-(1-acetoxy2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-imino]},
- 1. 4-diacetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1 acetoxy-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, di-(1-propionoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)adipate,
- di-(1-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)oxalate,
- (1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.butylbenzoate,
- 2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.butylbenzyl)-2-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) n-butylmalonate,
- N-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)N-(n-butyl)-4-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.butylbenzoyloxy)-3,5-di-tert.butylbenzamide,
- 1,6-di-(N-acetyl-N-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)]aminohexane,
- di-(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yloxy)hexane-1,6-dicarbamate,
- 1-acetoxy-4-(N-acetyl-N-n-dodecylamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
- di-(1-propionoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinate,
- di-(4-n-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperazin-1-yl)oxalate,
- 1,4-di-(2-ethylhexanoyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
- di-(1-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,
- 1-benzoyloxy-4-(N-n-butyl-N-benzoylamino)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
- 1-(1-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdin-4-yl)azepin-2-one,
- 1-benzoyloxy-1'-benzyloxy-di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)]isophthalate,
- 1,4-di-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
- n-butyl-(1-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)carbonate,
- 1-carbamoyloxy-4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
- di(1 carbamoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin4-yl)sebacate,
- di-(1-n-butylcarbamoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)2,2-diethylmalonate,
- di-(4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)-2,4,4-trimethylhexane-1,6-dicarbamate,
- alpha,alpha'-(di-1-ethoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yloxy)-p-xylene,
- 4-benzyloxy-1-ethoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 1,4-dibenzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
- alpha,alpha'-(di-1-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yloxy)-p-xylene
- di-(1-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate,
- 4-benzoyloxy-1-(alpha-methylbenzyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
- di-[1-(alpha-methylbenzyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl]sebacate,
- 1,4-dimethoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
- 4-benzoyloxy-1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
- di-(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,
- di-(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate,
- (1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-3,5-di-t.butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate,
- 1-cyclohexyloxy-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
- di-(1 methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)isophthalate,
- di-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate,
- di-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)isophthalate,
- di-(1-heptyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacate,
- di-[1-(alpha-methylbenzyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl]terephthalate,
- di-(1-ethoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate,
- di-(1-cumyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate,
- 3,15-di-alpha methylbenzyloxy-2,2,4,4,14,14,16,16-octamethyl-7,11,18,21-tetraoxa-3,15-diazatrispiro[5.2.2.5.2.2]heneicosane,
- 3,15-dicyclohexyloxy-2,2,4,4,14,14,16,16-octamethyl7,11,18,21-tetraoxa-3,15-diazatrispiro[5.2.2.5.2.2]heneicosane,
- di-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate,
- di-[1-(alpha-methylbenzyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl]succinate,
- di-(1 nonyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate,
- di-(1-octadecyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4 -yl)sebacate,
- di-(1-nonyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate,
- di-[1-(1-methylcyclohexyloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl]sebacate,
- di-[1-(3-cyclohexen-1-yloxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl]sebacate,
- di-(1-tert.butoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate,
- di-(1-carbamoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)n-butylmalonate,
- di-[1-(bicyclo-[4.4.0]-decyl-1-oxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl]sebacate,
- di-(1-n-butylcarbamoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)phthalate,
- di-(1-n-butylcarbamoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)n-butylmalonate
- di-(1-phenylcarbamoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate,
- 4-benzoyloxy-1-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
- di-(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) n-butylmalonate, 8-alpha-methylbenzyloxy-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-8-aza1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane
- di-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) n-butylmalonate,
- di-(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,
- di-(1 octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinate,
- bis[N-(1 cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-butylamino]sebacamide,
- bis(1-cyclooctyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,
- N,N',N",N'"tetrakis2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-butylamino]1,3,5-triazin-6-yl}3,3'-ethylenediiminodipropylamine,
- 2. 4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-butylamino]-6-t-octylamino-1,3,5-triazine,
- 2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine,
- N,N'-bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-yl)-N,N'-bis{2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy2,2,6,6'-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)n-butylamino]1,3,5-triazin-6-yl}hexamethylenediamine,
- N,N'-bis{2,4-bis[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-n-butylamino]-1,3,5-triazine6 yl}piperazine,
- N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinimide,
- 2,4,6-tris[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-butylamino]-1,3,5-triazine,
- 2,4,6-tris[N-(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-butylamino]-1,3,5-triazine, and
- N,N',N",N'"-tetrakis{2,4-bis[N-(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-{tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-butylamino]-1,3,5-triazin6-yl}-3,3'-ethylenediiminodipropylamine.
- 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is di-(1-benzyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate.
- 4. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is di-(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate.
- 5. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is (1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-3,5-di-t.butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate.
- 6. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is di-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate.
- 7. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is di-(1-heptyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate.
- 8. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is 3,15-dicyclohexyloxy-2,2,4,4,14,14,16,16-octamethyl7,11,18,21-tetraoxa-3,15-diazatrispiro[5.2.2.5.2.2]heneicosane.
- 9. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is di-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate.
- 10. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is di-(1-octadecyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate.
- 11. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is di-(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate.
- 12. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is di-(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)isophthalate.
- 13. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is di-(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinate.
- 14. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is di-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)isophthalate.
- 15. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is N,N',N",N'"-tetrakis{2,4-bis[N-(1 cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-butylamino]-1,3,5-triazin-6-yl}-3,3'-ethylenediiminodipropylamine.
- 16. The composition of claim 2, wherein said compound is di-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)succinimide.
- 17. The composition according to claim 2, wherein said compound is 2,4,6-tris[N-(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-butylamino]-1,3,5-triazine.
- 18. The composition according to claim 2, wherein said compound is 2,4,6-tris[N-(1-methoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-butylamino]-1,3,5-triazine.
- 19. The composition according to claim 2, wherein said compound is N,N',N",N'"-tetrakis{2,4-bis[N-(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-butylamino]1,3,5-triazin-6yl}-3,3'-ethylenediiminodipropylamine.
- 20. The composition of claim 1, wherein component (a) is a polyolefin which is a homopolymer or copolymer of an alpha-olefin.
- 21. The comopsition of claim 20, wherein the polyolefin is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, poly(butene-1), ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene/propylene copolymer and copolymers of ethylene or of propylene with other alpha-olefins.
- 22. The composition of claim 21, wherein the polyolefin is polypropylene, high density polyethylene, ethylene/propylene copolymer or a copolymer of ethylene or of propylene with another alpha-olefin.
- 23. The composition of claim 1 which additionally contains a phenolic antioxidant.
- 24. The composition of claim 1, which additionally contains a UV absorber selected from the group consisting of benzophenones, benzotriazoles, benzoic acid esters, acrylic acid derivatives, organic nickel compounds and oxanilides.
- 25. The composition of claim 23, which further contains a phosphite or phosphonite.
- 26. The composition of claim 1, which additionally contains a hydroxylamine costabilizer.
- 27. A method for stabilizing a polyolefin against oxidative, thermal and actinic degradation which comprises incorporating into said polyolefin an effective stabilizing amount of component (b) according to claim 1.
- 28. The composition of claim 1, which additionally contains a thiosynergist.
- 29. The composition of claim 20 which is in fiber form.
- 30. The composition of claim 1, which additionally contains a flame retardant.
- 31. The composition of claim 29, which additionally contains a flame retardant.
- 32. The composition of claim 1, which is in contact with or exposed to a halogenated or sulfur-containing-pesticide.
RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 259,946, filed Oct. 19, 1988, now abandoned.
It is well know that polyolefins undergo progressive changes in their physical properties, including color changes, embrittlement and loss of mechanical properties, when exposed to sunlight or other sources of ultraviolet radiation. Retardation of these deleterious effects has been achieved utilizing a broad range of additives exhibiting light-stabilizing properties, such additives including benzophenones, benzotriazoles, substituted benzoic acid esters, nickle complexes, aromatic oxamides and sterically hindered amines.
The latter group of chemicals and their stabilizing activity in a wide variety of substrates are likewise well known and have been described in a broad range of patents and technical literature. In view of the extensive nature of such art, reference is made to U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,426,471, 4,426,472, 4,344,876, 4,590,231 and 4,691,015 for a summary of representative hindered amine light stabilizers. The last cited patent and U.S. Pat. No. 4,740,544, for example, as well as Journal of Polymer Science, Polymer Chemistry Edition, 22, 277-281 (1984) further disclose the presence of such hindered amine stabilizers in polyolefins.
It has now been determined that the polyolefin compositions of this invention exhibit a variety of desirable properties stemming from the presence therein of the indicated N-OR.sub.1 substituted hindered amines. Thus, the compounds serve to protect the polyolefins against the adverse effects of actinic, oxidative and thermal degradation. They provide increased antioxidant activity in polyolefins relative to corresponding NH derivatives. Thus, they serve to substantially reduce color formation and other degradative effects resulting from the processing conditions to which the polyolefins are subjected. They are especially effective in stabilizing polyolefins against the adverse effects of actinic stimuli relative to NH and NR derivatives. They also protect polyolefins against the gas fading that may be experienced upon exposure to the combination products of natural gas.
Of particular interest, the low basicity, chemically resistant substituted hindered amine compounds of the invention are exceptionally effective in fiber formulations wherein processing stability is required due to the stringent fiber extrusion conditions, in flame-retardant-containing polyolefins, in polyolefin applications requiring organosulfur compounds, e.g. thiosynergists, and in polyolefin applications for contact with or exposure to halogenated and/or sulfur containing compounds, e.g. pesticides, bleaching agents, disinfectants, and the like. Thus, it has been recognized that the prior art hindered amine compounds exhibit reduced effectiveness in the presence of organohalogenated flame retardants and thiosynergists, the latter products rendering the hindered amine uncapable of functioning as a photostabilizer.
This performance further allows for the effective use of such stabilized polyolefin in greenhouse film and swimming pool cover and liner applications. Other applications such as in geomembranes, geonets, geotextiles and geogrinds wherein the polyolefin is exposed to chemical wastes, acidic soil conditions, acid rain and landfill run off are likewise now available. The broad range of improved performance is also to be noted in other areas. For example, certain prior hindered amines tend to interact with pigments in pigmented polyolefin systems resulting in loss of pigment color yield and/or stabilizer effectiveness. Inasmuch as the active sites of the instant compounds are sterically blocked and essentially non-basic, interaction with pigments should be substantially reduced. Correspondingly, the catalysts utilized in newer polyolefin polymerization rection have tended to yield more corrosive resin systems. The instant compounds should likewise be expected to perform substantially better than standard hindered amine light stabilizers. Accordingly, these derivatives are seen to provide a broad range of improved performance characteristics relative to the known hindered amine derivatives.
The substituted hindered amine compounds applicable for use in this invention contain a group of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R.sub.1 are as defined hereinafter. Some are known compounds while others are claimed in copending applications Ser. Nos. 259,950 and 259,956 all now abandoned.
More particularly, the instant invention relates to the use of a derivative having one of formulae A to P ##STR2## wherein
R is hydrogen or methyl,
R.sub.1 is independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkynyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 bicycloalkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl substituted by alkyl or aryl, or ##STR3## wherein D is C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy, phenyl, phenyl substituted by hydroxy, alkyl or alkoxy, or amino or amino mono- or disubstituted by alkyl or phenyl;
m is 1-4,
when m is 1,
R.sub.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl optionally interrupted by one or more oxygen atoms, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkenyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.18 aralkyl, glycidyl, a monovalent acyl radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid, or of a carbamic acid, preferably an acyl radical of an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 2-18 C atoms, of a cycloaliphatic carboxylic acid having 5-12 C atoms or of an aromatic carboxylic acid have 7-15 C atoms, or ##STR4## wherein x is 0 or 1, or ##STR5## wherein y is 2-4;
when m is 2,
R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 alkenylene, xylylene, a divalent acyl radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid or of a dicarbamic acid, preferably an acyl radical of an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid having 2-18 C atoms, of a cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid having 8-14 C atoms, or of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarbamic acid having 8-14 C atoms; ##STR6## wherein D.sub.1 and D.sub.2 are independently hydrogen, an alkyl radical containing up to 8 carbon atoms, an aryl or aralkyl radical including 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl radical, D.sub.3 is hydrogen, or an alkyl or alkenyl radical containing up to 18 carbon atoms, and d is 0-20;
when m is 3, R.sub.2 is a trivalent acyl radical of an aliphatic, unsaturated aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic tricarboxylic acid;
when m is 4, R.sub.2 is a tetravalent acyl radical of a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic tetracarboxylic acid including 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4-but-2-enetetracarboxylic acid, and 1,2,3,5- and 1,2,4,5-pentanetetracarboxylic acid;
p is 1, 2 or 3,
R.sub.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkanoyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenoyl or benzoyl;
when p is 1,
R.sub.4 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by a cyano, carbonyl or carbamide group, aryl, aralkyl, or it is glycidyl, a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)13 Z or of the formula --CO--Z or --CONH--Z wherein Z is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl; or a group of the formulae ##STR7## or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together when p is 1 can be alkylene of 4 to 6 carbon atoms or 2-oxo-polyalkylene or the cyclic acyl radical of an aliphatic or aromatic 1,2- or 1,3-dicarboxylic acid,
when p is 2,
R.sub.4 is a direct bond or is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene, xylylene, a --CH.sub.2 CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 group, or a group --CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 --O--X--O--CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 -- wherein X is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.15 arylene or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene; or, provided that R.sub.3 is not alkanoyl, alkenoyl or benzoyl, R.sub.4 can also be a divalent acyl radical of an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic dicarboxylic acid or dicarbamic acid, or can be the group --CO--; or
R.sub.4 is ##STR8## where T.sub.8 and T.sub.9 are independently hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or T.sub.8 and T.sub.9 together are alkylene of 4 to carbon atoms or 3-oxapentamethylene, preferably T.sub.8 and T.sub.9 together are 3-oxapentamethylene;
when p is 3,
R.sub.4 is 2,4,6-triazinyl,
n is 1 or 2,
when n is 1,
R.sub.5 and R'.sub.5 are independently C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl, or R.sub.5 is also hydrogen, or R.sub.5 and R'.sub.5 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene or hydroxyalkylene or C.sub.4 -C.sub.22 acyloxyalkylene;
when n is 2,
R.sub.5 and R'.sub.5 together are (--CH.sub.2).sub.2 C(CH.sub.2 --)2;
R.sub.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, allyl, benzyl, glycidyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkoxyalkyl;
when n is 1,
R.sub.7 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, glycidyl, a group of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --COO--Q or of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.t --O--CO--Q wherein t is 1 or 2, and Q is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or phenyl; or
when n is 2,
R.sub.7 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene, a group --CH.sub.2 CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 --O--X--O--CH.sub.2 --CH(OH)--CH.sub.2 -- wherein X is C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylene, C.sub.6 -C.sub.15 arylene or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene, or a group --CH.sub.2 CH(OZ')CH.sub.2 --(OCH.sub.2 --CH(OZ')CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- wherein Z' is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, allyl, benzyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkanoyl or benzoyl;
Q.sub.1 is --N(R.sub.8)-- or --O--; E is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylene, the group --CH.sub.2 --CH(R.sub.9)--O-- wherein R.sub.9 is hydrogen, methyl or phenyl, the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --NH-- or a direct bond:
R.sub.10 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, R.sub.8 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.12 aralkyl, cyanoethyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, the group --CH.sub.2 --CH(R.sub.9)--OH wherein R.sub.9 has the meaning defined above; a group of the formula ##STR9## or a group of the formula ##STR10## wherein G is C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkylene or C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene; or R.sub.8 is a group --E--CO--NH--CH.sub.2 --OR.sub.10 ;
Formula F denotes a recurring structural unit of a polymer where T.sub.3 is ethylene or 1,2-propylene, or is the repeating structural unit derived from an alpha-olefin copolymer with an alkyl acrylate or methacrylate; preferably a copolymer of ethylene and ethyl acrylate, and where k is 2 to 100;
T.sub.4 has the same meaning as R.sub.4 when p is 1 or 2,
T.sub.5 is methyl,
T.sub.6 is methyl or ethyl, or T.sub.5 and T.sub.6 together are tetramethylene or pentamethylene, preferably T.sub.5 and T.sub.6 are each methyl,
M and Y are independently methylene or carbonyl preferably M is methylene and Y is carbonyl, and T.sub.4 is ethylene where n is 2;
T.sub.7 is the same as R.sub.7, and T.sub.7 is preferably octamethylene where n is 2,
T.sub.10 and T.sub.11 are independently alkylene of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or T.sub.11 is ##STR11## T.sub.12 is piperazinyl, ##STR12## where R.sub.11 is the same as R.sub.3 or is also ##STR13## where a, b and c are independently 2 or 3, and f is 0 or 1, preferably a and c are each 3, b is 2 and f is 1; l
e is 2, 3 or 4, preferably 4;
T.sub.13 is the same as R.sub.2 with the proviso that T.sub.13 cannot be hydrogen when n is 1;
E.sub.1 and E.sub.2, being different, each are --CO-- or --N(E.sub.5)-- where E.sub.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl or C.sub.4 -C.sub.22 alkoxycarbonylalkyl, preferably E.sub.1 is --CO-- and E.sub.2 is --N(E.sub.5)--,
E.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, naphthyl, said phenyl or said naphthyl substituted by chlorine or by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or phenylalkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or said phenylalkyl substituted by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,
E.sub.4 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, phenyl, naphthyl or phenylalkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, or
E.sub.3 and E.sub.4 together are polymethylene of 4 to 17 carbon atoms, or said polymethylene substituted by up to four alkyl groups of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably methyl, and
E.sub.6 is an aliphatic or aromatic tetravalent radical.
In the structures A to P, if any substituents are C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, they are for example methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl tert-butyl, n-hexyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-hexadecyl or n-octadecyl. Typical cycloalkyl groups include cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl; typical cycloalkenyl groups include cyclohexenyl; while typical aralkyl groups include benzyl, alpha-methyl-benzyl, alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl or phenethyl. C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl and cyclohexyl are preferred.
If R.sub.2 is a monovalent acyl radical of a carboxylic acid, it is for example an acyl radical of acetic acid, stearic acid, salicylic acid, benzoic acid or .beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid.
If R.sub.2 is a divalent acyl radical of a dicarboxylic acid, it is for example an acyl radical of oxalic acid, adipic acid, succinic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid dibutylmalonic acid, dibenzylmalonic acid or butyl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-malonic acid, or bicycloheptenedicarboxylic acid, with succinates, sebacates, phthalates and isophthalates being preferred.
If R.sub.2 is a divalent acyl radical of a dicarbamic acid, it is for example an acyl radical of hexamethylenedicarbamic acid or of 2,4-toluylenedicarbamic acid.
The following compounds are examples of polyalkylpiperidine starting materials useful in making the hydroxylamine derivatives of formula A.
As C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, R.sub.3 is particularly phenethyl or above all benzyl.
As C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkanoyl, R.sub.3 for example propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, dodecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, but preferably acetyl; and a C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenoyl, R.sub.3 is in particular acryloyl.
If R.sub.4 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by a cyano, carbonyl or carbamide group, it is for example 1-propenyl, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl, 2-pentenyl, 2-hexenyl, 2-octenyl, 2,2-dicyanovinyl, 1-methyl-2-cyano-2-methoxycarbonyl-vinyl or 2,2-diacetylamin
If any substituents are C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkylene, they are for example ethylene, propylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene or dodecamethylene.
If any substituents are C.sub.6 -C.sub.15 arylene, they are for example o-, m- or p-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene or 4,4'-di-phenylene.
As C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 cycloalkylene, X is especially cyclohexylene.
The following compounds are examples of polyalkylpiperidine starting materials useful in making the hydroxylamine derivatives of formula B.
N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylene-1,6-diamine,
N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylene-1,6-diacetamide,
4-benzylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
N-n-butyl-N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.butyl benzamide,
N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N'-di-butyl-adipamide,
N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N,N'-dicyclohexyl-(2-hydroxypropylene-diamine),
N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-p-xylylenediamine,
4-(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butyl-benzoyl acetamido)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
alpha-cyano-.beta.-methyl-.beta.-[N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl]-amino-acrylic acid methyl ester
1-acetoxy-N-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine
1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-one
If R.sub.5 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene or hydroxyalkylene, it is for example ethylene, 1-methyl-ethylene, propylene, 2-ethylpropylene or 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethylpropylene.
As C.sub.4 -C.sub.22 acyloxyalkylene, R.sub.5 is for example 2-ethyl-2-acetoxymethyl-propylene.
The following compounds are examples for polyalkylpiperidine starting materials useful in making the hydroxylamine derivatives of formula C.
9-aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane,
9-aza-8,8,10,10-tetramethyl-3-ethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane,
2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-4-spiro-2'-(1',3'-dioxane)-5'-spiro-5"-(1",3"-dioxane)-2"-spiro-4"'-(2"',2"'-6 '',6"'-tetramethylpiperidine).
If any substituents are C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkoxyalkyl, they are for example methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, propoxymethyl, tert-butoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl, ethoxypropyl, n-butoxyethyl, tert-butoxyethyl, isopropoxyethyl or propoxypropyl.
If R.sub.7 is C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyl, it is for example 1-propenyl, allyl, methallyl, 2-butenyl or 2-pentenyl.
As C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, R.sub.7 is in particular phenethyl or above all benzyl; and as C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, R.sub.7 is especially cyclohexyl.
If R.sub.7 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 hydroxyalkyl, it is for example 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxybutyl or 4-hydroxybutyl.
As C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, R.sub.7 is in particular phenyl, or alpha- or .beta.-naphthyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.
If R.sub.7 is C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkylene, it is for example ethylene, propylene 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene, hexamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene or dodecamethylene.
If R.sub.7 is C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene, it is for example o-, m- or p-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene or 4,4'-diphenylene.
If Z' is C.sub.2 -C.sub.12 alkanoyl, it is for example propionyl, butyryl, octanoyl, dodecanoyl or preferably acetyl.
The following compounds are examples of polyalkylpiperidine starting materials useful in making hydroxylamine derivatives of formula D.
3-benzyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]-decane-2,4-dione,
3-n-octyl-1,3,8-triaza-7,7,9,9-tetramethylspiro[4.5]-decane-2,4-dione,
3-allyl-1,3,8-triaza-1,7,7,9,9-pentamethylspiro[4.5]-decane-2,4-dione, or the compounds of the following formulae: ##STR14## As C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl, R.sub.8 is in particular cyclohexyl.
As C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 aryl, R.sub.8 is particularly phenyl, or alpha- or .beta.-naphthyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl.
As C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkylene, E is for example methylene, ethylene or propylene.
As C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 alkylene, G is for example ethylene, propylene, 2,2-dimethylpropylene, tetramethylene or hexamethylene; and as C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 arylene, G is o-, m- or p-phenylene, 1,4-naphthylene or 4,4'-diphenylene.
The following compounds are examples of polyalkylpiperidine starting materials useful in making the hydroxylamine derivatives of formula E.
N-hydroxymethyl-N'-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-urea,
N-methoxymethyl-N'-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl urea,
N-methoxymethyl-N'-n-dodecyl-N'-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl-urea, and
O-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-methoxymethylurethane.
When the instant hydroxylamine derivative is of formula F, the following polymeric compounds are examples of starting materials useful in preparing said derivatives. ##STR15##
Additional starting hindered amine derivatives include for formula J:
poly-{[6-[(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-imino]-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl][2-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidyl)-imino]-hexamethylene-4[4-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl]-imino]},
For compounds of formula O, R.sub.3 is preferably C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl and C.sub.5 -C.sub.7 cycloalkyl and more preferably methyl, octyl, dodecyl and cyclohexyl.
For compounds of formula P, the following species are typical of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides suitable for the preparation thereof
2,3,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride
1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride
2,6-dichloronaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride
2,7-dichloronaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride
2,3,6,7-tetrachloronaphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride
The following compounds are examples of hydroxylamines derivatives applicable for use in the invention:
yl) n-butylmalonate
The hydroxylamine derivatives of the instant invention are generally prepared by oxidizing the corresponding hindered amine with an appropriate peroxy compound such as hydrogen peroxide or tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of a metal carbonyl or metal oxide catalyst followed by reduction of the oxyl intermediate formed to the desired N-hydroxy derivative, preferably by catalytic hydrogenation. Thereafter, the N-acyloxy derivatives are prepared by reacting the N-hydroxy hindered amine with the appropriate acid chloride, anhydride, isocyanate or substituted chloroformate. The catalytic hydrogenation can also be conducted in acetic anhydride to prepare the N-acetoxy derivative.
O-alkyl substituted N-hydroxy derivatives can be synthesized by several routes The N-hydroxy derivative can be alkylated with sodium hydride and halogenated hydrocarbons such as benzyl bromide and ethyl iodide. N-methoxy variants can be prepared by thermolysis of a chlorobenzene solution of nitroxyl radical and di-tert-butyl peroxide. The product is formed by a coupling reaction between the nitroxyl radical and methyl radical generated from .beta.-scission of a t-butoxy radical. Other N-alkoxy variants are synthesized by coupling nitroxyl radicals with hydrocarbon radicals generated from thermal decomposition of di-tert-butyl peroxide in the presence of hydrocarbon solvents such as cyclohexane, toluene, and ethylbenzene.
A preferred approach is the preparation of N-alkoxy hindered amines directly from hindered amines. For example, a mixture of 4-benzoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, aqueous t-butyl hydroperoxide, molybdenum oxide, and ethylbenzene gives a 90% yield of N-alpha-methylbenzyloxy HALS.
The oxalates of formula N can be prepared by reacting (1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)stearate, benzoate, and the like, with oxalylchloride, or for G.sub.1 being --NH--G'-NH by reacting the appropriate 1-hydroxy2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine with the appropriate diisocyanate.
The hindered amine precursors are large commercially available or can be prepared by known methods.
The polyolefins of the instant compositions are homopolymers or copolymers of an alpha-olefin.
The saturated polyolefins useful in the instant compositions are the polymers derived from monoolefins, such as polyethylene, which can be crosslinked, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, polybutene-1, poly-3-methylbutene-1 and poly-4-methylpentene-1. Polyethylene may be for example medium density, high density or linear low density polyethylene.
Mixtures of the homopolymers cited above, for example mixtures of polypropylene and polyethylene, polypropylene and polybutene-1-, or polypropylene and polyisobutylene and the like, may also be used.
Copolymers of monolefins may also be used in the instant compositions, for example ethylene/propylene copolymers, propylene-butene-1 copolymers, propylene/octene-1 copolymers, ethylene/butene-1 copolymers, ethylene/octene-1 copolymers as well as ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers.
The instant compositions particularly employ as the polyolefin component polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutylene, poly(butene-1), poly(pentene-1), poly(3-methylbutene-1), poly(4-methylpentene-1) and various ethylene and propylene copolymers.
Especially preferred polyolefin substrates are polypropylene, low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, poly(butene-1), ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene/propylene copolymer and copolymers of ethylene or of propylene with higher alpha olefins.
The most preferred polyolefin substrate polypropylene, high density polyethylene, ethylene/propylene copolymer or a copolymer of ethylene or of propylene with another alpha olefin.
In general, the compounds of the present invention are employed in from about 0.01 to about 5% by weight of the stabilized polyolefin composition, although this will vary with the particular substrate and application. An advantageous range is from about 0.05 to about 2%, and especially 0.1 to about 1%.
The stabilizers of the instant invention may readily be incorporated into the polyolefins by conventional techniques, at any convenient stage prior to the manufacture of shaped articles therefrom. For example, the stabilizer may be mixed with the polymer in dry powder form, or a suspension or emulsion of the stabilizer may be mixed with a solution, suspension, or emulsion of the polymer. The stabilized polymer compositions of the invention may optionally also contain various conventional additives, such as the following.
1.7. Esters of .beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, for example,
1.8. Esters of .beta.-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)- propionic acid with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, for example,______________________________________methanol diethyleneglycoloctadecanol triethyleneglycol1,6-hexanediol pentaerythritolneopentylglycol tris-hydroxyethyl isocyanuratethiodiethyleneglycol di-hydroxyethyl oxalic acid diamide______________________________________
1.9. Amides of .beta.-(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)- propionic acid for example,______________________________________N,N'-di-(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexamethylenediamineN,N'-di-(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-trimethylenediamineN,N'-di-(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hydrazine______________________________________
2.1. 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazoles, for example, the 5'-methyl-, 3',5'-di-tert.butyl-, 5'-tert.butyl-, 5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-, 5-chloro-3',5'-di-tert.-butyl-, 5-chloro-3'-tert.butyl-5'-methyl-, 3'-sec.butyl-5'-tert.butyl-, 4'-octoxy, 3',5'-di-tert.amyl-, 3',5'-bis-(.alpha., .alpha.-dimethylbenzyl)-derivative.
2.2. 2-Hydroxy-benzophenones, for example, the 4-hydroxy-, 4-methoxy-, 4-octoxy, 4-decyloxy-, 4-dodecyloxy-, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy- and 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivative.
2.3. Esters of optionally substituted benzoic acids for example, phenyl salicylate, 4-tert.butyl-phenylsalicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoylresorcinol, bis-(4-tert.-butylbenzoyl)-resorcinol, benzoylresorcinol, 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid 2,4-di-tert.butyl-phenyl ester and 3,5-di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid hexadecyl ester.
2.4. Acrylates, for example, .alpha.-cyano-.beta.,.beta.-diphenylacrylic acid ethyl ester or isooctyl ester, .alpha.-carbomethoxy-cinnamic acid methyl ester, .alpha.-cyano-.beta.-methyl-p-methoxy-cinnamic acid methyl ester or butyl ester, .alpha.-carbomethoxy-p-methoxycinnamic acid methyl ester, N-(.beta.-carbomethoxy-.beta.-cyanovinyl)-2-methyl-indoline.
2.5 Nickel compounds, for example, nickel complexes of 2,2'-thio-bis-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenol], such as the 1:1 or 1:2 complex, optionally with additionally ligands such as n-butylamine, triethanolamine or N-cyclohexyl-di-ethanolamine, nickel dibutyldithiocarbamate, nickel salts of 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert.butylbenzylphosphonic acid monoalkyl esters, such as of the methyl, ethyl or butyl ester, nickel complexes of ketoximes such as of 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-phenyl undecyl ketoxime, nickel complexes of 1-phenyl-4-lauroyl-5-hydroxy-pyrazol, optionally with additional ligands.
2.6. Sterically hindered amines, for example bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-sebacate bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-sebacate n-butyl-3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl malonic acid bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)ester, condensation product of 1-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, condensation product of N,N'-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-hexamethylendiamine and 4-tert.octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-s-triazine, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-nitrilotriacetate, tetrakis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butanetetracarbonic acid, 1,1'(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis-(3,3,
2.7. Oxalic acid diamides, for example, 4,4'-di-octyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-di-octyloxy-5,5'-di-tert.butyl-oxan 2,2'-di-dodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert.butyl-oxanilide, 2-ethoxy2'-ethyl-oxanilide, N,N'-bis (3-dimethylamin oxalamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert.butyl-2'-ethyloxanilide and its mixture with 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert.butyloxanilide and mixtures of ortho- and para-methoxy-as well as of o- and p-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides.
2.8. Hydroxyphenyl-s-triazines, for example 2,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl) -s-triazine; 2,4-bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-s-triazine; 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy ethoxy)phenyl]-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-s-triazine; 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy ethoxy)phenyl]-6-(24-dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine; 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(4-bromophenyl)-s-triazine; 2,4-bis[2-hydroxy-4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-6-(4-chorophenyl)-s -triazine,2,4-bis(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-s-triazine.
3. Metal deactivators, for example, N,N'-diphenyloxalic acid diamide, N-salicylal-N'-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis-salicyloylhydrazine, N,N'-bis-(3,5-di-tert.butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hydrazine, 3-salicyloylamino-1,2,4-triazole, bis-benzylidene-oxalic acid dihydrazide.
4. Phosphites and phosphonites, for example, triphenyl phosphite, diphenylalkyl phosphites, phenyldialkyl phosphites, tri-(nonylphenyl)phosphite, trilauryl phosphite, trioctadecyl phosphite, di-stearyl-pentaerythritol diphosphite, tris-(2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl) phosphite, di-isodecylpentaerythritol diphosphite, di-(2,4-di-tert.-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearylsorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis-(2,4-di-tert.butylphenyl)-4,4'-diphenylylenediphosphonite.
5. Compounds which destroy peroxide, for example, esters o .beta.-thiodipropionic acid, for example the lauryl, stearyl, myristyl or tridecyl esters, mercapto-benzimidazole or the zinc salt of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, zinc-dibutyl-dithiocarbamate, dioctadecyldisulfide, pentaerythritol-tetrakis-(.beta.-dodecylmercapto)-propionate.
6. Polyamide stabilizers, for example copper salts in combination with iodides and/or phosphorus compounds and salts of divalent manganese.
7. Basic co-stabilizers, for example, melamine, polyvinylpyrrolidone, dicyandiamide, triallyl cyanurate, urea derivatives, hydrazine derivatives, amines, polyamides, polyurethanes, alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts of higher fatty acids for example Ca stearate, Zn stearate, Mg stearate, Na ricinoleate and K palmitate, antimony pyrocatecholate or zinc pyrocatecholate.
8. Hydroxylamine co-stabilizers, for example, dibenzyl hydroxylamine, dioctyl hydroxylamine, didodecyl hydroxylamine and dioctadecyl hydroxylamine.
9. Nucleating agents, for example, 4-tert.butyl-benzoic acid, adipic acid, diphenylacetic acid.
10. Fillers and reinforcing agents, for example, calcium carbonate, silicates, glass fibers, asbestos, talc, kaolin, mica, barium sulfate, metal oxides and hydroxides, carbon black, graphite.
11. Other additives, for example, plasticizers, lubricants, emulsifiers, pigments, optical brighteners, flameproofing agents, anti-static agents, blowing agents and thiosynergists such as dilaurylthiodipropionate or distearylthiodipropionate or zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate.
Of particular value in the instant compositions are the benzotriazoles of high molecular weight and low volatility such as 2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-di(alpha,alpha-di-methylbenzyl)-phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-octylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3-alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzyl-5-tert-octyl-phenyl)-2H-benzo-triazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-octyl-5-alpha,alpha-dimethylbenzylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-amylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole, 2-[2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-(2-(omega-hydroxy-octa-(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)-ethylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole, dodecylated 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole and the 5-chloro compounds corresponding to each of the above named benzotriazoles.
Most preferably the benzotriazoles useful in the instant compositions are 2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-di(alpha,alpha-dimethyl-benzyl)phenyl]-2H-benzotriazole and 2-[2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-(2-(omega-hydroxy-octa-(ethyleneoxy)carbonyl)-ethylphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole.
Of further value are blends of the instant hindered amines with the co-stabilizers identified as (7) and (8) as well as the nitrone equivalents of (8) Such combinations are more resistant to color formation than phenolic-based formulations and are thus particularly useful in applications where color development is of particular concern, e.g. polypropylene fibers, polyolefins subjected to gamma irradiations, injection molded systems, and the like correspondingly, the instant hindered amines are particularly effective in polyolefin applications requiring thiosynergists as noted in (11) above.
The applicable flame retardants exhibit a broad range of chemistries. Typical flame retardants include phosphate esters, halogenated phosphate esters, chlorinated hydrocarbons, brominated hydrocarbons, antimony-based compounds, borates, polyols containing phosphorus, other metal-containing systems such as aluminum and molybdenum, and the like.
Representative commercial flame retardants include:
ENDURA products from PPG Industries, KLORO-CHECK and PYROCHECK products from Ferro, ANTIBLAZE products from Albright & Wilson, THERMOLIN products from Olin Corporation, and the like.
Typical pesticides include carbamates such as 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate, dimethyldithiocarbamate, dimethyldithiocarbamate, 2-sec.butyl-phenyl-N-methylcarbamate, benzimidazol carbamates, carbamyl-(1-naphthylN-methylcarbamate), dithio carbaminate, (2-isopropoxyphenyl)-N-methylcarbamate, 4-(dimethylamino)-n-tolyl methylcarbamate, 6-chloro-3,4-xylyl methylcarbamate, zinc dimethyldithio carbamate and 1-naphthyl methylcarbamate; arsenic compounds such as copper chrome arsenate; chlorinated phenols such as tetrachlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, sodium pentachlorophenate; copper compounds such as copper naphthenate; other chlorinated compounds such as 1-chloronaphthalene, N-trichloromethyl-thiophthalimide, tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, tetrachloropyridine4methyl-sulfonate, 2,4-dichloro-6-(o-chloroanilino)-s-triazine, 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, alpha,alpha-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-3-pyridine-methanol and pentachloronitrobenzene; organo mercury compounds such as phenyl mercuric oleate and di(phenyl mercury) dodecenyl succinate; organo tin compounds such as tributyl tin oxide; zinc compounds such as zinc naphthenate; ketones such as 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and 3,3'-ethylene bis [tetrahydro-4,6-dimethyl-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione]; sulfonyl compounds such as 1,2-bis(N-propylsulfonyl)ethane; and iodomethyl p-tolyl sultone azole compounds such as 2-(4-thiazolyl)benzimidazole and (Zn).sub.2 mercapto benzothiazole; and other fungicides. Of particular interest are halogenated and sulfur-containing pesticides.
Reference can be made to the Farm Chemicals Handbook for a more detailed indication of representative pesticides, generally insecticides and fungicides.
The following examples further illustrate the embodiments of the instant invention. All parts given are by weight unless otherwise noted.
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Continuation in Parts (1)
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Number |
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| Parent |
259946 |
Oct 1988 |
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Patent Grant
5096950
