Patent Application
20090131594
The present invention relates to a heterophasic polypropylene composition comprising a selective cross-linkable dispersed phase, a method for the production thereof, and their use in different applications such as moulding applications, films, wires and cables or pipes.
Due to their chemical and thermal resistance as well as mechanical strength polypropylenes are used in different applications such as moulding applications, films, wires and cables or pipes.
It is known that cross-linking of a composition based on polypropylene improves the mechanical strength and chemical heat resistance of the composition. EP 1 354 901 provides a cross-linked heterophasic polypropylene composition with an improved impact strength. The cross-linking reaction is carried out by using an organic peroxide.
However, conventional cross-linking mechanisms for heterophasic polypropylenes based on radical reactions are not selective to any of the components of the polyolefin and result necessarily in a degradative damage of the heterophasic polypropylene components, limiting the final mechanical performance, especially the toughness, of the material.
It is also a well known process to produce cross-linked polyolefins using a vinyl silane onto an olefin homo- or copolymer such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,646,155. Alternatively, the vinyl silane may be copolymerised directly with olefin monomers as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,413,066. However, these methods requires a free-radical generator to initiate the grafting reaction and thus polypropylene is also unsuited to this method of cross-linking.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,455,637 describes a heterophasic polypropylene composition, which is suitable for cross-linking reaction and wherein a silane-groups containing polyolefin is blended with a polypropylene. However, the described cross-linking reaction must be carried out under a humidity of 90 to 100% and at temperature of 85° C. These reaction conditions negatively influence the molecular structure of the polypropylene composition and thus the good mechanical properties of the composition and will accelerate physical and chemical ageing including post-crystallisation. It is well known for these processes to limit the toughness of materials.
Considering the above-mentioned disadvantages, object of the present invention is to provide a cross-linked polypropylene composition having a high impact strength and wherein the cross-linking reaction of the polypropylene composition does not lead to negative side effects, which result in a degradative damage of the polypropylene composition and thus to a loss of the good mechanical properties of the cross-linked heterophasic polypropylene composition.
The present invention is based on the finding that the above object can be achieved if the cross-linking reaction of the heterophasic polypropylene is selective and is carried out after the dispersion of a cross-linkable polyolefin in the polypropylene composition.
Therefore, the present invention provides a cross-linked heterophasic polypropylene composition comprising
The selective cross-linking of the polyolefin phase allows stabilizing of the phase morphology of the heterophasic polypropylene composition without the above mentioned negative side effects. The resulting inventive compositions are additionally characterised by high heat deflection temperatures and improved scratch resistance resulting from the continuous matrix phase as well as reduced shrinkage and improved surface quality resulting from the crosslinked polyolefin phase.
In the present invention propylene homo- or copolymer (A) is preferably used in an amount of 45 to 95 wt %, more preferably of 50 to 90 wt % and most preferably of 55 to 85 wt % based on the total heterophasic polypropylene composition.
The propylene homo- or copolymer (A) may be produced by single- or multistage process polymerisation of propylene or propylene and alpha-olefin and/or ethylene such as bulk polymerisation, gas phase polymerisation, slurry polymerisation, solution polymerisation or combinations thereof using conventional catalysts. A homo- or copolymer can be made either in loop reactors or in a combination of loop and gas phase reactors. Those processes are well known to one skilled in the art.
A suitable catalyst for the polymerisation of the propylene polymer is any stereospecific catalyst for propylene polymerisation which is capable of polymerising and copolymerizing propylene and comonomers at a temperature of 40 to 110° C. and at a pressure from 10 to 100 bar. Ziegler Natta catalysts as well as metallocene catalysts are suitable catalysts.
The polyolefin (B) of the inventive heterophasic polypropylene composition is preferably used in an amount of 5 to 55 wt %, more preferably in an amount of 10 to 50 wt % and most preferably in an amount of 15 to 45 wt %, based on the total heterophasic polypropylene composition.
Furthermore, polyolefin (B) is dispersed in the matrix phase (A) and comprises hydrolysable silane-groups.
The hydrolysable silane-groups can be introduced e.g. by grafting the silane compound into the polyolefin or by copolymerisation of the olefin monomers and silane-groups containing monomers. Such techniques are known e.g. from U.S. Pat. No. 4,413,066, U.S. Pat. No. 4,297,310, U.S. Pat. No. 4,351,876, U.S. Pat. No. 4,397,981, U.S. Pat. No. 4,446,283 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,456,704.
In the case the silane-group containing polyolefin (B) has been obtained by copolymerisation, the copolymerisation is preferably carried out with an unsaturated silane compound represented by the formula
R1SIR2qY3-q (IV)
wherein
R1 is an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbyloxy or (meth)acryloxy hydrocarbyl group,
R2 is an aliphatic saturated hydrocarbyl group,
Y which may be the same or different, is a hydrolysable organic group and
q is 0, 1 or 2.
Special examples of the unsaturated silane compound are those wherein R1 is vinyl, allyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, cyclohexanyl or gamma-(meth)acryloxy propyl; Y is methoxy, ethoxy, formyloxy, acetoxy, propionyloxy or an alkyl-or arylamino group; and R2, if present, is a methyl, ethyl, propyl, decyl or phenyl group.
A preferred unsaturated silane compound is represented by the formula
CH2═CHSi(OA)3
wherein A is a hydrocarbyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, preferably 1-4 carbon atoms.
The most preferred compounds are vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl bismethoxyethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, gamma-(meth)acryl-oxypropyltrimethoxysilane, gamma(meth)acryloxypropyltriethoxysilane, and vinyl triacetoxysilane.
The copolymerisation of the olefin and the unsaturated silane compound may be carried out under any suitable conditions resulting in the copolymerisation of the two monomers.
Moreover, the copolymerisation may be implemented in the presence of one or more other comonomers which can be copolymerised with the two monomers. Such comonomers include (a) vinyl carboxylate esters, such as vinyl acetate and vinyl pivalate, (b) alpha-olefins, such as propene, 1-butene, 1-hexane, 1-octene and 4-methyl-1-pentene, (c) (meth)acrylates, such as methyl(meth)acrylate, ethyl(meth)acrylate and butyl(meth)acrylate, (d) olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid, (e) (meth)acrylic acid derivatives, such as (meth)acrylonitrile and (meth)acrylic amide, (f) vinyl ethers, such as vinyl methyl ether and vinyl phenyl ether, and (g) aromatic vinyl compounds, such as styrene and alpha-ethyl styrene.
Amongst these comonomers, vinyl esters of monocarboxylic acids having 1-4 carbon atoms, such as vinyl acetate, and (meth)acrylate of alcohols having 1-4 carbon atoms, such as methyl(meth)-acrylate, are preferred.
Especially preferred comonomers are butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate and methyl acrylate.
Two or more such olefinically unsaturated compounds may be used in combination. The term “(meth)acrylic acid” is intended to embrace both acrylic acid and methacrylic acid. The comonomer content of the copolymer may amount to 70 wt % of the copolymer, preferably about 0.5 to 35 wt %, most preferably about 1 to 30 wt %.
The grafted polyolefin (B) may be produced e.g. by any of the two methods described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,646,155 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,117,195, respectively.
The silane-groups containing polyolefin (B) according to the invention preferably comprises 0.1 to about 10 wt % of the silane compound, more preferably 0.5 to 7 wt %, most preferably 1.0 to 4 wt % by weight, based on the total polyolefin (B).
The silanol content can be adjusted by blending the grafted or copolymerised polyolefin with a non-modified polyolefin.
If the silane-groups are introduced in the polyolefin (B) by polymerisation, as described above, it is preferred that the silane-group containing polyolefin (B) has a density of 900 to 940 kg/m3, more preferred of 910 to 935 kg/m3, most preferred of 915 to 930 kg/m3.
Furthermore, it is preferred that the silane-grafted polyolefin (B) has a density of 920 to 960 kg/m3, more preferred of 925 to 955 kg/m3, most preferred of 930 to 950 kg/m3.
Moreover, the used polyolefin (B) of the invention preferably is an ethylene homo- or copolymer, as a high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene or their like.
The cross-linking reaction can be carried out by any known silane condensation catalyst. However, it is preferred that the silane condensation catalyst is typically selected from the group comprising Lewis acids, inorganic acids such as sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid, and organic acids such as citric acid, stearic acid, acetic acid, sulphonic acid and alkanoic acids as dodecanoic acid, organic bases, carboxylic acids and organometallic compounds including organic titanates and complexes or carboxylates of lead, cobalt, iron, nickel, zinc and tin or a precursor of any of the compounds mentioned.
Furthermore, it is preferred that the silanol condensation catalyst is preferably presented in an amount of 0.0001 to 6 wt %, more preferably of 0.001 to 2 wt %, and most preferably 0.05 to 1 wt %.
Moreover, the heterophasic polypropylene composition according to the invention may further contain various additives, such as miscible thermoplastics, further stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, colouring agents and foaming agents, which can be added before during or after the blending step (i) to the composition.
In the present invention the compounds (A) and (B) are blended together with the silanol condensation catalyst. It is preferred that the silanol condensation catalyst and compound (A) are preferably added to the silane group containing polyolefin (B) by compounding a master batch, which contains the silanol condensation catalyst and the propylene homo- or copolymer (A) in a polymer matrix in concentrated form, with the silane-group containing polyolefin (B).
Alternately the final composition can also be produced by blending a higher concentration than the final target concentration of (B) together with (A) and the silanol condensation catalyst, the resulting composition being further diluted with (A) to the target concentration of (B).
Furthermore, the blending step of the present invention can be carried out by any suitable method known in the art, but preferably in a twin screw extruder with two high intensity mixing segments and preferably at a temperature of 180 to 230° C., more preferably of 185 to 225° C., and at a throughput of 10 to 15 kg/h and a screw speed of 50 to 70 rpm.
After the compounds are blended, as described above, the melt blend is cooled in a water bath, whereby the residence time preferably is less than 120 seconds, more preferably less than 60 seconds, to solidify the blend before granulation. Alternately the granulation can be carried out directly in the water bath, in which case the residence time of the granules in the water before separation and drying preferably is less than 240 seconds, more preferably less than 120 seconds. Optionally, the resulted compound may be stored at ambient temperature of 5 to 50° C., preferably 10 to 40° C., and normal humidity.
Normal humidity means in this connection a humidity of 40-85% relative.
In the present invention after the granulation of the blend, the selective cross-linking reaction follows at temperature of 5 to 50° C., more preferably of 10 to 40° C. and a humidity below 85%, more preferably below 75%.
The cross-linking degree is determined via the xylene hot insolubles fraction of the heterophasic polypropylene composition, and is more than 30%, more preferably more than 40%, of the total content of the polyolefin (B).
According to the present invention the obtained cross-linked heterophasic polypropylene composition preferably has a Charpy notched impact strength, according to ISO 179 leA, at +23° C. of at least 8.0 kJ/m2, more preferably of at least 18 kJ/m2 and at −20° C. of at least 1.5 kJ/m2, more preferably of at least at least 2.5 kJ/m2.
As demonstrated in
The cross-linked heterophasic polypropylene composition can be used in different applications, like moulding applications, films, wires and cables or pipes.
The melt flow rate (MFR) is determined according to ISO 1133 and is indicated in g/10 min. The MFR is an indication of the flowability, and hence the processability, of the polymer. The higher the melt flow rate, the lower the viscosity of the polymer. The MFR2 of polypropylene is determined at a temperature of 230° C. and a load of 2.16 kg, the MFR5 of polyethylene is measured at a temperature 190° C. and a load of 5 kg and the MFR2 of polyethylene at a temperature 190° C. and a load of 2.16 kg.
The content of xylene hot insolubles is determined by extracting 1 g of finely cut polymer sample with 500 ml xylene in a Soxleth extractor for 48 hours at the boiling temperature. The remaining solid amount is dried at 90° C. and weighed for determining the insolubles amount.
The impact strength is determined as Charpy Impact Strength according to ISO 179 1 eA at +23° C. and at −20° C. on injection moulded specimens of 80×10×4 mm3.
The heat distortion temperature is determined according to ISO 75 on injection moulded specimens of 80×10×4 mm3.
Tensile tests are performed according to ISO 527-3 using injection moulded specimen as described in EN ISO 1873-2 (dog bone shape, 4 mm thickness).
Tensile modulus (E-modulus) was also determined according to ISO 527-3 and calculated from the linear part of the tensile test results.
The flexural modulus is measured according ISO 178.
The density is measured according to ISO 1183.
The components—propylene homo- or copolymer, polyethyelene-vinyl-silane-copolymer or grafting product and the catalyst master batch (Borealis polyethylene CAT-MB50 with dibutyltin dilaurate as catalytically active substance), were combined in a twin screw extruder (PRISM TSE24, L/D ratio 40) with two high intensity mixing segments at temperatures between 190 and 220° C. at a through put off of 10 km/h and a cruse speed of 50 rpm. The material was extruded to two circular dies of 3 mm diameter into water base with a residence time of at least 30 sec for solidifying the melt standard, which was consequently granulated. For the period until melt processing, the resulting compound was stored at an ambient temperature of +23±2° C. and normal humidity (50±5%).
All used polymers are commercially available by Borealis Technology Oy:
95 wt % RA130E as matrix phase, 4.75 wt % ME2510 as silane-grafted polyethylene and 0.25 wt % catalyst master batch CAT-MB50 are used.
90 wt % RA130 E as matrix phase, 9.5 wt % ME2510 as silane-grafted polyethylene and 0.5 wt % catalyst master batch CAT-MB50 are used.
75 wt % RA130 E as matrix phase, 23.75 wt % ME2510 as silane-grafted polyethylene and 1.25 wt % catalyst master batch CAT-MB50 are used.
70 wt % RA130 E as matrix phase, 28.5 wt % ME2510 as silane-grafted polyethylene and 1.5 wt % catalyst master batch CAT-MB50 are used.
70 wt % RA130 E as matrix phase, 28.5 wt % HE2515 as silane-grafted polyethylene and 1.5 wt % catalyst master batch CAT-MB50 are used.
75 wt % BA110CF as matrix phase, 23.5 wt % HE2515 as silane-grafted polyethylene and 1.25 wt % catalyst master batch CAT-MB50 are used.
90 wt % RD208CF as matrix phase, 9.5 wt % LE4481 as silane-copolymerised polyethylene 0.5 wt % catalyst master batch CAT-MB50 are used.
75 wt % RD208CF as matrix phase, 23.75 wt % LE4481 as silane-copolymerised polyethylene and 1.25 wt % catalyst master batch CAT-MB50 are used.
50 wt % RD208CF as matrix phase, 47.5 wt % LE4481 as silane-copolymerised polyethylene and 2.5 wt % catalyst master batch CAT-MB50 are used.
75 wt % RA130E as matrix phase, 23.75 wt % LE4481 as silane-copolymerised polyethylene and 1.25 wt % catalyst master batch CAT-MB50 are used.
Only RA130E is used.
75 wt % RA130E as matrix phase and 25 wt % of the high density polyethylene MG7547 are used.
70 wt % RA130E, as matrix phase and 30 wt % MG7547, a high density polyethylene, are used.
70 wt % RA130E as matrix phase and 30 wt % RM7402, a medium density polyethylene, are used.
Only BA110CF is used.
75 wt % BA110CF as matrix phase and 25 wt % MG7547, a high density polyethylene, are used.
Only RD208CF is used.
75 wt % RD208CF as matrix phase and 25 wt % FT7239, a low density polyethylene, are used.
Only RA130E is used.
75 wt % RA130E as matrix phase and 25 wt % FT7239, a low density polyethylene, are used.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06005311.3 | Mar 2006 | EP | regional |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP07/01976 | 3/7/2007 | WO | 00 | 9/15/2008 |
