Patent Application
20120204940
The present invention relates to a polyvinyl acetal laminate and use thereof.
Polyvinyl acetal represented by polyvinyl butyral has excellent adhesiveness and compatibility with various organic and inorganic substrates and excellent solubility in an organic solvent. As such, it is widely used as various adhesives, and a binder for ceramics, various ink, paint, or the like, or an intermediate film of a safety glass.
Of the uses described above, for the purpose of obtaining high sound insulation property when used as an intermediate film of a laminated glass, studies are made regarding an intermediate film of a sound proof glass wherein a plasticized polyvinyl acetal sheet and a styrene-diene block copolymer sheet having an excellent sound insulation property are laminated (refer to Patent Documents 1 to 3) or a highly sound proof front board of a pachinko machine wherein such laminated glass is used (refer to Patent Document 4). However, according to a laminate of a plasticized polyvinyl acetal and a styrene-diene block copolymer, the adhesion between the plasticized polyvinyl acetal and the styrene-diene block copolymer is very poor and at their interface peeling is easily caused by moisture, external force, or a stress due to difference in heat expansion ratio between the plasticized polyvinyl acetal and the styrene-diene block copolymer. As a result, there have been problems like deterioration in function of a laminated glass or inferior appearance.
The present invention is devised to solve the problems described above and object of the invention is to provide a laminate of a layer that contains a polyvinyl acetal and a layer that contains a polyolefin (hydrocarbon polymer), which exhibits excellent adhesion between the layers, wherein it is used as an intermediate film of a laminated glass and for other applications.
Above mentioned object is accomplished by a laminate obtained by laminating a layer A that comprises a composition A containing a polyvinyl acetal and a layer B that comprises a composition B containing a polyolefin and/or an adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer, wherein a mass ratio of (the polyolefin)/(the adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer) is 0/100 to 99.95/0.05.
Above mentioned object is accomplished by a laminate obtained by laminating a layer A that comprises a composition A containing a polyvinyl acetal and a layer B that comprises a composition B containing a polyolefin and/or an adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer having an organometallic functional group that comprises boron and/or silicon (herein below, this is referred to as an “organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer”), wherein a mass ratio of (the polyolefin)/(the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer) is 0/100 to 99.95/0.05, and the laminate obtained by laminating a the layer A and layer C that comprises a composition C containing a polyolefin via the layer B.
Above mentioned object is accomplished by a laminate obtained by laminating a layer A that comprises a composition A containing a polyvinyl acetal and a layer B that comprises a composition B containing a polyolefin and/or an adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer having at least one reactive functional group that is selected from a carboxyl group, a derivative group of a carboxyl group, and an epoxy group (herein below, this is referred to as a “reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer”), wherein a mass ratio of (the polyolefin)/(the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer) is 0/100 to 99.9/0.1, and the laminate obtained by laminating the layer A and a layer C that comprises a composition C containing a polyolefin via the layer B.
In the laminate of the invention, the composition B contains, as an essential component, an adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer. Preferred examples of the adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer include, although not specifically limited, an organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer or a functional group-containing olefinic polymer
When an organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer is used in the invention, silicon or boron contained in the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer may react with the hydroxy group contained in the polyvinyl acetal to form a covalent bond, or may form a strong hydrogen bond with the hydroxy group contained in the polyvinyl acetal. Further, as the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer mostly consists of a polymer of a hydrocarbon monomer, it can be adhered or used together with polyolefin which has relatively similar molecular polarity. Accordingly, a laminate which is obtained by laminating a layer A that comprises a composition A and a layer B that comprises a composition B or a laminate which is obtained by laminating a layer A and a layer C that comprises a composition C via a layer B that comprises a composition B has excellent interlayer adhesion between the layer A and the layer B or the layer A and layer C, and the laminates are particularly preferably used as an intermediate film of a laminated glass.
Further, when a reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer is used in the invention, at least one group selected from a carboxyl group, a derivative of carboxyl group and an epoxy group in the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer may react with the hydroxy group contained in polyvinyl acetal to form a covalent bond. Further, since the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer mostly consists of a polymer of a polyolefinic monomer, it can be adhered or used together with polyolefin which has relatively similar molecular polarity. Accordingly, a laminate which is obtained by laminating a layer A that comprises a composition A and a layer B that comprises a composition B or a laminate which is obtained by laminating a layer A and a layer C that comprises a composition C via a layer B that comprises a composition B has excellent interlayer adhesion between the layer A and the layer B or the layer A and layer C, and the laminates are particularly preferably used as an intermediate film of a laminated glass.
First, the composition B used in the invention is explained herein below. The composition B used in the invention is not specifically limited if it comprises a polyolefin and an adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer wherein a mass ratio of (the polyolefin)/(the adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer) is 0/100 to 99.95/0.05. In the composition B of the invention, polyolefin is not an essential component. Specifically, (the polyolefin)/(the adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer)=0/100 means that the composition B does not contain any polyolefin. Preferred examples of the adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer include, although not specifically limited, include an organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer and a reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer.
When the adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the composition B of the invention is an organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer, the polyolefin and the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer are not specifically limited as long as a mass ratio of (the polyolefin)/(the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer) is 0/100 to 99.95/0.05 in the composition B. It is more preferable that the mass ratio of (the polyolefin)/(the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer) is 0/100 to 99.9/0.1. It is still more preferable that the mass ratio is 50/50 to 99.5/0.5. When the content of the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer in the composition B is less than 0.05 in terms of mass compared to the total mass of the polyolefin and the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer, the interlayer adhesion is deteriorated, and therefore undesirable.
The total mass of the polyolefin and the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer contained in the composition B is not specifically limited as long as it is not against the main spirit of the invention. Compared to the mass of the composition B, it is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and most preferably 90% by mass or more. When the total content of the polyolefin and the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer is less than 30% by mass compared to the mass of the composition B, the interlayer adhesion is deteriorated or low water absorption property or various dynamic properties inherent to the polyolefin or the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer, and properties like sound proof property of a block copolymer described below tend to be lowered.
When the adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the composition B of the invention is a reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer, the polyolefin and the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer are not specifically limited as long as a mass ratio of (the polyolefin)/(the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer) is 0/100 to 99.95/0.05 in the composition B. It is more preferable that the mass ratio of (the polyolefin)/(the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer) is 0/100 to 99.9/0.1. It is still more preferable that the mass ratio is 50/50 to 99.5/0.5. When the content of the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer in the composition B is less than 0.05 in terms of mass compared to the total mass of the polyolefin and the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer, the interlayer adhesion is deteriorated, and therefore undesirable.
The total mass of the polyolefin and the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer contained in the composition B is not specifically limited as long as it is not against the main spirit of the invention. Compared to the mass of the composition B, it is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, and most preferably 90% by mass or more. When the total content of the polyolefin and the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer is less than 30% by mass compared to the mass of the composition B, the interlayer adhesion is deteriorated or low water absorption property or various dynamic properties inherent to the polyolefin or the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer, and properties like sound proof property of a block copolymer described below tend to be lowered.
Next, the polyolefin used in the composition B or composition C of the invention is explained. The polyolefin used in the invention is not specifically limited, if it is a polymer which contains a hydrocarbon component as a main component, and it can be appropriately selected depending on specific purpose. However, a polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof are preferable in that they have excellent interlayer adhesion and various excellent dynamic properties and also they can be easily obtained. As used herein, a polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof are a polymer or a hydrogenated molecule thereof in which the total mass ratio of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms is 80% by mass or more, preferably 95% by mass or more, and most preferably 98% by mass or more compared to whole monomers contained in the polymer. When the total mass ratio of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms is less than 80% by mass compared to whole monomers contained in the polymer, the low water absorption property or various dynamic properties inherent to the polyolefin and properties like sound proof property of a block copolymer described below tend to be lowered.
Specific examples of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms include an aliphatic monoene compound like ethylene, propylene, butylene, 2-butylene, isobutylene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octane, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecane, cyclohexene, and cyclooctene, an aliphatic conjugated polyene compound like butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-hexadiene, 1,3-octadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene, 1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, and 1,3-cyclooctadiene, and an aliphatic non-conjugated polyene compound like 1,4-pentadiene, 1,5-hexadiene, and 1,5-cyclooctadiene. Further, specific example of the aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms include an aromatic monoene compound like styrene, α-methylstyrene, β-methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, 3-methylstyrene, 4-methylstyrene, 4-ethylstyrene, 4-butylstyrene, 4-tert-butylstyrene, (1-naphthyl)ethylene, and (2-naphthyl)ethylene, an aromatic conjugated polyene compound like 1-phenylbutadiene and 2-phenylbutadiene, and an aromatic non-conjugated polyene compound like 1-phenyl-1,4-pentadiene and 1-phenyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene, but not limited thereto.
From the viewpoint of being admixed with the adhesive functional group-containing olefinic polymer, the polyolefin used in the composition B contains only the compounds exemplified above as a monomer unit. On the other hand, the polyolefin used in the composition C may be copolymerized with, in addition to the compounds exemplified above, the following compounds within the range that the effect of the invention is not impaired: for example, acrylic acid and a salt thereof; acrylic esters like methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, i-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, i-butyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate, dodecyl acrylate, and octadecyl acrylate; methacrylic acid and a salt thereof, methacrylate esters like methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, i-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, i-butyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, dodecyl methacrylate, and octadecyl methacrylate; acrylamide and acrylamide derivative like N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylacrylamide, N,N-dimethylacrylamide, diacetone acrylamide, acrylamide propane sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, and N-methylol acrylamide and a derivative thereof; methacrylamide and methacrylamide derivative like N-methylmethacrylamide, N-ethylmethacrylamide, methacrylamide propane sulfonic acid and a salt thereof, and N-methylol methacrylamide or a derivative thereof; vinyl ethers like methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, i-propyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, i-butyl vinyl ether, t-butyl vinyl ether, dodecyl vinyl ether, and stearyl vinyl ether; nitriles like acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile; vinyl halides like vinyl chloride and vinyl fluoride; vinylidene halide like vinylidene chloride and vinylidene fluoride; an allyl compound like allyl acetate and allyl chloride; maleic acid, a salt thereof, an ester thereof, or an anhydride thereof, and: isopropenyl acetate.
Specific examples of the polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, or a hydrogenated molecule include high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, ultra low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, hydrogenated polybutadiene, hydrogenated polyisoprene, and also a block copolymer like a styrene-butadiene block copolymer, a styrene-isoprene block copolymer, and a hydrogenated molecule thereof. Further, their polymerization method is not specifically limited, and a polymer obtained by a conventional polymerization method can be used, for example. When the laminate of the invention is used as an intermediate film of a sound proof laminated glass, a block copolymer of a block (X) consisting of a polymer of an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and a block (Y) consisting of a polymer of an aliphatic conjugated polymer compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and a hydrogenated molecule thereof (herein below, they are collectively referred to as a “block copolymer”) like styrene-butadiene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene block copolymer, styrene-butadiene-isoprene copolymer, and a hydrogenated molecule thereof are preferably used as they have an excellent vibration damping property and sound proof property. Herein below, they are explained in greater detail.
The block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited if it has a block (X) part and a block (Y) part. For example, a block copolymer like [(X)-(Y)]k and [(X)-(Y)]m-(X), (Y)-[(X)-(Y)]n can be used, wherein k, m, and n are any natural number. Among them, a block copolymer having two or more block (X) and one or more block (Y) is preferable. A triblock copolymer consisting of (X)-(Y)-(X) is particularly preferable. Further, when the block copolymer used in the invention contains two or more block (X) or two or more block (Y), each block (X) and block (Y) may be the same or different from each other.
Content of the block (X) and block (Y) in the block copolymer is not specifically limited if it is not against the purpose of the invention. However, from the viewpoint of vibration damping property and sound proof property, content of the block (X) is preferably 5 to 95% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 70% by mass compared to the total mass of the block copolymer. When the content of the block (X) is within the range, the vibration damping property and sound proof property inherent to the block copolymer are exhibited, and therefore desirable.
The weight average molecular weight of the block (X) and block (Y) in the block copolymer is not specifically limited. However, the weight average molecular weight per single block (X) is preferably 2,500 to 75,000, and the weight average molecular weight per single block (Y) is preferably 1,000 to 100,000. Further, the weight average molecular weight of the block copolymer is preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably 15,000 to 200,000. When the weight average molecular weight of the block (X) and block (Y) is too small, performance of the block copolymer may not be exhibited. Further, when the weight average molecular weight of the block copolymer is too small, dynamic strength may be lowered too much when it is prepared as a laminate. On the other hand, when the weight average molecular weight of the block copolymer is too big, handlability is impaired at the time of molding. Glass transition temperature, melting point or the like of the block copolymer may be appropriately selected depending on purpose.
Glass transition temperature of the block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, it is preferably −50 to 50° C., more preferably −45 to 30° C., and still more preferably −40 to 20° C. When the glass transition temperature of the block copolymer satisfies the above condition, favorable dynamic physical properties and various favorable properties are obtained for the laminate of the invention.
The tan θ peak temperature of the block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, it is preferably −40 to 30° C., more preferably −35 to 25° C., and still more preferably −30 to 20° C.
The dynamic strength of the block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, when described as tensile break strength as an indicator, it is preferably 0.1 MPa or more, more preferably 0.5 MPa or more, and still more preferably 1.0 MPa or more.
The MFR value of the block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, when measured according to ASTM D1238 with a load of 2.16 kg and temperature of 190° C., MRF value is preferably 0.1 to 100 g/10 min, more preferably 0.1 to 70 g/10 min, and still more preferably 0.1 to 50 g/10 min.
Block (Y) part of the block copolymer used in the invention may be either hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated. However, from the viewpoint of weatherability, it is preferably hydrogenated. The hydrogenation ratio is preferably 50 mol % or more, more preferably 80 mol % or more, and still more preferably 95 mol % or more.
The block copolymer described above may be produced by a conventionally known method. However, it may be also produced by a method in which an organolithium reagent is used as an initiator and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and an aliphatic conjugated polyene compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms are added in order to react with each other, for example, but the production method is not limited thereto.
Next, the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention is explained. The organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention is not specifically limited if it is an olefinic polymer containing a hydrocarbon component as a main component and at least one element selected from a boron and a silicon (herein below, referred to as an organometallic functional group). A polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon, which has an organometallic functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof is preferable in that interlayer adhesion and various dynamic properties are excellent and the corresponding polymers can be easily obtained. Herein, the polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon, which has an organometallic functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof means a polymer having an organometallic functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, wherein the total content ratio of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms compared to the whole monomers contained in the polymer is 30% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, and most preferably 90% by mass or more, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof. When the total content ratio of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms compared to the whole monomers contained in the polymer is less than 30% by mass, the low water absorption property or various dynamic properties inherent to the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer, and properties like sound proof property of a block copolymer described below tend to be lowered.
Specific examples of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms include those exemplified above as a specific example of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms for constituting the polyolefin. Further, the polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon, which has an organometallic functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof means the polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon that are the same as those exemplified above, which has an organometallic functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof.
When the laminate of the invention is particularly used as an intermediate film of a sound proof laminated glass, a block copolymer of a block (X′) consisting of a polymer of an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and a block (Y′) consisting of a polymer of an aliphatic conjugated polymer compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and a hydrogenated molecule thereof like styrene-butadiene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene block copolymer, styrene-butadiene-isoprene copolymer, and a hydrogenated molecule thereof, which has an organometallic functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof (herein below, they are collectively referred to as an “organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer”) are preferably used as they have an excellent vibration damping property and sound proof property, and also show excellent compatibility and adhesion when the block copolymer is used as a polyolefin of the laminate of the invention. Herein, the block (X′) and/or block (Y′) may contain an organometallic functional group-containing part in the block.
The organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited if it has a block (X′) part and a block (Y′) part. For example, a block copolymer like [(X′)-(Y′)]k′ and [(X′)-(Y′)]m′-(X′), (Y′)-[(X′)-(Y′)]n′ can be used, wherein k′, m′, and n′ are any natural number. Among them, a block copolymer having two or more block (X′) and one or more block (Y′) is preferable. A triblock copolymer consisting of (X′)-(Y′)-(X′) is particularly preferable. Further, when the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention contains two or more block (X′) or two or more block (Y′), each block (X′) and block (Y′) may be the same or different from each other.
Content of the block (X′) and block (Y′) in the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer is not specifically limited if it is not against the purpose of the invention. However, content of the block (X′) is preferably 5 to 95% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 70% by mass compared to the total mass of the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer. When the content of the block (X′) is within the range, the vibration damping property and sound proof property inherent to the block copolymer are exhibited.
The number average molecular weight of the block (X′) and block (Y′) in the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer is not specifically limited. However, the number average molecular weight per single block (X′) is preferably 2,500 to 75,000, and the number average molecular weight per single block (Y′) is preferably 1,000 to 100,000. Further, the number average molecular weight of the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer is preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably 15,000 to 200,000. When the weight average molecular weight of the block (X′) and block (Y′) is too small, performance of the block copolymer may not be exhibited. Further, when the weight average molecular weight of the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer is too small, dynamic strength may be lowered too much when it is prepared as a laminate. On the other hand, when the weight average molecular weight of the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer is too big, handlability is impaired at the time of molding. Glass transition temperature, melting point or the like of the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer may be appropriately selected depending on purpose.
Glass transition temperature of the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, it is preferably −100 to 50° C., more preferably −50 to 30° C., and still more preferably −40 to 20° C. When the glass transition temperature of the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer satisfies the above condition, favorable dynamic physical properties and various favorable properties are obtained for the laminate of the invention.
The tan δ peak temperature of the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, it is preferably −40 to 30° C., more preferably −35 to 25° C., and still more preferably −30 to 20° C.
The dynamic strength of the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, when described as tensile break strength as an indicator, it is preferably 0.1 MPa or more, more preferably 0.5 MPa or more, and still more preferably 1.0 MPa or more.
The MFR value of the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, when measured according to ASTM D1238 with a load of 2.16 kg and temperature of 190° C., MRF value is preferably 0.1 to 100 g/10 min, more preferably 0.1 to 70 g/10 min, and still more preferably 0.1 to 50 g/10 min.
Block (Y′) part of the organometallic functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention may be either hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated. However, from the viewpoint of weatherability, it is preferably hydrogenated. The hydrogenation ratio is preferably 50 mol % or more, more preferably 80 mol % or more, and still more preferably 90 mol % or more.
The organometallic functional group contained in the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention is not specifically limited. However, preferred examples of the polymer include an olefinic polymer wherein the organometallic functional group is at least one group selected from a boronic acid group, a boronic acid derivative group, a borinic acid, and a borinic acid derivative group (a boron functional group) (i.e., a boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer) or an olefinic polymer having at least one of an alkoxysilyl group and an alkoxysilyl derivative group (a silicon functional group) (i.e., a silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer), as favorable interlayer adhesion can be obtained therewith. Specifically, the boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer is preferable in that it has excellent handlability as it causes no or almost no polymerization by itself and the silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer is preferable in that raw materials thereof can be relatively easily obtained. Herein below, they are explained in order.
First, the boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer is explained. The boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention is not specifically limited if it is an olefinic polymer containing at least one group (a boron functional group) selected from a boronic acid group, a boronic acid derivative group, a borinic acid, and a borinic acid derivative group. As used herein, the boronic acid group indicates a group having a structure represented by the formula (1):
Further, the boronic acid derivative group means a functional group capable of converting into a boronic acid group by hydrolysis and it specifically indicates a boronic acid ester group represented by the formula (2):
(wherein, R1 and R2 represent a group selected from a hydrogen atom and a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (e.g., an aliphatic hydrocarbon group (a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group or the like), an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or the like), and an aromatic hydrocarbon group (a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or the like)), R1 and R2 may be the same or different from each other, at least one of R1 and R2 is not a hydrogen atom, and R3 is a divalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms), a boronic anhydride group represented by the formula (3):
and a boronic acid salt group represented by the formula (4):
(wherein, R4, R5 and R6 represent a group selected from a hydrogen atom and a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (e.g., an aliphatic hydrocarbon group (a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group or the like), an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or the like), and an aromatic hydrocarbon group (a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or the like)), R4, R5 and R6 may be the same or different from each other, and M+ is a monovalent cation). Further, the borinic acid in the invention indicates a group having the structure represented by the formula (5) except the boronic acid group:
The borinic acid derivative group means a functional group capable of converting into a borinic acid group by hydrolysis and it specifically indicates a borinic acid ester group represented by the formula (6):
(wherein, R7 represents a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (e.g., an aliphatic hydrocarbon group (a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group or the like), an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or the like), and an aromatic hydrocarbon group (a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or the like)), a borinic anhydride group represented by the formula (7):
and the borinic acid salt group represented by the formula (8):
(wherein, R8 and R9 represent a group selected from a hydrogen atom and a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (e.g., an aliphatic hydrocarbon group (a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group or the like), an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or the like), and an aromatic hydrocarbon group (a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or the like)), R8 and R9 may be the same or different from each other, and M+ is a monovalent cation). Specific examples of the boronic acid derivative represented by the formula (2), (3), or (4) include a boronic acid ester group like a boronic acid dimethyl ester group, a boronic acid diethyl ester group, a boronic acid dipropyl ester group, a boronic acid diisopropyl ester group, a boronic acid dibutyl ester group, a boronic acid dihexyl ester group, a boronic acid dicyclohexyl group, a boronic acid ethylene glycol ester group, a boronic acid propylene glycol ester group (boronic acid 1,2-propane diol ester group, a boronic acid 1,3-propane diol ester group), boronic acid (1,3-butane diol) ester group, a boronic acid trimethylene glycol ester group, a boronic acid neopentyl glycol ester group, a boronic acid catechol ester group, a boronic acid glycerin ester group, and a boronic acid trimethylol ethane ester group; a boronic acid anhydride group, an alkali metal salt of boronic acid, and an alkali earth metal salt of boronic acid. Specific examples of the borinic acid derivative represented by the formula (6), (7), or (8) include a methyl borinic acid group, a methyl borinic acid methyl ester group, an ethyl borinic acid methyl ester group, a methyl borinic acid ethyl ester group, a butyl borinic acid methyl ester group, and a 3-methyl-2-butyl borinic acid methyl ester group. Of these, the boronic acid group, boronic acid (1,3-butane diol) ester group, and boronic acid (propylene glycol) ester group are preferable from the viewpoint of interlayer adhesion of a laminate to be obtained.
Specific examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms as R1, R2, R4 to R9 in the formula (2), the formula (4), the formula (6) and the formula (8) include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a 2-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a phenyl group, a 2-methylphenyl group, a 3-methylphenyl group, a 4-methylphenyl group, a 4-ethylphenyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, a 3-naphthyl group, a benzyl group, a 2-methoxyethyl group, a 2-ethoxyethyl group, a 2-butoxyethyl group, a 2-ethoxybutyl group, a 4-ethoxybutyl group, a chloromethyl group, a 1-chloroethyl group, a 2-chloroethyl group, and an acetyl group, but not limited thereto. Further, specific examples of R3 in the formula (2) include a 1,2-ethylene group, a 1,2-propylene group, a 1,3-propylene group, a 1,2-butylene group, a 2,3-butylene group, a 1,3-butylene group, a 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-butylene group (the boronic acid ester having this group as R3 is generally referred to as boronic acid pinacol ester), 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propylene, N-phenyl-3-aza-1,5-pentyl group, a 1,2-phenylene group (the boronic acid ester having this group as R3 is generally referred to as boronic acid catechol ester), a 4,5-dimethyl-1,2-phenylene group, but not limited thereto. Further, specific examples of M+ in the formula (4) and (8) include a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, an ammonium ion, a triethylammonium ion, and a pyridinium ion, but not limited thereto.
The boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention may be produced according to a conventionally known method and used. For example, it is obtained by reacting an olefinic polymer having carbon-carbon double bond with boranes, a borane complex, or a boronic acid ester compound having a boron-hydrogen bond, if necessary, in the presence of a boric acid alkyl ester, and also reacting with water or alcohols, if necessary. In this case, when the carbon-carbon double bond is present in the main chain or in the side chain, the boron functional group is introduced at the side chain. If it is present at the terminal, the boron functional group is introduced at the terminal.
The boranes, borane complex, or compound having a boron-hydrogen bond that is used for the reaction are not specifically limited. However, examples thereof include boranes like diborane, tetraborane, pentaborane, hexaborane, and decaborane, a borane complex like borane-tetrahydrofuran complex, borane-triethylamine complex, borane-trimethylamine complex, borane-pyridine complex, borane-t-butylamine complex, borane-N,N-diisopropylethylamine complex, borane-dimethylamine complex, borane-N,N-diethylaniline complex, borane-4-methylmorpholine complex, borane-methylsulfide complex, borane-1,4-thioxane complex, and borane-tributylphosphine complex, and a compound having a boron-hydrogen bond like texyl borane, catechol borane, 9-borabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane, diisoamyl borane, and dicyclohexyl borane. Of these, from the viewpoint of chemical stability, borane triethylamine complex, borane-methylsulfide complex or the like are preferable. Further, the amount of the compound used for the reaction is, although not specifically limited, about 0.1 to 10 equivalents compared to the amount of the carbon-carbon double bond.
Further, when boric acid alkyl ester is used, trimethyl borate, triethyl borate, tripropyl borate, tributyl borate, boric acid ethylene glycol ester, boric acid propylene glycol ester, boric acid trimethylene glycol ester, boric acid 1,3-butane diol ester, and boric acid neopentyl glycol ester are preferably used. Of these, esters like boric acid trimethylene glycol ester, boric acid propylene glycol ester, boric acid 1,3-butane diol ester, and boric acid neopentyl glycol ester are preferable. By adding a boric acid alkyl ester, crosslinking which often occurs at the time of adding the boranes, a borane complex, or a compound having a boron-hydrogen bond can be prevented and also a boron-containing group can be introduced in chemically stable form of boronic acid ester group. Further, examples of the alcohols used for the reaction include methanol, ethanol, propylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, and 1,3-butane diol.
The reaction between the carbon-carbon double bond-containing olefinic polymer and the borane complex and boric acid alkyl ester is carried out preferably at the temperature of room temperature to 400° C., and more preferably 100 to 350° C., for 1 min to 10 hours, and preferably min to 5 hours. Further, the reaction can be also carried out by using an optional organic solvent.
Specific examples of the carbon-carbon double bond-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention include high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, hydrogenated polybutadiene, hydrogenated polyisoprene and also a block copolymer having a carbon-carbon double bond like styrene-butadiene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene block copolymer, and styrene-butadiene-isoprene copolymer. It can be prepared according to a method conventionally known in the art, and for example it can be produced by a method including thermolysis of an olefinic polymer having no carbon-carbon double bond preferably at the temperature of 200° C. or above to give an olefinic polymer having a carbon-carbon double bond at the terminal. Further, a conjugated polyene compound like polybutadiene and styrene-butadiene block copolymer in which hydrogenation ratio is not 100% can be also used as a carbon-carbon double bond-containing olefinic polymer. In particular, the latter is easily obtainable in a state in which plural carbon-carbon double bonds are contained in a main chain or a side chain. Thus, it is more suitable for obtaining a boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer in which the boron functional group is contained in a great amount.
The boron functional group contained in the boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer produced according to the method described above can be converted to other group by a conventionally known method. For example, the boronic acid ester group can be converted to a boronic acid group by a conventionally known hydrolysis method. Further, according to a reaction with any alcohol, an ester exchange reaction can be achieved. Still further, according to dehydration condensation between boronic acid groups, it can be converted to boronic anhydride group.
As another method for synthesizing a boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer, there is a method of radical polymerizing an unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a compound having a mercapto group and a boron functional group. According to this method, a compound having a mercapto group and a boron functional group functions as a chain transfer agent for polymerization of an unsaturated hydrocarbon so that a boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer having a terminal boron functional group is obtained. Examples of the compound having a mercapto group and a boron functional group that can be used include 3-mercaptopropyl boronic acid pinacol ester and 4-mercaptophenyl boronic acid pinacol ester, but not limited thereto. The polymerization condition is not specifically limited, either. As long as it is not against the main spirit of the invention, it can be polymerized by a conventionally known method (e.g., a polyolefin polymerization in which a mercapto compound is used as a chain transfer agent).
As yet another method, there is a method of copolymerizing an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound with a compound copolymerizable with an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound as a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond and a boron functional group. According to this method, a boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer having a boron functional group in a main chain and/or side chain is obtained. Examples of the compound having a carbon-carbon double bond and a boron functional group include vinylboronic acid pinacol ester, vinylboronic acid catechol ester, and allylboronic acid pinacol ester, but not limited thereto. The polymerization method is not specifically limited, either. As long as it is not against the main spirit of the invention, it can be polymerized by a conventionally known method.
Next, the silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer is explained herein below. The silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention is not specifically limited, if it is an olefinic polymer containing at least one group selected from an alkoxysilyl group and a derivative group thereof (i.e., a silicon functional group). Herein, the alkoxysilyl group indicates a group having a structure represented by the formula (9):
(wherein, R10, R11, R12, R13, R14 and R15 represent a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (e.g., an aliphatic hydrocarbon group (a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group or the like), an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or the like), and an aromatic hydrocarbon group (a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or the like), R19, R11 and R12 may be the same or different from each other, and R13 and R14 may be the same or different from each other). Further, the derivative group of an alkoxysilyl group represents a silanol group represented by the formula (10):
(wherein, R16, R17, R18, R19 and R20 represent a group selected from a hydrogen atom and a monovalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (e.g., an aliphatic hydrocarbon group (a linear or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group or the like), an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or the like), and an aromatic hydrocarbon group (a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, or the like)), at least one of R16, R17, and R18 is a hydrogen atom, R16, R17, and R18 are the same or different from each other, at least one of R19 and R20 is a hydrogen atom, and R19 and R20 are the same or different from each other), or an silic anhydride group represented by the formula (11):
which contains a Si—O—Si bond produced by dehydration condensation between Si—OH in a silanol group and Si—OH in other silanol group. Of these, the alkoxysilyl group is preferable from the viewpoint of interlayer adhesion of a laminate to be obtained.
Specific examples of the monovalent organic group as R10 to R15 and R16 to R20 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a 2-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a phenyl group, a 2-methylphenyl group, a 3-methylphenyl group, a 4-methylphenyl group, a 4-ethylphenyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, a 3-naphthyl group, a benzyl group, a 2-methoxyethyl group, a 2-ethoxyethyl group, a 2-butoxyethyl group, a 2-ethoxybutyl group, a 4-ethoxybutyl group, a chloromethyl group, a 1-chloroethyl group, a 2-chloroethyl group, and an acetyl group, but not limited thereto.
The silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention can be produced according to a conventionally known method and used. For example, when styrene, butadiene, isoprene, or the like are polymerized (or copolymerized) in the presence of an organolithium compound, and then reacted with a compound having an alkoxysilyl group like methyl trimethoxysilane and methyl triphenoxysilane, an olefinic polymer having a silicon functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain can be obtained.
The silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer can be produced by reacting a carbon-carbon double bond-containing olefinic polymer with a compound having a Si—H residue and a silicon functional group, preferably a compound in which a hydrogen atom is directly bonded to a silicon functional group, or a compound having a mercapto group and a silicon functional group. When the carbon-carbon double bond is present in the main chain or in the side chain, the silicon functional group is introduced at the side chain. If it is present at the terminal, the silicon functional group is introduced at the terminal.
The compound having a Si—H residue and a silicon functional group is not specifically limited, and examples thereof include trimethoxysilane, triethoxysilane, diethoxysilane, and methyl diethoxysilane. Examples of the compound having a mercapto group and a silicon functional group include, although not specifically limited, 2-mercaptoethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane. Further, the amount of the compound having a Si—H residue and a silicon functional group or the amount of the compound having a mercapto group and a silicon functional group is, although not specifically limited, about 0.1 to 10 equivalents compared to the amount of the carbon-carbon double bond.
Specific examples of the carbon-carbon double bond-containing olefinic polymer used for the reaction include those exemplified for the carbon-carbon double bond-containing olefinic polymer which is used for the reaction between a borane complex and boric acid alkyl ester as described above, but not limited thereto. Further, since the polymer of a conjugated polyene compound in which hydrogenation ratio is not 100% is easily obtainable in a state in which plural carbon-carbon double bonds are contained in a main chain or a side chain, it is more suitable for obtaining a silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer in which the silicon functional group is contained in a great amount.
The reaction between the carbon-carbon double bond-containing olefinic polymer and a compound having a Si—H residue and a silicon functional group is carried out preferably at the temperature of room temperature to 300° C., and more preferably 100 to 250° C., for 1 min to 10 hours, and preferably 5 min to 5 hours. Further, the reaction can be also carried out by using an optional organic solvent.
As another method for synthesizing a silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer, there is a method of radical polymerizing an unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a compound having a mercapto group and a silicon functional group. According to this method, a compound having a mercapto group and a silicon functional group functions as a chain transfer agent for polymerization of an unsaturated hydrocarbon so that a silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer having a terminal silicon functional group is obtained. Examples of the compound having a mercapto group and a silicon functional group that can be used include 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane, and 4-mercaptophenyl trimethoxysilane, but not limited thereto. The polymerization method is not specifically limited, either. As long as it is not against the main spirit of the invention, it can be polymerized by a conventionally known method.
As yet another method, there is a method of copolymerizing an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound with a compound copolymerizable with an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound as a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond and a silicon functional group. According to this method, a silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer having a silicon functional group in a main chain and/or side chain is obtained. Examples of the compound having a carbon-carbon double bond and a silicon functional group include vinyl trimethoxysilane, vinyl triethoxysilane, allyl trimethoxirane, and 3-(meth)acryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, but not limited thereto. The polymerization method is not specifically limited, either. As long as it is not against the main spirit of the invention, it can be polymerized by a conventionally known method
Next, the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention is explained. The reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention is not specifically limited if it is an olefinic polymer containing a hydrocarbon component as a main component and at least one group selected from a carboxyl group, a derivative group of carboxyl group, and an epoxy group (herein below, referred to as a reactive functional group). A polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon, which has a reactive functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof is preferable in that interlayer adhesion and various dynamic properties are excellent and the corresponding polymers can be easily obtained. Herein, the polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon, which has a reactive functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof means a polymer having a reactive functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, wherein the total content ratio of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms compared to the whole monomers contained in the polymer is 80% by mass or more, preferably 95% by mass or more, and most preferably 98% by mass or more, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof. When the total content ratio of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms compared to the whole monomers contained in the polymer is less than 80% by mass, the low water absorption property or various dynamic properties inherent to the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer, and properties like sound proof property of a block copolymer described below tend to be lowered.
The carboxyl group and a derivative group of carboxyl group indicate a carboxyl group, a carboxylate group, a carboxylic acid ester group, and a carboxylic anhydride group, respectively. Herein, the carboxylate group indicates a carboxyl group of which hydrogen is substituted with a cation (M), i.e., a —COOM group. Examples of the M include a cation like lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, zinc, ammonium, triethylammonium, and pyridinium. Further, the carboxylic acid ester group indicates a carboxyl group of which hydrogen is substituted with an organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. Specific examples of the organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a 2-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, an octyl group, a nonyl group, a decyl group, a dodecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a phenyl group, a 2-methylphenyl group, a 3-methylphenyl group, a 4-methylphenyl group, a 4-ethylphenyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, a 3-naphthyl group, a benzyl group, a 2-methoxyethyl group, a 2-ethoxyethyl group, a 2-butoxyethyl group, a 2-ethoxybutyl group, and a 4-ethoxybutyl group.
Specific examples of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms include those exemplified above as a specific example of the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms for constituting the polyolefin. Further, the polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon, which has a reactive functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof means the polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon as exemplified above, which has a reactive functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof.
When the laminate of the invention is particularly used as an intermediate film of a sound proof laminated glass, a block copolymer of a block (X″) consisting of a polymer of an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and a block (Y″) consisting of a polymer of an aliphatic conjugated polymer compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, and a hydrogenated molecule thereof like styrene-butadiene block copolymer, styrene-isoprene block copolymer, styrene-butadiene-isoprene copolymer, and a hydrogenated molecule thereof, which has reactive functional group at the terminal of a molecular chain or in a side chain, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof (herein below, they are collectively referred to as a “reactive functional group-containing block copolymer”) are preferably used as they have an excellent vibration damping property and sound proof property, and also show excellent compatibility and adhesion when the block copolymer is used as a polyolefin of the laminate of the invention. Herein, the block (X″) and/or block (Y″) may contain reactive functional group-containing part in the block.
The reactive functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited if it has a block (X″) part and a block (Y″) part. For example, a block copolymer like [(X″)-(Y″)]k′. and [(X″)-(Y″)]m′-(X″), (Y″)-[(X″)-(Y″)]n′ can be used, wherein k′, m′, and n′ are any natural number. Among them, a block copolymer having two or more block (X″) and one or more block (Y″) is preferable. A triblock copolymer consisting of (X″)-(Y″)-(X″) is particularly preferable. Further, when reactive functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention contains two or more block (X″) or two or more block (Y″), each block (X″) and block (Y″) may be the same or different from each other.
Content of the block (X″) and block (Y″) in the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer is not specifically limited if it is not against the purpose of the invention. However, content of the block (X″) is preferably 5 to 95% by mass, and more preferably 10 to 70% by mass compared to the total mass of the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer. When the content of the block (X″) is within the range, the vibration damping property and sound proof property inherent to the block copolymer are exhibited.
The number average molecular weight of the block (X″) and block (Y″) in the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer is not specifically limited. However, the number average molecular weight per single block (X″) is preferably 2,500 to 75,000, and the number average molecular weight per single block (Y″) is preferably 1,000 to 100,000. Further, the number average molecular weight of the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer is preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably 15,000 to 200,000. When the weight average molecular weight of the block (X″) and block (Y″) is too small, performance of the block copolymer may not be exhibited. Further, when the weight average molecular weight of the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer is too small, dynamic strength may be lowered too much when it is prepared as a laminate. On the other hand, when the weight average molecular weight of the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer is too big, handlability is impaired at the time of molding. Glass transition temperature, melting point or the like of the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer may be appropriately selected depending on purpose.
Glass transition temperature of the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, it is preferably −100 to 50° C., more preferably −50 to 30° C., and still more preferably −40 to 20° C. When the glass transition temperature of the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer satisfies the above condition, favorable dynamic physical properties and various favorable properties are obtained for the laminate of the invention.
The tan δ peak temperature of the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, it is preferably −40 to 30° C., more preferably −35 to 25° C., and still more preferably −30 to 20° C.
The dynamic strength of the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, when described as tensile break strength as an indicator, it is preferably 0.1 MPa or more, more preferably 0.5 MPa or more, and still more preferably 1.0 MPa or more.
The MFR value of the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention is not specifically limited and it may be appropriately selected depending on purpose. However, when measured according to ASTM D1238 with a load of 2.16 kg and temperature of 190° C., MRF value is preferably 0.1 to 100 g/10 min, more preferably 0.1 to 70 g/10 min, and still more preferably 0.1 to 50 g/10 min.
Block (Y″) part of the reactive functional group-containing block copolymer used in the invention may be either hydrogenated or non-hydrogenated. However, from the viewpoint of weatherability, it is preferably hydrogenated. The hydrogenation ratio is preferably 50 mol % or more, more preferably 80 mol % or more, and still more preferably 90 mol % or more.
As for the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention, an olefinic polymer wherein the functional group is at least one group selected from a carboxyl group and a derivative group of a carboxyl group (herein below, referred to as carboxylic group) (herein below, referred to as a carboxylic group-containing olefinic polymer) and an olefinic polymer having an epoxy group as a functional group (herein below, referred to as an epoxy group-containing olefinic polymer) are preferable in that favorable interlayer adhesion can be obtained therewith. Herein below, they are explained in order.
First, the carboxylic group-containing olefinic polymer is explained. The carboxylic group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention is not specifically limited if it is an olefinic polymer containing a carboxylic group. Particularly preferably, it is a polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof, wherein the carboxylic group is contained in the terminal or side chain of a molecular chain.
The carboxylic group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention may be produced according to a conventionally known method and used. For example, it can be obtained by copolymerization of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and a compound having a carboxylic group and a carbon-carbon double bond or a graft polymerization of a polyolefin, preferably a polyolefin having a carbon-carbon double bond, with a compound having a carboxylic group and a carbon-carbon double bond. Examples of the compound having a carboxylic group and a carbon-carbon double bond include unsaturated carboxylic acid and anhydride thereof like (meth)acrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, tetrahydrophthalic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, and tetrahydrophthalic anhydride; unsaturated carboxylic acid salt like lithium(meth)acrylate, sodium(meth)acrylate, potassium(meth)acrylate, magnesium(meth)acrylate, and sodium maleate, and; unsaturated carboxylic acid ester like methyl(meth)acrylate, ethyl(meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylate, n-propyl(meth)acrylate, i-propyl(meth)acrylate, n-butyl(meth)acrylate, i-butyl(meth)acrylate, t-butyl(meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acrylate, dodecyl(meth)acrylate, octadecyl(meth)acrylate, and dimethyl maleic acid, but not limited thereto.
As another method for synthesis, there is a method of radical polymerizing at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms in the presence of a compound having a mercapto group and a carboxyl group. According to this method, a compound having a mercapto group and a carboxyl group functions as a chain transfer agent for polymerization so that an olefinic polymer having a carboxyl group in the molecular terminal is obtained.
Next, the epoxy group-containing olefinic polymer is explained. The epoxy group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention is not specifically limited if it is an olefinic polymer containing an epoxy group. Particularly preferably, it is a polymer of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms, or a hydrogenated molecule thereof, wherein the epoxy group is contained in the terminal or side chain of a molecular chain.
The epoxy group-containing olefinic polymer used in the invention may be produced according to a conventionally known method and used. For example, it can be obtained by copolymerization of at least one compound selected from an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and an aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms and a compound having an epoxy group and a carbon-carbon double bond or a graft polymerization of a polyolefin, preferably a polyolefin having a carbon-carbon double bond, with a compound having an epoxy group and a carbon-carbon double bond.
As yet another method, there is a method of epoxidizing a carbon-carbon double bond-containing olefinic polymer with a suitable oxidizing agent like hydrogen peroxide, cumen peroxide, formic acid peroxide, peracetic acid, perbenzoic acid, and methchloro perbenzoic acid. Specific examples of the carbon-carbon double bond-containing olefinic polymer used for the method described above include high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, ultra low density polypropylene, polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, an ethylene-propylene copolymer, hydrogenated polybutadiene, hydrogenated polyisoprene and also a block copolymer having a carbon-carbon double bond like a styrene-butadiene block copolymer, a styrene-isoprene block copolymer, and a styrene-butadiene-isoprene copolymer. It can be prepared according to a method conventionally known in the art, and for example it can be produced by a method including thermolysis of an olefinic polymer having no carbon-carbon double bond preferably at the temperature of 200° C. or above to give an olefinic polymer having a carbon-carbon double bond at the terminal. Further, a conjugated polyene compound like polybutadiene and styrene-butadiene block copolymer in which hydrogenation ratio is not 100% can be also used as a carbon-carbon double bond-containing olefinic polymer. In particular, the latter is easily obtainable in a state in which plural carbon-carbon double bonds are contained in a main chain or a side chain. Thus, it is more suitable for obtaining an epoxy group-containing olefinic polymer in which the epoxy group is contained in a great amount.
The composition B used in the invention may be also added with known additives like an anti-oxidizing agent, a UV absorbent, or the like. They are explained herein below.
When an anti-oxidizing agent is added to the composition B used in the invention, the type of the agent is not specifically limited. However, preferred examples thereof include a phenol-based anti-oxidizing agent, a phosphorus-based anti-oxidizing agent, and a sulfur-based anti-oxidizing agent. Of these, the phenol-based anti-oxidizing agent is preferable. The alkyl-substituted phenol-based anti-oxidizing agent is particularly preferable.
Examples of the phenol-based anti-oxidizing agent include an acrylate compound like 2-t-butyl-6-(3-t-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methylphenylacrylate and 2,4-di-t-amyl-6-(1-(3,5-di-t-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)phenylacrylate, an alkyl-substituted phenol-based compound like 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-ethylphenol, octadecyl-3-(3,5-)di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate, 2,2′-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4′-butylidene-bis(4-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4′-butylidene-bis(6-t-butyl-m-cresol), 4,4′-thiobis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), bis(3-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methane, 3,9-bis(2-(3-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionyloxy)-1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxapsiro[5,5]undecane, 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-t-butylphenyl)butane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene, tetrakis(methylene-3-(3′,5′-di-t-butyl-4′-hydroxyphenyl)propionate)methane, and triethylene glycol bis(3-(3-t-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionate), and a triazine group-containing phenol-based compound like 6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylanilino)-2,4-bis-octylthio-1,3,5-triazine, 6-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylanilino)-2,4-bis-octylthio-1,3,5-triazine, 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-t-butylanilino)-2,4-bis-octylthio-1,3,5-triazine, and 2-octylthio-4,6-bis-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-oxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine.
Examples of the phosphorus-based anti-oxidizing agent include a monophosphate compound like triphenylphosphate, diphenyl isodecylphosphate, phenyl diisodecylphosphate, tris(nonylphenyl)phosphate, tris(dinonylphenyl)phosphate, tris(2-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl)phosphate, tris(cyclohexylphenyl)phosphate, 2,2-methylenebis(4,6-di-t-butylphenyl)octylphosphate, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, 10-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, and 10-decyloxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene, and a diphosphate compound like 4,4′-butylidene-bis(3-methyl-6-t-butylphenyl-di-tridecylphosphate), 4,4′-isopropylidene-bis(phenyl-di-alkyl(C12-C15)phosphate), 4,4′-isopropylidene-bis(diphenylmonoalkyl(C12-C15) phosphate), 1,1,3-tris(2-methyl-4-di-tridecylphosphate-5-t-butylphenyl)butane, and tetrakis(2,4-di-t-butylphenyl)-4,4′-biphenylenephosphate. Of these, the monophosphate compound is preferable.
Examples of the sulfur-based anti-oxidizing agent include dilauryl 3,3′-thiodipropionate, distearyl 3,3′-thiodipropionate, lauryl stearyl 3,3′-thiodipropionate, pentaerythritol-tetrakis-(β-lauryl-thiopropionate), and 3,9-bis(2-dodecylthioethyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5,5]undecane.
The anti-oxidizing agent may be used either singly or in combination of two or more. The addition amount of the anti-oxidizing agent is 0.001 to 5% by mass, and preferably 0.01 to 1% by mass compared to the mass of the composition B. When the addition amount of the anti-oxidizing agent is less than 0.001% by mass, the effect may not be obtained at sufficient level. On the other hand, when it is more than 5% by mass, an excellent effect may not be obtained, either.
When a UV absorbent is added to the composition B used in the invention, the type of the agent is not specifically limited. Examples of the UV absorbent used in the invention include a benzotriazole UV absorbent like 2-(5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-[2-hydroxy-3,5-bis(α,α′-dimethylbenzyl)phenyl]-2H -benzotriazole, 2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriatole, 2-(3-t-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3,5-di-t-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, and 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-t-octylphenyl)benzotriazole, a hindered amine UV absorbent like 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidylbenzoate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)sebacate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-n-butylmalonic acid, and 4-(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxy)-1-(2-(3-(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionyloxy)ethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, and a benzoate UV absorbent like 2,4-di-t-butylphenyl-3 , 5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and hexadecyl-3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate. The addition amount of the UV absorbent is 0.001 to 5% by mass, and preferably 0.01 to 1% by mass compared to the mass of the composition B. When the addition amount of the UV absorbent is less than 0.001% by mass, the effect may not be obtained at sufficient level. On the other hand, when it is more than 5% by mass, an excellent effect may not be obtained, either. The UV absorbent may be also used in combination of two or more.
The composition B of the invention can be obtained by mixing polyolefin, an organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer, and a reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer, and additives, if necessary, according to a known method. Specific examples of the mixing method include melt kneading using a mixing roll, a Plast mill, an extruder, or the like or dissolving the components of the composition B in an appropriate organic solvent and then removing the solvent. However, it is not specifically limited if is not against the main spirit of the invention.
Composition A contained in the laminate of the invention is explained herein below. The composition A is not specifically limited, if it contains polyvinyl acetal. Content thereof is, compared to the mass of the composition A, 45% by mass or more, preferably 50% by mass or more, and more preferably 60% by mass or more. When the content of polyvinyl acetal is lower than 45% by mass in the composition A, the physical characteristics inherent to the polyvinyl acetal may not be obtained.
Next, the polyvinyl acetal used in the invention is explained. The polyvinyl acetal is typically produced from a vinyl alcohol polymer as a reacting material. The vinyl alcohol polymer can be obtained by a common method, i.e., a vinyl ester monomer is polymerized and the resulting polymer is saponified. Examples of polymerizing the vinyl ester monomer include a conventionally known method like solution polymerization, bulk polymerization, suspension polymerization, and emulsion polymerization. Depending on polymerization method, the polymerization initiator like an azo initiator, a peroxide initiator, and a redox initiator is appropriately selected. The saponification may be carried out by alcoholysis or hydrolysis using a known alkali catalyst or a catalyst agent. Among them, the saponification reaction in which methanol is used as a solvent and caustic soda (NaOH) is used as a catalyst is most preferable, as it is convenient to carry out.
Examples of the vinyl ester monomer include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl lactate, vinyl isolactate, vinyl pyvarate, vinyl versatate, vinyl caproate, vinyl caprylate, vinyl laurate, vinyl palimitate, vinyl stearate, vinyl oleate, and vinyl benzoate. Vinyl acetate is particularly preferable.
Further, when the vinyl ester monomer is polymerized, it may be copolymerized with other monomer if is not against the main spirit of the invention. Examples of other monomer include the compounds that are exemplified above as the compounds copolymerizable with the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atoms and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms used for polymerization of the polyolefin used in the composition B or the composition C, or the aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 2 to 12 carbon atom and aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound having 8 to 12 carbon atoms used for polymerization of the polyolefin used in the composition C within the range that the effect of the invention is not impaired (e.g., acrylic acid and a salt thereof, acrylate esters, methacrylic acid and a salt thereof, methacrylate esters) and the compound exemplified above as a compound having a carboxylic group and a carbon-carbon double bond, but not limited thereto. The monomer is generally used in ratio of less than 10 mol % compared to the vinyl ester monomer.
Viscosity average degree of polymerization of the vinyl alcohol polymer, which is used as a reacting material of the polyvinyl acetal used in the invention, is appropriately selected depending on use. However, it is preferably 150 to 3,000 and more preferably 200 to 2,000. When the viscosity average degree of polymerization of the vinyl alcohol polymer is less than 150, strength of the layer A tends to be insufficient. On the other hand, when it is more than 3,000, handlability tends to be poor at the time of molding the layer A.
The polyvinyl acetal used in the invention may be obtained by the following method, for example. First, an aqueous solution of vinyl alcohol polymer having concentration of 3 to 30% by mass is adjusted to the temperature range of 80 to 100° C. and then the temperature is gradually cooled over 10 to 60 min. When the temperature is lowered to −10 to 30° C., an aldehyde and a catalyst are added and the acetalization is carried out for 30 to 300 min while maintaining constant temperature. After that, the reaction solution is increased to the temperature of 30 to 80° C. over 30 to 200 min and maintained at the same temperature for 1 to 6 hours. Then, the reaction solution is preferably cooled to room temperature and washed with water. If necessary, it is neutralized by adding a neutralizing agent like alkali, washed with water, and dried to obtain the polyvinyl acetal used in the invention.
The catalyst used for the acetalization is not specifically limited, and both an organic acid and an inorganic acid can be used. Examples thereof include acetic acid, paratoluene sulfonic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid. Of these, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid are preferably used. Hydrochloric acid is particularly preferably used.
The aldehyde used for the acetalization of the invention is not specifically limited. However, polyvinyl acetal acetalized with an aldehyde having 1 to 8 carbon atoms is preferably used. Examples of the aldehyde having 1 to 8 carbon atoms include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, n-octylaldehyde, 2-ethylhexylaldehyde, and benzaldehyde. It may be used either singly or in combination of two or more. Of these, an aldehyde having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular n-butyraldehyde is preferably used. In other words, as a polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral is particularly preferable.
Average degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal is preferably 40 to 85 mol %, more preferably 48 to 82 mol %, and still more preferably 55 to 81 mol %. By using the polyvinyl acetal having the degree of acetalization within this range, excellent transparency can be obtained. Further, to achieve more preferably the purpose of the invention, the content of vinyl ester unit in the polyvinyl acetal (content of vinyl acetate unit, in general) is 0.01 to 30 mol %, preferably 0.05 to 15 mol %, and more preferably 0.1 to 5 mol %. Further, the content of vinyl alcohol unit is 10 to 50 mol %, preferably 12 to 40 mol %, and most preferably 15 to 35 mol %. Meanwhile, the degree of acetalization, content of vinyl ester unit, and content of vinyl alcohol unit are the value compared to the total of the degree of acetalization (content of vinyl acetal unit), content of vinyl ester unit, and content of vinyl alcohol unit.
The composition A used in the invention may be added with an anti-oxidizing agent, a UV absorbent, and other conventionally known additives. Examples of the anti-oxidizing agent include those exemplified above as the anti-oxidizing agent (phenol-based anti-oxidizing agent, phosphorus-based anti-oxidizing agent, sulfur-based anti-oxidizing agent, or the like) that can be added to the composition B, and the examples of the UV absorbent include those exemplified above as a UV absorbent that can be added to the composition B, but not limited thereto. Further, the addition amount is, in terms of each addition amount of an anti-oxidizing agent and a UV absorbent, 0.001 to 5% by mass, and preferably 0.01 to 1% by mass compared to the mass of the composition A.
The composition A used invention may also contain a plasticizer if it is not against the main spirit of the invention. Examples of the plasticizer that can be used include a carboxylic acid ester plasticizer like monocarboxylic acid ester and polycarboxylic acid ester, a phosphoric acid ester plasticizer, an organic phosphorus acid plasticizer and also carboxylic acid polyester, carbonate polyester, a polymer plasticizer like polyalkylene glycol, and an ester compound between hydrocarboxylic acid and polyhydric alcohol like castor oil. It can be appropriately selected depending on use. However, when a common laminate is produced by using them, a plasticizer which migrates from the layer A to the layer B or the layer C may impair the physical properties of a laminate (i.e., strength, interlayer adhesion, or transparency of the layer B or the layer C), and therefore it is often undesirable to use.
Examples of the monocarboxylic acid ester include a compound obtained by condensation between a monocarboxylic acid like butanoic acid, isobutanoic acid, hexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octyl acid, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, and lauric acid and a polyhydric alcohol like ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and glycerin. Specific examples thereof include triethylene glycol di 2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol diisobutanoate, triethylene glycol di 2-hexanoate, triethylene glycol di 2-ethylbutanoate, triethylene glycol dilaurate, ethylene glycol di 2-ethylhexanoate, diethylene glycol di 2-ethylhexanoate, tetraethylene glycol di 2-ethylhexanoate, tetraethylene glycol diheptanoate, PEG#400 di 2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol mono 2-ethylhexanoate, and glycerin tri 2-ethylhexanoate. Herein, PEG#400 represents polyethylene glycol having average molecular weight of 350 to 450.
Examples of the polycarboxylic acid ester include a compound obtained by polycondensation between a polycarboxylic acid like adipic acid, succinic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and trimethylic acid and an alcohol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms like methanol, ethanol, butanol, hexanol, 2-ethyl butanol, heptanol, octanol, 2-ethyl hexanol, decanol, dodecanol, butoxy ethanol, butoxyethoxy ethanol, and benzyl alcohol. Specific examples of the compound include dihexyl adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl adipate, diheptyl adipate, dioctyl adipate, di 2-ethylhexyl adipate, di(butoxyethyl)adipate, di(butoxyethoxyethyl)adipate, mono(2-ethylhexyl)adipate, dibutyl phthalate, dihexyl phthalate, di(2-ethylbutyl)phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, benzylbutyl phthalate, and didodecyl phthalate.
Examples of the phosphoric acid plasticizer and phosphorus acid plasticizer include a compound obtained by polycondensation of phosphoric acid or phosphorus acid with an alcohol having 1 to 12 carbon atoms like methanol, ethanol, butanol, hexanol, 2-ethyl butanol, heptanol, octanol, 2-ethyl hexanol, decanol, dodecanol, butoxy ethanol, butoxyethoxy ethanol, and benzyl alcohol. Specific examples of the compound include trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tripropyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate, tri(butoxyethyl)phosphate, and tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphite.
Examples of the carboxylic acid poly ester plasticizer include a carboxylic acid polyester obtained by copolymerization of polycarboxylic acid like oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, sebacic acid, dodecane diacid, 1,2-cyclo hexane di carboxylic acid, 1,3-cyclo hexane dicarboxylic acid, and 1,4-cyclo hexane dicarboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol like ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,2-nonanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,2-dodecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, and 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, and carboxylic acid polyester obtained by ring opening polymerization of a lactone compound like 6-caprolactone. The terminal structure of these carboxylic acid polyesters is not specifically limited. It may be either a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group. Further, it may have an ester bond obtained by reacting the terminal hydroxyl group or the terminal carboxyl group with a monocarboxylic acid or a monohydric alcohol.
Examples of the carbonate polyester plasticizer include a carbonate polyester obtained by alternative copolymerization based on ester exchange of polyhydric alcohol like ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-butylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 1,2-pentanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-hexanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,2-heptanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,2-octanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,2-nonanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 2-methyl-1,8-octanediol, 1,2-decanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,2-dodecanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,3-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane, and 1,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexane and carbonate ester like dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate. The terminal structure of the carbonate polyester compound is not specifically limited. However, it is preferably a carbonate ester group or a hydroxyl group.
Examples of the polyalkylene glycol plasticizer include a polymer obtained by ring opening polymerization of an alkylene oxide like ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, and butylenes oxide by using monohydric alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, and monocarboxylic acid, or polycarboxylic acid as an initiator.
According to the invention, the plasticizer may be used either singly or in combination of two or more. The use amount is not specifically limited. Compared to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal contained in the composition A, it is used in an amount of 1 to 100 parts by mass, preferably 5 to 70 parts by mass, and most preferably 10 to 50 parts by mass. When the use amount of the plasticizer is less than 1 part by mass compared to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl acetal contained the composition A, the plasticizing effect may not be obtained at sufficient level. On the other hand, when it is more than 100 parts by mass, an excellent plasticizing effect may not be obtained, either.
When the laminate of the invention is used for application which requires suitable adjustment of adhesion with glass, for example, an intermediate film of a laminated glass, a solar cell module, or the like, it is preferable that the composition A used in the invention is added with an adhesive modifying agent. Examples of the adhesive modifying agent that can be used include those described in International Publication No. 03/033583, and an alkali metal salt and/or alkali earth metal salt of an organic acid is preferably added. In particular, potassium acetate and/or magnesium acetate is preferable. The addition amount is preferably 1 to 10,000 ppm, more preferably 5 to 1,000 ppm, and still more preferably 10 to 300 ppm compared to the mass of the composition A. The most suitable addition amount of the adhesive modifying agent varies depending on the additives used or the purpose of use. However, from the viewpoint of suitably controlling adhesion with a glass, it is generally controlled to 3 to 10 when, as a laminate of the invention, a laminate which has a surface in contact with glass is layer A is laminated with a glass is evaluated by Pummel test (described in International Publication No. 03/033583 or the like). When high resistance to penetration is required in particular, it is preferably adjusted to 3 to 6. When a high glass shatterproof property is required, it is preferably adjusted to 7 to 10. When a high glass shatterproof property is required, it is also useful not to add any adhesive modifying agent.
The composition A of the invention can be obtained by mixing polyvinyl acetal, and additives or a plasticizer, if necessary, according to a known method. Specific examples of the mixing method include melt kneading using a mixing roll, a plast mill, an extruder, or the like or dissolving the components of the composition A in an appropriate organic solvent and then removing the solvent. However, it is not specifically limited if is not against the main spirit of the invention.
Composition C used in the invention is explained herein below. The composition C used in the invention is not specifically limited, if it contains polyolefin. Content thereof is, compared to the mass of the composition C, 30% by mass or more, preferably 80% by mass or more, and more preferably 90% by mass or more. When the content of polyvinyl acetal is lower than 30% by mass in the composition C, the low water absorption property and various dynamic properties inherent to the polyolefin and the characteristics like sound proof property inherent to the block copolymer may be impaired.
The composition C used in the invention may be added with an anti-oxidizing agent, a UV absorbent, and other conventionally known additives. Examples of the anti-oxidizing agent include those exemplified above as the anti-oxidizing agent (phenol-based anti-oxidizing agent, phosphorus-based anti-oxidizing agent, sulfur-based anti-oxidizing agent, or the like) that can be added to the composition B, and the examples of the UV absorbent include those exemplified above as a UV absorbent that can be added to the composition B, but not limited thereto. Further, the addition amount is, in terms of each addition amount of an anti-oxidizing agent and a UV absorbent, 0.001 to 5% by mass, and preferably 0.01 to 1% by mass compared to the mass of the composition C.
The composition C of the invention can be obtained by mixing polyolefin, and additives or a plasticizer, if necessary, according to a known method. Specific examples of the mixing method include melt kneading using a mixing roll, a Plast mill, an extruder, or the like or dissolving the components of the composition C in an appropriate organic solvent and then removing the solvent. However, it is not specifically limited if is not against the main spirit of the invention.
The laminate of the invention may contain two or more of the layer A, layer B, and layer C as long as it has a constitution in which the layer A and the layer B are laminated on each other or a constitution in which the layer A and the layer C are laminated on each other via the layer B. Further, when two or more layers are contained, they may the same or different from each other. Further, the laminate of the invention may also contain a layer other than those above (herein below, referred to as layer D). Specific examples of the layer D include a polyester layer, a polyamide layer, a polyimide layer, and a polycarbonate layer, but not limited thereto. Specific examples of the layer constitution in the laminate of the invention include layer A/layer B, layer A/layer B/layer A, layer A/layer B/layer A/layer B/layer A, layer B/layer A/layer B, layer A/layer B/layer B/layer A, layer A/layer B/layer C/layer B/layer A, layer A/layer B/layer D/layer B/layer A, and layer A/layer B/layer C, layer A/layer B/layer C/layer D/layer C/layer B/layer A, but not limited thereto.
Thickness of each layer is not specifically limited as long as the laminate of the invention has a constitution in which the layer A and the layer B are laminated on each other or a constitution in which the layer A and the layer C are laminated on each other via the layer B. However, thickness of the layer A, layer B, and layer C is 0.001 to 5 mm, preferably 0.01 to 3 mm, and most preferably 0.1 to 1.6 mm. When the laminate of the invention contains two or more layers, thickness of the layers may be the same or different from each other. Further, when the layer B functions as an adhesive layer, its thickness is not specifically limited either. However, it is 0.001 to 1 μm, preferably 0.005 to 0.7 μm, and most preferably 0.01 to 0.5 μm. When the laminate of the invention contains two or more layers of layer B as an adhesive layer, thickness of the layers may be the same or different from each other. Further, thickness of each layer may be either even or uneven. Even thickness is preferable.
In the laminate of the invention, the amount of an organometallic functional group contained in the layer B is not specifically limited. Even when the organometallic functional group contained in the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer is a boron functional group, the amount of the boron functional group (based on the number of boron atoms) in the layer B is, although not specifically limited, preferably 0.1 to 1500 μeq/g, more preferably 0.5 to 700 μeq/g, and most preferably 1 to 500 μeq/g in terms of atom. When the amount of the boron functional group is less than 0.1 μeq/g, adhesion between the layer A and layer B may become insufficient. On the other hand, when the amount of the boron functional group is more than 1500 μeq/g, not only the adhesion between the layer A and layer B is not improved significantly but also the production cost of the boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer increases and the compatibility and adhesion between the boron functional group-containing olefinic polymer and the polyolefin may be reduced.
Further, when the organometallic functional group contained in the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer is a silicon atom, the amount of the silicon functional group (based on the number of silicon atoms) contained in the layer B is not specifically limited. Although not specifically limited, it is preferably 0.1 to 1500 μeq/g, more preferably 0.5 to 700 μeq/g, and most preferably 1 to 500 μeq/g in terms of atom. When the amount of the silicon functional group is less than 0.1 μeq/g, adhesion between the layer A and layer B may become insufficient. On the other hand, when the amount of the silicon functional group is more than 1500 μeq/g, not only the adhesion between the layer A and layer B is not improved significantly but also the production cost of the silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer increases and the compatibility and adhesion between the silicon functional group-containing olefinic polymer and the polyolefin may be reduced.
In the laminate of the invention, the amount of a reactive functional group contained in the layer B is not specifically limited. Even when the a reactive functional group contained in the a reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer is a carboxylic group, the amount of the carboxylic group in the layer B is, although not specifically limited, preferably 1 to 1500 μeq/g, more preferably 2 to 700 μeq/g, and most preferably 3 to 500 μeq/g in terms of atom. In the detailed description, the amount of the carboxylic group indicates a value calculated in view of the carbonyl group included in the carboxylic group. When the amount of the carboxylic group is less than 1 μeq/g, adhesion between the layer A and layer B may become insufficient. On the other hand, when the amount of the carboxylic group is more than 1500 μeq/g, not only the adhesion between the layer A and layer B is not improved significantly but also the production cost of carboxylic group-containing olefinic polymer increases and the compatibility and adhesion between the carboxylic group-containing olefinic polymer and the polyolefin may be reduced.
Further, when the reactive functional group contained in the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer is an epoxy group, the amount of an epoxy group contained in the layer B is not specifically limited. However, it is preferably 1 to 1500 μeq/g, more preferably 2 to 700 μeq/g, and most preferably 3 to 500 μeq/g in the layer B. When the amount of the epoxy group is less than 1 μeq/g, adhesion between the layer A and layer B may become insufficient. On the other hand, when the amount of the epoxy group is more than 1500 μeq/g, not only the adhesion between the layer A and layer B is not improved significantly but also the production cost of the epoxy group-containing olefinic polymer increases and the compatibility and adhesion between the epoxy group-containing olefinic polymer and the polyolefin may be reduced.
The method for producing the laminate of the invention is not specifically limited, and it can be produced by a known method like coextrusion molding, multilayer injection molding, and dry lamination. For example, for a laminate having a constitution in which the layer A and layer B are laminated on each other, it is preferably produced by coextrusion molding, and it can be carried out by lamination inside a die in which components of each layer are brought into contact with each other inside a die or lamination outside a die in which they are brought into contact with each other outside a die. The extrusion temperature can be appropriately selected, but is 150 to 300° C., or preferably 180 to 250° C. For a case of a laminate having a constitution in which the layer A and layer C are laminated on each other via the layer B, it can be produced by preparing in advance the layer A and/or the layer C by extrusion molding or the like, forming the layer B on the surface of the layer A and/or the layer C by casting or the like, and performing dry lamination of the layers.
The mass ratio of (the polyolefin)/(the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer) of the composition B used in the laminate of the invention is 0/100 to 99.95/0.05. The ratio can be appropriately selected depending on type of the polyolefin or the types of the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer, and various physical properties required for the laminate to be obtained. However, as described in the following examples, even when the addition amount of the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer is very small in the composition B, high adhesion is exhibited. Thus, the use amount of an organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer, which is generally expensive than polyolefins and has a possibility of reducing the transparency of the layer B, can be reduced, and therefore desirable. Further, the mass ratio of (the polyolefin)/(the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer) of the composition B used in the laminate of the invention is 0/100 to 99.9/0.1, and the ratio can be appropriately selected depending on type of the polyolefin or the types of the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer, and various physical properties required for the laminate to be obtained. However, as described in the following examples, even when the addition amount of the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer is very small in the composition B, high adhesion is exhibited.
Transparency of the laminate of the invention is not specifically limited. However, when the haze of a laminated glass obtained by inserting the laminate of the invention between two glass plates is used as an indicator, the transparency is preferably 5% or less, more preferably 3% or less, and still more preferably 1% or less.
The laminate of the invention is preferably used as an intermediate film of a laminated glass. Herein below, it is explained in greater detail. When the laminate of the invention is used as an intermediate film of a laminated glass, the glass used therefor is not specifically limited, and examples of the glass that can be used include an inorganic glass like a float plate glass, a polished plate glass, a figure plate glass, a wire mesh plate glass, and a heat-absorbing plate glass and a known organic glass. They can be colorless or colored, and also transparent or opaque. The glass may be used either singly or in combination of two or more. Further, although not specifically limited, the thickness of the glass is preferably 100 mm or less.
When the laminate of the invention is used as an intermediate film of a laminated glass, constitution of the laminate is not specifically limited if it is not against the main spirit of the invention. However, it is preferable that a suitable layer having adhesiveness with a glass is present on the outermost layer of the laminate of the invention. In particular, when an inorganic glass is used as a glass, the outermost layer is preferably the layer A having excellent adhesiveness with a glass. Examples of the laminate of the invention in which the outermost layer is the layer A include layer A/layer B/layer A and layer A/layer B/layer C/layer B/layer A.
When the laminate of the invention is used as an intermediate film of a laminated glass, shape of the outermost layer of the laminate is not specifically limited. However, considering the handlability (foamability) at the time of laminating with a glass, a laminate having a concave/convex structure formed on the outermost surface of the laminate by a known method like meltfracture and embossing is preferable.
Further, as used as a filler for a solar cell module, the laminate of the invention is preferably used in a field in which a vibration damping property is required, in particular, a building integrated photovoltaic solar cell like BIPV. It is explained herein below.
The type of the solar cell used for the solar cell module of the invention is not specifically limited. Examples thereof include a crystal type like monocrystal silicone and polycrystal silicone, a thin film silicone type like amorphous silicone and a laminate of amorphous silicone and a polycrystal thin film, a thin film type like a chemical semi-conductor type using CIS, CIGS, CdTe, or GaAs, and an organic solar cell type.
When the solar cell used in the solar cell module of the invention is a crystal type, a constitution shown in
Further, when the solar cell used in the solar cell module of the invention is a thin film type, a constitution shown in
The glass used in the invention is not specifically limited, and examples of the glass that can be used include an inorganic glass like a float plate glass, a polished plate glass, a figure plate glass, a wire mesh plate glass, and a heat-absorbing plate glass and a known organic glass. Further, the back sheet is not specifically limited either, but those having excellent weatherability and low water permeability are preferably used. For example, a polyester film, a fluoro-resin film, a laminate thereof, and the film laminated with an inorganic film can be used.
The solar cell module of the invention can be further combined with a known frame, a junction box, a sealing material, an attached jig and board, an anti-reflection film, various facilities using solar energy, a gutter structure, or the like.
The laminated glass and the solar cell module of the invention can be produced according to a conventionally known method, and examples include a method of using a vacuum laminator, a method of using a vacuum bag, a method of using a vacuum ring, and a method of using nip roll. Further, a method of introducing to an autoclave process after pre-compression can be also carried out.
When a vacuum laminator is used, the lamination is carried out by using a known apparatus used for production of a solar cell under the reduced pressure of 1 to 30000 Pa, and temperature of 100 to 200° C., in particular 130 to 160° C. Further, the method of using a vacuum bag or a vacuum ring is described in the detailed description of European Patent No. 1 235 683, and the lamination is carried out under the pressure of about 20000 Pa, and temperature of 130 to 145° C., for example.
When a nip roll is used, a method of carrying out the first pre-compression at the temperature lower than the flow beginning temperature of the plasticized polyvinyl acetal resin and an additional pre-compression at the temperature close to the flow beginning temperature can be mentioned. For example, it is heated to 30 to 70° C. by using an infrared heater or the like, released from the roll, further heated to 50 to 120° C., and compressed with a roll for adhesion or pre-adhesion.
The autoclave process which is additionally carried out after the pre-compression is carried out, for example, under the pressure of about 1 to 1.5 MPa, at the temperature of 130 to 145° C. for 0.5 to 2 hours, although it may vary depending on thickness and constitution of a module and a laminated glass.
Herein below, the invention is explained in greater detailed in view of the examples, but the invention is not limited to them. Further, as used in the following examples, the term “%” and “parts” means “% by mass” and “parts by mass”, respectively, unless specifically described otherwise.
Polyolefin-1,2,4,8,9, organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1,2,4, and reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1,3 are measured by 1H-NMR spectrum using deuterated chloroform as a solvent, polyolefin-3, organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-3, and, reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-2,4 are measured by 1H-NMR spectrum using deuterated paraxylene as a solvent. Amount of the carbon-carbon double bond is calculated for each polyolefin, amount of the organometallic functional group is calculated for the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer, and amount of the reactive functional group is calculated for the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer.
Weight average molecular weight of polyolefin-1,2,4,8,9, organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1,2,4, and reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1,3 was measured by GPC measurement using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent, and weight average molecular weight of polyolefin-3, organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-3, and reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-2,4 was measured by GPC measurement using ortho dichlorobenzene as a solvent in view of polystyrene as a standard. Herein below, condition for GPC measurement is described.
Apparatus: SYSTEM 11 (manufactured by Showa Denko K.K.)
Column: two columns of MIXED-C (manufactured by Polymer Laboratories, Ltd.)
Mobile phase: tetrahydrofuran or ortho dichlorobenzene
Flow amount: 1.0 mL/min
Injection amount: 100 μL
Standards: polystyrene (manufactured by Polymer Laboratories, Ltd.)
To a 200 L pressure resistant vessel flushed with dry nitrogen, 60 kg of cyclohexane and 35 g of sec-butyl lithium as a polymerization initiator were added followed by addition of 2.9 kg of styrene. After polymerization at 50 to 52° C., 0.17 kg of THF was added and 26.2 kg of butadiene and 2.9 kg of styrene were added in order for polymerization. As a result, a styrene-butadiene-styrene type block copolymer was obtained. The block copolymer obtained was hydrogenated by using Pd/C (palladium carbon) in cyclohexane with hydrogen pressure of 2 MPa and reaction temperature of 100° C. to obtain the carbon-carbon double bond-containing block copolymer (polyolefin-1). The polyolefin-1 obtained has a weight average molecular weight of 100,400, styrene content of 18% by mass, and hydrogenation ratio of 97 mol % (content of the carbon-carbon double bond: 450 μeq/g). The results are shown in the Table 1.
To a 200 L pressure resistant vessel flushed with dry nitrogen, 60 kg of cyclohexane and 16.6 g of sec-butyl lithium as a polymerization initiator were added followed by addition of 1.45 kg of styrene. After polymerization at 50 to 52° C., 0.48 kg of THF was added and 13.8 kg of isoprene and 1.45 kg of styrene were added in order for polymerization. As a result, a styrene-isoprene-styrene type block copolymer was obtained. The block copolymer obtained was hydrogenated by using Pd/C in cyclohexane with hydrogen pressure of 2 MPa and reaction temperature of 100° C. to obtain the carbon-carbon double bond-containing block copolymer (polyolefin-2). The polyolefin-2 obtained has a weight average molecular weight of 83,000, styrene content of 16% by mass, and hydrogenation ratio of 92 mol % (content of the carbon-carbon double bond: 1,000 μeq/g). The results are shown in the Table 1.
To a separable flask, 200 g of ultra low density polyethylene having weight average molecular weight of 230,000 was added and heated for 30 min at 250° C. under vacuum. The temperature was further increased to 340° C. and heated for 2 hours to obtain the ultra low density polyethylene having carbon-carbon double bond in the terminal (polyolefin-3). The polyolefin-3 obtained has a weight average molecular weight of 80,000 and the content of the carbon-carbon double bond was 60 μeq/g. The results are shown in the Table 1.
The carbon-carbon double bond-containing block copolymer (polyolefin-4) was obtained in the same manner as the Synthetic example 1 except that the reaction time for hydrogenation is extended and the hydrogenation ratio is 99 mol % (content of the carbon-carbon double bond: 150 μeq/g). The results are shown in the Table 1.
The polyolefin-1 synthesized from the Synthetic example 1 was supplied to a bi-axial extruder at the rate of 7 kg/hour while the inlet was flushed with nitrogen. Thereafter, a 29/71 (mass ratio) mixture liquid of borane-triethylamine complex and 1,3-butane diol borate ester was supplied at the rate of 0.6 kg/hour via the liquid feeder 1 and 1,3-butane diol was supplied at the rate of 0.4 kg/hour via the liquid feeder 2 and then continuously kneaded. During the kneading, the pressure was controlled so that the gauge of the vent 1 and the vent 2 is about 20 mmHg. As a result, the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1 (organometallic functional group: 1,3-butane diol borate ester group) was yielded from the discharger at the rate of 7 kg/hour. The results are shown in the Table 2.
Meanwhile, constitution and operation condition of the bi-axial extruder used for the reaction are as follows.
Unidirectional biaxial extruder TEM-35B (manufactured by Toshiba machine)
Screw diameter: 37 mmφ
L/D: 52 (15 block)
Liquid feeder: C3 (liquid feeder 1), C11 (liquid feeder 2)
Vent position: C6, C14
Screw constitution: seal ring is used between C5 and C6, C10 and C1, and C 12 position
Temperature setting:
The polyolefin-2 synthesized from the Synthetic example 2 was supplied to a bi-axial extruder at the rate of 6 kg/hour while the inlet was flushed with nitrogen. Thereafter, a 29/71 (mass ratio) mixture liquid of borane-triethylamine complex and 1,3-butane diol borate ester was supplied at the rate of 1.2 kg/hour via the liquid feeder 1 and propylene glycol was supplied at the rate of 0.6 kg/hour via the liquid feeder 2 and then continuously kneaded. During the kneading, the pressure was controlled so that the gauge of the vent 1 and the vent 2 is about 20 mmHg. As a result, the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-2 (organometallic functional group: mixture of a 1,3-butane diol borate ester group and a boronic acid propylene glycol ester group) was yielded from the discharger at the rate of 6 kg/hour. The results are shown in the Table 2. Meanwhile, the constitution and operation condition of the bi-axial extruder used for the reaction are the same as those of the Synthetic example 5.
To a separable flask equipped with a condenser, 30 g of the polyolefin-3 obtained from the Synthetic example 3, 300 mg of a borane-pyridine complex, 2.25 g of tributyl borate, and 50 g of decalin were added and flushed with nitrogen followed by reaction for 3 hours at 190° C. After cooling to room temperature, the gel type polyethylene obtained was washed well with a mixture solvent of methanol and acetone (1:1), and further washed with a mixture solvent of acetone and water (1:1) followed by drying to obtain the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-3 (organometallic functional group: boronic acid group). The results are shown in the Table 2.
To a 200 L pressure resistant vessel flushed with dry nitrogen, 60 kg of cyclohexane, 3 kg of styrene and 9 g of sec-butyl lithium were added and reacted at 50° C. Then, after increasing the temperature to 70° C., 5.9 kg of 1,3-butadiene was added and 30 minutes later 3 kg of styrene was added. When the reaction is completed, 0.12 kg of 1,3-butadiene was added for further reaction and 41 g of methyl triphenoxysilane was added and reacted for 30 min. After the reaction, the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature, collected from the reaction vessel, and added to water. The solvent was then removed by vapor distillation to obtain the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-4 (organometallic functional group: methyl diphenoxysilyl group). The results are shown in the Table 2.
To a 10 L (liter) glass vessel equipped with a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and an anchor type stirring wing, 8100 g of ion exchange water and 660 g of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA-1) (viscosity average degree of polymerization: 1700, saponification degree: 99 mol %) (PVA concentration: 7.5%) and completely dissolved by increasing the temperature to 95° C. Then, under stirring at 120 rpm, the mixture was gradually cooled to 5° C. over about 30 min and added with 384 g of butyraldehyde and 540 mL of 20% hydrochloric acid for performing the butyralization for 150 min. The temperature was increased to 50° C. for 60 min, maintained at 50° C. for 120 min, and then cooled to room temperature. The precipitated resin was washed with ion exchange water, added with an excess amount of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, washed again, and dried to obtain polyvinyl butyral (PVB-1). The PVB-1 obtained has butyralization degree (average acetalation degree) of 69 mol %, vinyl acetate group content of 1 mol %, and vinyl alcohol group content of 30 mol %. The butyralization degree of PVB-1 and the content of residual vinyl acetate group were measured according to JIS K6728.
40 g of PVB-1, 16 g of polyester diol (a copolymer containing adipic acid and an excess amount of 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol compared to adipic acid, number average molecular weight based on hydroxy value=500), 0.12 g of 2-(3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 0.04 g of potassium acetate, and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol were melt-kneaded by a laboplast mill (150° C., 60 rpm, 5 min) to obtain the Composition A-1. The results are shown in the Table 3.
40 g of PVB-1 and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol were melt-kneaded by a laboplast mill (180° C., 60 rpm, 5 min) to obtain the Composition A-2. The results are shown in the Table 3.
The Composition A-3 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition A-1 except that triethylene glycol di 2-ethylhexanoate is used instead of polyester diol. The results are shown in the Table 3.
40 g of polyolefin-4, 0.4 g of the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1, and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol were melt-kneaded by a laboplast mill (200° C., 60 rpm, 5 min) to obtain the Composition B-1. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-1 was 2.1 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-2 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-1 except that the amount of organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1 used was changed to 1.2 g. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-2 was 6.1 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-3 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-1 except that the amount of organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1 used was changed to 4 g. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-3 was 19 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-4 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-1 except that the amount of organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1 used was changed to 0.04 g. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-4 was 0.21 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-5 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-1 except that the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-2 was used instead of the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-5 was 6.2 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-6 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-5 except that the amount of organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-2 used was changed to 1.2 g. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-6 was 18 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-7 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-5 except that the amount of organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-2 used was changed to 4 g. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-7 was 57 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-8 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-6 except that polypropylene (manufactured by Japan Polypropylene Corporation, Novatec PP) was used instead of the polyolefin-4. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-8 was 18 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-9 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-2 except that the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-3 was used instead of the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-9 was 1.0 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-10 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-9 except that polypropylene (manufactured by Japan Polypropylene Corporation, Novatec PP) was used instead of the polyolefin-4. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-10 was 1.0 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-11 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-3 except that the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-4 was used instead of the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-11 was 1.5 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
40 g of organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-2 and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol were melt-kneaded by a laboplast mill (200° C., 60 rpm, 5 min) to obtain the Composition B-12. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-12 was 630 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-13 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-1 except that the amount of the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1 used was changed to 0.004 g. The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-13 was 0.021 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-14 was obtained by melt-kneading 40 g of polyolefin-5 (polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene tri-block copolymer (polyisoprene part is completely hydrogenated), total content of polystyrene part=12%, glass transition temperature=−32° C., tan δ peak temperature=−17° C., MFR value (ASTM D1238, load of 2.16 kg) is 0.5 g/10 min at 190° C., tan δ at −20° C.=1.0, tan δ at 0° C.=0.8, tan δ at 20° C.=0.3), 0.4 g of organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1, and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol by using a laboplast mill (200° C., 60 rpm, 5 min). The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-14 was 2.1 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-15 was obtained by melt-kneading 40 g of polyolefin-6 (polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene tri-block copolymer (polyisoprene part is completely hydrogenated), total content of polystyrene part=22%, glass transition temperature=−12° C., tan δ peak temperature=−5° C., MFR value (ASTM D1238, load of 2.16 kg) is 0.7 g/10 min at 190° C., tan δ at −20° C.=0.15, tan δ at 0° C.=1.05, tan δ at 20° C.=0.4), 0.4 g of organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1, and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol by using a laboplast mill (200° C., 60 rpm, 5 min). The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-15 was 2.1 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
The Composition B-16 was obtained by melt-kneading 40 g of polyolefin-7 (polystyrene-polyisoprene-polystyrene tri-block copolymer (polyisoprene part is not hydrogenated), total content of polystyrene part=20%, glass transition temperature=−12° C., tan δ peak temperature=−1° C., MFR value (ASTM D1238, load of 2.16 kg) is 3.8 g/10 min at 190° C., tan δ at −20° C.=0.08, tan δ at 0° C.=1.05, tan δ at 20° C.=0.9), 0.4 g of organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1, and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol by using a laboplast mill (200° C., 60 rpm, 5 min). The amount of the organometallic functional group in the Composition B-16 was 2.1 μeq/g in terms of boron atom. The results are shown in the Table 4.
40 g of polyolefin-4 and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol were melt-kneaded by using a laboplast mill (200° C., 60 rpm, 5 min) to obtain the Composition C-1.
A film obtained by hot press (150° C., 12 kg/cm2, 30 min) of the Composition A-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×1 mm frame (film A-1) and a film obtained by hot press (200° C., 12 kg/cm2, 5 min) of the Composition B-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×1 mm frame (film B-1) were overlaid with each other and subjected to heat treatment at 135° C. for 30 min under the pressure of 12 kg/cm2 to obtain the laminate-1 (layer A/layer B).
The laminate-1 was cut to a rectangle with a size of 1 cm×10 cm and dried/wetted overnight at 23° C., 50% RH. The rectangle was subjected to peeling so that the layer A and the layer B are separated from each other 2 cm from the end of the long side of the rectangle, 180° peeling test was performed five times with a rate of 100 mm/min by using an autograph (trade name: AG-IS, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and an average value of the five measurements of interlayer adhesion was obtained. The measurement results are shown in the Table 5.
The laminate was produced in the same manner as the Example 1 except that each of the Composition B-2 to 12 was used instead of the Composition B-1 and subjected to the same evaluation as the Example 1. The measurement results are shown in the Table 5.
The laminate was produced in the same manner as the Example 1 except that each of the Composition A-2 or 3 was used instead of the Composition A-1 and subjected to the same evaluation as the Example 1. The measurement results are shown in the Table 5.
A film obtained by hot press (150° C., 12 kg/cm2, 30 min) of the Composition A-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×1 mm frame (film A-1) and coating of a toluene solution (1 wt %) of the Composition B-1 on one surface of the film A-1 by using an applicator (thickness of the coated solution: 10 μm) and a film obtained by hot press (200° C., 12 kg/cm2, 5 min) of the Composition C-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×1 mm frame (film C-1) were overlaid with each other so that the surface coated with the Composition B-1 is in contact with the film C-1, and then subjected to heat treatment at 135° C. for 30 min under the pressure of 12 kg/cm2 to obtain the laminate-15 (layer A/layer B/layer C).
The laminate-15 was cut to a rectangle with a size of 1 cm×10 cm and dried/wetted overnight at 23° C., 50% RH. The rectangle was subjected to peeling so that the layer A and the layer C are separated from each other 2 cm from the end of the long side of the rectangle, 180° peeling test was performed five times with a rate of 100 mm/min by using an autograph (trade name: AG-IS, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and an average value of the five measurements of interlayer adhesion was obtained. The measurement results are shown in the Table 5.
Two sheets of the film obtained by hot press (150° C., 12 kg/cm2, min) of the Composition A-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×0.4 mm frame (film A-1′) and a film obtained by hot press (200° C., 12 kg/cm2, 5 min) of the Composition B-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×0.2 mm frame (film B-1′) were overlaid in the order of A-1′/B-1′/A-1′ and subjected to heat treatment at 135° C. for 30 min under the pressure of 12 kg/cm2 to obtain the laminate-16 (layer A/layer B/layer A).
The laminate-16 and two sheets of a float plate glass (10 cm×10 cm×2 mm) were overlaid in the order of float plate glass/laminate-16/float plate glass and deaerated at 50° C. using a nip roll. After performing the adhesion in an autoclave (140° C., 12 bar, 2 hours), the laminated glass-16 was obtained. By using a haze meter manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd., haze of the laminated glass was evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in the Table 5.
Two sheets of the film obtained by hot press (150° C., 12 kg/cm2, 30 min) of the Composition A-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×0.4 mm frame (film A-1′) and coating of a toluene solution (1 wt %) of the Composition B-1 on one surface of the film A-1′ by using an applicator (thickness of the coated solution: 10 μm) and a sheet of a film obtained by hot press (200° C., 12 kg/cm2, 5 min) of the Composition C-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×0.2 mm frame (film C-1) were overlaid with one another in the order of A-1′/C-1/A-1′ and also the surface coated with the Composition B-1 is in contact with the film C-1, and then subjected to heat treatment at 135° C. for 30 min under the pressure of 12 kg/cm2 to obtain the laminate-17 (layer A/layer B/layer C/layer B/layer A).
A laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as the Example 16 except that the laminate-17 was used instead of the laminate-16 and subjected to haze measurement. The results are shown in the Table 5.
The laminate was produced in the same manner as the Example 1 except that each of the Composition B-14 to 16 was used instead of the Composition B-1 and subjected to the same evaluation as the Example 1. The measurement results are shown in the Table 5.
The laminate was produced in the same manner as the Example 1 except that the Composition C-1 was used instead of the Composition B-1 and subjected to the same evaluation as the Example 1. The measurement results are shown in the Table 5.
The laminate was produced in the same manner as the Example 1 except that the Composition B-13 was used instead of the Composition B-1 and subjected to the same evaluation as the Example 1. The measurement results are shown in the Table 5.
To a 200 L pressure resistant vessel flushed with dry nitrogen, 60 kg of cyclohexane and 15.6 g of sec-butyl lithium as a polymerization initiator were added followed by addition of 1.45 kg of styrene. After polymerization at 50 to 52° C., 0.48 kg of THF was added and 13.8 kg of isoprene and 1.45 kg of styrene were added in order for polymerization. As a result, a styrene-isoprene-styrene type block copolymer was obtained. The block copolymer obtained was hydrogenated by using Pd/C in cyclohexane with hydrogen pressure of 2 MPa and reaction temperature of 100° C. to obtain the carbon-carbon double bond-containing block copolymer (polyolefin-8). The polyolefin-8 obtained has a weight average molecular weight of 87,000, styrene content of 16% by mass, and hydrogenation ratio of 98 mol % (content of the carbon-carbon double bond: 250 μeq/g). The results are shown in the Table 6.
The polyolefin-9 was obtained in the same manner as the Synthetic example 9 except that the reaction time for hydrogenation is extended and the hydrogenation ratio is 99% (content of the carbon-carbon double bond: 125 μeq/g). The results are shown in the Table 6.
To a separable flask, 200 g of the polyolefin-8 obtained from the Synthetic example 9, 20 g of maleic anhydride, 1000 g of xylene, and 0.5 g of dicumyl peroxide were added, flushed with nitrogen, and reacted for 2 hours at 130° C. Thereafter, by sufficient washing with acetone, unreacted maleic anhydride and byproducts were removed. After drying, the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1 wherein the amount of carboxylic anhydride group is 200 μeq/g was obtained. The results are shown in the Table 7.
The reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-2 wherein the amount of carboxylic anhydride group is 50 μeq/g was obtained in the same manner as the Synthetic example 11 except that the polymer-3 is used instead of the polyolefin-8. The results are shown in the Table 7.
To a separable flask, 20 g of the polyolefin-8 obtained from the Synthetic example 9 and 100 g of 1% methylene chloride solution of m-chloro perbenzoic acid were added and reacted for 1 day at room temperature. Thereafter, by sufficient washing with acetone and drying, the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-3 wherein the amount of epoxy group is 80 μeq/g was obtained. The results are shown in the Table 7.
The reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-4 wherein the amount of epoxy group is 37μeq/g was obtained in the same manner as the Synthetic example 13 except that the polymer-3 is used instead of the polyolefin-8. The results are shown in the Table 7.
40 g of polyolefin-9, 0.8 g of reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1, and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol were melt-kneaded by using a laboplast mill (200° C., 60 rpm, 5 min) to obtain the Composition B-17. The results are shown in the Table 8.
The Composition B-18 and B-19 were obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-17 except that the amount of the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1 is changed to 2 g and 4 g, respectively. The results are shown in the Table 8.
The Composition B-20 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-18 except that the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-2 was used instead of the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1. The results are shown in the Table 8.
The Composition B-21 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-20 except that polypropylene (manufactured by Japan Polypropylene Corporation, Novatec PP) was used instead of the polyolefin-9. The results are shown in the Table 8.
The Composition B-22 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-17 except that the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-3 was used instead of the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1. The results are shown in the Table 8.
The Composition B-23 and B-24 were obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-22 except that the amount of the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-3 is changed to 2 g and 4 g, respectively. The results are shown in the Table 8.
The Composition B-25 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-18 except that the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-4 was used instead of the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1. The results are shown in the Table 8.
The Composition B-26 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-23 except that polypropylene (manufactured by Japan Polypropylene Corporation, Novatec PP) was used instead of the polyolefin-9. The results are shown in the Table 8.
40 g of reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1 and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol were melt-kneaded by using a laboplast mill (200° C., 60 rpm, 5 min) to obtain the Composition B-27. The results are shown in the Table 8.
The Composition B-28 was obtained in the same manner as the Composition B-17 except that the amount of the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer-1 is changed to 0.04 g. The results are shown in the Table 8.
40 g of polyolefin-9 and 0.05 g of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol were melt-kneaded by using a laboplast mill (200° C., 60 rpm, 5 min) to obtain the Composition C-2.
A film obtained by hot press (150° C., 12 kg/cm2, 30 min) of a film of the Composition A-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×1 mm frame (film A-1) and a film obtained by hot press (200° C., 12 kg/cm2, 5 min) of the Composition B-17 in a 10 cm×10 cm×1 mm frame (film B-1) were overlaid with each other and subjected to heat treatment at 135° C. for 30 min under the pressure of 12 kg/cm2 to obtain the laminate-21 (layer A/layer B).
The laminate-21 was cut to a rectangle with a size of 1 cm×10 cm and dried/wetted overnight at 23° C., 50% RH. The rectangle was subjected to peeling so that the layer A and the layer B are separated from each other 2 cm from the end of the long side of the rectangle, 180° peeling test was performed five times with a rate of 100 mm/min by using an autograph (trade name: AG-IS, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and an average value of the five measurements of interlayer adhesion was obtained. The measurement results are shown in the Table 9.
The laminate was produced in the same manner as the Example 21 except that each of the Composition B-18 to 27 was used instead of the Composition B-17 and subjected to the same evaluation as the Example 21. The measurement results are shown in the Table 9.
The laminate was produced in the same manner as the Example 21 except that each of the Composition A-2 or A-3 was used instead of the Composition A-1 and subjected to the same evaluation as the Example 21. The measurement results are shown in the Table 9.
A film obtained by hot press (150° C., 12 kg/cm2, 30 min) of the Composition A-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×1 mm frame (film A-1) and coating of a toluene solution (1 wt %) of the Composition B-17 on one surface of the film A-1 by using an applicator (thickness of the coated solution: 10 μm) and a film obtained by hot press (200° C., 12 kg/cm2, 5 min) of the Composition C-2 in a 10 cm×10 cm×1 mm frame (film C-2) were overlaid with each other so that the surface coated with the Composition B-17 is in contact with the film C-2, and then subjected to heat treatment at 135° C. for 30 min under the pressure of 12 kg/cm2 to obtain the laminate-34 (layer A/layer B/layer C).
The laminate-34 was cut to a rectangle with a size of 1 cm×10 cm and dried/wetted overnight at 23° C., 50% RH. The rectangle was subjected to peeling so that the layer A and the layer C are separated from each other 2 cm from the end of the long side of the rectangle, 180° peeling test was performed five times with a rate of 100 mm/min by using an autograph (trade name: AG-IS, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation), and an average value of the five measurements of interlayer adhesion was obtained. The measurement results are shown in the Table 9.
Two sheets of the film obtained by hot press (150° C., 12 kg/cm2, 30 min) of the Composition A-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×0.4 mm frame (film A-1′) and a film obtained by hot press (200° C., 12 kg/cm2, 5 min) of the Composition B-17 in a 10 cm×10 cm×0.2 mm frame (film B-17′) were overlaid in the order of (film A-1′)/(film B-17′)/(film A-1′) and subjected to heat treatment at 135° C. for 30 min under the pressure of 12 kg/cm2 to obtain the laminate-35 (layer A/layer B/layer A).
The laminate-35 and two sheets of a float plate glass (10 cm×10 cm×2 mm) were overlaid in the order of (float plate glass)/(laminate-35)/(float plate glass) and deaerated at 50° C. using a nip roll. After performing the adhesion in an autoclave (140° C., 12 bar, 2 hours), the laminated glass-15 was obtained. By using a haze meter manufactured by Suga Test Instruments Co., Ltd., haze of the laminated glass was evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in the Table 9.
Two sheets of a film obtained by hot press (150° C., 12 kg/cm2, 30 min) of the Composition A-1 in a 10 cm×10 cm×0.4 mm frame (film A-1′) and coating of a toluene solution (1 wt %) of the Composition B-17 on one surface of the film A-1′ by using an applicator (thickness of the coated solution: 10 μm) and a sheet of a film obtained by hot press (200° C., 12 kg/cm2, 5 min) of the Composition C-2 in a 10 cm×10 cm×0.2 mm frame (film B-17′) were overlaid with one another in the order of (film A-1′)/(film B-17′)/(film A-1′) and also the surface coated with the Composition B-17 is in contact with the film B-17′, and then subjected to heat treatment at 135° C. for 30 min under the pressure of 12 kg/cm2 to obtain the laminate-36 ((layer A/layer B/layer C/layer B/layer A).
A laminated glass was obtained in the same manner as the Example 35 except that the laminate-36 was used instead of the laminate-35 and subjected to haze measurement. The results are shown in the Table 9.
The laminate was produced in the same manner as the Example 21 except that each of the Composition C-2 was used instead of the Composition B-17 and subjected to the same evaluation as the Example 21. The measurement results are shown in the Table 9.
The laminate was produced in the same manner as the Example 21 except that each of the Composition B-28 was used instead of the Composition B-17 and subjected to the same evaluation as the Example 21. The measurement results are shown in the Table 9.
According to the laminate of the invention, a silicon or a boron in the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer which is contained as an essential component in the composition B may react with the hydroxy group contained in the polyvinyl acetal to form a covalent bond, or may form a strong hydrogen bond with the hydroxy group contained in the polyvinyl acetal, and also since the organometallic functional group-containing olefinic polymer mostly consists of a polymer of a hydrocarbon monomer, it can be adhered or used together with polyolefin which has relatively similar molecular polarity. Further, according to the laminate of the invention, at least one group selected from a carboxyl group, a derivative group of a carboxyl group, and an epoxy group in the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer which is contained as an essential component in the composition B may react with the hydroxy group contained in the polyvinyl acetal to form a covalent bond, and also since the reactive functional group-containing olefinic polymer mostly consists of a polymer of a hydrocarbon monomer, it can be adhered or used together with polyolefin which has relatively similar molecular polarity.
Accordingly, a laminate which is obtained by laminating a layer A that comprises a composition A and a layer B that comprises a composition B or a laminate which is obtained by laminating a layer A and a layer C that comprises a composition C via a layer B that comprises a composition B has excellent interlayer adhesion between the layer A and the layer B or the layer A and layer C, and the laminates are particularly preferably used for an intermediate film of a laminated glass.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009-185101 | Aug 2009 | JP | national |
| 2009-185102 | Aug 2009 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2010/063206 | 8/4/2010 | WO | 00 | 4/23/2012 |
