This invention relates generally to a new type of waterwheel used in a system for generating useful work. Use waterwheel may be located above a water reservoir with a water pump that delivers water from the reservoir to a discharge manifold which discharges water to the waterwheel at an elevated location, whereby the waterwheel powers a drive shaft that is connected to a load. The waterwheel may also be pontoon mounted or barge mounted on a body of moving water.
Due to the limitations of non-renewable energy sources, such as oil and coal, as well as the negative environmental effects of such energy sources, a need exists for the provision of alternative energy conversion and transfer systems. At the present time, there is increasing interest in renewable energy sources such as water based, solar, wind, wave and tidal power.
The tremendous growth in renewable energy over the past several years is well documented and the rate of growth continues to increase each year. With worldwide awareness of the negative environmental impacts of fossil fuels on our global environment, growth in the use of “green” or renewable energy appears to be constrained only by the ability to produce and deliver it at an economic price. Wind power, for example, has now entered the mainstream and has been the fastest growing segment of the energy industry over the last several years. Despite the current movement supporting renewable energy sources, many legislators and policy-makers are attempting to meet these demands through projects which relate solely to wind and solar power generation, and do not address renewable energy produced from water.
Water engines or water powered motors are thermodynamic engines for converting the pressure and weight of water into work and have been widely recognized as efficient source of power. Examples include water turbines for generating electricity, and waterwheels for operating belts and drive shafts to turn machinery. In the case of the waterwheel, water from, for example, a canal, reservoir or other natural waterway is typically used to fill a series of receptacles formed between a series of blades or vanes of a wheel-like structure. Imbalance resulting from the fill causes the wheel to rotate about its drive shaft, generating rotational force which may be coupled to other devices. The water is drained from the receptacles at a low point of rotation.
In one form of the present invention, a waterwheel is carried within a land based frame in an upright manner. The waterwheel has a plurality of water receiving elements in the form of troughs for turning the waterwheel in response to a discharge of water against the troughs.
In another form of the invention, the water wheel is barge or pontoon mounted on a river or stream or other moving body of water.
One particular object of the present invention is thus to provide a water wheel energy system that can be pontoon mounted or barge mounted on a body of moving water which can produce useful work.
Another object of the invention is to provide such a system which can be moved from one location to another.
Another object of the invention is to provide a waterwheel system with an improved waterwheel which more efficiently generates useful work than was possible with the known prior art devices.
Another object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive power generating system that can be easily set up along a river or stream to harness the natural flow of water for generating electric power on a relatively small scale.
Another object of the invention is to provide such a power generating system that can be operated without the need for highly trained staff and technicians to constantly maintain and support the associated equipment.
The foregoing objects of the invention are met through the water driven system of the invention. In one form of the system of the invention, the water source whose power is harnessed to produce useful work is self-contained. The system has a number of operable components which are mounted on a frame which serves as an enclosure for components of the system. A waterwheel is carried within the frame in an upright manner and has a plurality of water receiving elements for turning the waterwheel in response to a discharge of water against the water receiving elements.
A water discharge manifold is associated with the frame having a discharge end disposed above the waterwheel in discharge alignment with the water receiving elements. A water collection reservoir is disposed below the waterwheel and integral with the frame for the collection of water which has been discharged from the manifold and received by the water receiving elements. A water pump or pumps are also provided for pumping water from the water collection reservoir through the water discharge manifold and out the discharge end thereof onto the water receiving elements.
The waterwheel has a pair of spaced apart wheel shaped side plates each having an exterior surface and an interior surface, and wherein each of the side plates has an axle shaft welded thereon at a right angle to the exterior surface at a central location on each of the side plates, the axle shafts each being mounted in a bearing structure on the frame for rotational movement with respect to the frame. The rotational movement of the axle shafts is used to provide useful work, e.g., to drive an electrical generator for generating electrical power.
The water receiving elements of the waterwheel can comprise a series of bucket shaped troughs which are welded between the two side plates. The water pumps which move water from the reservoir to the discharge manifold can be driven by an associated external power source selected from the group consisting of natural gas, solar power, propane, or the like.
Although the water driven system as has been described may be mounted on the frame and directly driven by one of the axle shafts of the waterwheel, in some versions of the invention, the frame will also have mounted thereon a hydraulic pump, driven by the waterwheel axle shaft, which is used to drive a hydraulic motor, the hydraulic motor, in turn, being used to drive the electrical generator for generating electrical power. The hydraulic pump and motor may be combined in one unit. The hydraulic motor/pump and electrical generator might even sit beside the frame, or at another more spaced-apart location. In some cases, it may be desirable to have a torque multiplier for the output shaft of the waterwheel to increase the rpm output. This might comprise a suitable gear, sprocket or pulley multiplier type system, such as a gear box located between a selected one of the axle shafts of the waterwheel and the hydraulic pump/motor for creating an increased rpm output for driving the hydraulic pump/motor.
The frame can be a portable skid winch allows the system to be moved from one location to another. In some cases, the frame will be located on land at a distant location from any natural water source.
In another version of the water driven system of the invention, the work generating components of the system are mounted on a floating structure, such as a pontoon or barge. This system is not “self-contained” as in the first described version of the invention. Rather, it depends upon the motive force of a moving body of water to provide the momentum for turning the waterwheel. The floating support structure has a pair of spaced apart frame portions. In the case of a pontoon, the spaced apart frame portions are floating outriggers of the pontoon. At least one waterwheel is mounted between the two spaced apart frame portions. The waterwheel which is used in this version of the system is unique in design in a number of critical respects from the waterwheel as has previously been described with respect to the self-contained system, as will be described more fully in the detailed description which follows. As before, the water wheel is mounted in an upright manner and has a plurality of spokes for turning the waterwheel in response to a flow of water against the spokes when the floating support structure is mounted on a moving body of water. Rotational movement of the axle shafts of the waterwheel is used to produce useful work.
In one preferred version of the pontoon system of the invention, the waterwheel has a series of radially arranged spokes made up by bent metal sheets. Each of the bent metal sheets has a relatively longer inner extent and a relatively shorter outer extent which is bent at an angle in the range from about 35 to 65° with respect to a line drawn perpendicular to the plane of the inner extent. The preferred angle will typically be in the range from about 40 to 50°, most preferably about 45°. Each of the spokes on the wheel can be formed, for example, by welding a longer piece of metal and a relatively shorter piece of metal along their entire length to the respective side plates of the waterwheel in the bent shape previously described. In a preferred form, the longer piece of metal makes up about two thirds of the total length of the spoke with the angled, shorter piece making up the remaining portion of the overall length. The inner, longer pieces of the bottom walls form a star shaped pattern approximately 72° apart with respect to the axis of the central shaft.
Also, in the final preferred form of the pontoon version of the invention, the spokes do not run all the way to the central shaft but rather are separated by a gap. The previously recited preferred spoke angle of 45° is also more “relaxed” than in previous versions of the waterwheel. Also, it will be apparent that mere are no “buckets” or “troughs” in this version of the device.
The pontoon version of the invention will not turn as fast as the land mounted version of the waterwheel and the entire wheel construction does not have to be as strong. Unlike the “buckets” of the land based version, the spokes of this wheel only serve to turn the wheel and do not act to hold or collect water. In fact, water can pass through the “gap” between the spokes and the central shaft. This version of the waterwheel might be constructed of a lightweight metal, such as aluminum, or even from a synthetic plastic or composite.
Because no parts extend beyond the radius of the wheel or otherwise beneath the pontoons, brush and other debris can freely pass under the pontoon boat.
Additional objects, features and advantages will be apparent from the written description which follows.
The present invention provides a water driven system for generating useful work which meets the foregoing objectives. The invention described herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting examples which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing and detailed in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processes and manufacturing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the workings of the invention. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the invention herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the invention. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claimed invention.
Turning first to
The system of the invention shown in
As has been mentioned, the water driven systems of the invention are used to produce useful work. While many such systems might be utilized in the generation of electricity, there are many other useful applications, as well. For example, the previously mentioned use of such systems to operate belts and drive shafts to turn machinery.
It is envisioned that, to produce electricity in an economical fashion, the production version of the waterwheel 23 will be quite massive in design. For example, the waterwheel itself might be 20 feet in diameter (“d” in
Returning to
A water collection reservoir 63 is disposed below the waterwheel 23 and integral with the frame 13 for the collection of water which has been discharged from the manifold 55 and received by the water receiving elements. As has been explained, imbalance resulting from filling the troughs causes the waterwheel to rotate axis of the axle shaft, with water being drained from the troughs at a low point in the rotation. In the case illustrated, the reservoir 63 is a horizontal tank having an inclined bottom wail 65.
Water collected in the reservoir 63 is re-circulated in a continuous loop through the manifold 55 and back to the waterwheel by means of one or more water pumps. The pumps 67, 69, may be identical, but may advantageously be of two different types, for example, one being electric and the other being of the centrifugal or worm screw design. The pump design will not require high pressures, but rather will need a large pumping capacity, for example 6500 gallons/minute or 390,000 gallons/hour. The pumps may be driven by an associated external power source, such as any conveniently available source of natural gas, solar power, propane or other fossil fuels. It will be necessary from time to time to make up some losses of water in the system due to evaporation and the like. This can be accomplished by having a water holding tank nearby, or using municipal or other convenient sources.
For the prototype waterwheel, the output shaft of a 50 hp electric motor was connected through a belt drive to the drive shaft of a centrifugal pump having a 6500 gpm pumping capacity. The electric motor was electronically controlled with an Eaton® SVX9000 adjustable frequency drive controller (rheostat). The important factor here is the volume of water being supplied to the wheel and not the velocity of the water being pumped.
The rotational movement of the waterwheel and corresponding movement of the axle shafts 39 can be used to produce useful work, e.g., to drive an electrical generator for generating electrical power. It is possible that a conventional electrical generator might be mounted directly on the frame and be driven by the waterwheel to generate electrical power by one of the axle shafts of the waterwheel. However, in some versions of the invention, the frame 13 will also have mounted thereon a hydraulic pump 71, driven by the waterwheel axle shaft, which is used to drive a hydraulic motor 73, the hydraulic motor, in turn, being used to drive the electrical generator 75 for generating electrical power. The hydraulic motor and pump may also be incorporated in one commercially available unit. The hydraulic motor/pump and electrical generator might even sit beside the frame, or at another more distant location. In some cases, it may be desirable to have a gear/sprocket/pulley system, such as a gear box 77 located between a selected one of the axle shafts of the waterwheel and the hydraulic motor/pump for creating an increased rpm output for driving the hydraulic motor/pump.
As briefly mentioned, in some cases, it may be desirable to have a torque multiplier for the output shaft of the waterwheel to increase the rpm output. This might comprise a suitable gear, sprocket or pulley multiplier type system, such as a gear box located between a selected one of the axle shafts of the waterwheel arid the hydraulic pump/motor for creating an increased rpm output for driving the hydraulic pump/motor.
In the prototype system, the output shaft on one side of the waterwheel goes to a 50 inch, 4 belt sheave. The 50 inch sheave goes to an 8 inch sheave mounted onto the frame. An output shaft of the 8 inch sheave carries another 50 inch, 4 belt sheave which is mounted onto the frame. The belts of the 50 inch, 4 belt sheave drive another 8 inch sheave. The output shaft of this 8 inch sheave goes to a 26 inch sheave. The belts of the 26 inch sheave drive a 5½ inch sheave, mounted on the frame. The output shaft of the 5½ inch sheave goes to the drive shaft of the hydraulic motor/pump. This example pulley/sheave arrangement transforms the 10-12 rpm rotational speed of the waterwheel to approximately 1800 rpm's at the hydraulic motor/pump drive shaft. The hydraulic motor/pump can be used to drive an electric generator in conventional fashion. The principal objective is to design a system of the type described which would drive a generator sufficient to be economically feasible; for example, to drive a 200-300 Kwatt generator of the type currently driven by wind powered sources, and the like.
The system could also be simplified, as by going from a sprocket on the main shaft to a transmission, using a chain as described. This would eliminate the pulleys and belts.
Unlike the first version of the waterwheel shown in
The water receiving elements of the improved waterwheel shown in
In other words, as shown in
Continued movement of the waterwheel about the central axis causes the respective flat metal pivot sheet to move from the closed position to the open position as water is discharged from the V-shaped trough into the water collection reservoir. The gradual filling of the respective V-shaped trough causes the waterwheel to rotate about the central axis 95 so that a second respective v-shaped trough is brought into position below the water discharge manifold 99.
It will be appreciated from
In the version of the waterwheel shown in
The axle shafts of each of the watersheds (137, 139 in
The pontoon shown in
It will be apparent from
The spokes are also bent at a more “relaxed” angle in the version of the waterwheel shown in
In one exemplary version of the device, the side plates are 4 feet in diameter and have a 2 inch central opening for a 2 inch by 6 foot solid shaft. The side plates can be, for example, ⅜ inch plate. Each spoke can be, for example, 2 feet by 4 feet.
While one preferred form of the invention uses the useful work produced by the system to generate electricity, the system is not thus limited. There are many applications in which the rotational movement of the axles of the waterwheels can be harnessed and used as a water powered motor, for example.
An invention has been shown with several advantages. The water driven system of the invention uses water as the motive force for creating useful work. One application of the work produced by the system is to generate electricity, rather than using polluting fuels such as burning fossil fuels. The water in the first version of the system is re-circulated in a continuous loop so mat only losses for evaporation need to be made up. It is not accessary that the system be located near a river or other body of water, because the design of the system is self-sufficient.
In the second version of the system of the invention, the work generating system is mounted on a floating support structure, such as a barge or pontoon which is located on a flowing body of water. It is not necessary to supplement the water supply to this version of the system, since the system is harnessing the energy of the flowing body of water passing beneath the pontoon. This system is extremely simple in design and economical to manufacture. The design of the waterwheel used in this version of the water driven system is particularly efficient in converting the energy of the moving water to useful work.
This system of the invention thus provides a relatively inexpensive power generating system that can easily be set up on a bank of a stream or river and is operable to generate electric power or other forms of useful work as a water powered motor and the like.
While the invention has been shown in several of its forms, it is not thus limited but is susceptible to various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof as described in the claims which follow.
The present application is a continuation-in-part of earlier filed Ser. No. 15/830,741, filed Dec. 4, 2017, entitled “Pontoon System For Producing Useful Work,” which in turn was a continuation-in-part of earlier filed Ser. No. 15/170,346, filed Jun. 1, 2016, entitled “Waterwheel For A Waterwheel Energy System” by the same inventor.
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 15830741 | Dec 2017 | US |
Child | 16237160 | US | |
Parent | 15170346 | Jun 2016 | US |
Child | 15830741 | US |