Porous acrylic synthetic fibers comprising cellulose acetate in an acrylic matrix

The present invention relates to porous acrylic synthetic fibers and acrylic composite fibers having a water absorption property and methods for producing these fibers.
Natural fibers, such as cotton, wools, silks and others have a water absorption property of 20-40% and absorb perspiration satisfactorily so that a pleasant feeling is obtained during wearing, but synthetic fibers are low in the antistatic property and the hygroscopicity and have no water absorption property and perspiration absorption property and therefore the synthetic fibers are inferior to natural fibers in the commercial value. Particularly, if underwears, stockings, blankets, sports wears, etc. have no water- and perspiration-absorption property, the perspiration condenses on the fiber surface and such fibers are sticky and cause a cold feeling and are poor in regulation of the body temperature and an unpleasant feeling when wearing can not be avoided.
For improving the water- and perspiration-absorption property of synthetic fibers, various improvements have been heretofore proposed. The major parts of the improvements consist in the formation of microvoids in the fibers or the formation of unevenness on the fiber surface. For example, Japanese Patent Laid Open Application No. 25,418/72, Japanese Patent Nos. 665,549 and 702,476 and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 6,650/73 have disclosed processes for producing porous acrylic fibers by selecting such a mild drying condition that microvoids remain in the swelled gel tow during the production of acrylic fibers. Furthermore, Japanese Patent Laid Open Application No. 25,416/72, Japanese Patent Application Publication Nos. 8,285/73 and 8,286/73 have disclosed that a water soluble compound is incorporated in the swelled gel tow during the production of acrylic fibers and the swelled gel tow is dried and after-treated, after which the water soluble compound is dissolved off to reform the voids. The common concept in the above described processes consists in that microvoids inherently formed during the production of the acrylic fibers are maintained in the final product to obtain porous acrylic fibers. The microvoids formed in the swelled gel tow are very thermally unstable. Therefore, it is impossible to effect treatment at a high temperature in the steps for producing the fibers, particularly at the drying, shrinking and crimp setting steps and the heat resistance, form stability and crimp stability of the final product are poor and the commercial value of the product is considerably deteriorated. The radius of the voids in the obtained product is very small, such as 10-1,000 A. Since numerous microvoids are uniformly distributed in the fibers, the strength and elongation of the fibers are low, the luster is poor and the dyed color is not clear. Furthermore, since numerous microvoids are uniformly distributed, the heat resistance of the fibers is low and in a high temperature dyeing, steaming treatment, pressing treatment and the like, the voids are eliminated, the water absorption property is deteriorated, the color tone is varied, the form stability is deteriorated and the qualities are degraded.
When it is attempted to develop the water absorption property by these voids, the microvoids are apt to be formed as closed voids and they hardly form passages through which water is absorbed into the fibers and this proposal is not effective. In order to obtain a certain degree of water absorption property, a fairly large number of microvoids are necessary and this further deteriorates the fiber properties and commercial value. It has been previously attempted to improve the feel and the dyeability by mix-spinning of cellulose acetate-acrylic polymer or cellulose acetate-modacrylic copolymer. For example, Japanese Pat. Nos. 222,873 and 243,556 and Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 14,029/64 have disclosed that the spinning solution obtained by mixing cellulose acetate with acrylic polymer or modacrylic copolymer is spun to obtain fibers having improved dyeability and feel. The fibers obtained in these processes are dense and have no water absorption property due to voids in the fiber interior. In addition, Japanese Pat. No. 433,941 has disclosed that cellulose acetate is added during polymerization of the acrylic polymer as a means for mixing cellulose acetate, but when the polymer obtained by mixing cellulose acetate during polymerization of the acrylic polymer is used, the heat resistance of the spun fibers is deteriorated owing to the degradation of cellulose acetate and troubles occur during the steps for producing the fibers and the product having the satisfactory quality can not be obtained. Japanese Pat. No. 556,549 and Japanese Patent Laid Open Application Nos. 118,027/75 and 118,026/75 have described that cellulose acetate or a mixture of cellulose acetate and titanium oxide and the like is finely distributed in acrylic polymer or modacrylic polymer to obtain animal hair-like fibers but it can not provide porous fibers having a high water absorption property as is obtained in the present invention. German Patent Laid Open Application No. 2,901,778 has proposed acrylic fibers having a water absorption property, consisting of a porous core portion having a large number of microvoids and macrovoids and a skin portion having a high density, but these fibers have a large number of microvoids, so that the yarn property and dyeability are deteriorated. Further it is not easy to produce fibers having uniform microvoids and it is difficult to obtain fibers having stable quality. Fibers having excellent yarn property, heat resistance, dyeability and water absorption property as in the present invention can not be obtained by this procedure.
From the above described reasons, porous acrylic synthetic fibers having improved water absorption property, heat resistance, dyeability and luster can not be obtained by the prior presence.
Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 6,014/67 has disclosed acrylic composite fibers obtained by conjugate spinning acrylic polymers having different contents of ionic hydrophilic groups in which as a composite component having a smaller amount of said hydrophilic group, use is made of an acrylic polymer containing a cellulosic polymer which is obtained by solution polymerization of acrylic monomer in the presence of a cellulosic polymer soluble in a solvent for polymerization of the acrylic polymer. Japanese Pat. No. 520,657 has disclosed that in the conjugate spinning of acrylonitrile polymer containing an acidic group and acrylonitrile polymer containing a basic group, a cellulosic polymer is contained in a component having a lower shrinkage among these polymers. However, these processes aim to improve the crimpability and dyeability and to provide the resilient feeling of the cellulosic polymer but do not aim at porous acrylic composite fibers having a water absorption property and these fibers can not be obtained by these processes. The inventors have diligently studied to obviate the prior defects and accomplished the present invention.
An object of the present invention is to provide porous acrylic synthetic fibers and acrylic composite fibers having excellent water absorption property and good yarn properties.
Another object of the present invention is to provide methods for producing porous acrylic synthetic fibers and acrylic composite fibers having excellent water absorption property and good yarn properties commercially easily and cheaply.
The present invention consists in porous acrylic synthetic fibers having substantially no microvoids but having mainly macrovoids, which consist of 2.about.30% by weight of cellulose acetate and 70.about.98% by weight of an acrylic polymer and have a surface area A of voids of no greater than 15 m.sup.2 /g and a porosity V of 0.05.about.0.75 cm.sup.3 /g, V/A being 1/30 or more.
The process of the present invention comprises spinning an organic solvent solution containing 15.about.35% by weight of a polymer consisting of 2.about.30 parts by weight of cellulose acetate and 70.about.98 parts by weight of an acrylic polymer into a coagulation bath at a temperature of no higher than 30.degree. C. to obtain fibers wherein the formation of microvoids is restrained, effecting primary drawing of the spun fibers at a draw ratio of 2.5.about.8 times, drying the fibers in a water swelled state having distributed macrovoids at a temperature of 100.degree..about.180.degree. C. to a water content of no greater than 1.0% by weight to substantially eliminate microvoids and effecting secondary drawing of the dried fibers under wet heat at a draw ratio of no greater than 3 times to promote the macrovoid structure.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to acrylic composite fibers and a method for producing said fibers, which is discussed later.
The acrylic synthetic fibers according to the present invention consist of 2.about.30% by weight, preferably 3.about.25% by weight, more preferably 6.about.20% by weight, more particularly from more than 10% by weight to 18% by weight of cellulose acetate and 70.about.98% by weight, preferably 75.about.97% by weight, more preferably 80.about.94% by weight, more particularly from 82% by weight to less than 90% by weight of an acrylic polymer. When the amount of cellulose acetate distributed in the fibers is less than 2% by weight, phase separation thereof from the acrylic polymer is insufficient and the satisfactory water absorption property can not be obtained, while when said amount exceeds 30% by weight, the phase separation becomes excessive and the strength and elongation, dyeability and luster of the fibers are deteriorated, so that these amounts should be avoided.
Cellulose acetate to be used in the present invention is not particularly limited but in general, is one having a combined acetic acid of 48.about.63% and an average polymerization degree of 50.about.300.
The acrylic polymers to be used in the present invention contain at least 80% by weight, preferably 85.about.93% by weight of acrylonitrile and may contain less than 20% by weight of copolymerizable monomers, for example alkyl acrylates or methacrylates, such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, amides, such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-mono-substituted or N,N-disubstituted amides thereof, vinyl acetate, sulfonic acid group-containing monomers, such as styrenesulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid and the salts thereof. In particular, when 0.3.about.1.5% by weight, preferably 0.5.about.1.2% by weight of allylsulfonic acid or methallylsulfonic acid or the salts thereof is copolymerized, the dyeability is not only improved, but also the formation of numerous microvoids is prevented, whereby the degradation of the heat resistance is prevented and porous fibers having macrovoids and excellent water absorption property can be obtained.
The acrylic polymer of the acrylic synthetic fibers according to the present invention may contain an acrylic copolymer containing 5.about.30% by weight of a monomer having the general formula ##STR1## wherein X is R.sub.2 or ##STR2## R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 are H or CH.sub.3, R.sub.2 is H, NH.sub.4 or an alkali metal, and l and m are an integer of 0.about.50 and 0<l+m.ltoreq.50, and the acrylic copolymer is no greater than about 33% by weight based on the total polymer composing the acrylic synthetic fibers. By incorporating the above described acrylic copolymer in the acrylic synthetic fibers, the dispersability of cellulose acetate is improved. As the monomers to be copolymerized in the acrylic copolymers shown by the above described general formula, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and ##STR3## are preferable in view of the polymerizability, discoloration and resistance to water solubility. As the length of the ethylene glycol chain or the propylene glycol chain contained in these monomers is larger, the hydrophilic property of the acrylic copolymer is increased and the content is permitted to be smaller, but when l+m exceeds 50, the polymerizability and solubility of the acrylic copolymer are degraded. As the monomers copolymerizable in the acrylic copolymer other than the monomers having the above described general formula, the above described monomers to be used in the polymerization of the acrylic polymers may be used. The acrylic copolymer contains at least 70% by weight of acrylonitrile.
The acrylic synthetic fibers according to the present invention have substantially no microvoids but have mainly macrovoids and the macrovoids contribute to the water absorption property. In the acrylic synthetic fibers according to the present invention, cellulose acetate is distributed in an elongated form having the longest dimension parallel to the fiber axis and generally has voids in the circumference and the inner portion of cellulose acetate and the ratio of the length to the diameter of the elongated cellulose acetate is generally 10 or more. The voids present in the distributed elongated cellulose acetate are macrovoids caused by the phase separation of cellulose acetate and acrylic polymer and are further elongated by the secondary drawing. The acrylic polymer component in the acrylic synthetic fibers of the present invention has substantially the same degree of denseness as usual acrylic synthetic fibers and has substantially no microvoids. The term "substantially no microvoids" used herein means that the ratio (by volume) of microvoids occupied in the porosity (V) of the fibers is not greater than 30%, preferably not greater than 25%, more preferably not greater than 20%, more particularly not greater than 15%. The term "microvoid" used herein means voids having a diameter of less than 2,000 A.
The water absorption property of the acrylic synthetic fibers according to the present invention can be obtained owing to these macrovoids and the ratio of the macrovoids occupied in the porosity is at least 70%, preferably at least 75%, more preferably at least 80%, more particularly at least 85%. Cellulose acetate is distributed not only in the inner portion of the cross section of the fiber but also in the fiber wall, so that macrovoids are observed at the fiber surface. The high water absorption property of the acrylic synthetic fibers of the present invention is presumably due to the fact that the voids opening at the fiber surface communicate with the macrovoids in the inner portion of the fibers.

Then, the acrylic synthetic fibers according to the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an optical photomicrograph (magnification: 200 times) of the cross-section of conventional acrylic fibers;
FIG. 2 is an optical photomicrograph (magnification: 200 times) of the cross section of porous acrylic fibers having a water absorption property, which contain cellulose acetate and in which a large number of microvoids are formed together with macrovoids;
FIG. 3 is an optical photomicrograph (magnification: 200 times) of the cross section of porous acrylic fibers of the present invention;
FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 are electron micrographs (magnification: 12,000 times) of the cross sections of the fibers shown in FIGS. 1.about.3 respectively;
FIG. 7 is an electron micrograph (magnification: 12,000 times) of the cross section of conventional acrylic fiber having microvoids, and
FIG. 8 is an optical photomicrograph (magnification: 200 times) of the cross section of acrylic composite fibers of the present invention wherein an acrylic polymer (component A) containing cellulose acetate and an acrylic polymer (component B) are bonded in side-by-side relation.

In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, fibers in which red dye stuff was impregnated so that the judgement of the presence of microvoids was made easy, were used as the samples.
As seen from FIG. 1, the usual acrylic fiber does not substantially have voids. In FIG. 2, since macrovoids are observed but the fibers have numerous microvoids, the dye stuff penetrates along the entire cross section of the fibers. In the fibers according to the present invention, as seen from FIG. 3, only macrovoids are observed and microvoids are not substantially observed.
The usual acrylic fiber in FIG. 4 is very dense and no microvoids are observed. FIG. 5 shows apparently that a large number of microvoids are present in the inner portion of the fiber. On the other hand, FIG. 6 shows that the fiber of the present invention has substantially the same density as the usual acrylic fiber at the portion other than macrovoids. The microvoid structure is apparently observed from FIG. 7 in the conventional acrylic fiber having the microvoid structure.
In the acrylic synthetic fibers of the present invention the surface area A of voids is no greater than 15 m.sup.2 /g, preferably 0.02.about.10 m.sup.2 /g, a porosity V is 0.05.about.0.75 cm.sup.3 /g, preferably 0.05.about.0.60 cm.sup.3 /g and V/A is 1/30 or more, preferably 1/20 or more.
The surface area A(m.sup.2 /g) of voids in the fibers was determined as follows. Nitrogen gas was adsorbed in the fibers at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, the total surface area of the fibers was determined by the BET equation and from this value was subtracted the surface area of the outer skin of the fibers. The amount of the fibers to be measured was adjusted so that the value of the total surface area to be measured is 1 m.sup.2 or more.
The porosity V(cm.sup.3 /g) was determined as follows. A density .rho.(g/cm.sup.3) of a film prepared so as to have the same composition as the fiber and a high density, was measured and an average cross sectional area of the fibers containing the voids was determined by photographic process and referred to as S(cm.sup.2) and an actual average cross sectional area So(cm.sup.2) of the fibers at the portion containing no voids was determined from the following equation (1) and the porosity V was determined from the following equation (2). ##EQU1##
The ratio of microvoids occupied in the porosity was calculated by measuring the microvoid content by means of a mercury porosimeter. Firstly, the fibers are opened and weighed and then filled in a cell of a mercury porosimeter and a pressure and an amount of mercury pressed in are recorded while pressing mercury at room temperature. Between a diameter D(.mu.) of the voids and a pressure P(psi) necessary for filling mercury in the voids, there is a relation shown by the following formula
D=175/P
By measuring P and the amount of mercury pressed in the diameter D(.mu.) and the volume (cm.sup.3 /g) of the voids are determined. From these data, a void distribution curve is obtained and an amount of the voids in which D is 0.2.mu. or less is determined, which is referred to as the microvoid content (cm.sup.3 /g) in 1 g of the fibers.
When the porosity V is less than 0.05 cm.sup.3 /g, the water absorption property is not satisfied, while when the porosity V exceeds 0.75 cm.sup.3 /g, the strength and elongation of the fibers are degraded and the luster and dyeability are adversely affected, so that these values should be avoided.
When the surface area A of the voids exceeds 15 m.sup.2 /g, the microvoids in the fibers increase and the strength and elongation are not only deteriorated but also the dyeability and heat resistance are deteriorated. When V/A is less than 1/30, the water absorption property is not satisfied or the heat resistance, dyeability and the like as well as the strength and elongation are deteriorated. Furthermore, it has been found from the experimental data of the inventors that when V/A is less than 1/30, the voids in the fibers become small and if the size is calculated into, for example a sphere, the diameter becomes less than 2,000 A and the excellent water absorption property can not be obtained and the strength and elongation are deteriorated.
The acrylic synthetic fibers according to the present invention are produced by spinning an organic solvent solution containing 15.about.35% by weight, preferably 17.about.30% by weight of a polymer consisting of 2.about.30 parts by weight, preferably 3.about.25 parts by weight, more preferably 6.about.20 parts by weight, more particularly from more than 10 parts by weight to 18 parts by weight of cellulose acetate, and 70.about.98 parts by weight, preferably 75.about.97 parts by weight, more preferably 80.about.94 parts by weight, more particularly 82.about.90 parts by weight of an acrylic polymer or a blend of an acrylic polymer and an acrylic copolymer into a coagulation bath at a temperature of no higher than 30.degree. C. When the amounts of cellulose acetate, an acrylic polymer or a blend of an acrylic polymer and an acrylic copolymer are beyond these ranges, acrylic synthetic fibers having an excellent water absorption property and yarn properties can not be obtained. When the concentration of the polymer is less than 15% by weight, the production cost becomes higher and the formation of microvoids increases to deteriorate the strength and elongation. While when the concentration exceeds 35% by weight, the viscosity increases, whereby the operability and spinnability are deteriorated and further the yarn properties are degraded, so that these amounts should be avoided.
As the organic solvent to be used in the present invention, mention may be made of common solvents for cellulose acetate, acrylic polymers and acrylic copolymers but in general, organic solvents, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene carbonate and the like are preferable in view of the recovery and purification of the solvents. As the coagulation bath, use may be made of an aqueous solution of an organic solvent, such as dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethylene carbonate and the like, and organic solvents, such as propyl alcohol, kerosene and the like, but an aqueous solution of an organic solvent to be used for dissolving the polymer is particularly preferable.
The process for mixing cellulose acetate and an acrylic polymer or mixing an acrylic copolymer to said mixture is not particularly limited. For example, each of the polymers is dissolved in a common solvent and the obtained solutions are mixed or these polymers are concurrently added and dissolved in a common solvent.
Water may be added to the spinning solution within the range which does not cause gellation of the spinning solution. This addition of water is effective for controlling the viscosity of the spinning solution and preventing the formation of microvoids in the spun fibers. Interestingly, the inventors have found that the dispersed state of the elongated cellulose acetate in the spun fibers varies depending upon the water content in the spinning solution. Namely, when the water content in the spinning solution is increased, the dispersed state of the elongated cellulose acetate becomes longer, conversely as the water content decreases, the form becomes spherical. A similar result is obtained depending upon the variation of the viscosity of the spinning solution.
The spinning can be carried out under the same conditions as are employed for preparing conventional acrylic synthetic fibers except that the temperature of the coagulation bath cannot be higher than 30.degree. C. Several stages of spinning baths are used and the primary drawing and water washing are carried out. The primary draw ratio is 2.5.about.8 times, preferably 3.about.6 times. When the primary draw ratio is less than 2.5 times, the drawing and orientation of the fibers are insufficient and therefore the strength is low and cracks are formed in the fibers and such a drawing should be avoided. While, when the draw ratio exceeds 8 times, the densification excessively proceeds and a satisfactory water absorption property can not be obtained and the operability is deteriorated, so that such draw ratios should be avoided.
The spinning draft ratio may be the usual condition, but for restraining the formation of microvoids a lower draft ratio is preferable. The temperature of the coagulation bath for restraining the formation of microvoids must be not higher than 30.degree. C., preferably not higher than 25.degree. C., more preferably not higher than 20.degree. C. When the temperature of the coagulation bath is higher than 30.degree. C., a large number of microvoids are formed and the yarn properties and quantity of the obtained fibers are considerably deteriorated.
In the primary drawn fibers, the dispersion of the elongated cellulose acetate, and the voids formed by the phase separation of cellulose acetate and the acrylic polymer become more distinct. But the fibers contain a large number of microvoids inherently contained in the usual swelled gel tow. These microvoids are not desirable because of the deterioration of the heat resistance, dyeability and luster of the fibers. Hence, the fibers wherein the microvoids and macrovoids coexist, are dried to eliminate the microvoids but, in this case, the drying is carried out at a temperature of 100.degree..about.180.degree. C., preferably 105.degree..about.150.degree. C. until the water content becomes no greater than 1.0% by weight, whereby only the microvoids are eliminated and the macrovoids formed due to the phase separation are maintained. When the drying temperature is lower than 100.degree. C., the microvoids formed in the acrylic polymer can not be completely collapsed by drying and the strength and elongation, luster, dyeability and heat resistance of the fibers are deteriorated. While when the drying temperature exceeds 180.degree. C., the fibers are hardened and discolored, so that such a temperature should be avoided. For drying, it is desirable for eliminating the microvoids to use a hot roller type dryer in which the fibers are brought into contact with a metal surface heated at a high temperature. In addition, if the drying is effected by blowing hot air at a temperature of 120.degree..about.170.degree. C. as a supplemental means, the drying can be effected more uniformly, so that such a means is desirable. The water content of the dried fibers must be no greater than 1.0%. When the water content exceeds 1.0%, the uneven drying of the fibers occurs and a large number of microvoids partially remain resulting in unevenness of dyeing, luster and strength of the fibers and the uniformity of quality is deteriorated. In this drying step, a torque motor may be used to effect shrinkage of 5.about.15% together with the drying.
The dried fibers should be subjected to a secondary drawing under wet heat to a draw ratio of no greater than 3 times, preferably 1.05.about.2 times in order to make the phase separation of the acrylic polymer and cellulose acetate in the fibers more distinct and to promote the macrovoid structure and improve the water absorption property and provide moderate physical properties of the fiber. The secondary drawing includes stretching shrinkage of substantial draw ratio of no greater than 1.0. But in order to elongate the macrovoid structure, the draw ratio is preferred to be at least 1.05, particularly at least 1.1. When the draw ratio exceeds 3 times, yarn breakage occurs and if the temperature is raised in order to prevent yarn breakage, stickiness of the fibers occurs and the water absorption property is considerably deteriorated. After the secondary drawing, the fibers are subjected to after-treating steps for imparting good spinnability and performance to the fibers, such as wet heat shrinking step, oiling step, crimping step and crimp-setting step to obtain the final product.
Now, an explanation will be made with respect to acrylic composite fibers according to the present invention. The composite fibers according to the present invention are ones having a water absorption property obtained by bonding a component A consisting of 2.about.50% by weight of cellulose acetate and 50.about.98% by weight of an acrylic polymer and a component B consisting of an acrylic polymer in a weight ratio of 2/8.about.8/2 along the fiber axial direction, the component A having substantially no microvoids but having mainly macrovoids, and having a porosity of the entire fibers of 0.05.about.0.75 cm.sup.3 /g and a surface area of voids of no greater than 15 m.sup.2 /g, or ones having a water absorption property and latent crimpability obtained by eccentrically bonding two components A and B consisting of 2.about.50% by weight of cellulose acetate and 50.about.98% by weight of an acrylic polymer, a plasticizing component in the acrylic polymer in both the components A and B having a difference of at least 2% by weight, in a weight ratio of 7/3.about.3/7, a total amount of cellulose acetate in the fibers being 2.about.30% by weight, having substantially no microvoids but having macrovoids, and having a porosity of 0.05.about.0.75 cm.sup.3 /g and a surface area of voids of no greater than 15 m.sup.2 /g.
The process for producing the composite fibers according to the present invention comprises conjugate spinning two organic solvent solutions A and B in which at least one solution contains a polymer consisting of 2.about.50% by weight of cellulose acetate and 50.about.98% by weight of an acrylic polymer, into a coagulation bath at a temperature of no higher than 30.degree. C. through common spinning orifices to form composite fibers in which the formation of microvoids is restrained, effecting primary drawing the spun fibers in a draw ratio of 2.5.about.8 times, drying the water swelled fibers containing distributed macrovoids at a temperature of 100.degree..about.180.degree. C. to a water content of no greater than 1.0% by weight to substantially eliminate microvoids and then effecting secondary drawing of the dried fibers in a draw ratio of no greater than 3 times under wet heat to promote the macrovoid structure.
In the case of acrylic composite fibers in which only the component A contains cellulose acetate, when an amount of a plasticizing component in acrylic polymers composing the components A and B, such as methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, vinyl acetate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and the like is different in an amount of at least 2% by weight and the component A and the component B are conjugate spun eccentrically, composite fibers having latent crimpability can be obtained. On the other hand, when there is substantially no difference in the content of the above described plasticizing component in the acrylic polymers to composing the component A and the component B or both the components are concentrically conjugate spun, composite fibers having substantially no latent crimpability can be obtained.
The component A and the component B are bonded in a conjugate ratio of 2/8.about.8/2, preferably 3/7.about.7/3, more preferably 4/6.about.6/4. If the component A is smaller than 2/8 in the conjugate ratio, a satisfactory water absorption property can not be given to the composite fibers, while if the component A exceeds 8/2, the luster and color brightness after dyeing are deteriorated. As the plasticizing components in both the components A and B to be used in the acrylic composite fibers containing cellulose acetate, mention may be made of the above described compounds. The difference of the content of the plasticizing in both the components is at least 2% by weight, preferably 2.5.about.5% by weight. The components A and B are bonded eccentrically, preferably in side-by-side relation.
When the difference of the content of the above described plasticizing component is less than 2% by weight, it is impossible to obtain composite fibers having substantial the latent crimpability. The component A and the component B are bonded in a conjugate ratio of 3/7.about.7/3, preferably 4/6.about.6/4. When the ratio exceeds this range, composite fibers having excellent crimpability can not be obtained. The conjugate ratio of the acrylic composite fibers according to the present invention can be conveniently varied by varying the extruded amount of the solutions of the components A and B in an organic solvent or the polymer concentration.
When the component A or both the components A and B contain cellulose acetate, the amount of cellulose acetate is 2.about.50% by weight, preferably 3.about.40% by weight, more preferably 5.about.30% by weight. When the amount of cellulose acetate distributed in the component A or both the components A and B is less than 2% by weight, the phase separation of the acrylic polymer is insufficient and the water absorption property can not be satisfied, while when said amount exceeds 50% by weight, the strength and elongation in the component A or both the components A and B become considerably lower and both the components are disengaged, so that these amounts should be avoided.
When cellulose acetate in contained in both the components A and B, the total amount of cellulose acetate contained in both the components A and B is 2.about.30% by weight, preferably 2.about.25% by weight, more preferably 3.about.20% by weight. When the total amount is less than 2% by weight, the water absorption property is not satisfied and when said amount exceeds 30% by weight, the yarn properties, such as strength and elongation of the composite fibers are deteriorated and these amounts should be avoided.
Concerning the acrylic polymers, acrylic copolymers and cellulose acetate to be used for the acrylic composite fibers according to the present invention, the above described explanation concerning the acrylic synthetic fibers can be applied.
Cellulose acetate in at least one component of the composite fibers of the present invention is distributed in an elongated form parallel to the fiber axis, and generally has voids around the elongated cellulose acetate and in the inner portion and the ratio of the length of the distributed elongated cellulose acetate to the diameter thereof is usually 10 or more.
The component containing cellulose acetate in the composite fibers of the present invention does not substantially have microvoids but has mainly macrovoids and these macrovoids contribute to the water absorption property.
FIG. 8 is an optical photomicrograph (magnification: 200 times) of the cross section of the acrylic composite fibers of the present invention in which the component A (acrylic polymer containing cellulose acetate) and the component B (acrylic polymer) are bonded in side-by-side relation and it can be seen from FIG. 8 that macrovoids are observed in the component A and the component B is dense.
The acrylic composite fibers of the present invention have a porosity of 0.05.about.0.75 cm.sup.3 /g, preferably 0.05.about.0.60 cm.sup.3 /g and a surface area of voids of no greater than 15 m.sup.2 /g, preferably 0.02.about.10 m.sup.2 /g as the entire fibers.
When the porosity is less than 0.05 cm.sup.3 /g, the water absorption property is not satisfactory, while when the porosity exceeds 0.75 cm.sup.3 /g, the strength and elongation of the fibers not only are deteriorated, but also the luster and dyeability are adversely affected.
When the surface area of the voids exceeds 15 m.sup.2 /g, microvoids increase in the fibers and the strength and elongation decrease and the dyeability and heat resistance are deteriorated.
The organic solvent, coagulation bath condition, and spinning and drawing conditions in the production of the acrylic composite fibers are similar to those in the above described production of acrylic synthetic fibers.
After the secondary drawing, the composite fibers having the latent crimpability may be subjected to after-treatments, such as shrinkage-drawing-shrinking in order to enhance the crimpability. After the secondary drawing, the fibers are subjected to after-treatments for giving high spinnability and properties, such as shrinking under wet heat, oiling, crimping, crimp setting and the like, to obtain the final product.
The composite fibers of the present invention can easily develop crimps through hot water treatment and steam treatment.
The porous acrylic synthetic fibers and the acrylic composite fibers according to the present invention can be produced by using not only an organic solvent but also an inorganic solvent, such as aqueous solution of zinc chloride and the like.
The porous acrylic synthetic fibers obtained by the present invention have a high water absorption property and water absorbing rate and are excellent in strength and elongation under wet swelling when absorbing water, and have good luster and brightness when dyed. The acrylic composite fibers of the present invention have a high water absorption property, water absorbing rate, excellent strength and elongation when absorbing water, good dyeability and unique bulkiness and rich feeling of the inherent composite fibers.
In the natural fibers, the bulkiness and resilient feeling are lost upon wet swelling but in the acrylic synthetic fibers and acrylic composite fibers according to the present invention, the water absorption is a physical mechanism in which water is absorbed in voids in the fibers, so that these fibers are not deteriorated in the bulkiness and resilient feeling and the water absorption property, water- and moisture-permeability are excellent. In addition, acrylic synthetic fibers and composite fibers according to the present invention have a porosity of 0.05.about.0.75 cm.sup.3 /g and are light in weight and very high in the heat retaining property.
The acrylic synthetic fibers and composite fibers of the present invention, which have such many excellent properties, are optimum for general clothings, sports wears, bedding, curtains, interior and the like. Furthermore, these fibers are satisfactorily used in the field where cotton has been used, as cotton substitutes.
The following examples are given for the purpose of illustration of this invention and are not intended as limitations thereof. In the examples, parts and % mean parts by weight and % by weight unless otherwise indicated. The water absorption of fibers was measured according to DIN-53814, and the crimp property thereof was measured according to JIS L-1074.
EXAMPLE 1
A dimethyl formamide (hereinafter abbreviated as DMF) solution containing 21% of a polymer mixture consisting of an acrylic polymer and cellulose acetate in a mixing ratio shown in the following Table 1 was extruded from a spinneret into a coagulation bath consisting of 65% of DMF and 35% of water and kept at 20.degree. C. The acrylic polymer had a composition of acrylonitrile (hereinafter abbreviated as AN):methyl acrylate (hereinafter abbreviated as MA):sodium methallylsulfonate (hereinafter abbreviated as SMAS)=90.5:9.0:0.5(%). The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 5 times their original length, and then dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 120.degree. C. until the water content of the filaments was decreased to 0.5%. The dried filaments were subjected to a secondary drawing at 100.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 1.1 times their original length. The drawn filaments were mechanically crimped and the crimps were set to obtain 3-denier fibers. Properties of the resulting fibers are shown in Table 1. It was found that the ratios of microvoids in the fibers of Experiment Nos. 4 and 5 were 11.3% and 14.6%, respectively.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ Fiber propertyPolymer mixture Void WaterExperi- Acrylic Cellulose Porosity, Surface absorp-ment polymer acetate V area, A tion Strengthnumber (parts) (parts) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) (g/d) Dyeability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________1 100 0 0.000 0.00 -- 4 3.8 good Comparative sample2 99 1 0.021 0.57 ##STR4## 4 3.8 good Comparative sample3 98 2 0.116 1.62 ##STR5## 15 3.8 good Present invention4 95 5 0.221 1.70 ##STR6## 25 3.6 good Present invention5 90 10 0.357 2.04 ##STR7## 38 3.2 good Present invention6 80 20 0.46 2.35 ##STR8## 48 2.6 somewhat poor Present invention7 70 30 0.588 2.76 ##STR9## 60 1.7 somewhat poor Present invention8 65 35 0.798 3.09 ##STR10## 80 1.1 poor Comparative sample9 60 40 1.08 3.09 ##STR11## 100 0.8 poor Comparative sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 2
The same acrylic polymer as used in Example 1 was used, and 3-denier fibers shown in the following Table 2 were produced by changing the composition of the polymer mixture, the extruding condition, the drawing condition, the drying condition and other production conditions. Properties of the resulting fibers are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2(a)__________________________________________________________________________Void Fiber propertyExperi- Porosity, Surface Waterment V area, A absorptionnumber (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________10 0.03 0.71 ##STR12## 5 poor in heat resistance and in dyeability Comparative sample11 0.05 1.82 ##STR13## 9 poor in heat resistance and in dyeability Comparative sample12 0.10 0.44 ##STR14## 14 Present invention13 0.35 2.11 ##STR15## 37 Present invention14 0.75 17.3 ##STR16## 70 low strength and poor dyeability Comparative sample15 0.90 25.1 ##STR17## 87 low strength and poor dyeability Comparative sample16 1.05 9.83 ##STR18## 104 low strength and poor dyeability Comparative sample17 0.43 0.94 ##STR19## 45 Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2(b)__________________________________________________________________________Void Fiber propertyExperi- Porosity, Surface Waterment V area, A absorptionnumber (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________18 0.59 0.78 ##STR20## 60 Present invention19 0.30 13.8 ##STR21## 33 poor in heat resistance and in dyeability Comparative sample20 0.61 16.8 ##STR22## 63 low strength and poor dyeability Comparative sample21 0.51 19.1 ##STR23## 50 low strength and poor dyeability Comparative sample22 0.80 26.9 ##STR24## 76 poor in heat resistance and in dyeability Comparative sample23 0.72 0.95 ##STR25## 73 Present invention24 0.63 3.21 ##STR26## 64 Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 30
A polymer mixture consisting of 80 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:sodium allylsulfonate (hereinafter abbreviated as SAS)=90.2:9.0:0.8(%), and 20 parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in a solvent shown in the following Table 3 to prepare spinning solutions having a property shown in Table 3. The extrusion of the spinning solution and the after-treatment of the extruded filaments were carried out under the same conditions as described in Example 1 to obtain 3-denier fibers. However, as the coagulation bath, an aqueous solution containing the same solvent as that used in the spinning solution was used.
Properties of the fibers are shown in Table 3. In Table 3, the viscosity of the spinning solution was measured at 50.degree. C. by means of a Brookfield viscometer. The stability of the spinning solution was estimated by the stability against gellation at 50.degree. C. and by the stability of dispersion of the acrylic polymer and cellulose acetate in the spinning solution.
TABLE 3(a)__________________________________________________________________________Spinning solution Concent- Fiber property ration of Void WaterExperi- polymer Porosity, Surface absorp-ment mixture Viscosity V area, A tion Strengthnumber Solvent (%) (poise) Stability (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) (g/d) Operability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________25 Dimethyl acetamide 10 8.5 good 0.57 17.9 ##STR27## 58 1.8 somewhat poor Comparative sample26 Dimethyl acetamide 15 15 good 0.51 3.14 ##STR28## 53 1.9 good Present invention27 Dimethyl acetamide 20 76 good 0.48 2.62 ##STR29## 50 2.5 good Present invention28 Dimethyl acetamide 25 210 good 0.46 2.48 ##STR30## 48 2.7 good Present invention29 Dimethyl acetamide 30 640 good 0.47 2.24 ##STR31## 49 2.6 good Present invention30 Dimethyl acetamide 35 >1,000 somewhat poor 0.43 1.96 ##STR32## 45 2.4 somewhat poor Present invention31 Dimethyl acetamide 40 gelled poor 0.42 1.86 ##STR33## 44 2.1 poor Comparative__________________________________________________________________________ sample
TABLE 3(b)__________________________________________________________________________Spinning solution Concent- Fiber property ration of Void WaterExperi- polymer Porosity, Surface absorp-ment mixture Viscosity V area, A tion Strengthnumber Solvent (%) (poise) Stability (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) (g/d) Operability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________32 Dimethyl formamide 10 5.6 good 0.56 18.4 ##STR34## 56 2.1 somewhat poor Comparative sample33 Dimethyl formamide 15 15 good 0.49 2.70 ##STR35## 52 2.6 good Present invention 334 Dimethyl formamide 20 50 good 0.46 2.35 ##STR36## 48 2.6 good Present invention 135 Dimethyl formamide 25 140 good 0.47 2.31 ##STR37## 49 2.7 good Present invention 336 Dimethyl formamide 30 420 good 0.46 2.26 ##STR38## 48 2.9 good Present invention .37 Dimethyl formamide 35 1,200 somewhat poor 0.41 2.95 ##STR39## 43 2.7 somewhat poor Present invention38 Dimethyl formamide 40 gelled poor 0.43 2.75 ##STR40## 45 2.6 poor Comparative__________________________________________________________________________ sample
TABLE 3(c)__________________________________________________________________________Spinning solution Concent- Fiber property ration of Void WaterExperi- polymer Porosity, Surface absorp-ment mixture Viscosity V area, A tion Strengthnumber Solvent (%) (poise) Stability (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) (g/d) Operability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________39 Dimethyl sulfoxide 10 15 good 0.50 16.1 ##STR41## 49 2.3 somewhat poor Comparative sample40 Dimethyl sulfoxide 15 44 good 0.46 3.15 ##STR42## 47 2.4 good Present invention41 Dimethyl sulfoxide 20 130 good 0.44 2.15 ##STR43## 46 2.7 good Present invention42 Dimethyl sulfoxide 25 390 good 0.45 2.35 ##STR44## 48 2.6 good Present invention43 Dimethyl sulfoxide 30 1,100 good 0.43 2.21 ##STR45## 45 2.4 good Present invention44 Dimethyl sulfoxide 35 gelled somewhat poor 0.39 2.16 ##STR46## 41 2.3 somewhat poor Present invention45 Dimethyl sulfoxide 40 gelled poor 0.36 2.03 ##STR47## 38 2.0 poor Comparative__________________________________________________________________________ sample
EXAMPLE 4
A polymer mixture consisting of 90 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.5:9.0:0.5(%), and 10 parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution containing 25% of the polymer mixture. The spinning solution was extruded from a spinneret into a coagulation bath consisting of 65% of DMF and 35% of water and kept at 25.degree. C., and the extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing in various draw ratios shown in the following Table 4. The primarily drawn filaments were dried and after-treated under the same conditions as described in Example 1 to obtain 3-denier fibers. Properties of the resulting fibers are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________ Void Fiber propertyExperi- Draw ratio Porosity Surface Waterment in primary V area, A absorptionnumber drawing (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________46 1.5 0.381 3.05 ##STR48## 40.3 dried filaments are brittle, and operability thereof is poor Comparative sample47 2 0.362 2.01 ##STR49## 38.5 dried filaments are brittle, and operability thereof is poor Comparative sample48 3 0.368 1.99 ##STR50## 39.0 Present invention49 4 0.352 2.01 ##STR51## 37.5 Present invention50 5 0.337 1.71 ##STR52## 36.1 Present invention51 6 0.326 1.58 ##STR53## 35.0 Present invention52 7 0.294 1.75 ##STR54## 32.0 Present invention53 8 0.126 0.84 ##STR55## 16.0 Present invention54 9 0.04 0.28 ##STR56## 8.0 yarn breakage occurs often Comparative sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 5
A polymer mixture consisting of 90 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=92.5:7.0:0.5(%), and 10 parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution containing 25% of the polymer mixture, and the spinning solution was extruded from a spinneret into a coagulation bath consisting of 60% of DMF and 40% of water and kept at 30.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 4.0 times their original length, and then dried until the water content of the filaments was decreased to not more than 0.5% by means of a hot roller type drier kept at a drying temperature shown in the following Table 5. The dried filaments were then subjected to a secondary drawing at 110.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 2 times their original length, and then mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain 3-denier fibers. Properties of the fibers are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________Drying Void Fiber property Experi- tempera- Porosity, Surface Waterment ture V area, A absorptionnumber (.degree.C.) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________55 60 0.60 26.4 ##STR57## 56.1 poor in yarn property and in Comparative sample56 80 0.57 19.6 ##STR58## 50.3 poor in yarn property and in Comparative sample57 100 0.50 7.5 ##STR59## 51.6 Present invention58 120 0.41 2.34 ##STR60## 43.0 Present invention59 140 0.35 1.89 ##STR61## 37.3 Present invention60 150 0.30 1.61 ##STR62## 32.6 Present invention61 160 0.25 1.30 ##STR63## 27.8 Present invention62 180 0.23 1.18 ##STR64## 25.9 Present invention63 190 0.21 1.05 ##STR65## 24.0 fiber colors, and becomes Comparative sample64 200 0.21 0.97 ##STR66## 24.0 fiber colors, and becomes Comparative sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 6
A polymer mixture consisting of 85 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SAS=89:10.4:0.6(%), and 15 parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution containing 27% of the polymer mixture, and the spinning solution was extruded from a spinneret into a coagulation bath consisting of 70% of DMF and 30% of water and kept at 30.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 5 times their original length, and the primarily drawn filaments were dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 125.degree. C. to decrease the water content of the filaments to the water content shown in the following Table 6, and the dried filaments were subjected to the same aftertreatments as those described in Example 1 to obtain 2-denier fibers.
Properties of the fibers are shown in Table 6. Further, the fibers of Experiment Nos. 67 and 69 had ratios of microvoids of 15.3% and 14.2%, respectively.
TABLE 6__________________________________________________________________________ Void Fiber propertyExperi- Water Porosity, Surface Waterment content V area, A absorptionnumber (%) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________65 0 0.433 2.68 ##STR67## 45.2 Present invention66 0.1 0.457 3.23 ##STR68## 47.5 Present invention67 0.2 0.505 3.65 ##STR69## 52.1 Present invention68 0.3 0.546 4.10 ##STR70## 56.0 Present invention69 0.5 0.582 4.42 ##STR71## 59.4 Present invention70 1.0 0.648 5.18 ##STR72## 65.7 Present invention71 2.0 0.694 27.76 ##STR73## 70.1 low strength and poor dyeability, and uneven property Comparative sample72 5.0 0.717 29.5 ##STR74## 72.3 low strength and poor dyeability, and uneven property Comparative sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 7
The same spinning solution as that used in Example 6 was extruded from a spinneret into a coagulation bath consisting of 65% of DMF and 35% of water and kept at 25.degree. C., and the extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 4 times their original length. Then, the primarily drawn filaments were dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 125.degree. C. until the water content of the filaments was decreased to not more than 0.7%. The dried filaments were subjected to a secondary drawing under the same secondary drawing condition as described in Example 5 and then mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain 3-denier fibers. Properties of the fibers are shown in the following Table 7.
TABLE 7(a)__________________________________________________________________________Secondary Void Fiber propertyExperi- drawing condition Porosity, Surface Waterment Temperature Draw V area, A absorptionnumber (.degree.C.) ratio (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________73 100 0.9 0.333 2.18 ##STR75## 35.7 Present invention74 " 1.0 0.334 2.20 ##STR76## 36.8 Present invention75 " 1.5 0.338 2.24 ##STR77## 36.2 Present invention76 " 2 0.297 2.32 ##STR78## 32.3 Present invention77 " 3 0.222 2.50 ##STR79## 25.1 yarn breakage occurs Present invention78 110 0.9 0.326 2.08 ##STR80## 35.0 Present invention79 " 1.0 0.359 2.12 ##STR81## 37.0 Present invention80 " 2 0.332 2.16 ##STR82## 35.6 Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 7(b)__________________________________________________________________________Secondary Void Fiber propertyExperi- drawing condition Porosity, Surface Waterment Temperature Draw V area, A absorptionnumber (.degree.C.) ratio (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________81 110 3 0.294 2.24 ##STR83## 32.0 yarn breakage occurs Present invention82 " 4 0.158 2.44 ##STR84## 19.0 frequent yarn breakage Comparative sample83 120 0.8 0.286 1.80 ##STR85## 31.2 Present invention84 " 1 0.323 1.82 ##STR86## 34.8 Present invention85 " 2 0.329 1.84 ##STR87## 35.1 Present invention86 " 3 0.297 2.02 ##STR88## 32.3 Present invention87 " 4 0.169 2.46 ##STR89## 20.1 yarn breakage occurs Comparative sample88 " 5 -- -- -- -- spinning is Comparative impossible sample__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 7(c)__________________________________________________________________________Secondary Void Fiber propertyExperi- drawing condition Porosity, Surface Waterment Temperature Draw V area, A absorptionnumber (.degree.C.) ratio (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________89 130 0.8 0.295 1.52 ##STR90## 32.0 Present invention90 " 1 0.339 1.50 ##STR91## 36.0 Present invention91 " 2 0.327 1.60 ##STR92## 35.1 Present invention92 " 3 0.280 1.80 ##STR93## 30.7 Present invention93 " 4 0.173 2.04 ##STR94## 20.4 yarn breakage occurs Comparative sample94 " 5 -- -- -- -- spinning is Comparative impossible sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 8
A polymer mixture consisting of 80 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.5:9.0:0.5(%), and 20 parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a DMF solution containing 20% of the polymer mixture. Then, 100 parts of the DMF solution was mixed with 2 parts of water to prepare a spinning solution, and the spinning solution was extruded from a spinneret into a coagulation bath consisting of 50% of DMF and 50% of water and kept at 25.degree. C. The extruded filaments were washed with water and then subjected to a primary drawing in hot water to draw the filaments to 4 times their original length. The primarily drawn filaments was dried until the water content of the filaments was decreased to not more than 1.0% by means of a hot roller type dried kept at 135.degree. C. The dried filaments were subjected to a secondary drawing at 115.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 2 times their original length and then mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain 3-denier fibers.
The resulting fiber was a somewhat dull porous acrylic fiber having voids and having a porosity V of 0.3 cm.sup.3 /g and a surface area A of voids of 1.03 m.sup.2 /g, the ratio V/A being 1/3.43. The porous acrylic fiber had the following yarn properties; that is, a fineness of 2 deniers, a strength in dried state of 2.9 g/d and an elongation in dried state of 30.5%. Further, the fiber had a strength in wet state of 2.87 g/d and an elongation in wet state of 31.3%. Therefore, the yarn property of the fiber in the dried state was maintained in the wet state.
EXAMPLE 9
A polymer mixture consisting of (100-X) parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.5:9.0:0.5(%), and X parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution containing 23% of the polymer mixture. The spinning solution was extruded from a spinneret into a coagulation bath consisting of 65% of DMF and 35% of water and kept at 20.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 5 times their original length, and the primarily drawn filaments were washed with water and dried until the water content of the filaments was decreased to 0.5% by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 120.degree. C. The dried filaments were then subjected to a secondary drawing at 110.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 1.2 times their original length and then mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain 2-denier fibers.
For comparison, in Experiment No. 98, the above described polymer mixture was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution containing 23% of the polymer mixture, and the spinning solution was extruded from a spinneret into a coagulation bath consisting of 65% of DMF and 35% of water and kept at 40.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 6 times their original length, and the primarily drawn filaments were washed with water, subjected to a heat treatment at 125.degree. C. under wet heat without drawing and shrinking, and then dried. The dried filaments were mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain 2-denier fibers. In experiment No. 99, the above described acrylic polymer alone was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution containing 23% of the acrylic polymer alone, and the spinning solution was extruded from a spinneret into a coagulation bath consisting of 65% of DMF and 35% of water and kept at 40.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 5 times their original length, and the primarily drawn filaments were washed with water, subjected to a secondary drawing at 110.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 1.2 times their original length, and then dried in the same manner as described above. The dried filaments were mechanically crimped and the crimps were set to obtain 2-denier fibers.
Properties of the fibers are shown in the following Table 8. The dyeability (depth and brilliancy) was evaluated by the depth of color when a black dye was deposited on the fiber in an amount of 4.5% based on the amount of the fiber. In the evaluation of the dyeability, the depth of color of commercially available acrylic fiber (Kanebo Acryl Regular type) is graded as 5th grade. The larger the value, the more the sample fiber has a deeper and more brilliant color.
TABLE 8__________________________________________________________________________ Polymer DyeabilityExperi- mixture Ratio of Water Yarn property (depth andment X microvoid absorption Strength Elongation brilliancy)number (parts) (%) (%) (g/d) (%) (grade) Remarks__________________________________________________________________________95 4 10.2 21 3.6 39 4 Present invention96 10 12.4 38 3.2 36 4 Present invention97 15 16.0 43 3.0 33 3 .about. 4 Present invention98 4 78.6 24 2.2 26 1 .about. 2 Comparative sample99 0 44.9 9 2.5 32 2 Comparative sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 10
A polymer mixture consisting of 85 parts of an acrylic polymer (I), which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.5:9.0:0.5(%), 15 parts of cellulose acetate (II), and a variable amount of an acrylic copolymer (III), which had a composition of AN:CH.sub.2 =CH--COO--(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.9 CH.sub.3 =85:15(%), was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution containing 23% of the polymer mixture. The spinning solution was extruded from a spinneret into a coagulation bath consisting of 56% of DMF and 44% of water and kept at 20.degree. C., and the extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 5 times their original length. The primarily drawn filaments were dried until the water content in the filaments was decreased to 0.7% by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 120.degree. C., and then subjected to a secondary drawing at 100.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 1.1 times their original length. The filaments were mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain 3-denier fibers. Properties of the fibers are shown in the following Table 9.
TABLE 9__________________________________________________________________________ Fiber property Void WaterExperi- Polymer mixture Porosity, Surface absorp-ment parts V area, A tionnumber [I] [II] [III] (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________100 85 15 0.5 0.41 2.01 ##STR95## 43 good in luster and in Present invention101 " " 2 0.40 1.97 ##STR96## 43 good in luster and in Present invention102 " " 5 0.39 1.95 ##STR97## 40 good in luster and in Present invention103 " " 10 0.34 1.96 ##STR98## 36 good in luster and in Present invention104 " " 30 0.26 1.74 ##STR99## 29 good in luster and in Present invention105 " " 50 0.16 1.03 ##STR100## 17 good in luster and in Present invention106 " " 60 0.03 0.36 ##STR101## 5 poor heat resistance Comparative sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 11
A polymer mixture consisting of 85 parts of an acrylic polymer (I), which had a composition of AN:MA:SAS=90.3:9.0:0.7(%), 15 parts of cellulose acetate (II) and 2 parts of an acrylic copolymer (III), which was a copolymer of 90% of AN and 10% of a monomer shown by the following general formula, was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution containing 27% of the polymer mixture. The extrusion of the spinning solution, and the after-treatment of the extruded filaments were carried out under the same condition as described in Example 10 to obtain 3-denier fibers.
The general formula of the above described monomer is as follows:
CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--COOX
wheren X represents R.sub.2 or ##STR102## (R.sub.2, R.sub.3, l and m are shown in the following Table 10).
Properties of the resulting fibers are shown in Table 10.
TABLE 10__________________________________________________________________________ Fiber property Void WaterExperi- Porosity, Surface absorp-ment Monomer V area, A tionnumber R.sub.2 R.sub.3 l m (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) V/A (%) Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________107 H -- -- -- 0.34 1.51 ##STR103## 35 good in luster and dyeability Present invention108 -- H 8 0 0.40 1.99 ##STR104## 43 good in luster and dyeability Present invention109 -- H 0 15 0.42 2.10 ##STR105## 44 good in luster and dyeability Present invention110 -- CH.sub.3 10 15 0.43 2.15 ##STR106## 46 good in luster and dyeability Present invention111 -- H 20 20 0.45 2.17 ##STR107## 48 good in luster and dyeability Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 12
A polymer mixture consisting of 90 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.5:9.0:0.5(%), and 10 parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution containing 23% of the polymer mixture. The spinning solution was extruded for a spinneret into a coagulation bath consisting of 60% of DMF and 40% of water and kept at a temperature shown in the following Table 11, and then the extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 5 times their original length. The primarily drawn filaments were washed with water, dried so that the water content of the filaments would be decreased to not more than 1%, and then subjected to a secondary drawing at 110.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 1.4 times their original length. The secondarily drawn filaments were mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain 2-denier fibers. Properties of the fibers are shown in the following Table 11.
The fiber of Experiment No. 114 had a porosity of 1.10 cm.sup.3 /g before drying, a porosity of 0.213 cm.sup.3 /g after drying (before secondary drawing), and a porosity of 0.336 cm.sup.3 /g after secondary drawing.
TABLE 11__________________________________________________________________________Coagula-tion Fiber propertybath Water Yarn property DyeabilityExperi- tempera- Ratio of absorp- Elonga- (depth and Heatment ture microvoid tion Strength tion brilliancy) resist-number (.degree.C.) (%) (%) (g/d) (%) (grade) ance Remarks__________________________________________________________________________112 10 7.8 38 3.4 37 4 good Present invention113 15 7.7 35 3.3 39 4 good Present invention114 20 11.8 37 3.2 38 4 good Present invention115 25 15.7 39 3.2 37 3 .about. 4 good Present invention116 30 19.3 41 3.1 34 3 good Present invention117 35 34.0 43 2.7 29 2 somewhat Comparative poor sample118 40 49.0 45 2.4 25 1 .about. 2 poor Comparative sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 13
A polymer component A consisting of (100-C) parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.6:9.0:0.4(%), and C parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution A containing 22% of the polymer component A. A polymer component B consisting of the same acrylic polymer as used in the polymer component A was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution B containing 22% of the polymer component B. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded in a conjugate ratio of 5/5 (weight ratio) from a spinneret designed for side-by-side conjugate spinning into a coagulation bath consisting of a 65% DMF aqueous solution kept at 20.degree. C.
The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 6 times their original length. The primarily drawn filaments were dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 120.degree. C. until the water content of the filaments was decreased to 0.7%, and then subjected to a secondary drawing at 100.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 1.1 times their original length. The secondarily drawn filaments were mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain 3-denier fibers. The resulting acrylic composite fibers had substantially no latent crimpability. Properties of the fibers are shown in the following Table 12.
TABLE 12__________________________________________________________________________Polymercompo- Void Fiber propertyExperi- nent A Surface Waterment C Porosity area absorp-number (parts) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) tion (%) Dyeability Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________119 0 0.00 0.00 4 good good luster Comparative sample120 1 0.021 0.28 6 good good luster Comparative sample121 2 0.074 0.72 11 good good luster Present invention122 5 0.137 0.88 17 good good luster Present invention123 10 0.221 1.02 25 good good luster Present invention124 20 0.305 1.22 33 good good luster Present invention125 40 0.609 1.58 62 good good luster Present invention126 50 0.714 1.83 72 somewhat good luster Present poor invention127 60 0.924 2.16 92 poor poor yarn property and Comparative somewhat poor luster sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 14
A polymer component A consisting of (100-C) parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:AM:SMAS=90.6:9.0:0.4(%), and C parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution A containing 22% of the polymer component A. A polymer component B consisting of an acrylic polymer having a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.4:9.0:0.6(%) was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution B containing 22% of the polymer component B. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded in various conjugate ratios from a spinneret, which was designed for bonding the spinning solutions A and B in a side-by-side relation, into a coagulation bath consisting of a 65% DMF aqueous solution kept at 20.degree. C. Then, the extruded filaments were subjected to after-treatments in the same manner as described in Example 13 to obtain 3-denier acrylic composite fibers. Properties of the composite fibers are shown in the following Table 13. The resulting composite fibers had substantially no latent crimpability.
TABLE 13(a)__________________________________________________________________________Polymer Conjugatecompo- ratio of Void Fiber propertyExperi- nent A A/B Surface Waterment C (weight Porosity area Absorp-number (parts) ratio) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) tion (%) Dyeability Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________128 2 1/9 0.01 0.17 4 good poor water absorption Comparative sample129 2 2/8 0.03 0.33 6 good somewhat poor water Present absorption invention130 2 3/7 0.04 0.49 7 good somewhat poor water Present absorption invention131 2 5/5 0.06 0.81 12 good Present invention132 2 7/3 0.09 0.93 12 good Present invention133 2 8/2 0.10 1.07 13 good Present invention134 2 9/1 0.12 1.46 14 somewhat Comparative poor sample135 10 1/9 0.03 0.21 4 good poor water absorption Comparative sample136 10 2/8 0.07 0.41 13 good Present invention137 10 3/7 0.13 0.63 17 good Present invention138 10 5/5 0.24 1.02 27 good Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 13(b)__________________________________________________________________________Polymer Conjugatecompo- ratio of Void Fiber propertyExperi- nent A A/B Surface Waterment C (weight Porosity area Absorp-number (parts) ratio) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) tion (%) Dyeability Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________139 10 6/4 0.25 1.22 28 good Present invention140 10 7/3 0.29 1.44 32 good Present invention141 10 8/2 0.32 1.63 35 somewhat somewhat poor luster Present poor invention142 10 9/1 0.38 1.84 41 poor poor luster Comparative sample143 30 1/9 0.06 0.28 7 good poor water absorption Comparative sample144 30 2/8 0.12 0.54 14 good Present invention145 30 3/7 0.18 0.83 21 good Present invention146 30 5/5 0.24 1.39 33 good Present invention147 30 6/4 0.35 1.68 39 good Present invention148 30 7/3 0.41 1.91 42 somewhat somewhat poor luster Present poor invention149 30 8/2 0.47 2.20 49 somewhat somewhat poor luster Present poor invention__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 13(c)__________________________________________________________________________Polymer Conjugatecompo- ratio of Void Fiber propertyExperi- nent A A/B Surface Waterment C (weight Porosity area Absorp-number (parts) ratio) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) (%) Dyeability Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________150 30 9/1 0.53 2.48 54 poor poor luster Comparative sample151 50 1/9 0.04 0.31 10 good poor water absorption Comparative sample152 50 2/8 0.24 0.74 27 good Present invention153 50 3/7 0.39 1.12 43 good Present invention154 50 5/5 0.68 1.86 71 good Present invention155 50 6/4 0.79 2.23 85 somewhat somewhat poor luster Comparative poor sample156 50 7/3 0.97 2.61 97 somewhat poor in luster and Comparative poor in yarn property sample157 50 8/2 1.07 2.98 110 poor poor in luster and Comparative in yarn property sample158 50 9/1 1.21 3.38 126 poor poor in luster and Comparative in yarn property sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 15
A polymer component A consisting of 85 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.4:9.0:0.6(%), and 15 parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution A containing 22% of the polymer component A. A polymer component B consisting of the same acrylic polymer as used in the polymer component A was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution B containing 22% of the polymer component B. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded from a spinneret in a side-by-side relation and in a conjugate ratio (weight ratio) of component A/component B of 5/5 into a coagulation bath consisting of 60% of DMF and 40% of water and kept at a temperature shown in the following Table 14. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 5 times their original length. Then, the primarily drawn filaments were washed with water, dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 120.degree. C. until the water content of the filaments was decreased to not more than 1%, and then subjected to a secondary drawing at 110.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 1.2 times their original length. The secondarily drawn filaments were mechanically crimped and the crimps were set to obtain 2-denier composite fibers. Properties of the fibers are shown in Table 14. The evaluation of the dyeability was carried out in the same manner as described in Example 9.
TABLE 14__________________________________________________________________________ Fiber property Coagulation DyeabilityExperi- bath Ratio of Water Yarn property (depth andment temperature microvoid absorp- Strength Elongation brilliancy)number (.degree.C.) (%) tion (%) (g/d) (%) (grade) Remarks__________________________________________________________________________159 10 7.4 27 3.5 41 4 .about. 5 Present invention160 15 7.2 27 3.3 39 4 Present invention161 20 11.3 29 3.4 38 4 Present invention162 25 15.1 30 3.2 34 4 Present invention163 30 19.7 31 3.0 33 3 .about. 4 Present invention164 35 35.6 33 2.6 28 2 Comparative sample165 40 51.2 32 2.4 28 2 Comparative sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 16
A polymer component A consisting of 80 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=91.5:8.0:0.5(%), and 20 parts of cellulose acetate and a polymer component B consisting of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=89.0:10.5:0.5(%), were separately dissolved in DMF to prepare spinning solutions A and B containing 23% of the polymer components A and B, respectively. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded from a spinneret in a conjugate ratio (weight ratio) of component A/component B of 5/5 and in a side-by-side relation into a coagulation bath consisting of a 56% DMF aqueous solution kept at 20.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing in a draw ratio shown in the following Table 15. The primarily drawn filaments were washed with water, dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 125.degree. C. until the water content of the filaments were decreased to 0.7%, and then subjected to a secondary drawing at 115.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 1.4 times their original length. The secondarily drawn filaments were mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain a composite fiber having latent crimpability. Properties of the resulting composite fibers are shown in Table 15.
TABLE 15__________________________________________________________________________Draw Fiber propertyExperi- ratio in Waterment primary absorp-number drawing tion (%) Dyeability Others Operability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________166 2 39.7 poor whitening yarn breakage occurs Comparative often after drying sample167 2.5 39.4 substantially somewhat Present good whitening invention168 3 37.5 good good yarn good crimp developing Present property property invention169 4 35.6 good good yarn good crimp developing Present property property invention170 6 36.7 good good yarn good crimp developing Present property property invention171 8 35.3 good good yarn good crimp developing Present property property invention172 9 24.7 good good yarn yarn breakage occurs Comparative property often during the sample primary drawing173 10 16.5 somewhat poor uneven luster yarn breakage occurs Comparative often during the sample primary drawing__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 17
A polymer component A consisting of 70 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.6:9.0:0.4(%), and 30 parts of cellulose acetate, and a polymer component B consisting of the same acrylic polymer as used in the polymer component A, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.6:9.0:0.4(%), was dissolved in DMF to prepare spinning solutions A and B containing 25% of the polymer components A and B, respectively. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded from a spinneret in a conjugate ratio (weight ratio) of component A/component B of 5/5 and in a side-by-side relation into a coagulation bath consisting of a 60% DMF aqueous solution kept at 25.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 4 times their original length. The primarily drawn filaments were washed with water, dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at a temperature shown in the following Table 16 until the water content of the filaments was decreased to not more than 0.8%, and then subjected to a secondary drawing at 105.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 1.6 times their original length. The secondarily drawn filaments were mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain 3-denier composite fibers. Properties of the fibers are shown in Table 16.
TABLE 16__________________________________________________________________________ Void Fiber propertyExperi- Drying Surface Waterment temperature Porosity area absorp-number (.degree.C.) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) tion (%) Dyeability Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________174 60 0.56 19.4 58 poor yarn property is poor Comparative and fiber is whitened sample175 80 0.51 16.3 53 poor yarn property is poor Comparative and fiber is whitened sample176 100 0.46 6.88 49 somewhat Present poor invention177 120 0.42 1.57 46 good Present invention178 140 0.37 1.43 40 good Present invention179 160 0.31 1.36 34 good Present invention180 180 0.26 1.14 27 good fiber somewhat colors Present invention181 190 0.21 1.05 24 good fiber colors and Comparative becomes rigid sample182 200 0.18 0.91 22 somewhat fiber colors and Comparative poor becomes rigid sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 18
The same water washed filament tows as those obtained in Example 17, which had been swollen with water, were dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 120.degree. C. until the water content of the tows were decreased to various water contents shown in the following Table 17, and the dried tows were treated under the same after-treatment condition as described in Example 17 to obtain 3-denier fibers. Properties of the fibers are shown in Table 17.
TABLE 17__________________________________________________________________________ Void Fiber propertyExperi- Water Surface Waterment content Porosity area absorp-number (%) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) tion (%) Dyeability Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________183 0.1 0.37 1.28 40 good Present invention184 0.3 0.39 1.41 42 good Present invention185 0.5 0.38 1.34 41 good Present invention186 0.7 0.41 1.49 43 good Present invention187 1.0 0.43 2.48 45 good Present invention188 1.1 0.53 5.69 54 somewhat uneven luster and Comparative poor uneven yarn property sample189 1.5 0.76 13.7 78 poor uneven luster and Comparative uneven yarn property sample190 2.0 0.89 16.4 89 poor uneven luster and Comparative uneven yarn property sample191 5.0 1.30 23.1 126 poor uneven luster and Comparative uneven yarn property sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 19
A polymer component A consisting of 70 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=92.5:7.0:0.5(%), and 30 parts of cellulose acetate, and a polymer component B consisting of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.5:9.0:0.5(%), were separately dissolved in DMF to prepare spinning solutions A and B containing 25% of the polymer components A and B, respectively. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded from a spinneret in a conjugate ratio (weight ratio) of component A/component B of 5/5 and in a side-by-side relation into a coagulation bath consisting of a 60% DMF aqueous solution kept at 18.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 5 times their original length. The primarily drawn filaments were washed with water, dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 120.degree. C. while blowing hot air kept at 130.degree. C. until the water content of the filaments was decreased to 0.7%, and then subjected to a secondary drawing under a condition shown in the following Table 18. The secondarily drawn filaments were mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain composite fibers having a latent crimpability. Properties of the fibers are shown in Table 18.
TABLE 18(a)__________________________________________________________________________Secondarydrawing condition Fiber propertyExperi- Tempera- Waterment ture Draw absorp-number (.degree.C.) ratio tion (%) Dyeability Others Operability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________192 100 0.9 39 good good luster good Present invention193 100 1.0 43 good good luster good Present invention194 100 1.5 41 good good luster good Present invention195 100 2 36 good good luster good Present invention196 100 3 31 somewhat somewhat poor in some yarn breakage Present poor luster and in invention yarn property197 110 0.9 44 good good luster good Present invention198 110 1.0 45 good good luster good Present invention199 110 1.5 41 good good luster good Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 18(b)__________________________________________________________________________Secondarydrawing condition Fiber propertyExperi- Tempera- Waterment ture Draw absorp-number (.degree.C.) ratio tion (%) Dyeability Others Operability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________200 110 2 38 good good luster good Present invention201 110 3 31 somewhat somewhat poor in some yarn breakage Present poor luster and in invention yarn property202 110 4 -- -- -- frequent yarn Comparative breakage and poor sample operability203 120 0.85 35 good good luster good Present invention204 120 1.0 41 good good luster good Present invention205 120 2 36 good good luster good Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 18(c)__________________________________________________________________________Secondarydrawing condition Fiber propertyExperi- Tempera- Waterment ture Draw absorp-number (.degree.C.) ratio tion (%) Dyeability Others Operability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________206 120 3 29 somewhat somewhat poor in some yarn breakage Present poor luster and in invention yarn property207 120 4 18 somewhat somewhat poor in frequent yarn Comparative poor luster and in breakage sample yarn property208 130 0.8 33 good good luster good Present invention209 130 1.0 35 good good luster good Present invention210 130 2 31 good good luster good Present invention211 130 3 25 somewhat somewhat poor in some yarn breakage Present poor luster and in invention yarn property212 130 4 16 somewhat somewhat poor in frequent yarn Comparative poor luster and in breakage sample yarn property__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 20
A polymer component A consisting of (100-C) parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=(99.5-x):x:0.5(%), and C parts of cellulose acetate, and a polymer component B consisting of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=(99.5-y):y:0.5(%), were separately dissolved in DMF to prepare spinning solutions A and B containing 23% of the polymer components A and B, respectively. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded from a spinneret in a conjugate ratio (weight ratio) of component A/component B of 5/5 and in a side-by-side relation into a coagulation bath consisting of a 56% DMF aqueous solution kept at 15.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 4 times their original length. The primarily drawn filaments were washed with water, dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 125.degree. C. until the water content of the filaments was decreased to 0.5%, and subjected to a secondary drawing at 115.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 1.3 times their original length, and the secondarily drawn filaments were subjected to a primary shrinking at 130.degree. C. under wet heat to shrink the filaments to 0.9 time their original length.
Then, in order to improve the crimpability of the filaments, the above treated filaments were further subjected to a tertiary drawing at 180.degree. C. under dry heat to draw the filaments to 1.4 times their original length, and the above drawn filaments were subjected to a secondary shrinking at 150.degree. C. under dry heat to shrink the filaments to 0.9 times their original length. Then, the above treated filaments were mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain 3-denier composite fibers having a latent crimpability. The composite fiber obtained in the present invention has substantially the same crimpability as that of comparative sample and further has improved dyeability and water-absorbing property. Properties of the above obtained fibers are shown in the following Table 19.
TABLE 19__________________________________________________________________________Polymer component Fiber propertyExperi- Component A Component B Waterment x C y absorptionnumber (%) (parts) (%) (%) Dyeability Crimpability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________213 7 10 9 24 good good Present invention214 7 20 9 31 good good Present invention215 7 30 9 35 good good Present invention216 10 10 8 21 good good Present invention217 10 20 8 29 good good Present invention218 10 30 8 34 good good Present invention219 7 0 9 4 good good Comparative sample220 10 0 8 4 good good Comparative sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 21
A polymer component A consisting of 70 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=91.5:8.0:0.5(%), 30 parts of cellulose acetate and 10 parts of an acrylic copolymer having a composition of AN:CH.sub.2 =CHCOO--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.20 H=90:10(%), and a component polymer B consisting of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=89.5:10.0:0.5(%), were separately dissolved in DMF to prepare spinning solutions A and B containing 23% of the polymer components A and B, respectively. The spinning solutions A and B were conjugate spun in a conjugate ratio (weight ratio) of component A/component B of 5/5. The spinning and the after-treatment were effected under the same spinning and after-treatment conditions as described in Example 20 to obtain 3-denier composite fibers having a latent crimpability.
The resulting composite fiber had a porosity of 0.20 cm.sup.3 /g, a surface area of voids of 1.13 m.sup.2 /g and a water absorption of 27%. In the fiber, crimps were able to be easily developed by treating the fibers with boiling water at 100.degree. C. for 5 minutes. The crimped fiber had a strength of 2.7 g/d, an elongation of 32.3%, a number of crimps of 32 per inch of fiber, a percentage crimp of 46%, an elastic recovery of crimp of 74% and a residual percentage crimp of 34%, and further had an excellent bulkiness.
EXAMPLE 22
A polymer component A consisting of (100-C.sub.1) parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=92.4:7.0:0.6(%), and C.sub.1 parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution A consisting of 23% of the polymer component A. A polymer component B consisting of (100-C.sub.2) parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.4:9.0:0.6(%), and C.sub.2 parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution B containing 23% of the polymer component B. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded from a spinneret in a conjugate ratio of component A/component B of 1:1 and in a side-by-side relation into a coagulation bath consisting of a 56% DMF aqueous solution kept at 16.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 4 times their original length, washed with water and then dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 125.degree. C. until the water content of the filaments was decreased to 0.7%. The dried filaments were subjected to a secondary drawing at 110.degree. C. under wet heat to draw the filaments to 1.6 times their original length, the secondarily drawn filaments were subjected to a primary shrinking at 125.degree. C. under wet heat to shrink the filaments to 0.9 time their original length, the primarily shrunk filaments were subjected to a tertiary drawing at 180.degree. C. under dry heat to draw the filaments to 1.4 times their original length, and then the drawn filaments were subjected to a secondary shrinking at 150.degree. C. under dry heat to shrink the filaments to 0.9 times their original length. The above treated filaments were mechanically crimped and the crimps were set to obtain composite fibers having a latent crimpability. Properties of the composite fibers are shown in the following Table 20.
TABLE 20(a)__________________________________________________________________________ Void Fiber propertyExperi- Polymer component Surface Waterment C.sub.1 C.sub.2 Porosity area absorp-number (parts) (parts) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) tion (%) Dyeability Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________221 2 2 0.105 1.35 14 good Present invention222 2 10 0.231 1.62 26 good Present invention223 2 20 0.294 1.84 33 good Present invention224 2 30 0.357 2.01 38 good Present invention225 2 50 0.731 2.56 77 somewhat somewhat poor Present poor in strength and invention in elongation226 2 60 0.945 2.94 94 poor poor in strength Comparative and in elongation sample227 10 2 0.245 1.43 27 good Present invention228 10 10 0.357 1.76 38 good Present invention229 10 30 0.483 1.89 50 good Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 20(b)__________________________________________________________________________ Void Fiber propertyExperi- Polymer component Surface Waterment C.sub.1 C.sub.2 Porosity area absorp-number (parts) (parts) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) tion (%) Dyeability Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________230 10 50 0.851 1.91 84 somewhat poor in strength Comparative poor and in elongation sample231 30 10 0.473 1.94 49 good Present invention232 30 30 0.578 2.57 60 somewhat somewhat poor Present poor in strength and invention in elongation233 30 50 0.945 3.48 100 poor poor in strength Comparative and in elongation sample234 2 10 0.231 1.62 25 good Present invention235 10 10 0.353 1.75 39 good Present invention236 30 10 0.476 1.94 51 good Present invention237 50 10 0.735 2.41 74 somewhat somewhat poor Present poor in strength and invention in elongation__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 20(c)__________________________________________________________________________ Void Fiber propertyExperi- Polymer component Surface Waterment C.sub.1 C.sub.2 Porosity area absorp-number (parts) (parts) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) tion (%) Dyeability Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________238 60 10 1.007 2.98 117 poor poor in strength Comparative and in elongation sample239 2 30 0.315 1.88 33 good Present invention240 10 30 0.469 1.93 49 good Present invention241 30 30 0.563 2.57 58 somewhat somewhat poor Present poor in strength and invention in elongation242 50 30 0.913 3.49 92 poor poor in strength Comparative and in elongation sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 23
A polymer component A consisting of (100-C.sub.1) parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=92.4:7.0:0.6(%), and C.sub.1 parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution A containing 23% of the polymer component A. A polymer component B consisting of (100-C.sub.2) parts of an acrylic copolymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=89.4:10.0:0.6(%), and C.sub.2 parts of cellulose acetate was dissolved in DMF to prepare a spinning solution B containing 23% of the polymer component B. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded from a spinneret in various conjugate ratios (weight ratio of component A/component B) shown in the following Table 21 and in a side-by-side relation into a coagulation bath consisting of a 56% DMF aqueous solution kept at 16.degree. C. The spinning, drawing and after-treatment were carried out under the same conditions as described in Example 22 to obtain 3-denier composite fibers having a latent crimpability. The fibers were treated in hot water kept at 100.degree. C. for 5 minutes to develop crimps. Properties of the fibers are shown in Table 21.
TABLE 21(a)__________________________________________________________________________Polymer Fiber propertyExperi- component Conjugate Void Water Number ofment C.sub.1 C.sub.2 ratio Porosity absorption crimps/number (parts) (parts) A/B (cm.sup.3 /g) (%) inch Remarks__________________________________________________________________________243 2 28 8/2 0.205 23 11 Comparative sample244 2 28 7/3 0.221 25 23 Present invention245 2 28 6/4 0.293 33 44 Present invention246 2 28 5/5 0.339 35 52 Present invention247 2 28 4/6 0.374 39 48 Present invention248 2 28 3/7 0.416 44 29 Present invention249 2 28 2/8 0.473 49 13 Comparative sample250 7 23 8/2 0.320 35 14 Comparative sample251 7 23 7/3 0.343 34 25 Present invention252 7 23 6/4 0.364 38 48 Present invention253 7 23 5/5 0.381 41 61 Present invention254 7 23 4/6 0.409 43 50 Present invention255 7 23 3/7 0.429 45 31 Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 21(b)__________________________________________________________________________Polymer Fiber propertyExperi- component Conjugate Void Water Number ofment C.sub.1 C.sub.2 ratio Porosity absorption crimps/number (parts) (parts) A/B (cm.sup.3 /g) (%) inch Remarks__________________________________________________________________________256 7 23 2/8 0.453 48 17 Comparative sample257 15 15 8/2 0.403 41 13 Comparative sample258 15 15 7/3 0.414 43 25 Present invention259 15 15 5/5 0.404 45 54 Present invention260 15 15 3/7 0.407 41 29 Present invention261 15 15 2/8 0.409 43 16 Comparative sample262 10 10 8/2 0.357 37 15 Comparative sample263 10 10 7/3 0.363 39 26 Present invention264 10 10 6/4 0.351 36 47 Present invention265 10 10 5/5 0.349 37 58 Present invention266 10 10 4/6 0.353 38 51 Present invention267 10 10 3/7 0.364 38 34 Present invention268 10 10 2/8 0.358 37 17 Comparative sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 24
A polymer component A consisting of 90 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:(M-1):SMAS=(99.5-x):x:0.5(%), and 10 parts of cellulose acetate, and a polymer component B consisting of 90 parts of an acrylic copolymer, which had a composition of AN:(M-2):SMAS=(99.5-y):y:0.5(%), and 10 parts of cellulose acetate were separately dissolved in DMF to prepare spinning solutions A and B containing 25% of the polymer components A and B, respectively. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded from a spinneret in a conjugate ratio (weight ratio of component A/component B) of 5/5 and in a side-by-side relation into a coagulation bath consisting of a 56% DMF aqueous solution kept at 20.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 5 times their original length, washed with water, and then dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 125.degree. C. until the water content of the filaments was decreased to not more than 0.7%. After the drying, the dried filaments were treated under the same conditions as described in Example 22 to obtain 3-denier composite fibers having a latent crimpability. The fibers were treated in hot water kept at 100.degree. C. for 5 minutes to develop crimps.
Properties of the fibers are shown in the following Table 22.
TABLE 22(a)__________________________________________________________________________ Fiber propertyPolymer component Water NumberExperi- Polymer A Polymer B Void absorp- ofment x y Porosity tion crimps/ Crimp-number M-1 (%) M-2 (%) (cm.sup.3 /g) (%) inch ability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________269 methyl acrylate 5 methyl acrylate 6 0.347 36 13 poor Comparative sample270 methyl acrylate 5 methyl acrylate 6.5 0.349 37 16 poor Comparative sample271 methyl acrylate 5 methyl acrylate 7 0.351 37 34 high Present invention272 methyl acrylate 5 methyl acrylate 7.5 0.356 38 47 high Present invention273 methyl acrylate 5 methyl acrylate 8 0.371 40 53 high Present invention274 methyl acrylate 6 methyl acrylate 7 0.353 36 11 poor Comparative sample275 methyl acrylate 6 methyl acrylate 7.5 0.355 37 15 poor Comparative sample276 methyl acrylate 6 methyl acrylate 8 0.361 36 28 high Present invention277 methyl acrylate 6 methyl acrylate 8.5 0.367 39 39 high Present invention278 methyl acrylate 6 methyl acrylate 9 0.371 39 47 high Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 22(b)__________________________________________________________________________ Fiber propertyPolymer component Water NumberExperi- Polymer A Polymer B Void absorp- ofment x y Porosity tion crimps/ Crimp-number M-1 (%) M-2 (%) (cm.sup.3 /g) (%) inch ability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________279 methyl acrylate 7 methyl acrylate 8 0.357 38 12 poor Comparative sample280 methyl acrylate 7 methyl acrylate 8.5 0.363 38 17 poor Comparative sample281 methyl acrylate 7 methyl acrylate 9 0.361 38 31 high Present invention282 methyl acrylate 7 methyl acrylate 9.5 0.371 39 43 high Present invention283 methyl acrylate 7 methyl acrylate 10 0.365 38 54 high Present invention284 methyl acrylate 9 methyl acrylate 10.5 0.351 37 16 poor Comparative sample285 methyl acrylate 9 methyl acrylate 11 0.353 37 31 high Present invention286 methyl acrylate 9 methyl acrylate 12 0.347 36 45 high Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 22(c)__________________________________________________________________________ Fiber propertyPolymer component Water NumberExperi- Polymer A Polymer B Void absorp- ofment x y Porosity tion crimps/ Crimp-number M-1 (%) M-2 (%) (cm.sup.3 /g) (%) inch ability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________287 methyl acrylate 10 methyl acrylate 11.5 0.341 36 14 poor Comparative sample288 methyl acrylate 10 methyl acrylate 12 0.337 35 29 high Present invention289 methyl acrylate 10 methyl acrylate 13 0.329 34 41 high Present invention290 methyl acrylate 10 methyl acrylate 14 0.325 34 56 high Present invention291 vinyl acetate 9 vinyl acetate 10 0.374 39 11 poor Comparative sample292 vinyl acetate 9 vinyl acetate 10.5 0.377 41 17 poor Comparative sample293 vinyl acetate 9 vinyl acetate 11.0 0.383 40 28 high Present invention294 vinyl acetate 9 vinyl acetate 11.5 0.371 39 37 high Present invention295 vinyl acetate 9 vinyl acetate 12.0 0.363 38 49 high Present invention296 vinyl acetate 9 vinyl acetate 12.5 0.358 37 56 high Present invention__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 22(d)__________________________________________________________________________ Fiber propertyPolymer component Water NumberExperi- Polymer A Polymer B Void absorp- ofment x y Porosity tion crimps/ Crimp-number M-1 (%) M-2 (%) (cm.sup.3 /g) (%) inch ability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________297 a mixture of 8 a mixture of 9(2*) 0.293 31 12 poor Comparative 7% of methyl 7% of methyl Sample acrylate and acrylate and 1% of acryl- acrylamide* amide298 a mixture of 8 a mixture of 9.5(2.5) 0.279 30 19 poor Comparative 7% of methyl 7% of methyl Sample acrylate and acrylate and 1% of acryl- acrylamide* amide299 a mixture of 8 a mixture of 10 (3.0) 0.237 27 31 high Present 7% of methyl 7% of methyl invention acrylate and acrylate and 1% of acryl- acrylamide* amide300 a mixture of 8 a mixture of 10.5(3.5) 0.231 25 43 high Present 7% of methyl 7% of methyl invention acrylate and acrylate and 1% of acryl- acrylamide* amide301 a mixture of 8 a mixture of 11 (4.0) 0.245 26 51 high Present 7% of methyl 7% of methyl invention acrylate and acrylate and 1% of acryl- acrylamide* amide302 methyl acrylate 7 2-hydroxyethyl 9 0.349 37 13 poor Comparative methacrylate sample303 methyl acrylate 7 2-hydroxyethyl 9.5 0.353 38 17 poor Comparative methacrylate sample304 methyl acrylate 7 2-hydroxyethyl 10 0.358 39 28 high Present methacrylate invention305 methyl acrylate 7 2-hydroxyethyl 11 0.361 40 41 high Present methacrylate invention__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 25
A polymer component A consisting of 85 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.6:9.0:0.4(%), and 15 parts of cellulose acetate, and a polymer component B consisting of 85 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=87.5:12.0:0.5(%), and 15 parts of cellulose acetate were separately dissolved in DMF to prepare spinning solutions A and B containing 23% of the polymer components A and B, respectively. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded from a spinneret in a conjugate ratio (weight ratio), of component A:component B of 5:5 and in a side-by-side relation into a coagulation bath consisting of a 65% DMF aqueous solution kept at 15.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing under the condition shown in the following Table 23, and washed with water. Then, the filaments were dried and after-treated under the same conditions as described in Example 22 to obtain composite fibers having a latent crimpability. Properties of the fibers are shown in Table 23.
TABLE 23__________________________________________________________________________ Fiber propertyDraw Void WaterExperi- ratio in Surface absorp-ment primary Porosity area tion Dye-number drawing (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) (%) ability Others Operability Remarks__________________________________________________________________________306 2 0.443 7.64 43 somewhat somewhat poor dried yarn Comparative poor in strength is brittle sample and in elongation307 2.5 0.435 4.35 45 somewhat somewhat poor dried yarn Present poor in strength is brittle invention and in elongation308 3 0.432 2.31 45 good Present invention309 4 0.411 2.08 43 good Present invention310 5 0.403 2.11 45 good Present invention311 6 0.387 2.14 39 good Present invention312 7 0.374 2.31 39 good Present invention313 8 0.351 2.05 37 good Present invention314 9 0.330 1.88 35 good yarn breakage Comparative occurs often sample during spinning315 10 0.289 1.74 31 good yarn breakage Comparative occurs often sample during spinning__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 26
The same spinning solutions A and B as described in Example 25 were extruded from a spinneret in a conjugate ratio of component A:component B of 5:5 and in a side-by-side relation into a coagulation bath consisting of a 65% DMF aqueous solution kept at 15.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 5 times their original length, washed with water and then dried at a drying temperature shown in the following Table 24 until the water content of the filaments was decreased to not more than 0.7%. The dried filaments were subjected to a secondary drawing and the successive after-treatments under the same conditions as described in Example 22 to obtain 3-denier composite fibers having a latent crimpability. Properties of the fibers are shown in Table 24.
TABLE 24__________________________________________________________________________ Fiber propertyDrying Void WaterExperi- tempera- Surface absorp-ment ture Porosity area tion Dye-number (.degree.C.) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) (%) ability Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________ fiber is whitened316 60 0.609 17.1 56 poor and yarn property Comparative is poor sample fiber is whitened317 80 0.537 16.3 50 poor and yarn property Comparative is poor sample318 100 0.411 6.55 43 somewhat Present poor invention319 120 0.403 2.11 45 good Present invention320 140 0.389 1.74 42 good Present invention321 160 0.381 1.57 41 good Present invention322 180 0.368 1.35 39 good Present invention323 190 0.346 1.38 37 good fiber is colored Comparative and becomes brittle sample324 200 0.312 1.19 35 somewhat fiber is colored Comparative poor and becomes brittle sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 27
The same water-washed filament tows as those obtained in Example 26, which had been swollen with water, were dried by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 120.degree. C. until the water content of the tows was decreased to various water contents shown in the following Table 25, and the dried tows were treated under the same after-treatment conditions as described in Example 26 to obtain 3-denier composite fibers having a latent crimpability. Properties of the fibers are shown in Table 25.
TABLE 25__________________________________________________________________________ Fiber property Void WaterExperi- Water Surface absorp-ment content Porosity area tion Dye-number (%) (cm.sup.3 /g) (m.sup.2 /g) (%) ability Others Remarks__________________________________________________________________________325 0.1 0.381 1.74 39 good Present invention326 0.3 0.379 1.83 40 good Present invention327 0.5 0.402 2.09 43 good Present invention328 0.7 0.411 2.13 44 good Present invention329 0.9 0.424 2.17 45 good Present invention330 1.0 0.426 2.16 45 good Present invention331 1.5 0.473 9.31 50 uneven uneven in fineness Comparative and in yarn property sample332 2.0 0.518 16.3 53 uneven uneven in fineness Comparative and in yarn property sample333 5.0 0.780 20.5 71 uneven uneven in fineness Comparative and in yarn property sample__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 28
A polymer component A consisting of 80 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=90.5:9.0:0.5(%), 20 parts of cellulose acetate and 10 parts of an acrylic copolymer, which consisted of AN and a comonomer represented by the formula of CH.sub.2 .dbd.C(R.sub.1)--COO--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.l (CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)O).sub.m R.sub.2 (R.sub.1, R.sub.2, l and m are shown in the following Table 26) in a weight ratio of AN:the comonomer of 90:10, and a polymer component B consisting of 90 parts of an acrylic polymer, which had a composition of AN:MA:SMAS=87.5:12.0:0.5(%), 10 parts of cellulose acetate and 5 parts of the above described acrylic copolymer consisting of AN and the comonomer in the same composition ratio as described above were separately dissolved in DMF to prepare spinning solutions A and B containing 25% of the polymer components A and B, respectively. The spinning solutions A and B were extruded from a spinneret in a conjugate ratio (weight ratio) of component A:component B of 5:5 and in a side-by-side relation into a coagulation bath consisting of a 65% DMF aqueous solution kept at 20.degree. C. The extruded filaments were subjected to a primary drawing to draw the filaments to 5 times their original length, and the primarily drawn filaments were washed with water and then dried until the water content of the filaments was decreased to 0.5% by means of a hot roller type drier kept at 110.degree. C., while blowing hot air kept at 130.degree. C. Then, the above dried filaments were subjected to a secondary drawing to draw the filaments to 1.3 times their original length. Further, in order to improve the crimpability of the filaments, the secondarily drawn filaments were subjected to a primary shrinking at 130.degree. C. under wet heat to shrink the filaments to 0.9 times their original length, the primarily shrunk filaments were subjected to a tertiary drawing at 170.degree. C. under dry heat to draw the filaments to 1.4 times their original length and further the drawn filaments were subjected to a secondary shrinking at 140.degree. C. under dry heat to shrink the filaments to 0.9 times their original length. The thus treated filaments were mechanically crimped, and the crimps were set to obtain 3-denier composite fibers having a latent crimpability. When the fibers were treated with boiling water kept at 100.degree. C. for 5 minutes, crimps were able to be easily developed in the fibers. The following Table 26 shows the states of void and fiber properties, before and after crimps are developed, of the composite fibers obtained by varying R.sub.1, R.sub.2, l and m of the comonomer in the acrylic copolymer. It can be seen from Table 26 that all the above obtained composite fibers have excellent fiber property and water absorption.
TABLE 26__________________________________________________________________________ After Crimping Before Crimping Fiber property Fiber property Crimp property Wa- Wa- Elas- Void ter Void ter Per- tic ResidualExper- Comonomer Poros- Sur- ab- Elon- Poros- Sur- ab- Number cent- recov- per-iment in acrylic ity face sorp- ga- ity face sorp- of age ery centagenum- copolymer (cm.sup.3 / area tion Strength tion (cm.sup.3 / area tion crimps/ crimp crimp crimpber R.sub.1 R.sub.2 l m g) (m.sup.2 /g) (%) (g/d) (%) g) (m.sup.2 /g) (%) inch (%) (%) (%)__________________________________________________________________________334 H H 0 0 0.351 1.98 37 3.1 39 0.355 2.13 36 50 52 56 29335 H H 10 0 0.338 1.83 35 3.2 41 0.341 2.07 36 51 55 55 30336 H H 10 10 0.335 2.01 35 3.0 40 0.339 2.15 35 48 50 66 33337 CH.sub.3 H 15 10 0.364 2.15 39 3.2 38 0.368 2.19 38 53 57 62 35338 CH.sub.3 CH.sub.3 15 20 0.657 2.07 37 3.1 39 0.362 2.24 30 55 59 63 37__________________________________________________________________________

Number	Date	Country
54-77046	Jun 1979	JPX
54-77049	Jun 1979	JPX
54-127065	Oct 1979	JPX
54-127066	Oct 1979	JPX

Number	Date	Country
39-14029	Jul 1964	JPX
39-14030	Jul 1964	JPX
42-6014	Mar 1967	JPX
43-551	Jan 1968	JPX
44-11969	May 1969	JPX

Porous acrylic synthetic fibers comprising cellulose acetate in an acrylic matrix

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