Claims
- 1. The method of modifying or degrading lignin in wood or pulp comprising treating the wood with a lignin modifying or degrading effective amount of a compound of the formula: ##STR5## wherein M is a transition metal capable of sustaining oxidation, said M being optionally axially ligated to a ligand, each Y and Y.sup.o is independently H, fluoro or chloro, each R ring is ##STR6## X and X.sup.o are independently H or a non-water solubilizing electronegative group, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are independently H or an electronegative group, subject to the provisos that:
- 1) when none of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is in a water solubilizing group, then at least one of Y and Y.sup.o on each porphyrin ring is other than H,
- 2) when Y and Y.sup.o are both H, at least one but not more than two of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is a water solubilizing group and at least two of X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is a non-water solubilizing electronegative group, or the water soluble salts thereof in which said water solubilizing groups are in corresponding water soluble salt form, and
- 3) no more than two of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is a water solubliizing group,
- or a compound of the formula I in which the water solubilizing groups are in water soluble salt form.
- 2. The method of claim 1 in which the wood is in the form of wood chips.
- 3. The method of claim 1 in which the wood is thermal mechanical pulp.
- 4. The method of claim 2 in which kraft pulp is bleached.
- 5. A method according to claim 1 wherein
- X and X.sup.o are independently H, fluoro, chloro, bromo or NO.sub.2, and
- X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are independently H, fluoro, chloro, bromo, SO.sub.3 H, COOH or NO.sub.2, subject to the provisos that
- 1) when none of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is SO.sub.3 H or COOH, then at least one Y and Y.sup.o on each porphyrin ring is other than H,
- 2) when Y and Y.sup.o are both H, at least one but not more than two of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is SO.sub.3 H or COOH, and at least two of X and X.sup.o and the X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 which are not SO.sub.3 or COOH are independently fluoro, chloro, bromo, or NO.sub.2 and
- 3) no more than two of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are SO.sub.3 H or COOH, or a compound of formula I in which SO.sub.3 H and COOH groups are in water soluble salt form.
- 6. A method according to claim 5 wherein each Y and Y.sup.o independently H, fluoro or chloro, and at least one Y and Y.sup.o on each porphyrin ring is fluoro or chloro.
- 7. A method according to claim 1 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are H; and
- Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 8. A method according to claim 1 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X.sup.o and X are Cl;
- X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are H; and
- Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 9. A method according to claim 1 wherein
- M is Fe; and
- X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 10. A method according to claim 1 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 are H;
- X.sub.2 is SO.sub.3 H; and
- X and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 11. A method according to claim 1 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X and X.sup.o are Cl;
- X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are H;
- X.sub.3 is SO.sub.3 H; and
- Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 12. In the method of hydroxylating an alkane or cycloalkane by oxidation in the presence of a catalytic effective amount of a porphyrin, the improvement comprising employing therein as the porphyrin a compound of the formula: ##STR7## wherein M is a transition metal capable of sustaining oxidation, said M being optionally axially ligated to a ligand, each Y and Y.sup.o is independently H, fluoro or chloro, each R ring is ##STR8## X and X.sup.o are independently H or a non-water solubilizing electronegative group, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are independently H or an electronegative group, subject to the provisos that:
- 1) when none of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is in a water solubilizing group, then at least one of Y and Y.sup.o on each porphyrin ring is other than H,
- 2) when Y and Y.sup.o are both H, at least one but not more than two of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is a water solubilizing group and at least two of X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is a non-water solubilizing electronegative group, or the water soluble salts thereof in which said water solubilizing groups are in corresponding water soluble salt form, and
- 3) no more than two of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is a water solubilizing group,
- or a compound of the formula I in which any water solubilizing groups is in water soluble salt form.
- 13. The method of claim 12 in which the hydroxylation is carried out in an inert organic solvent in which the porphyrin is dissolved.
- 14. A method according to claim 12 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are H; and
- Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 15. A method according to claim 12 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X and X.sup.o are Cl;
- X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are H; and
- Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 16. A method according to claim 12 wherein
- M is Fe; and
- X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 17. A method according to claim 12 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 are H;
- X.sub.2 is SO.sub.3 H; and
- Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 18. A method according to claim 12 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X and X.sup.o are Cl;
- X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are H;
- X.sub.3 is SO.sub.3 H; and
- Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 19. In the method of epoxidizing an alkene or cycloalkene by oxidation in the presence of a porphyrin, the improvement comprising employing therein as the porphyrin a compound of the formula: ##STR9## wherein M is a transition metal capable of sustaining oxidation, said M being optionally axially ligated to a ligand, each Y and Y.sup.o is independently H, fluoro or chloro, each R ring is ##STR10## X and X.sup.o are independently H or a non-water solubilizing electronegative group, and X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are independently H or an electronegative group, subject to the provisos that:
- 1) when none of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is in a water solubilizing group, then at least one of Y and Y.sup.o on each porphyrin ring is other than H,
- 2) when Y and Y.sup.o are both H, at least one but not more than two of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is a water solubilizing group and at least two of X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is a non-water solubilizing electronegative group, or the water soluble salts thereof in which said water solubilizing groups are in corresponding water soluble salt form, or a compound of the formula I in which the water solubilizing groups are in water soluble salt form,
- 3) no more than two of X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 is a water solubilizing group,
- or a compound of the formula I in which any water solubilizing groups is in water soluble salt form.
- 20. The method of claim 19 in which the epoxidation is carried out in an inert organic solvent in which the porphyrin is dissolved.
- 21. A method according to claim 19 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are H; and
- Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 22. A method according to claim 19 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X and X.sup.o are Cl;
- X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.3 are H; and
- Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 23. A method according to claim 19 wherein
- M is Fe; and
- X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1, X.sub.2, X.sub.3, Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 24. A method according to claim 19 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X, X.sup.o, X.sub.1 and X.sub.3 are H;
- X.sub.2 is SO.sub.3 H; and
- Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
- 25. A method according to claim 19 wherein
- M is Fe;
- X and X.sup.o are Cl;
- X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 are H;
- X.sub.3 is SO.sub.3 H; and
- Y and Y.sup.o are Cl.
Parent Case Info
This is a division of application Ser. No. 07/181,859, filed Apr. 15, 1988, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,892,941, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 07/039,566, filed Apr. 17, 1987, now abandoned.
Non-Patent Literature Citations (3)
Entry |
Wright et al., J. Wood Chem. & Tech., 4(1), 1984, pp. 61-74. |
Shimada et al., Biochem. Biophysis Res. Comm., 122(3), 1984, pp. 1247-1257. |
Dolphin, The Biochemistry of Iron, D. Reidel Publishing Co., (1982), pp. 283-294. |
Divisions (1)
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Number |
Date |
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Parent |
181859 |
Apr 1988 |
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Continuation in Parts (1)
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Date |
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39566 |
Apr 1987 |
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