Patent Application
20190275443
The present invention relates to a portable extraction device, particularly to a portable extraction device capable of extracting at least one constituent from a substance by an extraction fluid constituted by a subcritical fluid.
Currently, supercritical fluids are usually used in existed extraction equipment and method, but supercritical liquefied gases need to be operated under relative high pressure. For example, the supercritical pressure used with CO2 is above 7.3 MPa, and the subcritical pressure used for example with tetrafluroethane is around 0.6 MPa. Therefore, supercritical fluid equipment requires high capital investment for pressurized equipment. Although a volatile solvent as tetrafluoretaine in subcritical pressure behaves as CO2 in a supercritical pressure. Similar results may be obtained by utilizing non-volatile solvents as alcohols, methanol, ethanol, etc.
In the extraction process, subcritical fluid compared to the supercritical fluid is operating under significantly lower pressure and low temperature conditions. The use of subcritical fluids with given kinetics offers certain advantages to the extraction process and the equipment design compared with highly pressurized liquids in their supercritical state. Selecting a subcritical fluid with low viscosity and a high diffusity will lead to high extraction kinetics. Under those conditions, the extraction of subcritical fluid can be used to replace the extraction of supercritical fluid, thereby allowing engineers to exploit the typical subcritical benefits at more reasonable costs.
It is one objective of the present invention to provide a portable extraction device, in which at least one constituted of a substance can be extracted under a relatively low pressure with a subcritical fluid, and users can perform the extraction process with reasonable costs.
For achieving above objective, the present invention provides a portable extraction device, which comprises an extractor, an evaporator, a temperature adjusting element, a pump and a condenser. The extractor is for placing and mixing the substance and the extraction fluid, the constituent in the substance will be dissolved into the extraction fluid under a predetermined pressure and a predetermined temperature. The evaporator receives the extraction fluid including the constituent from the extractor, and heats the extraction fluid including the constituent so as to gasify the extraction fluid and therefore separate the constituent from the gasified extraction fluid. The condenser receives the gasified extraction fluid from the evaporator via first pipe, liquefies the extraction fluid, and transmits the liquefied extraction fluid to the extractor via second pipe. The pump is evacuating the gases from the evaporator and liquifies them in the condenser. Accordingly the extractor, the evaporator, the temperature adjusting element, the pump and the condenser can be built as a single column so as to facilitate the user to carry the extraction device.
It is one objective of the present invention to provide a portable extraction device, in which the extractor, the evaporator, and the condenser are operated under a constant pressure.
It is one objective of the present invention to provide a portable extraction device, in which one can execute multiple stages of separation processes to allow the extraction fluid and the constituent to be completely separated.
Referring to
A subcritical fluid (or a fluid in subcritical state) is a liquefied gas, which is obtained by increasing pressure to let gas passes into liquefied existence when the temperature of the gas is higher than boiling point and less than critical point. Applying a subcritical fluid to an extraction fluid offers the advantages that the extraction device 100 and the extraction process can operate under relatively low pressure compared with a highly pressurized liquefied in its supercritical state.
The substance and the extraction fluid are mixed in the extractor 11. Under a predetermined pressure (P) and a predetermined temperature (T), the extraction fluid is circulated in the extractor 11 in order to dissolve the constituent in the substance. The evaporator 13 is provided below the extractor 11, and interconnected to the extractor 11. The extraction fluid including the constituent flows down from the extractor 11 to the evaporator 13 via one or more openings or pipes between the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13. After the evaporator 13 receives the extraction fluid including the constituent from the extractor 11, it will heat the extraction fluid at a temperature Ta above the predetermined temperature (T), so that the extraction fluid becomes a gas, and therefore the constituent can be separated from the gasified extraction fluid.
The condenser 15 is connected to an upper part of the evaporator 13 via a first pipe 21, and connected to the extractor 11 via a second pipe 23. The condenser 15 is provided below the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13. The condenser 15 receives the gasified extraction fluid from the evaporator 13 via the first pipe 21. The condenser 15 can liquefy the gasified extraction fluid by a cooling process, such that the extraction fluid 12 will liquify in the condenser 15. Afterwards, the liquefied extraction fluid 12 will be transmitted to the extractor 11 via the second pipe 23.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a first circulation pump 22 is located at the first pipe 21, and a second circulation pump 24 is located at the second pipe 23. The first circulation pump 22 is a gas phase pump, and the second circulation pump 24 is a liquid phase pump. The gasified extraction fluid is captured and collected in the condenser 15 by the first circulation pump 22. The liquefied extraction fluid 12 in the condenser 15 is pumped to the extractor 11 by the second circulation pump 24.
The first circulation pump 22 has a dual function. One function of the first circulation pump 22 is able to create a vacuum or reduce the working pressure during the evaporation process which speeds up the evaporation of the extraction fluid. The other function of the first circulation pump 22 is able to create a higher pressures in the condenser so as to help the liquification of the extraction fluid during the condensation process. Furthermore, the second circulation pump 24 also has a dual function. One function of the second circulation pump 24 is to pump the liquefied extraction fluid 12 from the condenser 15 to the extractor 11 before the next extraction process, and the second function it is to create pressure in the extractor 11 by pumping more liquefied extraction fluid 12 into the extractor 11.
The portable extraction device 100 further comprises a temperature adjusting element 17 disposed between the evaporator 13 and the condenser 15. The temperature adjusting element 17 is a combined heating and cooling circuit, for example, Peltier element. The temperature adjusting element 17 comprises a hot surface 171 and a cold surface 173. The hot surface 171 is attached to the evaporator 13 and used for heating the extraction fluid in the evaporator 13 and transforming it from a liquid state to a gas state. The cold surface 173 is attached to the condenser 15 and is used for cooling the extraction fluid in the condenser 15 and transfroming it from a gas state to a liquid state.
Besides, the evaporator 13 is provided at it lower side thereof with a drainage pipe 131. In one embodiment of the present invention, the constituent extracted, from the substance, by the portable extraction device 100 may be in a liquid phase. Therefore, the extracted constituent is drained from the drainage pipe 131 from the evaporator 13 to a collector (not shown).
In one embodiment of this invention, the extractor 11, the evaporator 13, and the condenser 15 are operated under constant pressure. This is the major difference between subcritical fluid extraction system and supercritical fluid extraction system. Under supercritical extraction, the pressure is changed in order to evaporate the fluid and separate the constituent (or constituents).
In one embodiment of this invention, the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13 may be opened or designed as demountable containers, therefore they may be exposed to air after the completion of the extraction process, in this regard, the extractor 11 is able to be connected to a vacuum pump 25, which is used for eliminating the residual air in the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13 before the next extraction cycle.
The extraction device 100 can perform multiple stages of separation process and multiple stages of liquification process. The multiple stages of separation allows the extraction fluid and the constituent to be completely separated. The multiple stages of liquification guarantees that the extraction fluid will be recovered from gas phase to liquid phase, and stored in the condenser 15. There is theoretically no loss of extraction fluid in the extraction process.
Referring to
As shown at
When the portable extraction device 101 starts a vacuum process, the valves 31 and 32 will be opened, the valves 33, 34, and 35 will be closed, such that the inside space of the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13 are interconnected, the first pipe 21 between the evaporator 13 and the condenser 15 is closed. Sequentially, the vacuum pump 25 performs a vacuum process for the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13 to eliminate the air in the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13. When the vacuum process is completed, the valve 34 at the first pipe 21 and the valve 35 will be opened, and the valve 32 will be closed. In another embodiment of the present invention, the first circulation pump 22 may be used as a vacuum pump instead pump 25 with the configurations of proper valves.
When the portable extraction device 101 starts an extraction process, the fifth valve 35 will be opened, the second circulation pump 24 pumps the liquefied extraction fluid 12 from the condenser 15 to the extractor 11 via the second pipe 23 until the extractor 11 is filled with the liquefied extraction fluid 12, and a desired pressure is created when the valves 31, 32, 33, and 34 are closed. When the desired pressure is achieved, the operation of the second circulation pump 24 will be stopped, the fifth valve 35 will be closed. In one embodiment of the present invention, the portable extraction device 101 may be without the second circulation pump 24, the liquefied extraction fluid 12 in the condenser 15 can be relocated to the extractor 11 via the pressure created from the first circulation pump 22.
After the substance is soaked in the extraction fluid and time has reached the soaking time threshold, the first valve 31 between the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13 will be opened, the extraction fluid including the constituent will flow down to the evaporator 13 via the third pipe 26. When the extraction fluid including the constituent has drained to the evaporator 13, the portable extraction device 101 will start an evaporation process. In the evaporation and condensation process, the first valve 31 will be closed, the temperature adjusting element 17 is turned on, the liquefied extraction fluid in the evaporator 13 will be heated by the temperature adjusting element 17 into the gas state, and the first circulation pump 22 evacuates the gasified extraction fluid from the evaporator 13 to the condenser 15. The gasified extraction fluid is condensing in the condenser 15 due to the overpressure created by the first circulation pump 22 and the cooling generated from the temperature adjusting element 17. If the extraction process is continuous circulation, the first valve 31 does not need to be closed, so that new extraction fluid including the constituent is allowed to enter the evaporator 13, continuously.
When all the solvent, for example, the extraction fluid, has evaporated and the extracted constituent remains in the evaporator 13, the portable extraction device 101 may start a draining process. In the extracted constituent draining process, the fourth valve 34 and the fifth valve 35 are closed, the extracted constituent can be drained via the drainage pipe 131. In another embodiment of the present invention, otherwise, the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13 may be disassembled, the extracted constituent can be taken out when the evaporator 13 is disassembled from the portable extraction device 101. During operation of the portable extraction device the vacuum process, the extraction process, the evaporation and condensation process, and the draining process need to be repeated multiple times before the substance is removed from the extractor 11.
After the extraction of the constituent in the substance has completed, the pressure in the extractor 11 will be lowered when the extraction fluid is evaporated and the first valve 31 is opened to equalize pressure, such that the extractor 11 may be opened. In one embodiment of the present invention, the extractor 11 further includes a heating element 111, for example, electric heating filament, which can used for evaporating the remaining residual extraction fluid on the substance. The remaining residual extraction fluid on the substance will be evaporated by the heating element 111 heating the extractor 11, the valves 32 and 33 in the bypass pipe 27 are opened so as to evacuate the vapor in the extractor 11 by the first circulation pump 22. In another embodiment of the present invention, a heated gas circulation will be provided to the extractor 11 through the first circulation pump 22, the first pipe 21, the valve 34, the evaporator 13, and the first valve 31 in order to evaporate the remaining residual extraction fluid on the substance. After the remaining residual extraction fluid has evaporated, the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13 will be opened, the extractor 11 may be disassembled from the evaporator 13, and the evaporator 13 may be removed as a complete unit with the extract.
Referring to
In the present invention, the first circulation pump 22 evacuates the gasified extraction fluid from the evaporator 13 to the condenser 15 through the first valve 36. An overpressure created by the pumping action of the first circulation pump 22 will relocate the liquefied extraction fluid 12 from the condenser 15 to the extractor 11 through the third valve 38. The extraction fluid including the constituent flows down from the extractor 11 to the evaporator 13 via the mesh wall 113.
The first circulation pump 22 has a dual function. The first circulation pump 22 can be used for vacuuming the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13 via the first pipe 21, the outside pipe 28, and the second valve 37, or used for circulating the vapor, for example, the gasified extraction fluid, via the first pipe 21 and the first valve 36. When the first circulation pump 22 performs a vacuuming process, the first valve 36 and the third valve 38 are closed, the second valve 37 is opened. When the first circulation pump 22 performs an extraction process, the first valve 36 and the third valve 38 are opened, the second valve 37 is closed.
After the extraction of the constituent has completed, the third valve 38 will be closed, the first circulation pump 22 continues to operate until the residual extraction fluid is fully removed from the substance in the extractor 11. Afterwards, the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13 will be opened to remove the original substance and place a new substance to be extracted, and take out the constituent from the evaporator 13.
In the portable extraction device 100, 101, or 102, the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13 may be designed as cartridge or vessel in various configuration for easy disassemble. Accordingly, if the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13 are designed to be disassembled, the evaporator 13 doesn't need to be furnished with drainage pipe 131.
Referring to
The liquefied extraction fluid 12 enters the extractor 11 through the second pipe 23 with pressure around 3-8 bars, gets in contact with the substance 10, and then the miscella, the extraction fluid including the constituent, enters the evaporator 13. Wherein the miscella is heated by the temperature adjusting element 17, and therefore the extraction fluid in the miscella is evaporated and separated from the constituent before the constituent is drained via the drainage pipe 131.
The gasified extraction fluid, via the first circulation pump 22, leaves the evaporator 13 and enters the condenser 15. In the condenser 15, the gasified extraction fluid is condensed to a liquid form 12 by the higher pressure and the cooling from the temperature adjusting element 17. The temperature adjusting element 17 is a heating and cooling circuit, for example, Peltier element, which can be provided heating (T+) at one surface 171 thereof, and provided cooling (T−) at another surface thereof. The cooled extraction fluid 12 is pressurized and fed to the extractor 11 for recirculation via the second pipe 23.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the vessel 115 is a vessel capable of rotating, and opens the inlet 116 for liquefied solvent. As shown in
In continuous extraction mode, by rotating the inlet 116 from the first position A to the second position B, the incoming extraction fluid 12 via the second pipe 23 may be limited; furthermore, the second pipe 23 may be closed by the side wall of the vessel 115 when the extraction process is completed and the extraction fluid needs to be evacuated. The second pipe 23 accesses the extraction fluid 12 below its level in the condenser 15 and through the third valve 38 feeds it to the extractor 11.
The portable extraction device 102 further comprises a controller electronic circuit 19 located within an enclosed column 18. The controller electronic circuit 19 is electrically connected to each of valves, each of pumps, and the temperature adjusting element 17, and used for controlling the operation of the valves, the pumps, and the temperature adjusting element 17.
The first circulation pump 22 can create a lower pressure in the evaporator 13, and compresses the extraction fluid 12 to liquefy in the condenser 15. Besides, the condenser 15 may be equipped with a sight glass 151 for showing the level of the liquefied extraction fluid 12 and marks for high and low level may be present at the sight glass 151. If the level of the liquefied extraction fluid 12 observed by the sight glass 151 is lower, such that the liquefied extraction fluid 12 can be re-filled to the portable extraction device 102. The extract, for example, the constituent, is drained after the evaporation is finished from the drainage pipe 131. Drainage pipe 131 may be equipped with a locking element, for example, valve or a self locking element, for opening or closing the drainage pipe 131. The first pipe 21 evacuates the gasified extraction fluid from the evaporator 13 via the first circulation pump 22 to the upper side of the condenser 15 above the level of the liquified extraction fluid 12.
The portable extraction device 102 of the present embodiment compared to the portable extraction device 101 of the above embodiment reduces the number of the valves, for example, the valves (31), (34), and (35) may not be installed, in such a way that the size of the portable extraction device 102 can be effectively minimized. The first circulation pump 22 and the valve 37 can be used for vacuuming the inside vessels of the extractor 11 and the evaporator 13.
When the lid 117 is opened, the vessel 115 can be removed from the extractor 11, such that the vessel 115, the evaporator 13, and the drainage pipe 131 can allow cleaning. Cleaning may be performed with volatile or non-volatile solvent as freon, alcohol, etc. washing the vessel 115, the evaporator 13, and the drainage pipe 131. In the present embodiment, the original substance 10 in the extractor 11 can be changed by replacing a new vessel 115 having a new substance 10, or by opening the lid 117, removing the original substance 10 from the vessel 115 and placing a new substance 10 into the vessel 115.
In the main embodiment of the present invention, the extractor 11, the evaporator 13, the temperature adjusting element 17, the condenser 15, and the first circulation pump 22 are built as sections within a single column, respectively. Wherein the column has the lid 117 that after opening it allows to access each of sections of the column.
In the portable extraction device 102 of the present embodiment, the evaporator 13 is provided on the temperature adjusting element 17 arranged at an angle, and the drainage pipe 131 is provided at the lower side of the evaporator 13, in such a way that the extract is easy drained from the drainage pipe 131, and in the configurations of which the first circulation pump 22 may be easier mounted under the temperature adjusting element 17 to conserve space.
Referring to
Referring to
The liquefied extraction fluid 12 is continuously pumped by the second circulation pump 24 to the lid 118, and flows into the vessel 115 through the mesh openings of the mesh 113 between the lid 118 and the top of the vessel 115. Then, the extraction fluid will flow through the inside of the substance in the vessel 115 to dissolve the constituent from the substance. Afterwards, the extraction fluid including the constituent will drain down through the mesh openings of the bottom mesh 113 of the vessel 115 to enter the evaporator 13. The extraction fluid will be evaporated in the evaporator 13, recycled in the condenser 15, and re-enter the extractor 11 for next extraction. Besides, the constituent will remain in the evaporator 13.
The above disclosure is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and not used for limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent variations and modifications on the basis of shapes, structures, features and spirits described in claims of the present invention should be included in the claims of the present invention.
This application is a National-Stage Application of PCT/US2017/063227 filed Nov. 27, 2017 which claims priority on U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/426,482 filed Nov. 26, 2016, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2017/063227 | 11/27/2017 | WO | 00 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62426482 | Nov 2016 | US |
