Patent Application
20240050797
Physical exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness. It is performed for various reasons including strengthening muscles and the cardiovascular system, honing athletic skills, weight loss or maintenance, as well as for the purpose of enjoyment. Frequent and regular physical exercise boosts the immune system, and helps prevent the “diseases of affluence,” such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes and obesity. It also improves mental health, eases depression and anxiety, boosts energy and mood, and relieves stress.
Exercise equipment is used during physical activity to enhance the strength or conditioning effects of that exercise by providing either fixed or adjustable amounts of resistance, target certain muscle groups, or to otherwise enhance the experience or outcome of an exercise routine. Exercise equipment can be fixed or portable and are of various types namely free weights such as dumbbells, kettle bells, barbells; resistance bands; weight machines; flexion machines; and pull-up bars.
Described herein, according to at least embodiment, is an article or device for performing exercise. In some examples, the article may include a first or attacher piece for attaching to an elevated object. In some examples, the article may include a first or attacher piece that may be configured to attach to the elevated object at a first vertical coordinate. In some examples, the article may also include a second or extender piece connected to the first or attacher piece. In some examples, the second or extender piece may be configured to extend a horizontal distance from the elevated object while the first or attacher piece is attached to the elevated object, and while the extender piece is connected to the attacher piece.
In some examples, the article may also include a third or weight suspension piece for suspending a weight or a body of weight therefrom. In some examples, the third or weight suspension piece may be connected to the second or extender piece.
In some examples, the article may also include a fourth or supporter piece configured to extend from a second vertical coordinate at or below the first vertical coordinate to a third vertical coordinate below the second vertical coordinate. The fourth or supporter piece may further be configured to provide additional support for the suspension of the body of weight from the weight suspension piece. In some examples the fourth or supporter piece may be attached to and extend from at least one of the second or extender piece and the third or weight suspension piece.
In some examples of the article, the fourth or supporter piece may be configured to extend from the at least one of the second or extender piece and the third or weight suspension piece at an angle from the horizontal axis of the second or extender piece, while the second or extender piece may extend a horizontal distance from the elevated object, while the first or attacher piece is attached thereto. In some examples, the angle may be in a range of 15 to 75 degrees.
In some examples of the article, the second or extender piece may extend the horizontal distance from the elevated object at a fourth vertical coordinate at or above the second vertical coordinate. In some examples, the extender piece may not extend vertically below the second vertical coordinate. In some examples, the horizontal angle may include a range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees from a vertical axis of the elevated object.
In some examples, of the article, the second or extender piece may have a proximal end and a distal end opposite the proximal end, and the first or attacher piece may be connected to the proximal end of the second or extender piece, and wherein the third or weight suspension piece may be connectable or connected to the second or extender piece at the distal end of the second or extender piece.
In some examples of the article, the fourth or supporter piece may be configured to apply force on the elevated object at the third vertical coordinate. In some examples, the supporter piece may be further configured to apply the force against the elevated object by at least some direct contact with the elevated object at the third vertical coordinate.
In some examples of the article, the first or attacher piece and the extender or second piece may be separate pieces. In other examples, the first or attacher piece and the extender or second piece may be uniform. In some examples of the article, the second or extender piece and the weight suspension or third piece may be separate pieces. In some examples of the article, the third or weight suspension piece may configured to be aligned horizontally perpendicular from the second or extender piece.
In some examples, the third or weight extension piece may include at least a first pair of hand grips. In some examples, the third or weight extension piece may include a sturdy bar. In some examples, the sturdy bay may include a first end and a second end opposite the first end. In some examples, the at least a first pair of hand grips may include a firsthand grip and a corresponding second hand grip; and the first end of the sturdy bar may include the first hand grip and the second end of the sturdy bar may include the second hand grip. In some examples, the at least a first pair of hand grips may include a first pair of hand grips and a second pair of hand grips. In some examples, each hand grip of a first pair (or of a second pair) of the at least a first pair of hand grips may be attached to a pair of extending rod portions associated with the sturdy bar and configured to extend in a substantially similar direction as the extender piece, and/or to horizontally-perpendicular aligned positions with respect to the sturdy bar.
In some examples of the article, the first or attacher piece may be configured to form a loop to wrap around the elevated object. In some examples, the first or attacher piece may include a first end and a second end. In some iterations, the first end may be attachable to the second end to form the loop. In some instances, the attacher piece may also include a tightener.
In some examples, the tightener may be associated with one or both of the first end and the second end.
In some examples of the article, the fourth or supporter piece may be foldable. In some iterations, the fourth or supporter piece may be foldable into the plane of the second extender piece.
The above-described embodiments are considered that of some embodiments only. It is understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings below and described above are merely for illustrative purposes and not intended to limit scope. Therefore, alterations, modifications, and such further applications as would occur to those skilled in the relevant art(s) are also contemplated.
There are several problems with most traditional exercise equipment. First, some equipment may be bulky and hard for a person to transport any significant distance on foot. A second problem may be the limitation on the number of exercises that can be performed with a particular device. Often, a user can only perform one or more exercises using a single device. Thus, for each exercise a user may have to purchase a different machine or device. But it is very difficult for a user to take all the separate devices with him if he/she is moving from one place to another (especially if moving on foot). This further makes the user unable to continue his/her routine exercises in certain conditions/environments.
Take, for instance, a person performing aerobic exercise by walking or hiking in the outdoors who desires, but is unable, to perform several device-enabling exercises along the walk or hike. Although the person may not be able to carry such devices or exercise machines along the hike, or even formal exercise weights, the person will naturally still have the weight of her or his own body. Bodyweight exercises may use a person's own weight to provide resistance for the exercise movement.
Bodyweight exercises have certain advantages over other types of exercises. For example, bodyweight exercises do not require weights and therefore are more easily performed where access to weights is limited. In addition, since bodyweight exercises provide resistance based on the force of gravity acting on a person's mass, and each person may be a different mass, exercises are tailored individually to each person (e.g., a larger person has more weight and a smaller person has less weight), unlike free weights or certain machines. However, if more resistance/weight is desired, weights can often still be incorporated into bodyweight exercises. Alternatively, many bodyweight exercises can be modified to decrease resistance or intensity, by for example, adjusting the position of a person or angle with the ground.
Bodyweight exercises are also advantageous for pedestrian portability because, since a person is already transporting his/her own body weight, a person need not transport additional weight in order to obtain a resistance equal to his/her bodyweight. In addition, bodyweight exercises can be advantageous in that they often require more flexibility and balance than other types of exercises, and may often engage several different muscles instead of isolating simply one particular muscle or set of muscles, as is often the case with other types of exercises.
A few common bodyweight exercises, for example, are push-ups, handstand push-ups, sit-ups, dips, and pull-ups. Some bodyweight exercises either require certain equipment to be performed, or can be performed more conveniently or have more amplified application when used with equipment. Bodyweight exercise equipment may often require some firm structure stably connected or mounted to the ground to provide stability while the body moves to perform the exercise. For example, pull-ups are a common exercise for strengthening primarily the latissimus dorsi, but also the shoulders, arms, forearms, hands, pelvic floor and other muscles. Pull-ups are usually performed by spacing the hands a certain distance apart along a horizontally aligned bar that is suspended in the air by being fixed to some object or structure that has some vertical support structure with a base resting on a ground surface, and gripping the bar, and then pulling the body upward so that the chin clears the bar, and then lowering the body until the arms and shoulders are extended, and then pulling the body upward again.
Similar to pull-ups, dips often require handles for gripping that are also suspended in air, which are also attached to some vertical support structure resting stably on a ground surface. Like many other pieces of exercise equipment, equipment for performing bodyweight exercises may often be bulky and difficult to transport.
Although some portable pull-up bars exist, those devices have drawbacks. For example, some portable pull-up bars have applications that are somewhat limited or otherwise disadvantageous. Several disadvantage may result, for example, from the requirement that a pull-up bar attach to a door frame. Specifically, such a requirement might entail limited space for the performance of the pull-up exercise, and/or result in a person's body hitting the sides of the door frame, or the person's head inadvertently bumping against the top of the door frame or a ceiling, or damaging the door frame, or render the bar unusable where there are no available doorframes (as is often the case in outdoor locations). Other portable devices may require carrying, in addition to the horizontal bar, a cumbersome vertical structure that may hold the horizontal bar suspended in the air. For example, some such portable devices may feature collapsible vertical poles to provide a vertical support structure to which the pull-up bar may fasten and be suspended in air, and such poles may often be bulky and difficult to transport.
While a few limited devices may allow fastening to vertical objects, they have only recently been developed, and may suffer drawbacks in design. For instance, the design of such devices may entail placing a great deal of downward force on the point where the device attaches to the vertical object. Such a design may potentially lead to excessive wear and tear on the device, lead to instability while exercises are being performed, or require an excessive amount of bulky material (which may be need to transported) to compensate for the aforementioned potential deficiencies. In any event, there still exists a need for improvements to such a category of devices.
In order to overcome one or more of the aforementioned problems, the subject invention assists a user perform pull-ups and other gravity-based resistance exercises. At least some of the resistance necessary for such gravity-based resistance exercises may be provided by the user's own bodyweight. More specifically, the device may allow using vertical (i.e., plumb) objects to assist in performing pull-ups and other gravity-based resistance exercises that require fixed and elevated bar, handles, etc. Examples of such vertical objects are those commonly found outdoors and may include trees, poles, and other vertical objects around which a loop may fasten.
In some examples, the first piece 110 may be configured to securely tighten around the object. For instance, the first end 115 may include a tightener, such as for example a ratchet 125. For embodiments incorporating ratchets, the ratchet 125 may include a releasable locking mechanism to assist in maintaining a securely fastened position for the duration of use. In some examples, the first piece 110 may be a strap 110 made of strong, flexible material (such as durable nylon). The first piece 110 may have a width 130. The range of the width 130 may vary, and in some instances may have a range of 0.4 to 10 inches, and in example may have greater than 3 inches. Thus, the device 100 may comprise a loop 110 wrap-able around a fixed vertical object. The loop 110 of the first piece 105 may also have a length 135. The length 135 may also vary according to embodiment; for example, the length 135 may have a range from 10 inches to 10 feet. By way of further example, for some thicker objects, the length 135 of the loop 110 may be around six feet.
A second piece 140 (or extender piece) may extend from or be connected with the first piece 110. In some examples, the second piece 140 may be attached to the loop 110. Then, the second piece 140 may be configured to extend horizontally a distance 145 from the loop 110 and from the vertical object attached thereto. In some examples, the second piece 140 may have a top side 150 and a bottom side 155 and two opposite ends 160, 165 (a proximal end 160 and a distal end 165), and a body 170 in between the top side 150 and the bottom side 155 and the two opposite ends 160, 165. In some examples, all or pan of the top side 150 and the bottom side 155 and the proximal end 160 and the distal end 165 and the body 170 may be unitary. In some examples, the body 170 may have a length 145 between the two opposite ends 160, 165 that corresponds to the horizontally extending distance 145 when the first piece 110 is attached to the object as described in this disclosure. The body 170 may also have a thickness 175 between the top side 150 and the bottom side 155.
The second piece or extender piece 140 may be attached to a third piece or weight suspension piece 180. In one embodiment, the third piece or weight suspension piece 180 may include a horizontal bar. In one embodiment the third piece or weight suspension piece 180 may slidably attach to the second piece or extender piece 140 in a fixed and stable manner. For example, in one example, the third piece or weight suspension piece 180 may slide into a slot, hole, or groove in the or associated with the extender piece, and then lock into place (e.g., through a sliding pin). In some examples, the second or extender piece 140 and the weight suspension or third piece 180 may be uniform. In other examples, the second or extender piece 140 and the weight suspension or third piece 180 may be separate pieces.
In some examples, the wrapping of or placing the loop 110a around the vertical object 205 may ensure the secure fixture of the device 10a to the vertical object 205. In some examples (where the first or attacher piece 105a includes a strap 110a), the second or extender piece 140a may be suspended in air and jut horizontally a distance 145a away from the strap 110a and the vertical object 205.
Furthermore, in one embodiment, this horizontal orientation may be preserved with the assistance of a fourth or supporter piece 210. In some examples, the fourth or supporter piece 210 may provide additional support for suspending a weight or body of weight from the third or weight suspension piece 180a. Relatedly, the second or extender piece 140a and the fourth or supporter piece 210 may be configured to together operate to counteract the force of gravity on a body of weight, to retain the device 100a in a stable position while the first or attacher piece 105a is attached to the elevated object. In some examples, the fourth or supporter piece 210 may be extended to contact the vertical object 205, or to contact a surface of the device 100a that in turn contacts the vertical object 205. Accordingly, in some embodiments the fourth or supporter piece 210 may apply force against the elevated object indirectly through a more disbursed force against a part of the article distinct from the supporter piece.
In some examples, the (fourth or) supporter piece may include or be a gusset 210. The gusset 210, for example, may have two ends 215, 220. A first end 215 may be connectable to or securely placeable against the bottom side 155a of the second piece 140a. A second end 220 may be connectable to/with, or securely placeable against, a side 225 of the vertical object 205 substantially facing towards the extended second end 220 of the (fourth or supporter) piece 210, or may otherwise place forces against the vertical object 205 through the second end 220 when forces are being applied to the first end 215.
More specifically, the orientation of the gusset 210 with respect to the vertical object 205 and the (second or) extender piece 140a may be such that a downward force applied on the (second or) extender 140a (and/or the third or weight suspension piece 180a) from the force of gravity on a weight or body of weight is transferred to the gusset 210. However, downward movement of the gusset 210 and (second or) extender piece 140a may be prevented by the second end 220 of the gusset 210 being connected to/with or securely placed against the vertical object 205.
In one embodiment, the second end 220 of the gusset 210 may be secured to the side 225 of the vertical object 205 (such as, for example, by another fastenable loop 230). In one particular embodiment, the first end 215 of the gusset 210 may be placed beneath the bottom side 155a of the second piece 140a near or at the second end 165a of the second piece 140a. In addition, the second end 215 of the gusset 210 may be securely fastened, connected, or placed a certain distance 235 below where the loop 110a is connected to the second piece 140a. Thus the forces from the
In some examples, the gusset 210 may run substantially at an angle from the second end 220 of the second piece 140a to the side 225 of the vertical object 205 (although such angles may vary according to embodiment). In some examples the angle may range from 0 to 90 degrees, and in some examples, 15 to 75 degrees, in some examples, the angle may be 45 degrees or substantially 45 degrees.
In some embodiments, not only may the gusset 210 provide support to the second or extender piece 140a, but the second or extender piece 140a may also provide support to the gusset 210. For instance, in some examples, without the gusset 210, the extender piece 140a may not have the tensile strength by itself to support a load hanging from the third or weight suspension piece 180a; conversely, in some examples, without the extender piece 140a, the gusset 210, may not have the tensile strength by itself to support a load hanging the third or weight suspension piece 180a. In some examples, the second or extender piece 140a may help the gusset 210 maintain a proper alignment and help prevent the first end 215 from falling vertically.
In addition, in some examples, a large portion (if not most) of a downward force generated by the force of gravity on a load hanging from the third or weight suspension piece 180a will be transferred to the second end 220 of the gusset 210. As mentioned above, the second end 220 may be braced at a point along the vertical object 205 below where the attacher piece 110a connects or contacts the vertical object 205. Thus, by virtue of this design incorporating the second end 220, less force is applied to the point of area where the attacher piece 110a connects or contacts the vertical object 205, which may result in more sturdiness and less instability to the attacher piece 110a.
In some examples, the (fourth or) supporter piece 210 (that includes or may be a gusset) may be straight-shaped plate and in other examples may be curved. In some example, the (fourth or) supporter piece 210 may be made of at least partly from a solid, rigid material, which may at least partially include metal, such as one or more of aluminum, copper, or steel. Similarly, in some examples, other parts/pieces of the device 100a (such as the first or attacher piece 110a, the second or extender piece 140a, the third or weight suspension piece 180a) may also be made of similar materials, while the (fourth or) supporter piece 210 and other parts/pieces described herein may also be made of hardened plastic-based materials, and/or a combination thereof.
In some examples, the second end 155 of the (second or) extender piece 140a may be attached to the (third or) weight suspension piece 180a, which may include a bar 240. In some examples, the bar 240 may be attached to the second piece 140a in the transverse plane. In one particular example, the bar 240 may extend horizontally from the body of the second piece 140a, and at a ninety degree angle. The horizontal bar 240 may have two opposite ends 245, 250.
With a person 300 gripping the handles 305, 310 and performing a pull-up, the body or torso 315 of the person 300 may be located a sufficient horizontal distance 145b away from the vertical object 205a to avoid inadvertently bumping against the vertical object 205a as pull-up exercises are being performed. In one embodiment (shown), the handles 305, 310 or handle areas may be angled downward to allow a potentially-more comfortable sloping downward grip. In similar embodiments, the horizontal bar need not have a level straight (perfectly “horizontal”) orientation, but may also have ends 245a, 250a that are curved slightly downwards. One embodiment may also include a second pair of handles or grips 320, 325, more closely spaced along the horizontal bar 240a for performing more close gripped pull-ups, as shown in
With the pivoted rod portions locked into the ninety degree angle position as shown in
As shown in
For example, some embodiments may be intended to engage the following indicated muscle groups: biceps (curls, close grip reverse pull-ups), triceps (close grip pushaways, wide grip push-offs), chest (incline and decline push-ups, dips), back (wide grip pull-ups, upside down), abs (hanging leg lifts, truck rotations), shoulders (shoulder press, front raises).
As shown in
Also, the attacher piece 105c, which may constitute a substantial portion of the device's 100e weight, may be situated above the shoulder straps 705, so that when a person (not shown) carries the device 100e while wearing the shoulder straps 705, the weight of the attacher piece 105c is positioned slightly above and against the shoulders. In addition, as shown in
In addition, as shown in
Further the weight suspension piece 180d may include a horizontal bar, the outer rod portions 400a and 405a of which may fold or become detached. Thus, the full length of the bar 180d may not be extended outward to either side of a person while carrying the device 100e, which might otherwise bump or come into contact with trees or other objects while hiking or walking. In some examples, the rod portions 400a, 405a may fold or be secured into place in a straight position using pullpins 715, 720.
With the help of the aforementioned device embodiments one can carry the device 100e more easily to be able to perform different types of muscle exercises while also performing cardio exercise through walking, or running (whether or not carrying additional weights). More specifically, a person might go on a walk or a hike and also want to exercise their upper body muscles, and therefore set-up the device. Accordingly, as shown in
Accordingly, the device 100g may fasten the loop to a vertical object 205c such as a pole or a tree in the manner described above to provide suspended handles for performing pull-ups (or dips, in some examples, with the rod portions 100b, 405b in perpendicular positions to the rest of the bar 180e), or otherwise use the device to perform gravity based resistance muscle exercises, where resistance is generated at least in part by a user's own bodyweight. Once the muscle exercises are performed as desired, the person can conveniently detach the device 100g, continue the cardio exercise, and then repeat the steps as desired. Thus, the device 100g (and/or embodiments thereof) may allow cardio exercise to be combined with exercising muscles through gravity based resistance exercises, while potentially enjoying the great outdoors.
In addition, as shown in
The exercise device embodiment 900 may include a main frame 905. In one example, the main frame 905 may have a volume made of sturdy, solid material such as metal. In some examples, such as that shown, the main frame 905 may have a rectangular-cubed structure. In some example, such as that shown, the main frame 905 may have a length L significantly greater than its width W (e.g., 4-20 times greater). Thus, the main frame 905 may be configured to align vertically with a post or other vertical object 205d. In some examples, the length L of the main frame 905 against the vertical object 205d may assist in dispersing forces over a larger area of the vertical 205d, which may be created while the exercise device embodiment 900 is in use (e.g., forces generated by the downward forces generated by the weight and/movement of a user performing pull-ups).
In some examples the main frame 905 may be configured to lie stably against the surface 930 of the vertical object 205d, so there is little or no empty space between the back surface 935 of the main frame 905 and the surface 930 of the vertical object 205d against which the main frame 905 is placed. Thus, in some embodiments, the surface 930 of the vertical object 205d may have a first shape (i.e., flat concave, convex, with certain degrees of curvature, etc.), and the back surface 935 of the main frame 905 may also have a second shape (i.e., flat concave, convex, with certain degrees of curvature, etc.) configured for placement against the surface 930 of the vertical object 205d. In some example, the first shape may be different from the second shape.
In some examples, the main frame 905 of the exercise device embodiment 900 may include a gusset support structure 910. The gusset support structure 910 may be designed to provide support to oppose the downward forces on the device generated by use. For example, the gusset support structure 910 may include a series of diagonal support braces 915 that may operate in accordance with general principles of gussets apparent to one of ordinary skill in the relevant arts and as described herein.
The exercise device embodiment 900 may also include bar clamp piece 920 for holding the bar 180f fixed solidly in place to permit little or no movement between the bar 180f and the bar clamp piece 920 while the bar 180f is being used to perform exercises. In some embodiments, the bar clamp piece 920 may include a receptacle 940 for receiving the bar 180f, or a portion thereof. For example, the receptacle 940 may have a shape for receiving a center or core portion 945 of the bar 180f in a fixed position. In some embodiments, the center or core portion 945 may be fixed to the receptacle 940 through a cap piece 950 of the bar clamp piece 920 bolted or screwed to a base piece 955 of the bar clamp piece 920.
Additional pieces 960a, 960b of the bar 180f may be attached and secured to the center or core portion 945. Such designs may allow easier and less awkward portability. Relatedly, the exercise device embodiment 900 may be configured for attaching backpack straps 970a, 970b. In some embodiments, each of the backpack straps 970a, 970b, may be configured to attach to both an upper portion (e.g., at or higher than the bar clamp piece 902) of the exercise device embodiment 900 and to a lower portion (e.g., at, or towards, or beneath the bottom of the gusset support structure 910).
At or towards the bottom of the main frame 905, the exercise device embodiment 900 may also include two bottom adjustable stabilizers 925a, 925b. The bottom adjustable stabilizers 925a, 925b may be configured for placement along either side of the vertical object 205d. In some embodiments, the position of the bottom adjustable stabilizers 925a, 925b may be selected to be in one of several fixed positions (using for examples, holes and pins 975a, 975b for locking into the holes), depending on the size or width of the vertical object 205d. In some examples, the bottom adjustable stabilizers 925a, 925b may made of metal and/or rubber.
Device embodiments may also allow performance of a method of using certain vertical objects to perform gravity-based exercises in the manner described above. For instance, the method include: attaching an attacher piece to an elevated object at a vertical point along the elevated object; extending an extender piece to extend a horizontal distance from the elevated object while the attacher piece is attached to the elevated object and while the extender piece is connected to the attacher piece; suspending a body of weight from a weight suspension piece while the weight suspension piece is connected to the extension piece; and extending a supporter piece from at least one of the extender piece and the weight suspension piece to apply force against the elevated object below the vertical point at which the attacher piece is attached to the elevated object, to provide additional support for the suspension of the body of weight from the weight suspension piece.
“Side” is defined herein to mean any surface of an object and is not limited to a flat surface but rather may take any shape, such as a curved surface. The term “horizontal bar,” as used herein need not be strictly “horizontal” in a rigid sense of the word but rather is used solely for purposes of identification of the piece having handles as described herein.
The above description and listed alternative embodiments are considered that of some embodiments only. It is understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings and described below are merely for illustrative purposes and not intended to limit scope. Thus, alterations and modifications and such further applications as would occur to those skilled in the relevant art(s), are also contemplated. For example, combinations of features between the embodiments shown in the figures and described above are contemplated.
Although the foregoing detailed description contains many specifics for the purpose of illustration, a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that many variations and alterations to the foregoing details can be made and are considered to be included herein. Accordingly, the foregoing embodiments are set forth without any loss of generality to, and without imposing limitations upon, any claims set forth. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
In this disclosure, “comprises,” “comprising,” “containing” and “having” and the like can have the meaning ascribed to them in U.S. Patent law and can mean “includes,” “including,” and the like, and are generally interpreted to be open ended terms. The terms “consisting of” or “consists of” are closed terms, and include only the components, structures, steps, or the like specifically listed in conjunction with such terms, as well as that which is in accordance with U.S. Patent law. “Consisting essentially of” or “consists essentially of” have the meaning generally ascribed to them by U.S. Patent law. In particular, such terms are generally closed terms, with the exception of allowing inclusion of additional items, materials, components, steps, or elements, that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics or function of the item(s) used in connection therewith. For example, trace elements present in a composition, but not affecting the compositions nature or characteristics would be permissible if present under the “consisting essentially of” language, even though not expressly recited in a list of items following such terminology. When using an open ended term, like “comprising” or “including,” it is understood that direct support should be afforded also to “consisting essentially of” language as well as “consisting of” language as if stated explicitly and vice versa.
The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” and the like in the description and in the claims, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that any terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Similarly, if a method is described herein as comprising a series of steps, the order of such steps as presented herein is not necessarily the only order in which such steps may be performed, and certain of the stated steps may possibly be omitted and/or certain other steps not described herein may possibly be added to the method.
The terms “left,” “right,” “front,” “back,” “top,” “bottom,” “over,” “under,” and the like in the description and in the claims, if any, are used for descriptive purposes and not necessarily for describing permanent relative positions. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein are, for example, capable of operation in other orientations than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. The term “coupled,” as used herein, is defined as directly or indirectly connected in an electrical or nonelectrical manner. Objects described herein as being “adjacent to” each other may be in physical contact with each other, in close proximity to each other, or in the same general region or area as each other, as appropriate for the context in which the phrase is used. Occurrences of the phrase “in one embodiment,” or “in one aspect,” herein do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment or aspect.
As used herein, the term “substantially” refers to the complete or nearly complete extent or degree of an action, characteristic, property, state, structure, item, or result. For example, an object that is “substantially” enclosed would mean that the object is either completely enclosed or nearly completely enclosed. The exact allowable degree of deviation from absolute completeness may in some cases depend on the specific context. However, generally speaking the nearness of completion will be so as to have the same overall result as if absolute and total completion were obtained. The use of “substantially” is equally applicable when used in a negative connotation to refer to the complete or near complete lack of an action, characteristic, property, state, structure, item, or result. For example, a composition that is “substantially free of” particles would either completely lack particles, or so nearly completely lack particles that the effect would be the same as if it completely lacked particles. In other words, a composition that is “substantially free of” an ingredient or element may still actually contain such item as long as there is no measurable effect thereof.
As used herein, the term “about” is used to provide flexibility to a numerical range endpoint by providing that a given value may be “a little above” or “a little below” the endpoint. Unless otherwise stated, use of the term “about” in accordance with a specific number or numerical range should also be understood to provide support for such numerical terms or range without the term “about”. For example, for the sake of convenience and brevity, a numerical range of “about 50 angstroms to about 80 angstroms” should also be understood to provide support for the range of “50 angstroms to 80 angstroms.”
As used herein, a plurality of items, structural elements, compositional elements, and/or materials may be presented in a common list for convenience. However, these lists should be construed as though each member of the list is individually identified as a separate and unique member. Thus, no individual member of such list should be construed as a de facto equivalent of any other member of the same list solely based on their presentation in a common group without indications to the contrary.
Concentrations, amounts, and other numerical data may be expressed or presented herein in a range format. It is to be understood that such a range format is used merely for convenience and brevity and thus should be interpreted flexibly to include not only the numerical values explicitly recited as the limits of the range, but also to include all the individual numerical values or sub-ranges encompassed within that range as if each numerical value and sub-range is explicitly recited. As an illustration, a numerical range of “about 1 to about 5” should be interpreted to include not only the explicitly recited values of about 1 to about 5, but also include individual values and sub-ranges within the indicated range. Thus, included in this numerical range are individual values such as 2, 3, and 4 and sub-ranges such as from 1-3, from 2-4, and from 3-5, etc., as well as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, individually.
This same principle applies to ranges reciting only one numerical value as a minimum or a maximum. Furthermore, such an interpretation should apply regardless of the breadth of the range or the characteristics being described.
Reference throughout this specification to “an example” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the example is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in an example” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
Reference in this specification may be made to devices, structures, systems, or methods that provide “improved” performance. It is to be understood that unless otherwise stated, such “improvement” is a measure of a benefit obtained based on a comparison to devices, structures, systems or methods in the prior art. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the degree of improved performance may vary between disclosed embodiments and that no equality or consistency in the amount, degree, or realization of improved performance is to be assumed as universally applicable.
An initial overview of the technology is provided below and specific technology embodiments are then described in further detail. This initial summary is intended to aid readers in understanding the technology more quickly, but is not intended to identify key or essential features of the technology, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US21/63087 | 12/13/2021 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63125008 | Dec 2020 | US |
