Positioning method and apparatus for delivering vapor to the uterus

Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 10238446
  • Patent Number
    10,238,446
  • Date Filed
    Tuesday, August 29, 2017
    7 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, March 26, 2019
    5 years ago
Abstract
A method and system of providing therapy to a patient's uterus. The method can include the steps of inserting a uterine ablation device into the uterus; expanding a distal anchor; inflating a proximal balloon to pull the distal anchor proximally and seat the distal anchor against the internal os of the uterus; inflating a central balloon to seal the cervix; delivering vapor from the uterine ablation device into the uterus; and condensing the vapor on tissue within the uterus. The can include a cervical collar adapted to place a distal portion of the device within the uterus when the cervical collar contacts an external os of the cervix.
Description
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

All publications and patent applications mentioned in this specification are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.


FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to endometrial ablation. More specifically, the present invention relates to endometrial ablation with a heated vapor.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Endometrial ablation (i.e., the removal or destruction of the endometrial lining of the uterus) is used as an alternative to hysterectomy for treating menorrhagia, or other uterine diseases. One prior technique for performing endometrial ablation employs a resectoscope (i.e., a hysteroscope with a built-in wire loop or other ablative devices) that is inserted transcervically into the uterus, and uses radio-frequency electrical current (RF current) to remove or coagulate the endometrial tissue. These standard techniques typically are performed in a hospital setting.


Some approaches make use of heated fluid to ablate the endometrium. For example, early journal articles describe the use of steam to treat uterine hemorrhage. See, e.g., Van de Velde, “Vapo-Cauterization of the Uterus,” Amer. J. Med. Sci., vol. CXVIII (1899); Blacker, “Vaporization of the Uterus,” J. Obstet. & Gyn., pp. 488-511 (c. 1901). The use of steam for this purpose was later discredited, apparently due to patient morbidity and mortality. See, e.g., Fuller U.S. Pat. No. 6,139,571. More recent descriptions of the use of injecting hot fluid into the uterus have been described. Uterine therapies employing a contained fluid have also been described.


One previous solution utilizes a balloon-based system using ultrasound as the energy source. High frequency, or radiofrequency (RF), energy has been used to perform thermal ablation of endometrial tissue. Current products for performing endometrial ablation include the NovaSure® procedure and a system marketed under the trade name THERMACHOICE®, by Ethicon, Inc. of Somerville, N.J. Cryogenic ablation, or “cryoablation,” is another endometrial treatment approach.


SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

A method of delivering vapor to a uterus of a patient, comprising: inserting a portion of a uterine ablation device into the uterus of the patient; expanding a distal anchor of the uterine ablation device in the uterus; inflating a proximal balloon of the uterine ablation device to pull the uterine ablation device proximally and place the distal anchor against an internal os of the patient; inflating a central balloon within the cervical canal; and delivering a heated vapor to the uterus to ablate uterine tissue.


In some embodiments, the inserting step further comprises inserting the uterine ablation device into the uterus of the patient so as to position a distal tip of the device distally to the internal os of the patient.


In some embodiments, the expanding the distal anchor step further comprises inflating the distal anchor distally to the internal os of the patient.


In one embodiment, the distal anchor comprises a distal balloon. The distal balloon can comprise a donut shape.


In another embodiment, the distal anchor comprises a distal expandable frame.


In some embodiments, the inflating the proximal balloon step further comprises inflating the proximal balloon against a cervical canal, an external os, and a vagina of the patient.


In one embodiment, the inflating the central balloon step further comprises inflating the central balloon against a cervical canal and the internal os of the patient.


In some embodiments, the inflating the proximal balloon step is performed after the inflating the distal expansion mechanism step. In other embodiments, the central balloon step is performed after the inflating the proximal balloon step.


In one embodiment, the method comprises, prior to the delivering step, collapsing the distal anchor of the uterine ablation device.


A uterine ablation device is also provided, comprising a shaft sized and configured to access a uterus of a patient, the shaft being coupled to a vapor source, vapor delivery ports disposed on a distal portion of the shaft, a distal anchor positioned proximally on the shaft from the vapor delivery ports, a central balloon positioned proximally to the distal anchor, the central balloon configured to contact an internal os and a cervical canal of the patient when the distal anchor is positioned in the uterus against the internal os, and a proximal balloon positioned proximally to the sealing balloon, the proximal balloon configured to span from the cervical canal into a vagina of the patient when the distal anchor is positioned against the internal os.


In some embodiments, the device further comprises a filter portion disposed on the distal portion of the shaft, the filter portion configured to remove vapor from the uterus but prevent removal of tissue, blood clots, or debris from the uterus.


In some embodiments, the central balloon has a length along the shaft of approximately 15 mm to 25 mm.


In another embodiment, the distal anchor has a length along the shaft of approximately 3 mm to 10 mm.


In some embodiments, the proximal balloon has a length along the shaft of approximately 50 mm to 70 mm.


A method of delivering vapor to a uterus of a patient with a uterine ablation device is also provided, comprising inserting a distal tip of the uterine ablation device inside the uterus, positioning a distal anchor of the uterine ablation device within the uterus distally from an internal os, positioning a proximal balloon of the uterine ablation device partially within a cervical canal and partially within a vagina of the patient, positioning a central balloon of the uterine ablation device within the cervical canal, expanding the distal anchor, after expanding the distal anchor, inflating the proximal balloon to pull the distal anchor proximally against the internal os, after inflating the proximal balloon, inflating the central balloon to seal the cervical canal, and delivering a heated vapor to the uterus to ablate uterine tissue.


A uterine ablation device is provided comprising a shaft sized and configured to access a uterus of a patient, the shaft comprising a vapor delivery lumen and a vapor removal lumen, vapor delivery ports disposed on a distal portion of the shaft and coupled to the vapor delivery lumen, at least one vapor removal port disposed on the distal portion of the shaft and coupled to the vapor removal lumen, a filter disposed over the at least one vapor removal port, a distal anchor positioned proximally on the shaft from the vapor delivery ports; a central balloon positioned proximally from the distal anchor, the central balloon having a length along the shaft of approximately 15 mm to 25 mm, and a proximal balloon positioned proximally from the central balloon, the proximal balloon configured having a length along the shaft of approximately 50 mm to 70 mm.


In some embodiments, the vapor delivery lumen is disposed within the vapor removal lumen.


In another embodiment, the vapor delivery ports, the at least one vapor removal port, and the filter are disposed on a filter tip distal to the distal anchor, wherein the vapor removal port comprises at least 70% of the surface area of the distal tip.


In one embodiment, the vapor delivery ports, the at least one vapor removal port, and the filter are disposed on a filter tip distal to the distal anchor, wherein the vapor removal port comprises at least 80% of the surface area of the distal tip.


In some embodiments, the filter comprises a porosity of a 300 micron pore size with an open area of 36-50%.


A method of delivering vapor to a uterus of a patient is provided, comprising inserting a portion of a uterine ablation device into the uterus of the patient, expanding a distal anchor of the uterine ablation device in the uterus, engaging a cervical collar of the uterine ablation device against an external os of the patient to pull the uterine ablation device proximally and place the distal anchor against an internal os of the patient, inflating a central balloon within the cervical canal to seal off the cervix from the uterus, and delivering a heated vapor to the uterus to ablate uterine tissue.


In some embodiments, the engaging step further comprises engaging a spring-loaded cervical collar against the external os.


A filtering tip of a vapor ablation device is provided, comprising a vapor delivery port adapted to receive vapor from a vapor delivery lumen and deliver the vapor near a target tissue, a vapor return port adapted to remove vapor to a vapor removal lumen, a filter disposed over at least the vapor return port, the vapor return port comprising at least 70% of an external surface area of the filtering tip so as to provide a vapor removal function if a portion of the filter is obstructed.


In some embodiments, the vapor return port comprises at least 80% of the external surface area of the filtering tip.


In another embodiment, the tip is substantially flexible.


In some embodiments, the vapor delivery lumen and the vapor removal lumen are substantially flexible.


In another embodiment, the vapor removal lumen is disposed around at least a portion of the vapor delivery lumen.


In some embodiments, the filter has a pore size of approximately 250 to 350 microns with an open area of approximately 36 to 50% to allow vapor to pass but prevent blood clots, tissue, and other bodily materials from passing.


In one embodiment, the vapor delivery port is disposed near a distal portion of the filtering tip, and the vapor return port comprises substantially the remainder of the surface area of the filtering tip.





BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS


FIGS. 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E illustrate one embodiment of a uterine ablation device.



FIG. 2 illustrates a cross sectional view of a shaft of a uterine ablation device.



FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D illustrate one embodiment of a distal filter tip of a uterine ablation device.



FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, 4G and 4H illustrate methods of using a uterine ablation device.





DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION


FIG. 1A illustrates a uterine ablation device 100 sized and configured to access the endometrium of a uterus and to deliver a heated vapor to the uterus to ablate uterine tissue. The device can be configured to ablate and treat the endometrial lining of the uterus as an alternative to hysterectomy for treating menorrhagia or other uterine diseases. The device 100 can include shaft 102, handle 104, distal tip 106, vapor ports 107, distal anchor or distal balloon 108, central or sealing balloon 110, proximal or positioning balloon 112, cervical collar 114, cervical measurement 116, and connection lumens 118, which can couple the uterine ablation device to a control system (not shown) comprising a computer, a vapor generation system, and mechanisms configured to inflate and deflate the balloons as well as control the delivery and removal of vapor from the device. Handle 104 can be an ergonomic handle and can include features and controls for using the device (e.g., buttons, levers, indicia for providing feedback for depths of insertion, valves, etc.), including features for controlling inflation of balloons 108, 110, and 112, and for controlling the delivery and removal of heated vapor from the device. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the distal anchor comprises a balloon, but in other embodiments, the distal anchor comprises an expandable anchor or expansion mechanism, such as expandable frames, filters, nets, or cages. For purposes of this disclosure, however, the distal anchor may be referred to as a distal anchor or as a distal balloon.


Cervical collar 114 and cervical measurement 116 can provide a mechanism for properly inserting the uterine ablation device the correct distance into the patient's uterus. The cervical collar is configured to abut an external os of the cervix to prevent advancing the device too far and puncturing the uterine wall. Since uterine ablation procedures are typically conducted without the use of video or real time imaging, the cervical collar can provide a palpable indicator of the location of the external face of the cervix to prevent damage to the uterus from over-insertion. For example, prior to a uterine ablation procedure, a physician can measure the distance from the external os of the cervix to the internal os of the uterus (e.g., the physician can measure the length of the cervix) and compare that length with the total overall length from the external os of the cervix to the interior fundus of the uterus. Next, the physician can adjust cervical measurement 116 to coincide with the measured cervical length. Adjusting cervical measurement 116 causes cervical collar 114 to slide axially along shaft 102, either lengthening or shortening the distance from distal tip 106 to the cervical collar 114. Thus, the cervical collar 114 can be adjusted based on the cervical measurement to aid in positioning the distal tip of the uterine ablation device in the proper position within the uterus (e.g., just past the internal os of the cervix, or in some embodiments, approximately 1 cm past the internal os). When the cervical collar has been properly positioned along the shaft of the device, the physician can insert the device into the patient until the cervical collar touches the external os of the cervix, thereby placing the distal tip of the device within the uterus of the patient without puncturing the distal wall of the uterus.


The cervical collar 114 can be configured as a cylindrical shape and can comprise a soft, low durometer material such as silicone that can slide along the shaft to circumferentially surround the positioning balloon 112, but can expand easily when the positioning balloon is inflated. The distal portion of the cervical collar can have a variety of shapes to provide an atraumatic, non-penetrating surface. In some embodiments, the cervical collar does not surround the entire shaft but instead has a curved/hooked shape and can be made from a material such as stainless steel, polyethylene, or biocompatible material. In other embodiments, the cervical feeler can include a T-shape, a semi-circular footing, or a rounded shape. In some embodiments, more than one cervical feeler can be used so as to provide for multiple places of contact with the external os of the patient. Also, it may be preferable for the physician to pick and identify one spot on the external cervical face to make his internal fundal and cervical length measurements. This is because the cervix may not present itself as a normal, horizontal surface. As an example, picturing the cervix as a clock face, the physician may choose a location at 3 o'clock on the cervix. It may be preferable to have the cervical feeler attached to the cylindrical marking device on a rotatable collar so that the surgeon can ensure that the feeler hits the same reference point.


The balloons described herein can be any type of flexible balloon, such as rubber, latex, urethane, silicone, PET, LDPE, parylene, nylon, PE, combinations of these polymers, or can be manufactured from any other suitable material as known in the art.


Shaft 102 can be configured to deliver a heated vapor from a remote vapor source (not shown) through the device and out of vapor ports 107 in distal tip 106. The shaft can also be configured to return vapor that has exited the device, including bodily fluids, uterine materials, and condensate back through the vapor ports and into the shaft. In FIG. 1A, vapor ports 107 can include both vapor delivery and vapor return ports. In some embodiments, vapor delivery ports are separate and distinct from the vapor return ports, and in other embodiments, the same ports are used for both vapor delivery and vapor return. The vapor delivery ports are configured to provide an even distribution of heated vapor through a cavity or a balloon, an inflatable membrane or other porous structure, and may comprise small lumens or holes on the end of the shaft. The vapor return ports, in contrast, are configured to return used vapor and condensate, and may comprise larger slots to prevent blood, tissue, etc from blocking or clogging the return lumen. In some embodiments, as will be discussed in detail below, the entire distal tip 106 of the device, including vapor delivery and vapor return ports, can be covered with a mesh so as to filter any materials that may clog or obstruct the device.


Referring still to FIG. 1A, uterine ablation device 100 is shown in a collapsed delivery configuration, with distal balloon 108, sealing balloon 110, and positioning balloon 112 deflated to reduce the cross sectional diameter of the device and can be 6 mm in diameter during insertion or smaller. When the device is in the delivery configuration, the reduced profile allows for easier access to through the vagina, cervical canal, and cervix to gain access to the uterus, and provides reduced patient discomfort during insertion. In some embodiments, the outer dimensions of the uterine ablation device are such that introduction of the device into the uterine cavity can be achieved without the need for mechanical or pharmacological dilation of the os prior to device introduction.



FIG. 1B illustrates the uterine ablation device 100 of FIG. 1A with distal balloon 108 inflated. As shown the distal balloon 108 can comprise a disk or donut-like shape, so as to extend radially outward enough to provide adequate positioning within the uterus, while remaining narrow enough so as to block a minimal amount of tissue an not interfere with the vapor therapy. In some embodiments, the distal balloon can comprise a length along shaft 102 of approximately 3 to 10 mm and can comprise a diameter of approximately 13 to 16 mm. In other embodiments, the distal balloon can comprise other shapes, including spherical, tubular, or football shaped balloons. In some embodiments, the distal balloon can be replaced with a mechanical expansion mechanism such as flanges, hinges, frames, cages, filters, or nets that can be expanded by push-pull mechanisms of the outer shaft, or rotation of the outer shaft, in relation to an inner shaft connected to the mechanical expansion mechanism.


The distal balloon 108 can be inflated with a fluid, such as saline, or alternatively, can be inflated with air or gas. The distal balloon can be inflated with a room temperature medium, a cooled medium, or alternatively, a heated medium. In one embodiment, the positioning balloon can be filled with an echogenic medium. In another embodiment, the positioning balloon can be inflated with a saline and air bubbles mixture to allow for greater echogenicity via ultrasound imaging. In some embodiments, the positioning balloon includes a conductive coating to allow for heat transfer from the heated vapor through the conductive coating to the tissue. The positioning balloon can be molded or formed with structural grooves, ridges, or indentations that allow for vapor or heated materials to flow around the positioning balloon to treat the tissue in contact and proximal to the positioning balloon. The distal balloon is configured to be positioned just distal (approximately 1 cm) from the internal cervical os. This area of treatment just distal to the internal cervical os is generally referred to as the lower uterine segment.


The distal balloon can typically be inflated to a pressure of approximately 20 to 30 psi. With the distal balloon inflated to this inflation pressure, the axial force required to pull out the device from the uterus can range from 2 to 5 lbs. of force. In some embodiments, this inflation pressure is the pressure required to prevent accidental removal of the inflated balloon from the uterus, through the cervix.



FIGS. 1C-1D illustrate the uterine ablation device 100 of FIGS. 1A-1B with the positioning or proximal balloon 112 also inflated. As shown in FIGS. 1C-1D, both the distal balloon 108 and the positioning balloon 112 are inflated. The positioning balloon can also be inflated with a fluid, such as saline, or alternatively, can be inflated with air. In some embodiments, the proximal balloon can comprise a length along shaft 102 of approximately 50 mm to 70 mm. In another embodiment, the proximal balloon comprises a length along the shaft of approximately 40 mm to 90 mm. The length of the proximal balloon, and its distance along the shaft from distal balloon 108, ensures that when inflated, the proximal balloon will span the patient anatomy from at least a portion of the cervix, past the external os, and into the vagina. The proximal balloon can be inflated with a room temperature medium, a cooled medium, or alternatively, a heated medium. In FIG. 1C, the positioning balloon 112 is inflated, but the cervical collar 114 is positioned proximally from the positioning balloon so that inflation of the balloon does not expand the collar. In FIG. 1D, however, the cervical collar 114 is advanced distally along shaft 102 so as to partially surround positioning balloon 112. In this embodiment, when the proximal balloon is expanded, the cervical collar 114 is configured to expand radially outwards with the balloon, as shown.



FIG. 1E illustrates the uterine ablation device 100 of FIGS. 1A-1D with all three balloons inflated, including distal balloon 108, central sealing balloon 110, and positioning balloon 112. The central balloon can be inflated with a fluid, such as saline, or alternatively, can be inflated with air. The positioning balloon can be inflated with a room temperature medium, a cooled medium, or alternatively, a heated medium. In some embodiments, the central sealing balloon comprises a length along shaft 102 of approximately 15 mm to 25 mm. The central balloon can be disposed on the shaft between the distal balloon or anchor and the proximal balloon. In some embodiments, the central balloon is adjacent to both the distal balloon and the proximal balloon. In other embodiments, there is a small gap or space between one or more of the balloons. The length and position of the central balloon on the shaft ensures that when inflated, the central balloon seals the cervix off from the uterus near the internal os, but the balloon does not extend into the uterus or into the vagina of the patient. The central and proximal balloons can comprise any diameter, but preferably should have a diameter large enough to be able to engage the walls of the cervix and/or the vagina in the average female patient.



FIG. 2 illustrates a cross sectional view of shaft 202, which can correspond with shaft 102 of FIGS. 1A-1E above. The shaft can include vapor delivery lumen 220, vapor return lumen 222, and balloon inflation lumens 224, 226, and 228 corresponding to each of the distal balloon, sealing balloon, and positioning balloon described above.


Vapor delivery lumen 220 can be a central lumen within shaft 202 configured to deliver a heated high-quality vapor through the uterine ablation device to tissue. The vapor delivery lumen can be coupled to a vapor source, and can transport vapor from the vapor source to the distal tip of the device and out towards tissue via vapor delivery ports. The vapor delivery lumen can be concentrically placed within vapor return lumen 222, as shown. In some embodiments, the positions of vapor delivery lumen and vapor return lumen can be switched. Balloon inflation lumens 224, 226, and 228 can be configured to inflate and deflate the three balloons described above. It should be understood that the individual inflation lumens can be used for other balloons and other devices in additional embodiments. In some embodiments, one or more balloon inflation lumens are positioned external to shaft 202, and in other embodiments, one or more balloon inflation lumens are positioned within shaft 202, such as within vapor return lumen 222 as shown in FIG. 2. In one embodiment, a sensor (such as a fiber optic sensor) or thermocouple lead can be placed through an inflation lumen along the length of the shaft so as to position the sensor on or near the distal tip of the device.


In additional embodiments, lumens 220 and 222 can be off-center, or alternatively, the lumens need not be concentric and can be disposed side by side. In some embodiments, the shaft 202 can be surrounded by an additional lumen containing insulation to prevent damage to tissue that comes into contact with the shaft during vapor delivery. The shaft can be made from a variety of rigid and flexible materials such as stainless steel, titanium, Nitinol®, PEEK, polycarbonate, PET, and polyimide. In some embodiments the shaft may comprise multi-lumen extrusions for ease of assembly.



FIGS. 3A-3D illustrate one embodiment of a distal tip 306, corresponding to distal tip 106 of FIGS. 1A-1E. FIG. 3A illustrates a side view of distal tip 306, including a filter or mesh 330 configured to keep blood and tissue out of the return lumen of the shaft. The mesh 330 can cover the vapor ports, vapor return ports, vapor delivery lumen, and vapor return lumen, but still allow for the delivery and return of vapor to a patient. Additionally, the mesh structure can help protect and maintain in position internal components such as the vapor delivery elements and measurement devices such as pressure and temperature sensors within the tip. In some embodiments, the mesh can be made from a fluoropolymer, PET, nylon, or PE material. In a further refinement, the mesh can be provided with a certain porosity and geometry to create filter made from PET with about a 300 micron pore size (with an open area of 36-50%) to create an optimum flow through for vapor return with the ability to reduce the amount of particulates and other bodily materials from entering the return lumen. In some embodiments, the distal tip is rigid, and in other embodiments the tip incorporates flexibility so that it conforms to the anatomy of the uterine cavity to prevent damage or perforation of the uterine wall, while maintaining column strength sufficient to allow easy introduction through the os, into the uterine cavity. In another embodiment, the filter can be made to expand in the uterine cavity to increase the amount of surface area available for filtering material from the uterine cavity. This expansion can be created be mechanically advancing the distal end of the filter tip, rotating the outer shaft and unrolling the distal filter tip, or expanding and stretching corrugations in the filter tip.



FIG. 3B is a cross sectional view of the distal tip of FIG. 3A, showing the internal elements of the distal tip. As shown, the distal tip can incorporate supportive elements 332, such as coils or ribbons, to maintain its cylindrical shape and support the mesh in place. As shown in the cross sectional view, vapor delivery lumen 320 can be positioned centrally to the distal tip, and surrounded by supportive elements 332 and mesh 330. The vapor delivery lumen 320 can terminate at vapor ports 307, which are configured to spray or deliver vapor from the distal tip of the device. The remaining volume within the distal tip can comprise vapor return lumen 322, which, as described above, can be a concentric lumen to vapor delivery lumen 320. Maximizing the surface area available for the vapor return lumen can prevent clogging during operation of the device. Thus, in some embodiments, the vapor delivery ports can comprise as little as 10% of the surface area of the distal tip, and the vapor return ports or vapor return lumen can comprise as much as 80% of the surface area of the distal tip and in some embodiments higher surface areas of up to approximately 95%.


In some embodiments, the distal tip contains nozzles for delivering the vapor in a spray pattern. The plurality of nozzles or ports can help prevent obstruction of the vapor source by the surrounding tissue, such as in cases where the device embeds partially into the uterine wall. In some embodiments, separate vapor ports are coupled to the delivery and return lumens. The vapor delivery ports can comprise slits, holes (as shown in FIG. 3B), or various other nozzle shapes configured to deliver a heated vapor from the ablation device.



FIGS. 3C and 3D illustrate one embodiment of a split chamber tip 334 having vapor delivery ports 307 that can be used at the distal end of distal tip 306. Slot 336 can be configured to receive the vapor delivery lumen described above. As shown in the cross-sectional view in FIG. 3D, the split chamber tip 334 can include a chamber 338 within the tip to aid in dispersing the vapor prior to reaching vapor delivery ports 307. The split chamber tip can be constructed from a porous mesh made from PET or other polymer, metallic screen, or fibers to prevent debris from entering the vapor probe.


In another embodiment, the distal tip of the device can reside within an inflatable balloon or membrane that is affixed to the shaft. Vapor that exits the distal tip can inflate the balloon that contacts the inner lining of the body cavity or uterus. The vapor ports in conjunction with the return lumen provide a continuous flow of heated vapor to the balloon or membrane while condensate and excess pressure is relieved through the distal tip and return lumen. In addition, heated vapor can be supplied preferentially and separately to the distal balloon to provide a specific heating regime to the lower uterine area near the internal os.


Compartmentally, different heating protocols can be configured with multiple balloon configurations within the bodily cavity depending upon the application, tissue mass, and the desire to minimize or maximize the amount of ablation within a certain target area of the body. As an example, separate balloon compartments can be configure to preferentially inflate in the corneal areas of the uterus where the amount of thermal energy required would be less than required in the corpus or fundus of the uterus. Conversely, different balloons or membranes can be filled with cooling media (fluid or gas) that serves to preserve that area of tissue from thermal injury. As an example, the sealing balloon and proximal positioning balloon (from the above figures) can be supplied with cooling media to protect the cervical area while the uterine cavity balloon is filled with vapor and distal balloon supplied with less vapor or intermittent vapor to reduce the amount of the thermal energy supplied in this area of the body.


A method of using the uterine ablation device will now be described with respect to FIGS. 4A-4C. Uterine ablation device 400 of FIGS. 4A-4C can be the uterine ablation device described above. Prior to using the device, a physician can measure the length of the patient's cervix, or a distance from a reference point in the vagina to the fundus, and adjust cervical measurement 416 on device 400 to correspond to the measured or estimated cervical length. This, in turn, adjusts the position of cervical collar 414 along shaft 402 to prevent over advancement the ablation device and perforating the uterus. Referring to FIG. 4A, uterine ablation device 200 can be arranged in a delivery configuration with all three balloons 408, 410, and 412 deflated and inserted into the vagina approaching the external os of the cervix.


Next, referring to FIG. 4B, the distal tip 406 of the ablation device can be inserted past the external os into the cervical canal, and past the internal os of the patient to gain access to the uterus. In one embodiment, the distal balloon 408 is positioned within the uterus distal to the internal os, the sealing balloon 410 is positioned at or proximal to the internal os and extending into the cervical canal, and the positioning balloon 412 is positioned within the cervical canal and extending proximally into or towards the vagina. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4B, cervical collar 414 abuts the external os of the cervix, preventing further advancement of the device and preventing perforation of the uterine cavity. Adjusting the distance of the cervical collar to the distal tip based on a cervical measurement can ensure proper positioning of the distal tip of the device within the uterus, such as approximately 1 cm distal to the internal os.


Referring now to FIG. 4C, once distal tip 406 of the ablation device is disposed within the uterus, just distal to the internal os, the distal balloon 408 can be inflated to the desired pressure. In some embodiments, the balloon can be inflated to a pressure of up to approximately 20 to 30 psi so as to prevent accidental withdrawal of the ablation device from the uterus. It should be noted that at this point in the method, the distal balloon is positioned slightly past the internal os of the cervix. Inflation of the distal balloon can later serve as an anchor to prevent the device from sliding proximally out of the uterus.


Referring now to FIG. 4D, after inflating the distal balloon, proximal balloon 412 can be inflated to cause the device to assume the positioned configuration, as shown in FIG. 4E, with the distal balloon 408 full seated against the internal os and the positioning or proximal balloon 412 expanded within the cervix and extending past the external os into the vagina. It should be noted that in FIG. 4D, the proximal balloon is only partially inflated, and the distal balloon is still a short distance away from the internal os of the cervix. As the proximal balloon is inflated, the balloon can expand outwardly from the cervix into the relatively unconstrained space of the vagina, which creates a compression force that pulls the device and distal balloon 408 proximally to engage against the interior portion of the internal os (also known as the cervical ostium or cervical os). It should also be noted that in FIG. 4D, as the proximal positioning balloon 412 expands, the cervical collar 414 is adapted to expand radially to allow expansion of the balloon, while maintaining contact with the cervix to prevent over insertion.



FIG. 4E illustrates the distal balloon fully seated against the internal os, and shows positioning balloon fully inflated and spanning the distance from a portion of the cervix to a portion of the vagina. Inflation of the positioning balloon from within the cervix out into the vagina is critical for positioning the uterine ablation device properly within the patient. As the balloon expands outwards into the vagina, it can assume a “wedge” shape, which causes the proximal device movement indicated by arrows 440 to seat the distal balloon against the internal os. The distal balloon can have a sealing effect against the internal os as the positioning balloon pulls it proximally. One advantage of the proximal positioning balloon is to standardize the amount of compression forces from patient to patient and physician to physician. In some embodiments, the compression forces range from 0.5 to 3 lbs. This consistency can ensure that a minimum amount of compression is applied for each procedure, and can eliminate the risk of one physician pulling too hard and extracting the device from the patient when the distal balloon is inflated. In one embodiment, the positioning balloon is inflated as high as 10 psi to position the device to pull the device proximally and seat the distal balloon against the internal os.


Referring now to FIG. 4F, when the ablation device, more specifically the distal balloon, is positioned against the cervical os as in FIG. 4E, sealing balloon 410 can be inflated to seal the cervical canal off from the uterus. The sealing balloon 410 is configured to seal off the uterus from the cervical canal and vagina, such as proximally to the internal os, so as to prevent leakage of vapor back into those sensitive portions of the patient's anatomy. In this figure, the sealing balloon is shown as cylindrically-shaped, but it may be advantageous to have the sealing balloon with variable geometry (e.g., with radial projections, pear-shape, bulbous proximal end) to more firmly engage the cervical canal or external os of the cervix. In one embodiment, the sealing balloon is inflated as high as 7 psi to seal off the uterus from the rest of the anatomy. The system described herein can provide for triple-redundant sealing; the distal balloon 408 against the interior surface of the internal os, the sealing balloon 410 against the interior surface of the interior os as well as along a portion of the interior surface of the cervical canal, and the positioning balloon 412 against a portion of the interior surface of the cervical canal, the exterior os, and a portion of the vagina. This arrangement provides for maximum safety for the patient as well as increased accuracy in positioning the device prior to vapor delivery and ablation.


In another embodiment, referring now to FIGS. 4G-4H, the proximal balloon function can also be accomplished by a non-expandable cervical collar that is spring loaded. For example, in FIG. 4G, the distal tip of the ablation device can be positioned within the uterus, and the distal balloon or anchor 408 can be inflated or expanded distally to the internal os, as described above, and the cervical collar 414 can be placed in contact with the external os. As shown, the cervical collar in this embodiment can include a non-expandable, wedge shaped collar. In other embodiments, the cervical collar can be expandable. However, the collar should be sized and shaped so as to engage the external os and prevent the cervical collar from fully entering the cervix. Referring to FIG. 4H, the device can include a spring 442 or other force mechanism (e.g., a mechanical ratchet, a piston, a motor, etc) configured to apply force to the cervical collar. The spring can be locked into position until released, so as to allow for proper positioning of the device within the uterus. Unlocking the spring can then apply compression force or pressure on the exo cervix or external os with the cervical collar, thus pulling on the device proximally to seat the distal anchor as shown in FIG. 4H.


Once the device has been properly positioned, a heated vapor can be delivered from the distal tip 406 of ablation device 400 through vapor ports 407 into the uterus to ablate the uterine tissue. The vapor condenses on tissue and comes into direct contact with the tissue within the uterus. In some embodiments, the shaft of the uterine ablation device can include a thermocouple or other temperature sensor positioned proximally of the positioning balloon or sealing balloon to sense and indicate a vapor leak from the uterus into the cervical canal. In one embodiment, the ablation incorporates a pressure sensor in the uterine cavity. Upon completion of the ablation therapy or when a predetermined pressure has been achieved, the vapor can be removed from the uterus through the distal tip of the device. In one embodiment, the distal balloon 408 can be deflated immediately prior to, or during vapor delivery, so as to allow vapor to permeate and ablate the tissue that was formerly blocked by the distal balloon. This step is permissible and safe for the patient since sealing balloon 410 and positioning balloon 412 still provide dual redundancy for preventing vapor to escape back into the sensitive portions of the anatomy, such as the cervix and vagina.


In another method, the uterine ablation device can be positioned and used for treatment with only the distal anchor and central sealing balloon. In this embodiment, the uterine ablation device can be arranged in a delivery configuration and inserted through the vagina, cervical canal, and cervix of a patient to gain access to the uterus. Once the distal tip of the ablation device is disposed within the uterus, the distal anchor can be inflated or expanded. Upon inflating or expanding the distal balloon, the uterine ablation device can be pulled proximally (e.g., by a physician) to engage the interior portion of the cervix, the cervical ostium or internal os. When the ablation device is positioned against the internal os, the central sealing balloon can be inflated to seal the cervical canal from the uterus. Next, a heated vapor can be delivered from the ablation device through the vapor delivery ports to the uterus to ablate the uterine tissue. Upon completion of the ablation therapy or when a predetermined pressure has been achieved, the vapor can be removed from the uterus through the vapor return ports.


As for additional details pertinent to the present invention, materials and manufacturing techniques may be employed as within the level of those with skill in the relevant art. The same may hold true with respect to method-based aspects of the invention in terms of additional acts commonly or logically employed. Also, it is contemplated that any optional feature of the inventive variations described may be set forth and claimed independently, or in combination with any one or more of the features described herein. Likewise, reference to a singular item includes the possibility that there are plural of the same items present. More specifically, as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “and,” “said,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It is further noted that the claims may be drafted to exclude any optional element. As such, this statement is intended to serve as antecedent basis for use of such exclusive terminology as “solely,” “only” and the like in connection with the recitation of claim elements, or use of a “negative” limitation. Unless defined otherwise herein, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The breadth of the present invention is not to be limited by the subject specification, but rather only by the plain meaning of the claim terms employed.

Claims
  • 1. A uterine device, comprising: a shaft sized and configured to access a uterus of a patient, the shaft being coupled to a fluid source;fluid delivery ports disposed on a distal portion of the shaft;a distal balloon positioned proximally on the shaft from the fluid delivery ports;a central balloon positioned proximally to the distal balloon, the central balloon configured to contact an internal os and a cervical canal of the patient when the distal balloon is positioned in the uterus against the internal os;a proximal balloon positioned proximally to the central balloon, the proximal balloon configured to span from the cervical canal into a vagina of the patient when the distal balloon is positioned against the internal os; anda controller disposed within the handle and operably coupled to the distal balloon, the central balloon, and the proximal balloon, the controller configured to inflate the proximal balloon after inflating the distal balloon to create a compression force that pulls the uterine device and the distal balloon proximally to engage against an interior portion of an internal os of the patient.
  • 2. The uterine device of claim 1 further comprising a filter portion disposed on the distal portion of the shaft, the filter portion configured to remove fluid from the uterus but prevent removal of tissue, blood clots, or debris from the uterus.
  • 3. The uterine device of claim 1 wherein the central balloon has a length along the shaft of approximately 15 mm to 25 mm.
  • 4. The uterine device of claim 1 wherein the distal balloon has a length along the shaft of approximately 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • 5. The uterine device of claim 1 wherein the proximal balloon has a length along the shaft of approximately 50 mm to 70 mm.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/292,889, filed Nov. 9, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,743,974, which application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/411,840, filed Nov. 9, 2010, titled “Uterine Vapor Therapy Device”, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/544,885, filed Oct. 7, 2011, titled “Positioning Method And Apparatus For Delivering Vapor to the Uterus”, all of which are incorporated by reference herein.

US Referenced Citations (580)
Number Name Date Kind
408899 Small Aug 1889 A
697181 Smith Apr 1902 A
1719750 Bridge et al. Jul 1929 A
3818913 Wallach Jun 1974 A
3871374 Bolduc et al. Mar 1975 A
3880168 Berman Apr 1975 A
3924628 Droegemueller et al. Dec 1975 A
3930505 Wallach Jan 1976 A
4083077 Knight et al. Apr 1978 A
4447227 Kotsanis May 1984 A
4672962 Hershenson Jun 1987 A
4682596 Bales et al. Jul 1987 A
4748979 Hershenson Jun 1988 A
4773410 Blackmer et al. Sep 1988 A
4793352 Eichenlaub Dec 1988 A
4872920 Flynn et al. Oct 1989 A
4898574 Uchiyama et al. Feb 1990 A
4915113 Holman Apr 1990 A
4941475 Williams et al. Jul 1990 A
4950266 Sinofsky Aug 1990 A
4976711 Parins et al. Dec 1990 A
4985027 Dressel Jan 1991 A
5006119 Acker et al. Apr 1991 A
5011566 Hoffman Apr 1991 A
5045056 Behl Sep 1991 A
5078736 Behl Jan 1992 A
5084043 Hertzmann et al. Jan 1992 A
5084044 Quint Jan 1992 A
5102410 Dressel Apr 1992 A
5112328 Taboada et al. May 1992 A
5122138 Manwaring Jun 1992 A
5158536 Sekins et al. Oct 1992 A
5162374 Mulieri et al. Nov 1992 A
5190539 Fletcher et al. Mar 1993 A
5217459 Kamerling Jun 1993 A
5217465 Steppe Jun 1993 A
5242474 Herbst et al. Sep 1993 A
5246436 Rowe Sep 1993 A
5263951 Spears et al. Nov 1993 A
5277201 Stern Jan 1994 A
5277696 Hagen Jan 1994 A
5306274 Long Apr 1994 A
5318014 Carter Jun 1994 A
5331947 Shturman Jul 1994 A
5334190 Seiler Aug 1994 A
5344397 Heaven et al. Sep 1994 A
5348551 Spears et al. Sep 1994 A
5352512 Hoffman Oct 1994 A
5417686 Peterson et al. May 1995 A
5424620 Cheon et al. Jun 1995 A
5433708 Nichols et al. Jul 1995 A
5433739 Sluijter et al. Jul 1995 A
5437629 Goldrath Aug 1995 A
5443470 Stern et al. Aug 1995 A
5445168 Krebs Aug 1995 A
5449380 Chin Sep 1995 A
5451208 Goldrath Sep 1995 A
5462521 Brucker et al. Oct 1995 A
5500012 Brucker et al. Mar 1996 A
5503638 Cooper et al. Apr 1996 A
5505730 Edwards Apr 1996 A
5524620 Rosenschein Jun 1996 A
5529076 Schachar Jun 1996 A
5540658 Evans et al. Jul 1996 A
5542928 Evans et al. Aug 1996 A
5554172 Horner et al. Sep 1996 A
5562608 Sekins et al. Oct 1996 A
5562720 Stern et al. Oct 1996 A
5584872 LaFontaine et al. Dec 1996 A
5591157 Hennings et al. Jan 1997 A
5616120 Andrew et al. Apr 1997 A
5620440 Heckele et al. Apr 1997 A
5647871 Levine et al. Jul 1997 A
5653692 Masterson et al. Aug 1997 A
5662671 Barbut et al. Sep 1997 A
5665074 Kelly Sep 1997 A
5669907 Platt et al. Sep 1997 A
5674191 Edwards et al. Oct 1997 A
5681282 Eggers et al. Oct 1997 A
5683366 Eggers et al. Nov 1997 A
5688267 Panescu et al. Nov 1997 A
5695507 Auth et al. Dec 1997 A
5697281 Eggers et al. Dec 1997 A
5697536 Eggers et al. Dec 1997 A
5697882 Eggers et al. Dec 1997 A
5697909 Eggers et al. Dec 1997 A
5700262 Acosta et al. Dec 1997 A
5707352 Sekins et al. Jan 1998 A
5730719 Edwards Mar 1998 A
5735811 Brisken Apr 1998 A
5741247 Rizoiu et al. Apr 1998 A
5741248 Stern et al. Apr 1998 A
5743870 Edwards Apr 1998 A
5752965 Francis et al. May 1998 A
5754717 Esch May 1998 A
5755753 Knowlton May 1998 A
5769880 Truckai et al. Jun 1998 A
5782914 Schankereli Jul 1998 A
5785521 Rizoiu et al. Jul 1998 A
5800379 Edwards Sep 1998 A
5800482 Pomeranz et al. Sep 1998 A
5800493 Stevens et al. Sep 1998 A
5810764 Eggers et al. Sep 1998 A
5820580 Edwards et al. Oct 1998 A
5824703 Clark Oct 1998 A
5827268 Laufer Oct 1998 A
5836896 Rosenschein Nov 1998 A
5836906 Edwards Nov 1998 A
5843019 Eggers et al. Dec 1998 A
5871469 Eggers et al. Feb 1999 A
5873855 Eggers et al. Feb 1999 A
5879329 Ginsburg Mar 1999 A
5885243 Capetan et al. Mar 1999 A
5888198 Eggers et al. Mar 1999 A
5891094 Masterson et al. Apr 1999 A
5891095 Eggers et al. Apr 1999 A
5891134 Goble et al. Apr 1999 A
5891457 Neuwirth Apr 1999 A
5902272 Eggers et al. May 1999 A
5911734 Tsugita et al. Jun 1999 A
5913856 Chia et al. Jun 1999 A
5938660 Swartz et al. Aug 1999 A
5944686 Patterson et al. Aug 1999 A
5944715 Goble et al. Aug 1999 A
5957919 Laufer Sep 1999 A
5964752 Stone Oct 1999 A
5968037 Rizoiu et al. Oct 1999 A
5980504 Sharkey et al. Nov 1999 A
5986662 Argiro et al. Nov 1999 A
5989212 Sussman et al. Nov 1999 A
5989249 Kirwan Nov 1999 A
5989445 Wise et al. Nov 1999 A
5997499 Sussman et al. Dec 1999 A
6004509 Dey et al. Dec 1999 A
6015406 Goble et al. Jan 2000 A
6024095 Stanley Feb 2000 A
6024733 Eggers et al. Feb 2000 A
6027501 Goble et al. Feb 2000 A
6032077 Pomeranz Feb 2000 A
6045532 Eggers et al. Apr 2000 A
6045549 Smethers et al. Apr 2000 A
6047700 Eggers et al. Apr 2000 A
6053172 Hovda et al. Apr 2000 A
6053909 Shadduck Apr 2000 A
6056746 Goble et al. May 2000 A
6057689 Saadat May 2000 A
6059011 Giolo May 2000 A
6063079 Hovda et al. May 2000 A
6063081 Mulier et al. May 2000 A
6066134 Eggers et al. May 2000 A
6066139 Ryan et al. May 2000 A
6080128 Sussman et al. Jun 2000 A
6080151 Swartz et al. Jun 2000 A
6083255 Laufer et al. Jul 2000 A
6086585 Hovda et al. Jul 2000 A
6095149 Sharkey et al. Aug 2000 A
6099251 LaFleur Aug 2000 A
6102046 Weinstein et al. Aug 2000 A
6102885 Bass Aug 2000 A
6105581 Eggers et al. Aug 2000 A
6106516 Massengill Aug 2000 A
6109268 Thapliyal et al. Aug 2000 A
6113597 Eggers et al. Sep 2000 A
6113722 Hoffman et al. Sep 2000 A
6117109 Eggers et al. Sep 2000 A
6126682 Sharkey et al. Oct 2000 A
6130671 Argiro Oct 2000 A
6139571 Fuller et al. Oct 2000 A
6149620 Baker et al. Nov 2000 A
6156036 Sussman et al. Dec 2000 A
6159160 Hsei et al. Dec 2000 A
6159194 Eggers et al. Dec 2000 A
6159207 Yoon Dec 2000 A
6159208 Hovda et al. Dec 2000 A
6162232 Shadduck Dec 2000 A
6174308 Goble et al. Jan 2001 B1
6179805 Sussman et al. Jan 2001 B1
6179824 Eggers et al. Jan 2001 B1
6179836 Eggers et al. Jan 2001 B1
6183469 Thapliyal et al. Feb 2001 B1
6190381 Olsen et al. Feb 2001 B1
6194066 Hoffman Feb 2001 B1
6196989 Padget et al. Mar 2001 B1
6200333 Laufer Mar 2001 B1
6203542 Ellsberry et al. Mar 2001 B1
6210402 Olsen et al. Apr 2001 B1
6210404 Shadduck Apr 2001 B1
6210405 Goble et al. Apr 2001 B1
6219059 Argiro Apr 2001 B1
6224592 Eggers et al. May 2001 B1
6228078 Eggers et al. May 2001 B1
6228081 Goble May 2001 B1
6228082 Baker et al. May 2001 B1
6231567 Rizoiu et al. May 2001 B1
6235020 Cheng et al. May 2001 B1
6238391 Olsen et al. May 2001 B1
6254597 Rizoiu et al. Jul 2001 B1
6254600 Willink et al. Jul 2001 B1
6261286 Goble et al. Jul 2001 B1
6261311 Sharkey et al. Jul 2001 B1
6264650 Hovda et al. Jul 2001 B1
6264651 Underwood et al. Jul 2001 B1
6264652 Eggers et al. Jul 2001 B1
6277112 Underwood et al. Aug 2001 B1
6277114 Bullivant et al. Aug 2001 B1
6283910 Bradshaw et al. Sep 2001 B1
6283961 Underwood et al. Sep 2001 B1
6283989 Laufer et al. Sep 2001 B1
6290715 Sharkey et al. Sep 2001 B1
6293942 Goble et al. Sep 2001 B1
6296636 Cheng et al. Oct 2001 B1
6296638 Davison et al. Oct 2001 B1
6299633 Laufer Oct 2001 B1
6300150 Venkatasubramanian Oct 2001 B1
6306129 Little et al. Oct 2001 B1
6306134 Goble et al. Oct 2001 B1
6309387 Eggers et al. Oct 2001 B1
6312408 Eggers et al. Nov 2001 B1
6312474 Francis et al. Nov 2001 B1
6315755 Sussman Nov 2001 B1
6319221 Savage et al. Nov 2001 B1
6322549 Eggers et al. Nov 2001 B1
6327505 Medhkour et al. Dec 2001 B1
6331171 Cohen Dec 2001 B1
6355032 Hovda et al. Mar 2002 B1
6361531 Hissong Mar 2002 B1
6363937 Hovda et al. Apr 2002 B1
6364877 Goble et al. Apr 2002 B1
6375635 Moutafis et al. Apr 2002 B1
6379350 Sharkey et al. Apr 2002 B1
6379351 Thapliyal et al. Apr 2002 B1
6391025 Weinstein et al. May 2002 B1
6394949 Crowley et al. May 2002 B1
6394996 Lawrence et al. May 2002 B1
6398759 Sussman et al. Jun 2002 B1
6398775 Perkins et al. Jun 2002 B1
6409699 Ash Jun 2002 B1
6409723 Edwards Jun 2002 B1
6416507 Eggers et al. Jul 2002 B1
6416508 Eggers et al. Jul 2002 B1
6416509 Goble et al. Jul 2002 B1
6432103 Ellsberry et al. Aug 2002 B1
6440089 Shine Aug 2002 B1
6458231 Wapner et al. Oct 2002 B1
6461350 Underwood et al. Oct 2002 B1
6461354 Olsen et al. Oct 2002 B1
6464694 Massengill Oct 2002 B1
6464695 Hovda et al. Oct 2002 B2
6468270 Hovda et al. Oct 2002 B1
6468274 Alleyne et al. Oct 2002 B1
6468313 Claeson et al. Oct 2002 B1
6475215 Tanrisever Nov 2002 B1
6482201 Olsen et al. Nov 2002 B1
6488673 Laufer et al. Dec 2002 B1
6493589 Medhkour et al. Dec 2002 B1
6500173 Underwood et al. Dec 2002 B2
6508816 Shadduck Jan 2003 B2
6510854 Goble Jan 2003 B2
6517533 Swaminathan Feb 2003 B1
6522930 Schaer et al. Feb 2003 B1
6527761 Soltesz et al. Mar 2003 B1
6527766 Bair Mar 2003 B1
6540741 Underwood et al. Apr 2003 B1
6544211 Andrew et al. Apr 2003 B1
6544261 Ellsberry et al. Apr 2003 B2
6547784 Thompson et al. Apr 2003 B1
6551271 Nguyen Apr 2003 B2
6551274 Heiner Apr 2003 B2
6554780 Sampson et al. Apr 2003 B1
6557559 Eggers et al. May 2003 B1
6558379 Batchelor et al. May 2003 B1
6565561 Goble May 2003 B1
6569146 Werner et al. May 2003 B1
6575929 Sussman et al. Jun 2003 B2
6575933 Wittenberger et al. Jun 2003 B1
6575968 Eggers et al. Jun 2003 B1
6579270 Sussman et al. Jun 2003 B2
6582423 Thapliyal et al. Jun 2003 B1
6585639 Kotmel et al. Jul 2003 B1
6588613 Pechenik et al. Jul 2003 B1
6589201 Sussman et al. Jul 2003 B1
6589237 Woloszko et al. Jul 2003 B2
6592594 Rimbaugh et al. Jul 2003 B2
6595990 Weinstein et al. Jul 2003 B1
6599311 Biggs et al. Jul 2003 B1
6602248 Sharps et al. Aug 2003 B1
6610043 Ingenito Aug 2003 B1
6620155 Underwood et al. Sep 2003 B2
6623444 Babaev Sep 2003 B2
6626855 Weng et al. Sep 2003 B1
6629974 Penny et al. Oct 2003 B2
6632193 Davison et al. Oct 2003 B1
6632220 Eggers et al. Oct 2003 B1
6634363 Danek et al. Oct 2003 B1
6653525 Ingenito et al. Nov 2003 B2
6669685 Rizoiu et al. Dec 2003 B1
6669694 Shadduck Dec 2003 B2
6676628 Sussman et al. Jan 2004 B2
6676629 Andrew et al. Jan 2004 B2
6679264 Deem et al. Jan 2004 B1
6679879 Shadduck Jan 2004 B2
6692494 Cooper et al. Feb 2004 B1
6695839 Sharkey et al. Feb 2004 B2
6699212 Kadziauskas et al. Mar 2004 B1
6699244 Carranza et al. Mar 2004 B2
6708056 Duchon et al. Mar 2004 B2
6712811 Underwood et al. Mar 2004 B2
6712812 Roschak et al. Mar 2004 B2
6719754 Underwood et al. Apr 2004 B2
6726684 Woloszko et al. Apr 2004 B1
6726708 Lasheras Apr 2004 B2
6746447 Davison et al. Jun 2004 B2
6749604 Eggers et al. Jun 2004 B1
6755794 Soukup Jun 2004 B2
6758846 Goble et al. Jul 2004 B2
6763836 Tasto et al. Jul 2004 B2
6766202 Underwood et al. Jul 2004 B2
6770070 Balbierz Aug 2004 B1
6770071 Woloszko et al. Aug 2004 B2
6772012 Ricart et al. Aug 2004 B2
6773431 Eggers et al. Aug 2004 B2
6776765 Soukup et al. Aug 2004 B2
6780180 Goble et al. Aug 2004 B1
6805130 Tasto et al. Oct 2004 B2
6813520 Truckai et al. Nov 2004 B2
6832996 Woloszko et al. Dec 2004 B2
6837884 Woloszko Jan 2005 B2
6837887 Woloszko et al. Jan 2005 B2
6837888 Ciarrocca et al. Jan 2005 B2
6852108 Barry et al. Feb 2005 B2
6860847 Alferness et al. Mar 2005 B2
6875194 MacKool Apr 2005 B2
6896672 Eggers et al. May 2005 B1
6896674 Woloszko et al. May 2005 B1
6896675 Leung et al. May 2005 B2
6896690 Lambrecht et al. May 2005 B1
6901927 Deem et al. Jun 2005 B2
6904909 Andreas et al. Jun 2005 B2
6907881 Suki et al. Jun 2005 B2
6911028 Shadduck Jun 2005 B2
6915806 Pacek et al. Jul 2005 B2
6918903 Bass Jul 2005 B2
6921385 Clements et al. Jul 2005 B2
6929640 Underwood et al. Aug 2005 B1
6929642 Xiao et al. Aug 2005 B2
6949096 Davison et al. Sep 2005 B2
6955675 Jain Oct 2005 B2
6960204 Eggers et al. Nov 2005 B2
6962584 Stone et al. Nov 2005 B1
6972014 Eum et al. Dec 2005 B2
6978174 Gelfand et al. Dec 2005 B2
6986769 Nelson et al. Jan 2006 B2
6991028 Comeaux et al. Jan 2006 B2
6991631 Woloszko et al. Jan 2006 B2
7004940 Ryan et al. Feb 2006 B2
7004941 Tvinnereim et al. Feb 2006 B2
7022688 Keast et al. Apr 2006 B1
7031504 Argiro et al. Apr 2006 B1
7070596 Woloszko et al. Jul 2006 B1
7083612 Littrup et al. Aug 2006 B2
7094215 Davison et al. Aug 2006 B2
7094249 Broome et al. Aug 2006 B1
7101367 Xiao et al. Sep 2006 B2
7104986 Hovda et al. Sep 2006 B2
7105007 Hibler Sep 2006 B2
RE39358 Goble Oct 2006 E
7128748 Mooradian et al. Oct 2006 B2
7131969 Hovda et al. Nov 2006 B1
7136064 Zuiderveld Nov 2006 B2
7144402 Kuester Dec 2006 B2
7144588 Oray et al. Dec 2006 B2
7162303 Levin et al. Jan 2007 B2
7169143 Eggers et al. Jan 2007 B2
7179255 Lettice et al. Feb 2007 B2
7186234 Dahla et al. Mar 2007 B2
7192400 Campbell et al. Mar 2007 B2
7192428 Eggers et al. Mar 2007 B2
7201750 Eggers et al. Apr 2007 B1
7217268 Eggers et al. May 2007 B2
7233820 Gilboa Jun 2007 B2
7235070 Vanney Jun 2007 B2
7241293 Davison Jul 2007 B2
7270658 Woloszko et al. Sep 2007 B2
7270659 Ricart et al. Sep 2007 B2
7270661 Dahla et al. Sep 2007 B2
7276063 Davison et al. Oct 2007 B2
7297143 Woloszko et al. Nov 2007 B2
7297145 Woloszko et al. Nov 2007 B2
7311708 McClurken Dec 2007 B2
7320325 Duchon et al. Jan 2008 B2
7335195 Mehier Feb 2008 B2
7347859 Garabedian et al. Mar 2008 B2
7524315 Blott et al. Apr 2009 B2
7585295 Ben-Nun Sep 2009 B2
7617005 Demarais et al. Nov 2009 B2
7620451 Demarais et al. Nov 2009 B2
7653438 Deem et al. Jan 2010 B2
7756583 Demarais et al. Jul 2010 B2
7815616 Boehringer et al. Oct 2010 B2
7815646 Hart Oct 2010 B2
7853333 Demarais Dec 2010 B2
7873417 Demarais et al. Jan 2011 B2
7937143 Demarais et al. May 2011 B2
7993323 Barry et al. Aug 2011 B2
8131371 Demarals et al. Mar 2012 B2
8145316 Deem et al. Mar 2012 B2
8145317 Demarais et al. Mar 2012 B2
8150519 Demarais et al. Apr 2012 B2
8150520 Demarais et al. Apr 2012 B2
8175711 Demarais et al. May 2012 B2
8192424 Woloszko Jun 2012 B2
8197470 Sharkey et al. Jun 2012 B2
8216217 Sharkey et al. Jul 2012 B2
8221401 Sharkey et al. Jul 2012 B2
8221403 Sharkey et al. Jul 2012 B2
8313485 Shadduck Nov 2012 B2
8574226 Shadduck Nov 2013 B2
8579888 Hoey et al. Nov 2013 B2
8579892 Hoey et al. Nov 2013 B2
8585645 Barry et al. Nov 2013 B2
8585692 Shadduck et al. Nov 2013 B2
8801702 Hoey et al. Aug 2014 B2
8900223 Shadduck Dec 2014 B2
9662060 Peliks et al. May 2017 B2
9743974 Gurskis et al. Aug 2017 B2
9907599 Hoey et al. Mar 2018 B2
20020007180 Wittenberger et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020013601 Nobles et al. Jan 2002 A1
20020019627 Maguire et al. Feb 2002 A1
20020077516 Flanigan Jun 2002 A1
20020078956 Sharpe et al. Jun 2002 A1
20020111386 Sekins et al. Aug 2002 A1
20020128638 Chauvet et al. Sep 2002 A1
20020133147 Marchitto et al. Sep 2002 A1
20020151917 Barry Oct 2002 A1
20020161326 Sussman et al. Oct 2002 A1
20020173815 Hogendijk et al. Nov 2002 A1
20020177846 Mulier et al. Nov 2002 A1
20030028189 Woloszko et al. Feb 2003 A1
20030097126 Woloszko et al. May 2003 A1
20030099279 Venkatasubramanian et al. May 2003 A1
20030130738 Hovda et al. Jul 2003 A1
20030144654 Hilal Jul 2003 A1
20030158545 Hovda et al. Aug 2003 A1
20030163178 Davison et al. Aug 2003 A1
20030181922 Alferness Sep 2003 A1
20030212394 Pearson et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030217962 Childers et al. Nov 2003 A1
20030220604 Al-Anazi Nov 2003 A1
20030225364 Kraft et al. Dec 2003 A1
20040002698 Hua Xiao et al. Jan 2004 A1
20040024399 Sharps et al. Feb 2004 A1
20040047855 Ingenito Mar 2004 A1
20040049180 Sharps et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040055606 Hendricksen et al. Mar 2004 A1
20040068306 Shadduck Apr 2004 A1
20040116922 Hovda et al. Jun 2004 A1
20040199226 Shadduck Oct 2004 A1
20040230190 Dahla et al. Nov 2004 A1
20050010205 Hovda et al. Jan 2005 A1
20050119650 Sanders et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050143728 Sampson et al. Jun 2005 A1
20050166925 Wilson et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050171574 Rubinsky et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050171582 Matlock Aug 2005 A1
20050177147 Vancelette et al. Aug 2005 A1
20050215991 Altman et al. Sep 2005 A1
20050222485 Shaw et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050228423 Khashayar et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050228424 Khashayar et al. Oct 2005 A1
20050240171 Forrest Oct 2005 A1
20050267467 Paul et al. Dec 2005 A1
20050283143 Rizoiu Dec 2005 A1
20060004400 McGurk et al. Jan 2006 A1
20060047291 Barry Mar 2006 A1
20060058831 Atad Mar 2006 A1
20060085054 Zikorus et al. Apr 2006 A1
20060100619 McClurken et al. May 2006 A1
20060130830 Barry Jun 2006 A1
20060135955 Shadduck Jun 2006 A1
20060142783 Lewis et al. Jun 2006 A1
20060161233 Barry et al. Jul 2006 A1
20060200076 Gonzalez et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060206150 Demarais et al. Sep 2006 A1
20060224154 Shadduck et al. Oct 2006 A1
20060265053 Hunt Nov 2006 A1
20060271111 Demarais et al. Nov 2006 A1
20070021713 Kumar et al. Jan 2007 A1
20070032785 Diederich et al. Feb 2007 A1
20070129720 Demarais et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070129760 Demarais et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070129761 Demarais et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070135875 Demarais et al. Jun 2007 A1
20070225744 Nobles et al. Sep 2007 A1
20070239197 Dubey et al. Oct 2007 A1
20070288051 Beyer et al. Dec 2007 A1
20080033493 Deckman et al. Feb 2008 A1
20080077201 Levinson et al. Mar 2008 A1
20080125747 Prokop May 2008 A1
20080132826 Shadduck et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080135053 Gruber et al. Jun 2008 A1
20080161788 Dando et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080167664 Payne et al. Jul 2008 A1
20080249467 Burnett et al. Oct 2008 A1
20090024108 Lee-Sepsick et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090030412 Willis et al. Jan 2009 A1
20090054871 Sharkey Feb 2009 A1
20090076409 Wu et al. Mar 2009 A1
20090125010 Sharkey et al. May 2009 A1
20090216220 Hoey et al. Aug 2009 A1
20090306640 Glaze et al. Dec 2009 A1
20100078046 Labib et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100082021 Gutierrez et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100094270 Sharma Apr 2010 A1
20100100091 Truckai Apr 2010 A1
20100100094 Truckai Apr 2010 A1
20100106152 Truckai et al. Apr 2010 A1
20100114083 Sharma May 2010 A1
20100114089 Truckai et al. May 2010 A1
20100168731 Wu et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100168739 Wu et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100174282 Demarais et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100179528 Shadduck et al. Jul 2010 A1
20100204688 Hoey Aug 2010 A1
20100228222 Williams et al. Sep 2010 A1
20100249773 Clark et al. Sep 2010 A1
20100262133 Hoey et al. Oct 2010 A1
20110009829 Kosinski et al. Jan 2011 A1
20110054508 Zhou et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110077628 Hoey et al. Mar 2011 A1
20110112400 Emery et al. May 2011 A1
20110112432 Toth May 2011 A1
20110112433 Toth May 2011 A1
20110112523 Toth et al. May 2011 A1
20110118718 Toth et al. May 2011 A1
20110118719 Vissy et al. May 2011 A1
20110160648 Hoey Jun 2011 A1
20110166499 Demarais et al. Jul 2011 A1
20110178570 Demarais Jul 2011 A1
20110200171 Beetel et al. Aug 2011 A1
20110208096 Demarais et al. Aug 2011 A1
20110208178 Truckai Aug 2011 A1
20110257564 Demarais et al. Oct 2011 A1
20110264011 Wu et al. Oct 2011 A1
20110264075 Leung et al. Oct 2011 A1
20110264090 Shadduck et al. Oct 2011 A1
20120065632 Shadduck Mar 2012 A1
20120101413 Beetel et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120101538 Ballakur et al. Apr 2012 A1
20120116382 Ku et al. May 2012 A1
20120116383 Mauch et al. May 2012 A1
20120116486 Naga et al. May 2012 A1
20120130359 Turovskiy May 2012 A1
20120130360 Buckley et al. May 2012 A1
20120130458 Ryba et al. May 2012 A1
20120136343 Burnett May 2012 A1
20120136344 Buckley et al. May 2012 A1
20120136350 Goshgarian et al. May 2012 A1
20120136417 Buckley et al. May 2012 A1
20120136418 Buckley et al. May 2012 A1
20120143293 Mauch et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120150267 Buckley et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120158104 Huynh et al. Jun 2012 A1
20120197198 Demarais et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120197245 Burnett et al. Aug 2012 A1
20120209281 Truckai Aug 2012 A1
20120232545 Truckai et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120245583 Truckai et al. Sep 2012 A1
20120259271 Shadduck et al. Oct 2012 A1
20120283717 Sharkey et al. Nov 2012 A1
20130006231 Sharma et al. Jan 2013 A1
20130116683 Shadduck et al. May 2013 A1
20130237978 Shadduck et al. Sep 2013 A1
20130296837 Burnett et al. Nov 2013 A1
20140200570 Hoey et al. Jul 2014 A1
20150335373 Chee et al. Nov 2015 A1
20150335380 Chee et al. Nov 2015 A1
20170258511 Peliks et al. Sep 2017 A1
20180199982 Hoey et al. Jul 2018 A1
20180289416 Chee et al. Oct 2018 A1
Foreign Referenced Citations (27)
Number Date Country
201189204 Feb 2009 CN
201379631 Jan 2010 CN
102271602 Dec 2011 CN
2198797 Jun 2012 EP
H06-285074 Oct 1994 JP
2000502585 Mar 2000 JP
20003513742 Apr 2003 JP
2010516351 May 2010 JP
WO9953853 Oct 1999 WO
WO00011927 Mar 2000 WO
WO0029055 May 2000 WO
WO0185012 Nov 2001 WO
WO02069821 Sep 2002 WO
WO 03070302 Aug 2003 WO
WO2005025635 Mar 2005 WO
WO2005102175 Nov 2005 WO
WO2006003665 Jan 2006 WO
WO 2006055695 May 2006 WO
WO06108974 Oct 2006 WO
WO2009009398 Jan 2009 WO
WO2010045055 Apr 2010 WO
WO2010048007 Apr 2010 WO
WO2011025658 Mar 2011 WO
WO2011053599 May 2011 WO
WO2011060189 May 2011 WO
WO2011060191 May 2011 WO
WO2012106260 Aug 2012 WO
Non-Patent Literature Citations (12)
Entry
Van De Velde; Vapo-cauterization of the uterus; Amer. J. Med. Sci.; vol. CXVIII (118); Nov. 1899.
Blacker; Vaporization of the uterus; J. Obstet. & Gyn.; vol. 1; Issue 5; pp. 488-511; May 1902.
Neuwirth et al.; The endometrial ablator: a new instrument; Obst. & Gyn.; vol. 83; No. 5; part 1; pp. 792-796; May 1994.
Prior et al.; Treatment of mennorrhagia by radiofrequency heating; Int. J. Hyperthermia; vol. 7; No. 2; pp. 213-220; Mar.-Apr. 1991.
Baker et al.; Threshold intrauterine perfusion pressures for intraperitoneal spill during hydrotubation and correlation with tubal adhesive diseases; Fertility and Sterility; 64(6); pp. 1066-1069; Dec. 31, 1995.
Fishman et. al.; A randomized trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical therapy for severe emphysema; N Engl J Med; 348(210. pp. 2059-2073; May 22, 2003.
Homasson et. al.; Bronchoscopic cryotherapy for airway strictures caused by tumors; Chest; 90(2); pp. 159-164; Aug. 1, 1986.
Marasso et al.; Radiofrequency resection of bronchial tumours in combination with cryotherapy: evaluation of a new technique; Thorax; 53(2); pp. 106-109; Feb. 1998.
Marasso et. al.; Cryosurgery in bronchoscopic treatment of tracheobronchial stenosis; Cheat; 103(2); pp. 472-474; Feb. 1993.
Morice et. al; Endobronchial argon plasma coagulation for treatment of hemoptysis and neoplastic airway obstruction; Chest; 119(3); pp. 781-787; Mar. 1, 2001.
Tschirren et. al.; Intrathoracic airway trees: segmentation and airway morphology analysis from low-dose CT scans; IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging; 24(12); pp. 1529-1539; Dec. 2005.
Unger et. al.; Monolithic Microfabricated Valves and Pumps by Multilayer Soft Lithography; Science, 288(5463); pp. 113-116; Apr. 7, 2000.
Related Publications (1)
Number Date Country
20170354452 A1 Dec 2017 US
Provisional Applications (2)
Number Date Country
61411840 Nov 2010 US
61544885 Oct 2011 US
Continuations (1)
Number Date Country
Parent 13292889 Nov 2011 US
Child 15689951 US