This section provides background information to facilitate a better understanding of the various aspects of the disclosure and is not an admission of prior art.
Vehicle barrier systems are used to prevent vehicles from entering a predetermined location. Anti-ram vehicle barriers (AVB) systems or vehicle security barriers (VSB) are configured to stop motor vehicles, such as trucks, that are intentionally crashed into the barrier in an attempt to breach the barrier and enter the protected area for nefarious purposes. Passive barriers are static after installation and deployment, in other words, passive AVBs “never” allow vehicular access to certain areas, while active AVBs (e.g., gates, drop arms, active wedges) control or limit vehicular access to a particular area.
Some anti-ram vehicle barriers are crash tested to ensure compliance with and obtain certification from a recognized standard. For example, the American Standard Test Method (ASTM F2656 Standard Test Method for Vehicle Crash Testing of Perimeter Barriers), British Standard Institute (PAS 68) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and International Works Agreement (IWA 14-1).
The U.S. State Department (DOS) published the certification standard SD-STD-02.01 (Test Method for Vehicle Crash Testing of Perimeter Barriers and Gates) in 1985. The test vehicle was specified as a medium-duty truck weighing 15,000 lb. (6800 kg) and the nominal velocities were 30 mph (50 km/hr.), 40 mph (65 km/hr.) and 50 mph (80 km/hr.). Penetration was measured from the pre-impact attack (front) side of the vehicle security barrier (VSB) and classified into three categories of penetration rating. In 2003, the standard was revised with measuring the penetration from the asset or protected (rear) side of the barrier and the limitation of permissible vehicle penetration to one meter (the highest level of penetration rating).
In 2007, the SD-STD-02.01 was replaced with ASTM F2656-07. This new standard included the medium-duty truck and added three new test vehicle types, a small passenger car, pickup truck, and a heavy goods truck. ASTM F2656-07 maintained three predetermined impact velocities for each vehicle category and penetration is measured from the rear face of the barrier and classified into four categories of penetration rating. The penetration ratings include P1 for less than or equal to 1 meter (3.3 ft.); P2 for 1.10 to 7 m (3.31 to 23.0 ft.); P3 for 7.01 to 30 m (23.1 to 98.4 ft.); and P4 for 30 m (98 ft.) or greater. ASTM F2656 was revised in 2015 (ASTM F2656-15) to include two additional vehicle types, a full-sized sedan and a cab over/cab forward class 7 truck and it excluded the lowest penetration rating (P4).
In 2005, the British Standard Institute (BSI) published PAS 68:2005 Specification for Vehicle Barriers: Fixed Bollards. The standard was expanded within two years to include other types of barriers, such as gates and road blockers. The 2013 version, “Impact Test Specifications for Vehicle Security Barrier Systems,” rates vehicle barrier systems based on six types of test vehicles, including seven test speeds, and penetration is measured from the rear (protected side) face of the barrier. PAS 68 defines the vehicle type, penetration, dispersion of debris and records the angle of the vehicle's approach. The PAS 68 rating includes a 5-to-7-part classification code, the includes: Classification of Test/Gross Weight of Vehicle (kgs) (Vehicle Class)/Impact Speed/Angle of Impact: Distance Leading Edge of Load Bay travels beyond the Original Position of Rear Face/Dispersion Distance of major debris weighing 25 kg or more from the barrier to establish stand-off distance. For example, a barrier (bollard) tested by impact by a 7500 kg day cab (“V”) at a ninety-degree angle traveling 80 km/hr. and resulting in penetration of 7.5 m with significant debris scattered up to 20.0 m away would be designated as V/7500(N3)/80/90:7.5/20.0. The dispersion distance can be used to determine a stand-off distance for example to mitigate damage from a vehicle born improvised explosive device (VBIED).
The European Committee for Standardization (CEN), recognized across 34 European countries, has produced a standard CWA 16221 that combines details of BS PAS 68 and PAS 69. PAS 69 provides guidance on the barrier's use and installation.
The 2013 International Works Agreement (IWA) 14-1:2013 provides an international specification for crash-testing. The system was developed by government agencies, military bodies and providing companies from the USA, UK, Germany, Norway, Oman, Singapore and Syria. This standard includes a merging of vehicle impact test specifications of the British PAS 68 and the American ASTM F2656. This international standard assesses vehicle barrier performance based on nine types of test vehicles with up to seven test speeds. Penetration is measured from the front (attack side) face of the VSB. The IWA 14 classification code represents Vehicle Impact Test/Gross Weight of Vehicle (Vehicle Class)/Impact Speed/Angle of Impact/Penetration beyond the original position of the Front/Impact face.
An exemplary beam-to-post connection in a vehicle barrier includes an upstanding post having a top end and a planar wall, a barrier beam extending longitudinally in a same vertical plane as the post and separating an attack side from an asset side, a first beam section of the barrier beam attached to the post on a first side of the post by a first post connection, the first post connection comprising a first beam plate extending from an end of the first beam section, a first post plate extending from the planar wall proximate the top end, and a first pin vertically disposed in the first beam plate and the first post plate, a second beam section of the barrier beam attached to the post on a second side of the post by a second post connection, and the second post connection comprising a second beam plate extending from an end of the second beam section, a second post plate extending from the planar wall proximate the top end, and a second pin vertically disposed in the second beam plate and the second post plate.
An exemplary vehicle barrier includes a first post and a second post each having a top end and a planar wall, a barrier beam extending longitudinally in a same vertical plane as the first post and the second post and the barrier beam separating an attack side from an asset side, a first post connection attaching the barrier beam to the first post, the first post connection comprising a first beam plate extending from a first end of the barrier beam, a first post plate extending from the planar wall of the first post, and a first pin vertically disposed in the first beam plate and the first post plate, and a second post connection attaching the barrier beam to the second post.
Another exemplary vehicle barrier includes a first post and a second post each having a top end, an attack-side wall, an asset-side wall, and a planar wall connecting the attack-side wall and the asset-side wall, a barrier beam extending longitudinally in a same vertical plane as the first post and the second post, the barrier beam separating an attack side from an asset side, and the barrier beam comprising a central web extending connecting an attack-side flange and an asset-side flange, a first post connection attaching the barrier beam to the first post, the first post connection comprising a first beam plate and a first lower beam plate extending from a first end of the barrier beam, a first post plate extending from the planar wall proximate the top end of the first post and positioned between the first beam plate and the first lower beam plate, and a first pin vertically disposed in the first beam plate, the first post plate, and the first lower beam plate, and a second post connection attaching the barrier beam to the second post.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in limiting the scope of claimed subject matter.
The disclosure is best understood from the following detailed description when read with the accompanying figures. It is emphasized that, in accordance with standard practice in the industry, various features are not drawn to scale. In fact, the dimensions of various features may be arbitrarily increased or reduced for clarity of discussion.
It is to be understood that the following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of various illustrative embodiments. Specific examples of components and arrangements are described below to simplify the disclosure. These are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to be limiting. For example, a figure may illustrate an exemplary embodiment with multiple features or combinations of features that are not required in one or more other embodiments and thus a figure may disclose one or more embodiments that have fewer features or a different combination of features than the illustrated embodiment. Embodiments may include some but not all the features illustrated in a figure and some embodiments may combine features illustrated in one figure with features illustrated in another figure. Therefore, combinations of features disclosed in the following detailed description may not be necessary to practice the teachings in the broadest sense and are instead merely to describe particularly representative examples. In addition, the disclosure may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples. This repetition is for the purpose of simplicity and clarity and does not itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and/or configurations discussed.
Embodiments of the disclosed anti-ram vehicle barrier 10 are configured to be crash-rated by certifying agencies such as DOD, DOS, American Standard Test Method (ASTM), British Standards Institution (BSI) and International Standardization Institution (ISO). Vehicle barriers are tested by crashing a motor vehicle from an attack side in a perpendicular direction into the barrier. The vehicle barrier is rated based on the test vehicles weight, the speed of impact, and the penetration of the vehicle (e.g., the cargo bed) beyond the pre-impact inside edge of the barrier. For example, a “K” (SD-STD-02.01) or “M” (ASTM F2656) designates a medium duty vehicle with a gross weight of 15,000 pounds (6810 kg). The speed ratings include K4/M30 for traveling at 28.0 to 37.9 miles per hour (mph); K8/M40 traveling at 38.0 to 46.9 mph, and K12/M50 traveling at 47.0 mph and above. The penetration ratings include P1 for less than or equal to 1 meter (3.3 ft.); P2 for 1.10 to 7 m (3.31 to 23.0 ft.); and P3 for 7.01 to 30 m (23.1 to 98.4 ft.). For example, an M50-P1 crash barrier is designed to stop a medium duty truck traveling 50 mph with a penetration distance of 3.3 feet or less. Some embodiments of the disclosed anti-ram vehicle barrier 10 may be engineered crash-rated but not crash tested. Some embodiments of the disclosed anti-ram vehicle barrier 10 may not be engineered crash-rated or crash tested.
In
Posts, generally denoted by the numeral 22, are connected to beam 12, for example, to support beam 12 above ground level and to provide tension to mitigate lift of beam 12 in response to the impact of the motor vehicle. Posts 22 are metal members and may take various forms including I-beams, round or rectangular (e.g., square) members. Posts 22 may be arranged in a line or crash post configuration, identified specifically with reference number 22a, connected to beam 12 at a joint 18 and between adjacent beam sections. In a post and beam arrangement, braces do not extend from a crash post to the ground in the direction toward asset side 15. Posts 22 may be arranged in an end or corner post configuration, identified specifically with the reference number 22b, connected to continuous beam 12 at a joint 18. Posts 22 may be arranged in an intermediate configuration, identified specifically with reference number 22c (see, e.g.,
Crash posts 22a and end posts 22b provide the structural strength in a post and beam arrangement to resist vehicle penetration to meet standardized test criteria. In some embodiments, crash posts 22a and end posts 22b are in the same vertical plane as beam 12. Intermediate posts 22c are located within the beam span between joints 18 that connect adjacent beam sections 16 or beams sections 16 to crash posts 22a or end posts 22b. Intermediate posts 22c may be connected to the beam, for example, to provide vertical support to beam 12 between relatively long spans between crash posts and to provide tension to the beam relative to the foundation to prevent lift of the beam when impacted by a vehicle. AVB 10 illustrated in
In the embodiment of
In the illustrated example, beam-post connector plate 40 is a unitary (single structure) that extends through a slot 42 in web 34 proximate to the top end 27 of post 22a, and is welded 44 to web 34, positioning pin holes 30a, 30b that are spaced apart along a longitudinal span 46 on opposite sides of web 34, see, e.g.,
In the M50-P1 rated AVB embodiment illustrated in particular in
In an exemplary AVB 10, beam sections 16 (e.g.,
Another difference between exemplary AVB 10 illustrated in
Crash posts 22a provide beam pivotal connection points on opposite sides of crash post 22a (opposite sides of beam web 34). Crash post 22a is secured in the ground and oriented such that web 34 extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of beam 12 with an attack side flange 36 located on attack side 13 of AVB 10 and asset side flange 38 positioned on asset side 15 of AVB 10. In the illustrated examples, beam connector plate 40 is a steel plate (e.g., 1 to 1.5 inches thick) having pin hole 30 in which a pin 32 (see, e.g.,
With reference to
Beam connector plate 40 includes an indentation 64 and a tang 66 located on opposite edges of lateral span 48 and proximate to the mid-point along longitudinal span 46. Indentation 64 and tang 66 serve to position beam connector plate 40 relative to web 34 of crash post 22a. Indentation 64 is sized to dispose the flange-to-web taper 68 (
An exemplary method for creating a vehicle barrier includes installing a longitudinally extending beam positioned vertically above a ground level and separating an asset side from an attack side, the beam comprising beam sections a crash post positioned in a same vertical plane as the beam, wherein adjacent beam sections are pivotally connected to the crash post. The method may also include crash testing the vehicle barrier by ramming a vehicle traveling in a direction from the attack side toward the asset side into the beam.
Conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that some embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and/or states are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include such elements or features.
In the specification, reference may be made to the spatial relationships between various components and to the spatial orientation of various aspects of components as the devices are depicted in the attached drawings. However, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art after a complete reading of the present application, the devices, members, apparatuses, etc. described herein may be positioned in any desired orientation. Thus, the use of terms such as “above,” “below,” “upper,” “lower,” or other like terms to describe a spatial relationship between various components or to describe the spatial orientation of aspects of such components should be understood to describe a relative relationship between the components or a spatial orientation of aspects of such components, respectively, as the device described herein may be oriented in any desired direction. As used herein, the terms “connect,” “connection,” “connected,” “in connection with,” and “connecting” may be used to mean in direct connection with or in connection with via one or more elements. Similarly, the terms “couple,” “coupling,” and “coupled” may be used to mean directly coupled or coupled via one or more elements.
The term “substantially,” “approximately,” and “about” is defined as largely but not necessarily wholly what is specified (and includes what is specified; e.g., substantially 90 degrees includes 90 degrees and substantially parallel includes parallel), as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art. The extent to which the description may vary will depend on how great a change can be instituted and still have a person of ordinary skill in the art recognized the modified feature as still having the required characteristics and capabilities of the unmodified feature. In general, but subject to the preceding, a numerical value herein that is modified by a word of approximation such as “substantially,” “approximately,” and “about” may vary from the stated value, for example, by 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, or 15 percent.
The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the disclosure and that they may make various changes, substitutions, and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. The scope of the invention should be determined only by the language of the claims that follow. The term “comprising” within the claims is intended to mean “including at least” such that the recited listing of elements in a claim are an open group. The terms “a,” “an” and other singular terms are intended to include the plural forms thereof unless specifically excluded.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62607245 | Dec 2017 | US | |
62165163 | May 2015 | US | |
62151370 | Apr 2015 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 17549687 | Dec 2021 | US |
Child | 18217402 | US | |
Parent | 16224544 | Dec 2018 | US |
Child | 17549687 | US | |
Parent | 17516665 | Nov 2021 | US |
Child | 16224544 | US | |
Parent | 16167260 | Oct 2018 | US |
Child | 17516665 | US | |
Parent | 15135400 | Apr 2016 | US |
Child | 16167260 | US |