Patent Grant
8206451
Cross-reference is made to U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 12/165,579 entitled “Orthopaedic Femoral Component Having Controlled Condylar Curvature” by John L. Williams et al., which was filed on Jun. 30, 2008; to U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 12/165,574 entitled “Posterior Cruciate-Retaining Orthopaedic Knee Prosthesis Having Controlled Condylar Curvature” by Christel M. Wagner, which was filed on Jun. 30, 2008; to U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 12/165,575 entitled “Posterior Stabilized Orthopaedic Knee Prosthesis Having Controlled Condylar Curvature” by Joseph G. Wyss, which was filed on Jun. 30, 2008; and to U.S. Utility patent application Ser. No. 12/488,107 entitled “Orthopaedic Knee Prosthesis Having Controlled Condylar Curvature” by Mark A. Heldreth, which was filed on Jun. 19, 2009; the entirety of each of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates generally to orthopaedic prostheses, and particularly to posterior stabilized orthopaedic prostheses for use in knee replacement surgery.
Joint arthroplasty is a well-known surgical procedure by which a diseased and/or damaged natural joint is replaced by a prosthetic joint. A typical knee prosthesis includes a tibial tray, a femoral component, and a polymer insert or bearing positioned between the tibial tray and the femoral component. A knee prosthesis is generally designed to duplicate the natural movement of the patient's joint. However, depending on the severity of the damage to the patient's joint, orthopaedic prostheses of varying mobility may be used. For example, in some patients, the posterior cruciate ligament may be damaged, deficient, or removed during the orthopaedic surgical procedure. In such cases, a posterior stabilized knee orthopaedic prosthesis, which typically restricts or limits the posterior movement of the tibia relative to the femur, may be used.
According to one aspect, a posterior stabilized knee orthopaedic prosthesis includes a tibial bearing and a femoral component. The tibial bearing may be configured to be coupled to a tibial tray and may include a platform and a spine extending upwardly from the platform. The spine may have a posterior side including a superior and an inferior cam surface. The superior cam surface may be embodied as a convex cam surface and the inferior cam surface may be embodied as a concave cam surface. The radius of curvature of the concave cam surface of the spine of the tibial bearing may be substantially equal to or different from the radius of curvature of the convex cam surface of the spine.
In some embodiments, the superior cam surface of the spine of the tibial bearing may be convexly curved in the sagittal plane. Additionally, the inferior cam surface of the spine may be concavely curved in the sagittal plane. Further, in some embodiments, the superior cam surface and the inferior cam surface of the spine may be convexly curved in the transverse plane. In such embodiments, the radius of curvature in the transverse plane of the inferior, concave cam surface of the spine may be substantially equal to or different from the radius of curvature in the transverse plane of the superior, convex cam surface of the spine.
The femoral component of the orthopaedic prosthesis may be configured to articulate with the tibial bearing. The femoral component may include a pair of spaced apart condyles defining an intracondylar notch therebetween and a posterior cam positioned in the intracondylar notch. The posterior cam may include a concave cam surface and a convex cam surface. The tibial bearing and the femoral component are configured such that the concave cam surface of the posterior cam may contact the convex cam surface of the spine during a first range of flexion and the convex cam surface of the posterior cam may contact the concave cam surface of the spine during a second range of flexion. The first range of flexion may be less than the second range of flexion in some embodiments. For example, in one particular embodiment, the first range of flexion is about 50 degrees of flexion to about 80 degrees of flexion and the second range of flexion is about 80 degrees of flexion to about 150 degrees of flexion.
In some embodiments, the spine of the tibial bearing and the posterior cam of the femoral component may each have a substantially “S”-shaped cross-sectional profile. Additionally, in some embodiments, the radius curvature of the convex cam surface of the spine may be greater than the radius of curvature of the concave cam surface of the spine. Further, in such embodiments, the radius of curvature of the concave cam surface of the posterior cam of the femoral component may be substantially greater than the radius of curvature of the convex cam surface of the posterior cam.
According to another aspect, a posterior stabilized knee orthopaedic prosthesis may include a tibial bearing configured to be coupled to a tibial tray and a femoral component configured to be coupled to a surgically-prepared surface of the distal end of a femur. The tibial bearing may include a platform and a spine extending upwardly from the platform. The spine may include a posterior superior cam surface and a posterior inferior cam surface. The posterior superior cam surface may be concave and the posterior inferior cam surface may be convex.
In some embodiments, the radius of curvature of the superior cam surface of the spine of the tibial bearing may be substantially equal to the radius of curvature of the inferior cam surface of the spine. The superior cam surface may be concavely curved in the sagittal plane. Similarly, the inferior cam surface may be convexly curved in the sagittal plane. Additionally, in some embodiments, the superior cam surface of the spine of the tibial bearing may be convexly curved in the sagittal plane and the inferior cam surface of the spine may be concavely curved in the sagittal plane. The posterior inferior cam surface and the posterior superior cam surface of the spine may also be convexly curved in the transverse plane. In such embodiments, the radius of curvature in the transverse plane of the inferior cam surface of the spine may be substantially equal to or different from the radius of curvature in the transverse plane of the convex cam surface of the spine.
The femoral component may include a posterior cam configured to articulate with the spine of the tibial bearing. The posterior cam may include a concave cam surface and a convex cam surface. In some embodiments, the spine of the tibial bearing and the posterior cam of the femoral component may each have a substantially “S”-shaped cross-sectional profile. Additionally, in some embodiments, the radius curvature of the posterior convex cam surface of the spine may be substantially greater than the radius of curvature of the posterior concave cam surface of the spine and the radius of curvature of the convex cam surface of the posterior cam of the femoral component is substantially greater than the radius of curvature of the concave cam surface of the posterior cam. The tibial bearing and the femoral component are configured such that the concave cam surface of the posterior cam articulates on the posterior convex cam surface of the spine during a first range of flexion and the convex cam surface of the posterior cam articulates on the posterior concave cam surface of the spine during a second range of flexion greater than the first range of flexion.
According to a further aspect, a posterior stabilized knee orthopaedic prosthesis may include a tibial bearing configured to be coupled to a tibial tray and a femoral component configured to be coupled to a surgically-prepared surface of the distal end of a femur. The tibial bearing may include a platform including a medial bearing surface and a lateral bearing surface. The tibial bearing may also include a spine extending upwardly from the platform between the medial bearing surface and the lateral bearing surface. The spine may include a concave cam surface and a convex cam surface.
The femoral component may include a lateral condyle configured to articulate with the lateral bearing surface of the tibial bearing, a medial condyle configured to articulate with the medial bearing surface, and a posterior cam positioned in an intracondylar notch defined between the lateral condyle and the medial condyle. The posterior cam may include a concave cam surface and a convex cam surface. The concave cam surface of the posterior cam may initially contact the convex cam surface of the spine at a first degree of flexion and the convex cam surface of the posterior cam may initially contact the concave cam surface of the spine at a second degree of flexion greater than the first degree of flexion.
The detailed description particularly refers to the following figures, in which:
While the concepts of the present disclosure are susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific exemplary embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that there is no intent to limit the concepts of the present disclosure to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Terms representing anatomical references, such as anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, superior, inferior, etcetera, may be used throughout this disclosure in reference to both the orthopaedic implants described herein and a patient's natural anatomy. Such terms have well-understood meanings in both the study of anatomy and the field of orthopedics. Use of such anatomical reference terms in the specification and claims is intended to be consistent with their well-understood meanings unless noted otherwise.
Referring now to
As discussed in more detail below, the femoral component 14 is configured to articulate with the tibial bearing 12, which is configured to be coupled with the tibial tray 15. The illustrative tibial bearing 12 is embodied as a rotating or mobile tibial bearing and is configured to rotate relative to the tibial tray 15 during use. However, in other embodiments, the tibial bearing 12 may be embodied as a fixed tibial bearing, which may be limited or restricted from rotating relative the tibial tray 15.
The tibial tray 15 is configured to be secured to a surgically-prepared proximal end of a patient's tibia (not shown). The tibial tray 15 may be secured to the patient's tibia via use of bone adhesive or other attachment means. The tibial tray 15 includes a platform 80 having an top surface 82 and a bottom surface 84. Illustratively, the top surface 82 is generally planar and, in some embodiments, may be highly polished. The tibial tray 15 also includes a stem 86 extending downwardly from the bottom surface 84 of the platform 80. A cavity or bore 88 is defined in the top surface 82 of the platform 80 and extends downwardly into the stem 86. The bore 88 is formed to receive a complimentary stem of the tibial insert 12 as discussed in more detail below.
As discussed above, the tibial bearing 12 is configured to be coupled with the tibial tray 15. The tibial bearing 12 includes a platform 16 having an upper bearing surface 18 and a bottom surface 20. In the illustrative embodiment wherein the tibial bearing 12 is embodied as a rotating or mobile tibial bearing, the bearing 12 includes a stem 22 extending downwardly from the bottom surface 20 of the platform 16. When the tibial bearing 12 is coupled to the tibial tray 15, the stem 22 is received in the bore 88 of the tibial tray 15. In use, the tibial bearing 12 is configured to rotate about an axis defined by the stem 22 relative to the tibial tray 15. In embodiments wherein the tibial bearing 15 is embodied as a fixed tibial bearing, the bearing 12 may or may not include the stem 22 and/or may include other devices or features to secure the tibial bearing 12 to the tibial tray 15 in a non-rotating configuration.
The upper bearing surface 18 of the tibial bearing 12 includes a medial bearing surface 24, a lateral bearing surface 26, and a spine 30 extending upwardly from the platform 16. The medial and lateral bearing surfaces 24, 26 are configured to receive or otherwise contact corresponding medial and lateral condyles 44, 46 of the femoral component 14 as discussed in more detail below. As such, the bearing surfaces 24, 26 may have concave contours in some embodiments. The spine 30 is positioned between the bearing surfaces 24, 26 and includes an anterior side 32 and a posterior side 34.
The femoral component 14 is configured to be coupled to a surgically-prepared surface of the distal end of a patient's femur (not shown). The femoral component 14 may be secured to the patient's femur via use of bone adhesive or other attachment means. The femoral component 14 includes an articulating surface 40 having a pair of spaced apart medial and lateral condyles 44, 46. In use, the condyles 44, 46 replace the natural condyles of the patient's femur and are configured to articulate on the corresponding bearing surfaces 24, 26 of the platform 16 of the tibial bearing 12.
The condyles 44, 46 are spaced apart to define an intracondyle notch or recess 42 therebetween. A posterior cam 50 and an anterior cam 52 (see
Referring now to
In some embodiments, the curvature of the cam surfaces 56, 58 may be defined by a single radius of curvature. The particular radius of curvature of the cam surfaces 56, 58 (i.e., the “size” of the cam surfaces) may be dependent upon a number of criteria such as the size of the implant, the shape or geometry of the articulating surface of the spine 30 of the tibial implant 12, and/or the like. In other embodiments, however, the concave cam surface 56 and the convex cam surface 58 of the femoral component 14 may be formed from multiple radii of curvature. For example, in the embodiment illustrated in
Referring now to
In some embodiments, the curvature of the cam surfaces 62, 64 may be defined by a single radius of curvature. The particular radius of curvature of the cam surfaces 62, 64 (i.e., the “size” of the cam surfaces) may be dependent upon a number of criteria such as the size of the implant, the shape or geometry of the articulating surface of the posterior cam 50 of the femoral component 14, and/or the like. In other embodiments, however, the convex cam surface 62 and the concave cam surface 64 of the tibial bearing 12 may be formed from multiple radii of curvature. For example, in the embodiment illustrated in
Referring now to
As shown in
During early flexion of the orthopaedic prosthesis 10, contact between the concave cam surface 56 and the convex cam surface 62 is maintained. For example, in one embodiment as shown in
During late flexion of the orthopaedic prosthesis 10, the convex cam surface 58 maintains contact with the concave cam surface 64. For example,
It should be appreciated that contact between the posterior cam 50 and the spine 30 is maintained throughout the range of early and late flexion. The particular range of early flexion (i.e., the range at which the concave cam surface 56 of the posterior cam 50 contacts the convex cam surface 62 of the spine 30) and late flexion (i.e., the range at which the convex cam surface 58 of the posterior cam 50 contacts the concave cam surface 64 of the spine 30) of the orthopaedic prosthesis 10 may be dependent upon one or more criteria such as the size of the orthopaedic prosthesis 10, the shape or geometry of the articulating cam surfaces of the tibial bearing 12 and the femoral component 14, or the like. In the illustrative embodiment, the orthopaedic prosthesis 10 is configured to have an early flexion range of about 50 degrees to about 80 degrees and a late flexion range of about 80 degrees to about 150 degrees, but other ranges of flexion may be used in other embodiments. The range of early and late flexion of the orthopaedic prosthesis 10 is determined, in part, based on the radius of curvature of the cam surface 56, 58, 62, 64. As such, the range of early and late flexion of the orthopaedic prostheses 10 may be configured by adjusting the radius of curvature of the cam surfaces 56, 58, 62, 64.
It should also be appreciated that because the cam surface 54 of the posterior cam 50 includes the concave cam surface 56 and the convex cam surface 58 and the cam surface 34 of the spine 30 includes the convex cam surface 62 and the concave cam surface 64, the contact surface area between the posterior cam 50 and the spine 30 is increased through the flexion range relative to orthopaedic prostheses wherein the posterior cam and/or the spine include planar cam surfaces or cam surfaces having only a concave or convex surface. For example, the contact area between the posterior cam 50 and the spine 30 is increased in early flexion due to the interface between the concave cam surface 56 of the posterior cam 50 and the convex cam surface 62 of the spine 30. Additionally, in late flexion, the contact area between the posterior cam 50 and the spine 30 is increased in later degrees of flexion due to the interface between the convex cam surface 58 of the posterior cam 50 and the concave cam surface 64 of the spine 30. Because the contact between the posterior cam 50 and the spine 30 is spread across a greater contact area, the anterior wear of the spine 30 may also be decreased.
Referring now to
In embodiments wherein the cam surfaces 62, 64 of the spine 30 are curved in the transverse plane, the posterior cam 50 of the femoral component 12 articulates on the cam surfaces 62, 64 in the transverse plane such that the femoral component 14 rotates an amount about the spine 30. For example, as illustrated in
Referring now to
As discussed above, the range of late flexion of the illustrative orthopaedic prosthesis 10 is greater than the range of early flexion. However, in other embodiments, the orthopaedic prosthesis 10 may have a range of early flexion that is greater than the range of late flexion. That is, because the range of early and late flexion of the orthopaedic prosthesis is determined, in part, based on the radius of curvature of the cam surface 56, 58, 62, 64, the range of early and late flexion may be adjusted by changing the radius of curvature of the cam surfaces 56, 58, 62, 64 (i.e., the “size” of the cam surfaces). For example, as illustrated in
In such embodiments, as illustrated in
Similar to the cam surface 100 of the posterior cam 50 of the femoral component 14, the cam surface 102 of the spine 30 includes a convex cam surface 108 and a concave cam surface 110. In the illustrative embodiment, the convex cam surface 108 is positioned superiorly relative to the concave cam surface 110. The convex cam surface 108 has a radius of curvature substantially larger than the radius of curvature of the concave cam surface 110. Again, the particular radius of curvature of the cam surfaces 108, 110 (i.e., the “size” of the cam surfaces) may be dependent upon a number of criteria such as the size of the implant, the patient's anatomy, and/or the like. In one particular embodiment, the convex cam surface 108 has a radius of curvature of about 10.3 millimeters and the concave cam surface 110 has a radius curvature of about 1.00 millimeters.
Because radius of curvature of the cam surfaces 104, 108 are greater than the radius of curvature of the cam surfaces 106, 110, the range of early flexion of the embodiment of the orthopaedic prosthesis 10 illustrated in
Again, it should be appreciated that contact between posterior cam 50 and the spine 30 is maintained throughout the range of early and late flexion. The particular range of early flexion (i.e., the range at which the concave cam surface 104 of the posterior cam 50 contacts the convex cam surface 108 of the spine 30) and late flexion (i.e., the range at which the convex cam surface 106 of the posterior cam 50 contacts the concave cam surface 110 of the spine 30) of the orthopaedic prosthesis 10 may be dependent upon one or more criteria such as the size of the orthopaedic prosthesis 10, the patient's anatomy, or the like. In the illustrative embodiment of
It should also be appreciated that because the cam surface 100 of the posterior cam 50 includes the concave cam surface 104 and the convex cam surface 106 and the cam surface 102 of the spine 30 includes the convex cam surface 108 and the concave cam surface 110, the contact surface area between the posterior cam 50 and the spine 30 is increased relative to orthopaedic prostheses wherein the posterior cam and/or the spine include planar cam surfaces or cam surfaces having only a concave or convex surface. In particular, because the concave cam surface 104 of the posterior cam 50 and the convex cam surface 108 of the spine 30 each have large radius of curvatures, the contact area between the posterior cam 50 an the spine 30 is increased during early flexion. Additionally, as discussed above, because the contact between the posterior cam 50 and the spine 30 is spread across a greater contact area, the anterior wear of the spine 30 may also be decreased.
While the disclosure has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such an illustration and description is to be considered as exemplary and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only illustrative embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the disclosure are desired to be protected.
There are a plurality of advantages of the present disclosure arising from the various features of the devices and assemblies described herein. It will be noted that alternative embodiments of the devices and assemblies of the present disclosure may not include all of the features described yet still benefit from at least some of the advantages of such features. Those of ordinary skill in the art may readily devise their own implementations of the devices and assemblies that incorporate one or more of the features of the present invention and fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
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| 20090326666 A1 | Dec 2009 | US |
