Patent Application
20220257517
The invention is in the field of pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, especially in the field of compressed dosage forms.
Davood Hazanzadeh et al., “Thermal Treating of Acrylic Matrices as a Tool for Controlling Drug Release”, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 57(12) 1356-1362 (2009) highlights the requirement of thermal treatment for acrylic matrices, where thermal treatment leads to a more modified release profile compared to that of untreated one. Polymer chain movement and redistribution of the polymer in the tablet matrix structure after thermal treatment is the possible mechanism of drug release prolongation. The melting and resolidification of the polymer, due to the thermal treatment has apparently resulted in a redistribution of the polymer throughout the matrix and also in a change in the porosity of the tablet.
WO2012/171575A1 describes a coating composition suitable for pharmaceutical applications. The coating composition comprises core-shell polymers derived from a two-stage emulsion polymerization processes. EUDRAGIT® FL 30 D-55 (Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany), is a commercially available 30% by weight aqueous dispersion of a copolymer from a two-stage emulsion polymerization process, with a core of about 75% by weight, comprising polymerized units of about 70% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 30% by weight of methyl methacrylate, and a shell of about 25% by weight, comprising polymerized units of 50% by weight ethyl acrylate and 50% by weight methacrylic acid.
Direct Compression is a simple form of oral dosage production as it contains only few process stages, leading to a shorter process cycle and faster production times. Directly compressible materials for modified release, which are available commercially, are either from natural or synthetic sources or from combinations thereof. Both these directly compressible excipient classes have drawbacks. Cellulose for example as obtained from natural source has an issue of batch to batch quality variation. On the other hand, the major drawback with acrylates (one of the most widely used polymer classes) is requirement of curing, usually 24 to 48 hours at elevated temperature, to get the desired stable release profile. Problems with the storage stability of acrylate-based sustained release (SR) matrices are also reported. Thus, there is a need to formulate a directly compressible SR system which overcomes the drawbacks as discussed.
The invention is concerned with a powder composition, comprising 50 to 95% by weight of a copolymer mixture A of a copolymer 1, comprising 5 to 60% by weight of polymerized units of methacylic acid and 95 to 40% by weight of C1- to C4-alkylesters of (meth)acrylic acid, and a copolymer 2, comprising more than 95 and up to 100% by weight of polymerized units of C1- to C4-alkylesters of (meth)acrylic acid, and 50 to 5% by weight of a water-soluble cellulose B. The powder composition may be processed to compressed dosage form with a stable active ingredient release profile without the need of a curing step. The powder composition originates from the co-processing of the copolymer mixture A and the water-soluble cellulose B by a drying process of an aqueous dispersion, such as spray drying or freeze drying. Further processing leads to a compressed dosage form.
The invention is concerned with a powder composition, comprising 50 to 95% by weight of a copolymer mixture A of a copolymer 1, comprising 5 to 60% by weight of polymerized units of methacylic acid and 95 to 40% by weight of C1 to C4-alkylesters of (meth)acrylic acid, and a copolymer 2, comprising more than 95 and up to 100% by weight of polymerized units of C1- to C4-alkylesters of (meth)acrylic acid, and 50 to 5% by weight of a water-soluble cellulose B. The powder composition may comprise 50 to 100 preferably 80 to 100% by weight of the copolymer mixture A and the water-soluble cellulose B. Optionally, pharmaceutical or nutraceutical excipients may be present in an amount of 0 to 50, preferably 0 to 20% by weight.
The average particle size d50 of the powder composition may be in the range of 1 to 2,000, preferably in the range of 1 to 1,000, most preferably in the range of 10 to 600 μm. The average diameter may be determined by sieving or by laser diffraction according to the United States Pharmacopeia 36 (USP) chapter <429> and European Pharmacopeia 7.0 (EP) chapter 2.9.31.
The laser diffraction method is based on the phenomenon that particles scatter light in all directions with an intensity pattern that is dependent on particle size. A representative sample, dispersed at an adequate concentration in a suitable liquid or gas, is passed through the beam of a monochromic light source, usually from a laser. The light scattered by the particles at various angles is measured by a multi-element detector, and numerical values relating to the scattering pattern are then recorded for subsequent analysis. The numerical scattering values are then transformed, using an appropriate optical model and mathematical procedure, to yield the proportion of total volume to a discrete number of size classes forming a volumetric particle size distribution (d50 describes a particle diameter corresponding to 50% of cumulative undersize distribution).
The copolymer mixture A is a mixture of a copolymer 1 and a copolymer 2.
The copolymer mixture A may comprise copolymer 1 and copolymer 2 as a mixture of separate copolymers 1 and 2 or as a mixture in the form of a core-shell copolymer.
The copolymer mixture A may comprise copolymer 1 and copolymer 2 as a mixture of separate copolymers 1 and 2.
Copolymer 1 comprises 5 to 60% by weight polymerized units of methacylic acid and 95 to 40% by weight of C1 to C4-alkylesters of (meth)acrylic acid.
Suitable (meth)acrylate copolymers 1 may be polymerized from 40 to 60% by weight of methacrylic acid and 60 to 40% by weight of methyl methacrylate or 60 to 40% by weight of ethyl acrylate. EUDRAGIT® L 100 is a copolymer polymerized from 50% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 50% by weight of methacrylic acid. EUDRAGIT® L 100-55 is a copolymer polymerized from 50% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 50% by weight of methacrylic acid. EUDRAGIT® L 30 D-55 is an aqueous dispersion comprising 30% by weight EUDRAGIT® L 100-55.
Suitable (meth)acrylate copolymers 1 may be polymerized from 20 to 40% by weight of methacrylic acid and 80 to 60% by weight of methyl methacrylate. EUDRAGIT® S 100 is a copolymer polymerized from 70% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 30% by weight of methacrylic acid.
Suitable (meth)acrylate copolymers 1 may be polymerized from 10 to 30% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 50 to 70% by weight of methyl acrylate and 5 to 15% by weight of methacrylic acid. EUDRAGIT® FS is a copolymer polymerized from 25% by weight of methyl methacrylate, 65% by weight of methyl acrylate and 10% by weight of methacrylic acid. EUDRAGIT® FS 30 D is an aqueous dispersion comprising 30% by weight EUDRAGIT® FS.
Copolymer 2 comprises more than 95 and up to 100% by weight of polymerized units of C1- to C4-alkylesters of (meth)acrylic acid.
The copolymer 2 may be a (meth)acrylate copolymer comprising polymerized units of 60 to 80% of ethyl acrylate and 40 to 20% by weight of methyl methacrylate. EUDRAGIT® NE and EUDRAGIT® NM are copolymers comprising polymerized units of 28 to 32% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 68 to 72% by weight of ethyl acrylate. Preference is given to (meth)acrylate copolymers which, according to WO 01/68767, have been prepared as dispersions using 1 to 10% by weight of a non-ionic emulsifier having an HLB value of 15.2 to 17.3. The latter offer the advantage that there is no phase separation with formation of crystal structures by the emulsifier (EUDRAGIT® NM type).
The copolymer mixture A may comprise copolymer 1 and copolymer 2 as a mixture in the form of a core-shell copolymer. Suitable core-shell copolymers are known for instance from WO2012/171575A1.
The copolymer mixture A may comprise a mixture of (meth)acrylate copolymers in the form of a core-shell polymer from two (meth)acrylate copolymer(s) corresponding to copolymer 1 and copolymer 2 respectively. The copolymer mixture A may be a core-shell polymer, comprising 50 to 90, preferably 70 to 80% by weight of a core, comprising polymerized units of 60 to 80, preferably 65 to 75% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 40 to 20, preferably 35 to 25% by weight of methyl methacrylate, and 50 to 10, preferably 30 to 20% by weight of a shell, comprising polymerized units of 40 to 60, preferably 45 to 55% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 60 to 40, preferably 55 to 45% by weight of methacrylic acid. Thus, in this case, the core corresponds to a copolymer 2 and the shell to a copolymer 1.
A suitable core-shell polymer is EUDRAGIT® FL 30 D-55 (Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany), which is a commercially available 30% by weight aqueous dispersion of a copolymer from a two-stage emulsion polymerization process, with a core of about 75% by weight, comprising polymerized units of about 70% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 30% by weight of methyl methacrylate, and a shell of about 25% by weight, comprising polymerized units of 50% by weight ethyl acrylate and 50% by weight methacrylic acid.
A water-soluble cellulose is a cellulose which is soluble in water at a concentration of 1% by weight at a temperature of 25° C.
The water-soluble cellulose B is preferably methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and/or, most preferred hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose. The viscosity of the water-soluble cellulose may be in the range from about 1 to 5,000 mPa·s, when measured as 1% aqueous solution or colloidal dispersion (weight/weight) at 25° C.
Disclosed is a process for preparing a compressed dosage form, preferably a tablet, comprising the pharmaceutical or nutraceutical composition comprising the steps i) to iv): i) providing an aqueous dispersion of the copolymer mixture A and the water-soluble cellulose B, ii) drying, preferably spray drying or freeze drying, of the aqueous dispersion to gain a powder, iii) mixing the powder with one or more biologically active ingredient(s) and one or more pharmaceutical or nutraceutical excipient(s) to obtain a mixture for compression, iv) compressing the mixture for compression into a form to obtain the compressed dosage form.
In step i) an aqueous dispersion of the copolymer mixture A and the water-soluble cellulose B is provided.
In step ii) the aqueous dispersion from step i) is dried to gain a powder composition as claimed.
Preferred is spray drying or freeze drying.
Spray drying may be performed at an inlet temperature of 30 to 60, preferably 35 to 55° C.
Freeze drying is performed with a drying circle step for 4 to 16 hours at 350 to 450 mTorr, starting from −40 to −25° C. and increasing stepwise or continuously to a final temperature of 15 to 30° C.
The average particle size d50 of the powder may be in the range of 1 to 2,000, preferably in the range of 1 to 1,000, most preferably in the range of 10 to 600 μm. The average diameter may be determined by sieving or by laser diffraction according to the United States Pharmacopeia 36 (USP) chapter <429> and European Pharmacopeia 7.0 (EP) chapter 2.9.31.
Step iii)
In step iii) the powder from step ii) is mixed with one or more biologically active ingredient(s) and one or more pharmaceutical or nutraceutical excipient(s) to obtain a mixture for compression.
In step iv) the mixture for compression from step iii) is compressed in a form to obtain a compressed dosage form, preferably a compressed tablet.
The weight of the compressed tablet may be from 2 to 2,000 mg, preferably 30 to 1,200 mg and most preferably from 100 to 800 mg.
The forces applied in the compression process may be in the range of 1 to 20 kN, preferably 2 to 10 kN. The resulting tablet hardness may be in the range of 10 to 250, preferably 50 to 150 N. Methods and equipment for determining the hardness of a tablet are well known to a skilled person in the field of pharmacy, galenic or nutraceutical technology.
The compressed dosage form as disclosed, preferably a tablet, is comprising one or more pharmaceutically or nutraceutically active ingredient(s) and a powder composition and one or more pharmaceutical or nutraceutical excipient(s).
Preferably, the compressed dosage form may comprise 1 to 50% by weight of the one or more biologically active ingredient(s), 10 to 70% by weight of the powder composition and 10 to 89% by weight of the one or more pharmaceutical or nutraceutical excipient(s). The one or more biologically active ingredient(s), the powder composition and the one or more pharmaceutical or nutraceutical excipient(s) may add up to 100%.
The compressed dosage form as disclosed may be characterized in that compressed dosage forms of the same size, form and composition are showing, with and without curing at 40° C. for 24 hours, a similarity factor f2 of 50 or more of their compared active ingredient release profiles from a drug dissolution test at pH 6.8.
The compressed dosage form as disclosed may be characterized in that compressed dosage forms of same size, form and composition are showing, with and without storing in HDPE containers at 40° C. and 75% relative humidity for one month, a similarity factor f2 of 50 or more of the compared active ingredient release profiles from a drug dissolution test at pH 6.8.
The compressed dosage form as disclosed may show an active ingredient release of 60% or more within 24 hours in a dissolution test at pH 6.8 according to USP (for instance USP 31).
The f2-value is known to the skilled person from the requirements for bioequivalence studies as defined by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States of America. These values are, for example, available in documents like “Guidance for Industry; Waiver of In Vivo Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Studies for Immediate-Release Solid Oral Dosage Forms Based on Biopharmaceutics Classification System” (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), August 2000) or from other versions of this document, or from other documents or guidelines from the FDA or CDER concerning bioavailability and bioequivalence Studies. All these documents are available in the Internet and well known to the skilled person in the field of pharmacy and galenics. In the above-mentioned document from August 2000 the calculation of the similarity factor (f2) is defined on p. 7:
When comparing the test and reference products, dissolution profiles should be compared using a similarity factor (f2). The similarity factor is a logarithmic reciprocal square root transformation of the sum of squared error and is a measurement of the similarity in the percent (%) of dissolution between the two curves.
f2=50·log{[1+(1/n)Σt=1n(Rt−Tt)2]−0.5·100}
Two dissolution profiles are considered similar when the f2 value is ≥50.
The biologically active ingredient is preferably a pharmaceutically active ingredient and/or a nutraceutically active ingredient.
The one or more biologically active ingredient(s) may be selected from the groups of analgesics, antibiotics or anti-infectives, antibodies, antiepileptics, antigens from plants, antirheumatics, benzimidazole derivatives, beta-blocker, cardiovascular drugs, chemotherapeutics, CNS drugs, digitalis glycosides, gastrointestinal drugs, e.g. proton pump inhibitors, enzymes, hormones, liquid or solid natural extracts, oligonucleotides, peptide hormones proteins, therapeutic bacteria, peptides, proteins and their (metal)salts, i.e. aspartates, chlorides, orthates, urology drugs and vaccines. Further examples of biologically active ingredient that may be are for instance acamprosat, aescin, amylase, acetylsalicylic acid, adrenalin, 5-amino salicylic acid, aureomycin, bacitracin, balsalazine, beta carotene, bicalutamid, bisacodyl, bromelain, bromelain, budesonide, calcitonin, carbamacipine, carboplatin, cephalosporins, cetrorelix, clarithromycin, chloromycetin, cimetidine, cisapride, cladribine, clorazepate, cromalyn, 1-deaminocysteine-8-D-arginine-vasopressin, deramciclane, detirelix, dexiansoprazole, diclofenac, didanosine, digitoxin and other digitalis glycosides, dihydrostreptomycin, dimethicone, divalproex, drospirenone, duloxetine, enzymes, erythromycin, esomeprazole, estrogens, etoposide, famotidine, fluorides, garlic oil, glucagon, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), heparin, hydrocortisone, human growth hormon (hGH), ibuprofen, ilaprazole, insulin, Interferon, Interleukin, Intron A, ketoprofen, lansoprazole, leuprolidacetat lipase, lipoic acid, lithium, kinin, memantine, mesalazine, methenamine, milameline, minerals, minoprazole, naproxen, natamycin, nitrofurantion, novobiocin, olsalazine, omeprazole, orothates, pancreatin, pantoprazole, parathyroidhormone, paroxetine, penicillin, perprazol, pindolol, polymyxin, potassium, pravastatin, prednisone, preglumetacin progabide, pro-somatostatin, protease, quinapril, rabeprazole, ranitidine, ranolazine, reboxetine, rutosid, somatostatin streptomycin, subtilin, sulfasalazine, sulphanilamide, tamsulosin, tenatoprazole, trypsin, valproic acid, vasopressin, vitamins, zinc, including salts, derivatives, polymorphs, isomorphs, or any kinds of mixtures or combinations thereof.
It is evident to a skilled person that there is a broad overlap between the terms pharmaceutically and nutraceutically active ingredients, excipients and compositions respectively a pharmaceutical or a nutraceutical dosage form. Many substances listed as nutraceuticals may also be used as pharmaceutically active ingredients. Depending on the specific application and local authority legislation and classification, the same substance may be listed as a pharmaceutically or a nutraceutically active ingredient respectively a pharmaceutical or a nutraceutical composition or even both.
Nutraceuticals are well known to the skilled person. Nutraceuticals are often defined as extracts of foods claimed to have medical effects on human health. Thus, nutraceutically active ingredients may display pharmaceutical activities as well: Examples for nutraceutically active ingredients may be resveratrol from grape products as an antioxidant, soluble dietary fiber products, such as psyllium seed husk for reducing hypercholesterolemia, broccoli (sulphane) as a cancer preventive and soy or clover (isoflavonoids) to improve arterial health. Thus, it is clear that many substances listed as nutraceuticals may also be used as pharmaceutically active ingredients.
Typical nutraceuticals or nutraceutically active ingredients may include probiotics and prebiotics. Probiotics are living microorganisms believed to support human or animal health when consumed. Prebiotics are nutraceuticals or nutraceutically active ingredients that induce or promote the growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms in the human or animal intestine.
Examples for nutraceuticals are resveratrol from grape products, omega-3-fatty acids or pro-anthocyanines e.g. from bilberries, blueberries or black currants as antioxidants, soluble dietary fiber products, such as psyllium seed husk for reducing hypercholesterolemia, broccoli (sulphane) as a cancer preservative, and soy or clover (isoflavonoids) to improve arterial health. Other nutraceuticals examples are flavonoids, antioxidants, alpha-linoleic acid from flax seed, beta-carotene from marigold petals or antocyanins from various sources. Sometimes the expression neutraceuticals or nutriceuticals are used as synonyms for nutraceuticals. A preferred biologically active ingredient is for instance metoprolol.
Pharmaceutical or nutraceutical excipients may be selected from the groups of antioxidants, brighteners, binding agents, cushioning agents, flavoring agents, flow aids, glidants, penetration-promoting agents, pigments, plasticizers, excipient polymers (different from the polymer mixture A or from the water-soluble cellulose B, for instance polymers such as microcrystalline cellulose or PVP), pore-forming agents and stabilizers or any combinations thereof.
Preferably, the pharmaceutical or nutraceutical excipients may comprise microcystalline cellulose, glycerol monostearate, lactose, silica, Mg-stearate, croscarmellose sodium and/or sodium stearyl fumarate.
EUDRAGIT® NM 30 D is a commercially available 30% by weight aqueous dispersion of a copolymer comprising polymerized units of about 70% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 30% by weight of methyl methacrylate.
EUDRAGIT® L 100-55 is a commercially available copolymer comprising polymerized units of 50% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 50% by weight of methacrylic acid.
EUDRAGIT® L 30 D-55 is a commercially available 30% by weight aqueous dispersion of a copolymer comprising polymerized units of 50% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 50% by weight of methacrylic acid.
EUDRAGIT® FL 30 D-55 (Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) is a commercially available 30% by weight aqueous dispersion of a copolymer from a two-stage emulsion polymerization process, with a core of about 75% by weight, comprising polymerized units of about 70% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 30% by weight of methyl methacrylate, and a shell of about 25% by weight, comprising polymerized units of 50% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 50% by weight of methacrylic acid.
EUDRAGIT® S 100 is a commercially available copolymer comprising polymerized units of 70% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 30% by weight of methacrylic acid.
EUDRAGIT® RL 30 D-55 is a commercially available 30% by weight aqueous dispersion of a copolymer comprising polymerized units of about 30% by weight of ethyl acrylate, 60% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 10% trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate. EUDRAGIT® RL PO is a copolymer in powder form comprising polymerized units of about 30% by weight of ethyl acrylate, 60% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 10% by weight of trimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate.
EUDRAGIT® E PO is a copolymer in powder form comprising polymerized units of about 25% by weight of butyl methacrylate, 25% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 50% by weight of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
Water-soluble celluloses as used are hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-LM) and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M and 6CPS). Ethyl cellulose (EC) is a water-insoluble cellulose. PVP is polyvinyl pyrrolidone, PVA is polyvinyl alcohol.
Process Parameters for Spray Drying:
Process Parameters for Tablet Compression:
Process Parameters for Spray Drying:
Process Parameters for Tablet Compression:
Process Parameters for Spray Drying:
Process Parameters for Tablet Compression:
Process Parameters for Freeze Drying:
Process Parameters for Tablet Compression:
Process Parameters for Spray Drying:
Process Parameters for Tablet Compression:
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201941023489 | Jun 2019 | IN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/065806 | 6/8/2020 | WO |
