The present invention relates to a power conversion apparatus that includes a power module provided with a built-in inverter circuit, as well as an electric vehicle that employs the power conversion apparatus.
Each of well-known conventional power conversion apparatuses employs a structure that includes two power modules, on each of which are disposed control boards used for a capacitor module, as well as for those two power modules in layers (e.g. refer to JP-A No. 2008-29117).
In any of those conventional power conversion apparatuses, the capacitor, the bus bar, and the power module control board mounted above the power module respectively are all heat generators, so that the apparatus is required to be structured so as to cool down those components. In order to meet such a requirement, the apparatus provides a cooling board in each hierarchical layer to transmit the heat generated by each of those components to the apparatus casing. And this has caused the apparatus to expand in height of the space above the power module and its assembling work to be complicated, resulting in rising of the dimensional sizes and manufacturing cost of the apparatus.
Under such circumstances, the power conversion apparatus of the present invention includes a metal casing having a side wall, as well as an upper cover and a lower cover; a cooling jacket having a cooling water path and being provided at the inner periphery of the side wall to form a first area between the lower cover and itself; a metal plate fastened to the side wall and used to divide the area between the cooling jacket and the upper cover into a lower side second area and an upper side third area; a first power module and a second power module, each of which is fastened to a second area side surface of the cooling jacket and having a built-in inverter circuit; a capacitor unit provided in the first area and having a plurality of capacitors; a first substrate provided in the second area and having first and second driving circuits used to drive the inverter circuits of the first and second power modules respectively; and a second substrate provided in the third area and having a control circuit used to control the first and second driving circuits.
According to the present invention, therefore, the power conversion apparatus can reduce the inductance of the wiring for the connection between the capacitor module and each power module while cooling down the power modules, the capacitor module, and the wiring board.
Hereunder, there will be described the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail with respect to a power conversion apparatus with reference to the accompanying drawings. The power conversion apparatus can apply to any of hybrid vehicles and completely electric-power-driven vehicles. Here, it is premised that the power conversion apparatus is typically applied to a hybrid vehicle and a control system configuration and a circuit configuration of the apparatus will be described with reference to
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the power conversion apparatus is employed typically for an on-vehicle motor system, particularly a vehicle driving inverter device usable under very severe ambient and environmental driving conditions. The vehicle driving inverter device is provided for a vehicle driving motor system assumed as a controller that controls the driving of the motor used for driving the subject vehicle. The inverter device converts a DC power supplied from an on-vehicle battery or from a on-board power generator employed as an on-vehicle power supply to a predetermined AC power and supplies the AC power to the vehicle driving motor and controls the driving of the vehicle driving motor. And because the vehicle driving motor also has power generation functions, the inverter device also functions to convert an AC power generated in the vehicle driving motor to a DC power according to the subject driving mode. The converted DC power is supplied to the on-vehicle battery.
The configuration of the power conversion apparatus to be described below is preferred to such vehicles as ordinary passenger cars, trucks, etc. However, the configuration can also apply to other power conversion apparatuses, for example, for power conversion apparatuses of trains, ships, aircrafts, etc., as well as for industrial power, conversion apparatuses used as controllers of motors for driving factory facilities and for home power conversion apparatuses used as controllers of motors for driving home solar power generator systems and home electrical appliances.
Wheel shafts 114 are suitably journaled at the front side of the vehicle body. At both ends of the front wheel shafts 114 is provided a pair of front wheels 112. At the rear of the vehicle body are suitably journaled a rear wheel shaft (not shown). And at both ends of the rear wheel shaft is provided a pair of rear wheels. In case of the HEV in this embodiment, the motor-driven front wheels 112 are assumed as main wheels and the rear wheels are assumed as driven wheels. This system employed for the subject vehicle is a so-called front-wheel driving system. However, the reversal system, that is, the front-wheel driving system may also be employed for the subject vehicle.
In the center of the front wheel shaft 114 assembly is provided a front wheel side differential gear (hereunder, to be described as the front wheel side DEF) 116. The front wheel shafts 114 are connected mechanically to the output side of the front wheel side DEF 116. The output shaft of a speed reduction gear 118 is connected mechanically to the input side of the front wheel side DEF 116. The front wheel side DEF 116 is a differential power distribution mechanism that distributes the rotation power changed and transmitted by the speed reduction gear 118 to the right and left front wheel shafts 114. The input side of the speed reduction gear 118 is connected mechanically to the output side of the motor generator 192. The input side of the motor generator 192 is connected mechanically to the output side of the engine 120 and to the output side of the motor generator 194 through the power distribution mechanism 122 respectively. The motor generator 192/194 and the power distribution mechanism 122 are housed in the case of the speed reduction gear 118.
The motor generator 192/194 is a synchronizer provided with an eternal magnet in its rotator. The driving of the motor generator 192/194 is controlled according to the state of the controlling of the AC power supplied to the motor coil of the stator by the inverter device 140/142. The inverter device 140/142 is connected to a battery 136 so that the power can be sent/received between the battery 136 and the inverter device 140/142.
In this embodiment, the HEV 110 includes a first power generation unit consisting of a motor generator 192 and an inverter device 140 and a second power generation unit consisting of a motor generator 194 and an inverter device 142. The HEV 110 selects one of the two power generation units according to the state of operation. In other words, when the subject vehicle is driven by the engine 120 and the vehicle driving torque requires an external assistance, the second power generation unit is selected to drive the vehicle with the driving power of the engine 120 and the driving power is used to operate the first power generation unit that functions as an electric unit. In the similar situation, when assisting the speed of the subject vehicle, the first power generation unit is driven by the engine 120 to generate a power and the obtained power is used to operate the second power generation unit, which then comes to function as an electric unit.
In this embodiment, the battery 136 is used to operate the second power generation unit, which then comes to function as an electric unit, thereby the subject vehicle can be driven only with the power of the motor generator 192. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first or second power generation unit can be driven by the driving power of the engine 120 or by the driving power from the vehicle wheels so as to generate a power usable to charge the battery 136.
The battery 136 is also used as a power source for driving an auxiliary motor 195. There are some types for such auxiliary motors, for example, motors for driving air conditioner compressors and motors for driving control oil pressure pumps. The inverter device 43 converts a DC power supplied from the battery 136 to an AC power and supplies the converted AC power to the motor 195. The inverter device 43, having the same function as those of the inverters 140 and 142, controls the phase and frequency of the AC power supplied to the motor 195. For example, the motor 195 generates a torque upon receiving an AC power having an advanced phase with respect to the rotation of its rotator. On the other hand, the motor 195 functions as a power generator and enters a regenerative breaking state operation upon receiving a delayed phase AC power. In such a way, the inverter device 43 functions as a controller just like the inverter device 140/142. Here, because the capacity of the motor 195 is smaller than that of the motor generator 192/194, the maximum power conversion of the inverter device 43 is smaller than that of the inverter device 140/142, but the circuit configuration of the inverter device 43 is basically the same as that of the inverter device 140/142.
There is a close electrical relationship among each of the inverter devices 140, 142, and 43, and the capacitor module 500. Furthermore, all of those components are commonly required to have preventive measures for their heat generation. Furthermore, the power conversion apparatus 200 is also required to be minimized in cubic volume. In order to meet those requirements, the power conversion apparatus 200 to be described in detail below comes to have built-in inverter devices 140, 142, and 43, as well as the capacitor module 500. Employing such a configuration has successfully realized a compact and highly reliable power conversion apparatus 200 as described above.
Because the inverters 140, 142, and 43, as well as the capacitor module 500 are all built in one casing as described above, the power conversion apparatus 200 can be simplified in wiring and protected from noise. In addition, the inductance of the circuit for connecting the capacitor module to each of the inverter devices 140, 142, and 43 can be reduced, thereby both the spike voltage and the heat generation are reduced, and the heat releasing efficiency is improved.
Next, there will be described the circuit configuration of the power conversion apparatus 200 with reference to
The inverter device 140 includes a power module 300 provided with an inverter circuit 144 and a DC terminal 313. The inverter device 142 includes a power module 300 provided with an inverter circuit 145 and a DC terminal 313. And the inverter device 43 includes a power module provided with an inverter circuit 146. As to be described later, each power module 300 includes an inverter circuit and its wiring, a heat releasing base, etc.
The driving of each of the inverter circuits 144, 145, and 146 is controlled by its corresponding driver circuit 174A/174B/174C provided in the controller 170. The driver circuit shown in
The inverter circuit 144 consists of a 3-phase bridge circuit. The inverter circuit 144 includes a positive polarity side semiconductor switch device connected to the positive polarity side and a negative polarity side semiconductor switch device connected to the negative polarity side with respect to each of the U phase (denoted with U1), the V phase (denoted with V1), and the W phase (denoted with W1). The positive and negative polarity side semiconductor switch devices are paired to form upper and lower arm serial circuits. The positive polarity side semiconductor switch device includes an upper arm IGBT 328 (insulation gate type bipolar transistor) and a diode 156. The negative polarity side semiconductor switch device includes a lower arm IGBT 330 and a diode 166.
The upper and lower arm serial circuits are electrically connected in parallel between the DC positive and negative polarity terminals 314316 of the DC terminal 313. The DC positive and negative polarity terminals 314 and 316 are formed with a wide conductor board material in the direction of the parallel disposition (vertical direction) of the two power modules 300 respectively. The DC terminal 313 is formed as a 3-layered wiring board with an insulation paper 318 (not shown) among those three layers and disposed between the DC positive and negative polarity terminals 314 and 316.
Each of the IGBTs 328 and 330 is driven according to a driving signal outputted from the driver circuit 174A (174) to convert the DC power received from the battery 136 to a 3-phase AC power. This converted AC power is supplied to an armature coil of the motor generator 192. Here, the reference numerals 328, 330, 156, and 166 that are otherwise used for both V and W phases are omitted. The configuration of the power module 300 of the inverter device 142 is the same as that of the inverter device 140, and the configuration of the inverter circuit 146 of the inverter device 43 is the same as that of the inverter circuit 144, so that the description will be omitted here.
In this embodiment, the IGBTs 328 and 330 are used as switching power semiconductor elements. Each of the IGBTs 328 and 330 includes a collector electrode, an emitter electrode (emitter electrode terminal for signals), and a gate electrode (gate electrode terminal). Diodes 156 and 166 are connected electrically between the collector electrodes and the emitter electrodes of the IGBTs 328 and 330 respectively as shown in
The control circuit 172 generates timing signals for controlling the switching timings of the IGBTs 328 and 330 according to the input information from the controllers, sensors (e.g., a current sensor 180), etc. of the subject vehicle. The driver circuit 174 generates driving signals used for switching operations of the IGBTs 328 and 330 according to the timing signals outputted from the control circuit 172.
The control circuit 172 includes a microcomputer used for computing the switching timings of the IGBTs 328 and 330. The microcomputer inputs a target torque value requested to the motor generator 192, a current value supplied from the upper/lower serial circuit to the armature coil of the motor generator 192, and a position of the magnetic pole of the rotator of the motor generator 192 as input information. The target torque value is determined by the command signal outputted from the host controller (not shown). The current value is detected according to a detection signal outputted from the current sensor 180. The position of the magnetic pole is detected according to the detection signal outputted from the rotating magnetic pole sensor (not shown) provided for the motor generator 192. In this embodiment, current values of three phases are detected as an example, but the current values of only two of those phases may be detected.
The microcomputer in the control circuit 172 computes a current command value for each of the d and q shafts of the motor generator 192 according to the target torque value. The microcomputer also computes the voltage command values for those d and q shafts according to the differences between the current command values for the d and q shafts and the detected current values of the d and q shafts. The microcomputer then converts the voltage command values of the computed d and q shafts to the voltage command values for the U, V, and W phases according to the detected position of the magnetic pole respectively. After this, the microcomputer generates a pulse-like modulated wave according to the result of comparison between the basic wave (sine wave) and the carrier wave (triangle wave) on the basis of each of the voltage command values of the U, V, and W phases and outputs the generated modulated wave to the driver circuit 174 as a PWM (pulse width modulation) signal.
The driver circuit 174, when driving the lower arm, amplifies the PWM signal and outputs the amplified PWM signal to the gate electrode of the lower arm IGBT 330 as a driving signal. On the other hand, when driving the upper arm, the driver circuit 174 shifts the reference potential level of the PWM signal to the upper arm reference potential level, then amplifies the PWM signal and outputs the amplified PWM signal to the gate electrode of the upper arm IGBT 328. Consequently, each IGBT 328/330 makes switching according to the inputted driving signal.
The controller 170 detects abnormal states (overcurrent, overvoltage, excessive temperature, etc.) to protect the upper and lower arm serial circuits. Therefore, the controller 170 inputs sensing information. For example, each arm signal emitter electrode terminal 155/165 outputs the information of a current flowing in the emitter of each IGBT 328/330 to its corresponding driver (IC). Consequently, each driver (IC) detects an overcurrent. Thus the driver (IC), upon detecting an overcurrent, instructs the corresponding IGBT 328/330 to stop the switching operation to protect the IGBT 328/330 from the overcurrent. The microcomputer inputs temperature information of the upper/lower arm serial circuit from the temperature sensor (not shown) provided in the upper/lower arm serial circuit. The microcomputer also inputs the DC positive polarity side voltage information of the upper/lower arm serial circuit. According to those information items, the microcomputer detects excessive temperature and overcurrent. The microcomputer, upon detecting an excessive temperature or overvoltage, instructs the IGBT 328/330 to stop the switching operation to protect the upper/lower arm serial circuit from the excessive temperature or overcurrent.
In the inverter device 140, the conductivity of the upper/lower arm IGBT 328/330 is turned on/off cyclically. When the conductivity is turned on/off, the stator coil of the motor generator 192 generates a current, which is then flown in the object circuit that includes the diode 156/166. In the power conversion apparatus 200 in this embodiment, one upper/lower arm serial circuit is provided for each phase of the inverter device 140. The power conversion apparatus 200 may also take another configuration in which two upper/lower arm serial circuits are connected in parallel for each phase as a circuit that generates 3-phase AC outputs to the object motor generator.
The DC terminals 313 of the inverter devices 140 and 142 are connected to a common laminated conductor board 700, respectively. The laminated conductor board 700 includes wiring boards formed in a 3-layer structure consisting of a positive polarity side conductor board 702 and a negative polarity side conductor board 704 made of a conductor board material wide in the direction of the disposition of power modules, respectively. An insulation sheet 706 (not shown) is put between those conductor boards 704 and 706. The positive and negative polarity side conductor boards 702 and 704 of the laminated conductor board 700 are connected to a positive polarity conductor board 507 and a negative polarity conductor board 505 of a laminated wiring board 501 of the capacitor module 500 respectively. Each of the positive and negative polarity conductor boards 507 and 505 is made of a conductor board material wide in the direction of the power module disposition so as to configure a laminated wiring board in a 3-layer structure in which an insulation sheet 517 (not shown) is disposed between those plates 507 and 505.
A plurality of capacitor cells 514 are connected to the capacitor module 500 in parallel. The positive pole side of each capacitor cell is connected to the positive polarity conductor board 507 and the negative side thereof is connected to the negative polarity conductor board 505. The capacitor module 500 is formed as a smoothing circuit used to suppress the variation of the DC voltage that otherwise occurs due to the switching operation of each IGBT 328/330.
The laminated wiring board 501 of the capacitor module 500 is connected to an input laminated wiring board 230 connected to a DC connector 138 of the power conversion apparatus 200. The inverter circuit 146 of the auxiliary inverter device 43 is also connected to the input laminated wiring board 230. A noise filter 204 is provided between the input laminated wiring board 230 and the laminated wiring board 501. The noise filter 204 includes two capacitors, each of which connects the ground terminal of the apparatus casing 12 to each of the DC power lines to configure a Y capacitor that prevents common mode noise.
Reference numeral 19A denotes a cooling jacket in which a cooling water flow path is formed. The cooling water flown from the cooling water inlet pipe 13 goes and back in a U-letter pattern as shown with an arrow line, then flows out of the outlet pipe 14. The inverter circuit 144/145 is disposed in the cooling water flow path and the upper arm side IGBT and its diode are disposed in the forward flow and the lower arm side IGBT and its diode are disposed in the backward flow of the cooling water path in each inverter circuit.
In
At the outer peripheries of the long sides of the power conversion apparatus 200 are provided two pairs of AC terminal cases 17 used for connecting the motor generators 192 and 194 respectively. The AC terminal 18 is used to electrically connect a power module 300 to each of the motor generators 192 and 194. The AC current to be outputted from the power module 300 is transmitted to the motor generators 192 and 194 through the AC terminal 18.
The connector 21 is connected to the control circuit board 20 built in the apparatus casing 12. Types of signals received from external are transmitted to the control circuit board 20 through the connector 21. The DC (battery) negative and positive polarity side connection terminals 510 and 512 are used to connect electrically the battery 136 to the capacitor module 500 respectively. In this embodiment, the connector 21 is provided on the outer periphery surface of one of the short sides of the apparatus casing 12. On the other hand, the DC (battery) negative and positive polarity side connection terminals 510 and 512 are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the other short side. This means that the connector 21 is separated from the DC (battery) negative polarity side connection terminal 510. This makes it possible to reduce the noise that enters the apparatus casing 12 from the DC (battery) negative polarity side connection terminal 510 and transmitted up to the connector 21, thereby the control circuit board 20 comes to further improve the motor controllability.
As shown in
At the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 19A are formed an opening 404 that enables aluminum casting to be made more easily. The opening 404 is blocked up by the lower cover 420. At the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 19A is provided the auxiliary inverter device 43. The inverter device 43 includes a power module in which power semiconductor elements of the inverter circuit 146 are built as shown in
Under the cooling jacket 19A is provided the lower case 16. The lower case 16 includes the capacitor case 500. The capacitor module 500 is fastened to the inner surface of the bottom plate of the lower case 16 so that the heat releasing surface of the metal case comes in contact with the inner surface of the bottom plate of the lower case 16. This structure makes it possible to use the top and bottom surfaces of the cooling jacket 16 to improve the cooling efficiency of the power module 300 and the inverter device 43, thereby the power conversion apparatus 200 can be more reduced in size.
The cooling water, when flowing from the inlet and outlet pipes 13 and 14 of the path 19, cools down the heat releasing fins of the two power modules 300 disposed side by side, thereby those two power modules 300 are cooled down entirely. Similarly, at this time, the auxiliary inverter device 43 is also cooled down at the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 19A.
Furthermore, when the apparatus casing 12 in which the cooling jacket 19A is formed is cooled down, the lower case 16 is also cooled down in the lower portion of the apparatus casing 12. The heat of the capacitor module 500 is thus transmitted into the cooling water through the lower case 16 and the apparatus casing 12, thereby the capacitor module 500 is cooled down.
Above the power module 300 is disposed a laminated conductor board 700 that connects each power module 300 to the capacitor module 500. This laminated conductor board 700 is formed over the two power modules 300 in the direction of their parallel disposition. The laminated conductor board 700 consists of a positive polarity side conductor board 702 (see
Above the laminated conductor board 700 are disposed a control circuit board 20 and a driving circuit board 22. The driving circuit, board 22 includes the driver circuit 174 (174A, 174B) shown in
The driving circuit board 22 includes an inter-board connector 23 that connects the circuits of the control circuit board 20 passing through the metal base plate 11. The control circuit board 20 includes a connector 21 used for electrical connection to an object external device/unit. The connector 21 is also used to transmit signals to/from an on-vehicle battery 136 provided outside the power conversion apparatus 200, that is, a lithium battery module. The control circuit board 20 receives battery state signals, lithium battery charging state signals, etc. from the lithium battery module. A signal cable 176 (not shown in
An opening is formed at each of the top and bottom end parts of the apparatus casing 12. These openings are blocked when the upper and lower cases 10 and 16 are fastened to the apparatus casing 12 with such fastening parts as screws and bolts. In a center part of the height of the apparatus casing 12 is formed the cooling jacket 19A in which the cooling water path 19 is formed. The top surface opening of the cooling jacket 19A is covered by the power module 300 and the bottom surface opening is covered by the lower cover 420, thereby the cooling water path 19 is formed in the cooling jacket 19A. In this state, a water leak test is carried out for the cooling water path 19 in an assembly process. When the water path 19 passes the leak test, necessary boards and the capacitor module 500 are fastened in the apparatus casing 12 through the upper and lower openings. The power conversion apparatus 200 is structured so as to enable the cooling jacket 19A to be disposed in the center of the apparatus casing 12 and to fix necessary parts in the apparatus casing 12 through the top and bottom openings in such a way. Thus the apparatus productivity is improved. In addition, because the cooling water path 19 is completed fir t, then the water leak test is carried out and other necessary parts are assembled into the apparatus 200, both productivity and reliability of the apparatus 200 are improved.
The cooling water supplied from the inlet pipe 13 into the path 19 flows along the long side of the rectangular shape as shown with an arrow line 418. The cooling water turns back just before the surface of the other short side of the rectangular shape as shown with arrows 421a and 421b. The cooling water then flows in the direction shown with an arrow 422 along the long side of the rectangular shape again and goes out from an exit hole (not shown) into the inlet pipe 14. At the top surface of the cooling jacket 19A are formed four openings 400 and 402. The openings 400 are provided one for the going flow and one for the returning flow of the cooling water. The openings 402 are also provided one for the going flow and one for the returning flow of the cooling water. A power module 300 is fastened to each of the openings 400 and 402. The heat releasing fins of each power module 300 are protruded through the opening into the flow of the cooling water. The two pairs of the power modules 300 disposed in the cooling water flowing direction, that is, in the longitudinal direction of the apparatus casing 12 are fastened so as to close the openings of the cooling water jacket 19A water-tightly through such a sealing material as an O-ring 800, respectively.
The cooling water jacket 19A is molded unitarily with the apparatus casing 12 so as to cross the middle step of the peripheral wall 12W of the apparatus casing 12. Through the top surface of the cooling jacket 19A are provided four openings 400 and 402 and through the bottom surface is provided one opening 404. Around each of those openings 400 and 402 is provided a power module fastening surface 410S. A part between those openings 400 and 402 on the fastening surface 410S is referred to as a supporting block 410. One power module 300 is fastened to the inlet/outlet side of the cooling water with respect to the supporting block 410 and the other power module 300 is fastened to the turn-back side of the cooling water with respect to the supporting block 410. A screw hole 412 shown in
The inlet/outlet side power module 300 is cooled down by the cooler. water from the inlet pipe 13 and by the water warmed slightly by the heat from heat generation parts near the exit. On the other hand, the return side power module 300 is cooled down by the water that is cooler than the water near the exit hole 403. As a result, the positional relationship between the turn-back cooling water flow and two power modules 300 comes to have a merit that the cooling efficiency is balanced well between the two power modules 300.
The supporting block 410 is used to fasten the power modules 300 and it is required to seal the openings 400 and 402 water-tightly. The supporting block 410 is also effective to improve the strength of the apparatus casing 12. As described above, the cooling water path 19 is has a turn-back flow and a partition wall 408 is provided between the going and returning flows. This partition wall 408 is formed unitarily with the supporting block 410. While the partition wall 408 separates the going flow from the returning flow, the wall 408 also functions to improve the mechanical strength of the apparatus casing 12. The partition wall 408 can also be effective to make the temperature of the cooling water uniform, since it functions to transmit the heat of the cooling water in the returning flow to the cooling water in the going flow. If there is a large temperature difference in the cooling water between the inlet side and the outlet side, the cooling efficiency comes to be varied in places significantly. While such a temperature difference appears unavoidably, the partition wall 408 formed unitarily with the supporting block 410 can suppress the temperature difference of the cooling water considerably.
Then, a through-hole 406 is formed at the outer surface of the side wall of the cooling water path 19. Electrical components (the power modules 300 and the capacitor module 500) disposed at both sides of the cooling water path 19 are connected to each other through this hole 406.
Because the apparatus casing 12 can be formed unitarily with the cooling jacket 19A as described above, casting, particularly, aluminum die-casting can be employed suitably for the apparatus casing 12.
The power module 300 is fastened to the top surface opening of the cooling jacket 19A, then the lower cover 420 is fastened to the back side opening of the cooling jacket 19A as shown in
In
The inverter device 43 is disposed between the cooling water path 19 and the capacitor module 500. The height of the inverter device 43 is almost equal to the height of the lower cover 420. Consequently, the inverter device 43 can be cooled down and the power conversion apparatus 200 can be limited in height.
As shown in
In
Each power module 300 consists mainly of a semiconductor module block, which includes a wiring in the power module case 302 made of a resin material; a metal base 304 made of such a metallic material as Cu, Al, AlSiC, or the like; and external connection terminals (the DC positive polarity terminal 314, the control terminal 320U, etc.). As such external connection terminals, the power module 300 includes U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase AC terminals 159 connected to a motor, as well as a DC positive polarity terminal 314 and a DC negative polarity terminal 316 connected to the capacitor module 500 (see
The semiconductor module includes IGBTs 328 and 330 of the upper and lower arms, the diodes 156 and 166, etc. provided on the insulated substrate 334 and the module is protected by resin or silicon gel (not shown). The insulated substrate 334 may be replaced with a ceramic substrate or a thinner insulation sheet.
As shown in
When the DC positive polarity terminal 314, the insulation sheet 318, and the DC negative polarity terminal 316 are laminated, the negative and positive polarity connection parts 316a and 314a are bent in the directions opposite to each other. The insulation sheet 318 is bent along the negative polarity connection part 316a to secure the insulated creepage surface distances of the positive and negative polarity terminals. The insulation sheet 318, when heat resistance is required, uses a composite sheet made of polyimide, meta-aramid fiber, tracking property improved polyester, etc. Two insulation sheets may be laminated to improve the reliability and prevent such defects as pin holes, etc. Furthermore, in order to prevent the insulation sheet 318 from rents and tears, the corners are rounded. And the sagging face generated when in die-cutting is faced towards the insulation sheet 318 so that the terminal edge does not touch the insulation sheet 318. Although such an insulation sheet is used as an insulator in this embodiment, the terminal may be coated with an insulation material. And in order to reduce the parasitic inductance, for example, when the power module has a withstand voltage of 600 V, the distance between the positive and negative poles is set at 0.5 mm or under and the thickness of the insulation sheet is set at a half of the current one or under.
The DC positive and negative polarity terminals 314 and 316 include connection ends 314k and 316k to be connected to the circuit wiring pattern 334k on the insulated substrate 334, respectively. Two connection ends 314k and two connection ends 316k are provided for each of the phases (U, V, and W). Consequently, as to be described later, a circuit wiring pattern having two small loop current paths can be connected to each phase arm. Each of the connection ends 314k and 316k is protruded towards the circuit wiring pattern 334k and its tip is bent to form a coupling surface with respect to the circuit wiring pattern 334k. While each of the connection ends 314k and 316k is soldered to the circuit wiring pattern 334k or both of the metals are welded directly by ultrasonic wave. The power module 300, particularly the metal base 304 swells or shrinks according to the temperature cycle. This swelling and shrinking might cause cracks or breaks at the connection part between the connection end 314k/316k and the circuit wiring pattern 334k. In order to prevent this, the power module 300 in this embodiment, as shown in
The length of the laminated plane section 319 is set at 130 mm in the width direction and at 10 mm in the depth direction so that the length in the depth direction is slightly increased to warp corresponding to the warping of the metal base 304 in both the width and depth directions. The thickness of the laminated plane section 319 of each of the DC positive and negative polarity terminals 314 and 316 is set as comparatively thin as 1 mm so as to enable the DC positive and negative polarity terminals 314 and 316 to warp easily.
As shown in
In this embodiment, the fins 305 are shaped like pins. Those fins may also be straight type fins formed in the flowing direction of the cooling water. If the straight type fins are employed for the fins 305, the cooling water pressure can be lowered. On the other hand, employment of pin type fins will improve the cooling efficiency.
On one side surface (the upper side surface in the figure) of the metal base 304 is fastened the insulated substrate 334 and on the insulated substrate 334 are soldered (337) a chip having the IGBT 328 and the diode 156 of the upper arm and the IGBT 330 and the diode 166 of the lower arm, respectively. At the back side of the insulated substrate 334, that is, on the opposite side surface of the circuit wiring pattern formed surface is formed a solid pattern 334r in which no circuit pattern is formed. The solid pattern 334r on the back surface of the insulated substrate 334 is soldered (337) to the metal base 304.
As shown in
Each of the IGBT 328 and the diode 156 has an electrode provided on its back side and soldered to the circuit wiring pattern 334k. Similarly to the upper arm circuit, the lower arm circuit 152 also includes an insulated substrate 334 disposed on the metal base 304, a circuit wiring pattern 334k wired on the insulated substrate 334, and the IGBT 330 and the diode 166 mounted on the circuit wiring pattern 334k.
The electrode at the back side of each of the IGBT 330 and the diode 166 is also soldered to the circuit wiring pattern 334k. In this embodiment, each phase arm consists of two pairs of circuit blocks, each having the IGBT 328 and the diode 156 that are connected to the object in parallel. The required number of circuit blocks is determined by the current flow to the motor 192. In this embodiment, if the required current flow is larger than that of the motor 192, three or more pairs of the circuit blocks are connected in parallel. On the contrary, if the required current flow is smaller than that of the motor 192, each phase arm can be configured only by one pair of circuit blocks.
Next, there will be described the current flow path of the power module 300 with reference to
As described above, the upper arm consists of two pairs of circuit blocks, in each of which the IGBT 328 and the diode 156 are connected to the object in parallel. Consequently, in the current path of (2), the current is branched into two by the element side connection conductor part 372U and flown into those two pairs of the circuit blocks. The current path to the lower arm 152 of the power module 300 will be as follows:
(1) from the connection conductor part 371D to the electrode of one of the electrodes of the lower arm IGBT 330 and the upper arm diode 166 (the electrode connected to the element side connection conductor part 372D) through the element side connection conductor part 372D,
(2) from the diode of the other one of the lower arm IGBT 330 and the lower arm diode 166 to the connection conductor part 3730 through the wire 336, and
(3) from the connection conductor part 3730 to the DC negative polarity terminal 316 (not shown).
Similarly to the upper arm, the lower arm consists of two pairs of circuit blocks, in each of which the IGBT 330 and the diode 166 are connected to the object in parallel. Therefore, in the current path in (1), the current is branched into two by the element side connection conductor part 371D and flown into those two pairs of the circuit blocks.
The connection conductor part 371U that connects the upper arm circuit IGBT 328 (and the diode 156) to the DC positive polarity terminal 314 (not shown) is disposed around the center of one side of the insulated substrate 334. The IGBT 328 (and the diode 156) is mounted around the opposite side of the insulated substrate 334, where the 371U is disposed. In this embodiment, the two connection conductor parts 373U are disposed serially with the above described connection conductor part 371U therebetween and at one side of the insulated substrate 334.
The circuit patterns and the packaging patterns as described above, that is, the circuit wiring patterns on the insulated substrate 334 are formed as approximately T-letter wiring patterns respectively and two wiring patterns (373U) are formed at both sides of an approximately vertical bar (371U). Then, terminals are led from the connection ends 371U and 373U to form an M-letter-like current path as shown with an arrow 350 in
The two small loop current flows described above are two U-turn current flows that compete to negate each other when flowing on the insulated substrate 334. Consequently, as shown in the magnetic field 350H in
The lower arm circuit also has circuit wiring patterns and packaging patterns just like those of the upper arm circuit described above. In other words, the connection conductor part 371D that connects the lower arm circuit IGBT 330 (and the diode 166) to the DC negative polarity terminal 316 (not shown) is disposed around a middle point at one side of the insulated substrate 334. The IGBT 330 (and the diode 166) are mounted near the other side of the insulated substrate 334 where the connection conductor part 371D is disposed. In this embodiment, the two connection conductor parts 373D are disposed serially with the connection conductor part 371D therebetween and at one side of the insulated substrate 334.
Because the circuit wiring patterns and the packaging patterns are employed and disposed in such a way, the parasitic inductance as described above is reduced even at the lower arm circuit side. In this embodiment, for example, the inlet of each phase arm current path becomes the connection conductor part 371U disposed between two connection conductor parts 373U. Even when the positions of the inlet and outlet are exchanged, the small loop current path as described above is formed in each phase arm. Consequently, just like in the above case, each phase arm parasitic inductance is reduced and the magnetic noise generation is prevented.
Next, there will be described in detail the structure of the capacitor module 500 in this embodiment with reference to
In the capacitor case 502 are provided a plurality of capacitor cells 514 and a laminated wiring board 501. Furthermore, such a filler 522 as resin is filled in the case 502. In
As shown in
Each of the negative and positive polarity conductor boards 505 and 507 of the laminated wiring board 501 is provided with a terminal 516/518 to be connected to the positive and negative polarity electrodes 508 of the corresponding capacitor cell 514. The negative polarity terminal 518 is connected to the electrode 508 at the opposite side of the electrode 508 to which the positive polarity terminal 516 is connected (not shown in
The negative and positive polarity conductor boards 505 and 507 are provided with a plurality of negative polarity side capacitor terminal 504 and a plurality of positive polarity side capacitor terminal 506 respectively, which are formed by bending their thin-plate-like wide conductor ends upward respectively. Those negative and positive polarity side capacitor terminals 504 and 506 are connected to the laminated conductor board 700. And as shown in
The capacitor case 502 has a terminal cover 520 and it is used to position terminals and to be insulated from the casing 12 of the power conversion apparatus 200. In addition, the capacitor case 502 has a partition used to position each of the capacitor cells 514. The capacitor case 502 is made of a material having excellent thermal conductivity. A heat releasing material having an excellent thermal conductivity may be buried in the above described partition.
The capacitor module 500 generates a heat when a ripple current flows therein at a switching time due to the electrical resistance of the metal thin film evaporated on the film provided inside each capacitor cell 514, and due to that of the inner conductor (terminal). Each of the capacitor cells and the inner conductors (terminals) are impregnated (molded) with resin (filler 522) in the capacitor case 502 so as to protect the capacitor cells from humidity. Consequently, those capacitor cells 514 and inner conductors come closely in contact with the capacitor case 502 with resin therebetween, thereby the heat generated by the capacitor cells are easily transmitted to the capacitor case. In addition, this structure makes it possible to transmit the heat generated by the capacitor cells 514 directly to the negative and positive polarity conductor boards 505 and 507, since the negative and positive polarity conductor boards 505 and 507 are connected directly to the electrodes 508 and the terminals 516 and 518 of the capacitor cells 514. As a result, the wide conductors can transmit the heat to the mold resin easily. This is why the heat is transmitted properly from the capacitor case 502 to the apparatus casing 12, further to the cooling water path 19, so that the heat releasing efficiency is improved. Because all the capacitor cells 514 are connected to the laminated wiring board 501, which is a wide conductor board, in this embodiment, the number of wiring parts is reduced, the productivity is improved, and the electrostatic capacity is approximately averaged among those capacitor cells 514. Thus the operating lives of all the parts of the capacitor module 500 can be extended. Furthermore, the use of the wide conductor board can reduce the parasitic inductance described above.
As shown in
In the capacitor case 502 fastened on the lower case 16 are housed many capacitor cells 514 (not shown). And the positive and negative polarity side capacitor terminals 504 and 506 of the capacitor module 500 are disposed along one long side of the capacitor case 502. Each of the positive and negative polarity connection parts 504c and 506b at the top ends of the positive and negative polarity side capacitor terminals 504 and 506 are disposed so as to be protruded from the top surface of the corresponding capacitor cell 514.
The laminated conductor board 700 connected to the two power modules 300 is disposed so as to cover those two power modules 300. The positive and negative polarity side capacitor terminals 504 and 506 are shaped like the L-letter respectively; they rise up from the openings of the capacitor case 502. The positive and negative polarity connection parts 506c and 504c at the top ends of the positive and negative polarity side capacitor terminals 504 and 506 formed like the L-letter respectively come in contact with the laminated conductor board 700 and bolted to the board in an assembling process of the power conversion apparatus 200.
As shown in
As shown in
A boss 321 is disposed around the midpoint of the A side of each power module 300 shown in
The driving circuit board 22 is disposed above the laminated conductor board 700. As shown in
As shown in
As shown in
As described above, the capacitor module 500 includes a plurality of built-in capacitor cells 514. The capacitor module 500 also includes wide conductors (positive and negative polarity conductor boards 507 and 505) corresponding each pair of those capacitor cells 514. In this embodiment, all those negative and positive polarity side capacitor terminals 504 and 506 are connected electrically to one pair of laminated conductor boards 700. Consequently, all the capacitor cells 514 come to be connected electrically to the two power modules 300, thereby the electrostatic capacitor can be used almost equally among those capacitor cells 514. The operation lives of all the parts of the capacitor module 500 can thus be extended.
The space between the positive and negative polarity side conductor boards 702 and 704 of each laminated conductor board 700 should preferably be reduced as much as possible to reduce the parasitic inductance described above. For example, if the laminated conductor board 700 includes a bent part for connecting each power modules 300 to the capacitor module 500 by wiring, the bent part requires a larger space than that of the flat plate section. As a result, the parasitic inductance comes to increase.
In order to avoid this, in this embodiment, the positive and negative side connection parts 314a and 316a of each power module 300 and the positive and negative polarity side connection parts 504c and 506b of the capacitor module 500 are disposed approximately on the same plane. The laminated conductor board 700 can thus be formed like a flat board, thereby the space between the positive and negative polarity side conductor boards 702 and 704 can be reduced and the parasitic inductance can be reduced.
As shown in
On the other hand, the current of the positive polarity conductor board connection part 702a flows in the current path 384 as shown in
Furthermore, as shown in
Similarly, the positive polarity side current that flows instantaneously at a switching time of the IGBT 328/330 comes to flow in the current path 394 shown in
Furthermore, as shown in
In the examples shown in
On the first layer, the capacitor module 500 is provided in the lower case 16. The capacitor module 500, as described above, includes a plurality of capacitor cells 514 and a laminated wiring board 501. Under the laminated wiring board 501 is provided the filter 204 shown in
In addition, the power module of the auxiliary inverter device 43 is fastened to the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 19A. Because the cooling jacket 19A is formed unitarily with the apparatus casing 12 in the aluminum casting process, the flowing cooling water cools down the whole cooling jacket 19A. This is why the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 19A can be regarded as a cooling surface. The power module 300 is fastened so that the heat releasing metal base 431 having the inverter semiconductor elements (IGBTs and diodes) faces upward and the metal base 431 comes to closely in contact with the bottom surface 191 of the cooling jacket 19A. The driving circuit board 433 having the driver circuit 174C of the inverter device 43 and the drive power supply 432 mounted thereon is provided under the switching semiconductor elements.
The power module 300 of each of the inverter devices 140 and 142 is disposed on the top surface of the cooling jacket 19A, that is, on the second layer of the apparatus casing 12. The power modules 300 are disposed side by side in the flowing direction of the cooling water, that is, in the right-left direction in
Around a middle point of the vertical direction at a cross sectional view of the apparatus casing 12 is provided the cooling jacket 19A that is formed unitarily with the apparatus casing 12 in an aluminum die-casting process. And a power module 300 is disposed in the opening formed at the top surface of the cooling jacket 19A. As shown in
A flat AC power line of which center part is bent has one end connected to the AC terminal of the power module 300 and the other end protruded from inside the power conversion apparatus 200 to form an AC connector. The positive and negative polarity side capacitor terminals 504 and 506 are connected electrically and mechanically to the positive and negative polarity side conductor boards 702 and 704 through a through-hole 406, respectively. The AC connector 188, the positive and negative polarity side capacitor terminals 504 and 506 are disposed in the vertical direction with respect to the cooling water flow in the cooling water path 19 provided in the apparatus casing 12. Thus the electric wirings come to be laid neatly, thereby the power conversion apparatus 200 can be reduced in size. The positive and negative polarity side conductor boards 702 and 704, as well as the AC side power line 186 of the laminated conductor board 700 are protruded from the power module 300 to form connection terminals respectively. As a result, the electrical connections can be made so easily and because no other connection conductors are used, the power conversion apparatus 200 can be reduced in size. And this structure is also effective to improve the productivity and reliability of the power conversion apparatus 200.
The through-hole 406 is isolated from the cooling water path 19 by a frame body in the apparatus casing 12. And because the connection part between the positive and negative polarity side conductor boards 702 and 704, as well as the connection part between the positive and negative polarity side capacitor terminals 506 and 504 are provided in the through-hole, the reliability of the power conversion apparatus 200 is improved.
In
Because the capacitor terminals 504 and 506 are provided so as to pass aside the cooling jacket 19A to connect the capacitor module 500 to the laminated conductor board 700, the power wirings can be formed so as to surround the cooling jacket 19, thereby the power lines can 61 be laid in the shortest route. And because a laminated structure is employed for laying the power wirings, even when the capacitor module 500 and the power module 300 are disposed so as to put the cooling jacket 19A therebetween, the impedance described above can be reduced. Furthermore, because the capacitor module 500 is disposed near the cooling jacket 19A, the cooling efficiency of the capacitor module 500 is improved.
In case of the cooling structure described above, each power module 300 having a large calorific value is fastened to one surface of the cooling jacket 19A and the fins 305 of the power module 300 are protruded into the cooling water path 19 to cool down the power module 300 efficiently. Then, the auxiliary inverter device 43 having a large calorific value is cooled down on the other surface of the cooling jacket 19A. Furthermore, the capacitor module 500 having the next larger calorific value is cooled down through the apparatus casing 12 and the lower case 16. Due to the cooling structure preferred to those calorific values, the cooling efficiency and reliability of the power conversion apparatus 200 are improved and this can reduce the apparatus 200 in size effectively.
Furthermore, because the inverter device 43 is fastened onto the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 19A, which faces the capacitor module 500, if the capacitor module 500 is used as a smoothing capacitor of the inverter device 43, the wiring distance can be shortened. And when the wiring distance is such short, the inductance described above can also be reduced.
Above the power module 300 is disposed a driving circuit board 22 that includes a driver circuit 174. And above the driving circuit board 22 is disposed a control circuit board 20 with the metal base plate 11 therebetween. The metal base plate 11 improves the heat releasing and electromagnetic shielding effects. The driving circuit board 22 is fastened to a substrate fixture 302a formed in the power module case 302. The control circuit board 20 is fastened to a support 810 provided on the metal base plate 11 with screws. The heat generated from the control circuit board 20 is transmitted to the metal base plate 11 through the support 810. The control circuit board 20 mounts a CPU 212, a control power supply, etc. provided for the control circuit 172. The metal base plate 11 has an opening 100 and the signal cable 102 led from the signal terminal of the control circuit board 20 is passed through this opening 100 and connected to a connector 21 provided on the side wall of the apparatus casing 12. This completes the description of how the power conversion apparatus 200 in this embodiment is configured.
As described above, because the driving circuit board 22 is disposed between the control circuit board 20 and a power module 300, the operation timings of the inverter circuit are transmitted from the control circuit board 20 to the driving circuit board 22. And according to the operation timings, the driving circuit board 22 generates gate signals, which are then applied to the gate of each power module 300. The control circuit board 20 and the driving circuit board 22 are disposed by taking consideration to the electrical connection relationship in such a way, so that the electrical wirings can be simplified and the power conversion apparatus 200 can be reduced in size. And because the driving circuit board 22 is disposed closer to the control circuit board 20 than the power module 300 and the capacitor module 500, the wiring distance from the driving circuit board 22 to the driving circuit board 20 is shorter than that from another component (power module 300, etc.) to the control circuit board 20. Consequently, the electromagnetic noise transmitted from the DC positive polarity side connection terminal 512 and the electromagnetic noise caused by the switching operation of the IGBT 328/330 can be prevented from entering each wiring from the driving circuit board 22 to the control circuit board 20.
And because the power module 300 is fastened to one surface of the cooling jacket 19A and the inverter device 43 is fastened to the other surface thereof, both of the power module 300 and the inverter device 43 can be cooled down by the cooling water flowing in the cooling water path 19 at the same time. In this case, the cooling effect of the power module 300 is more improved, since its heat releasing fins come in contact directly with the cooling water in the path 19. Furthermore, the cooling water in the path 19 also cools down the apparatus casing 12, as well as the lower case 16 and the metal base plate 11 fastened to the apparatus casing 12. And because the metal case of the capacitor module 500 is fastened to the lower case 16, the capacitor module 500 is cooled down by the cooling water through both of the lower case 16 and the apparatus case 12. In addition, the cooling water also cools down the control circuit board 20 and the driving circuit board 22 through the metal base plate 11. The lower case 16 is made of a material having high heat conductivity. And upon receiving the heat generated from the capacitor module 500, the lower case 16 transmits the heat to the apparatus casing 12 so that the transmitted heat is released into the cooling water in the cooling water path 19. And on the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 19A is provided the inverter device 43 having a comparatively small capacity. The inverter device 43 is used for an in-vehicle air conditioner, an oil pump, and another purpose pump. The heat generated from this inverter device 43 is released into the cooling water flowing in the cooling water path 19 through an intermediate frame body of the apparatus casing 12. Because the cooling jacket 19A is provided in the center of the apparatus casing 12 in such a way, the metal base plate 11 is provided on one surface of the cooling jacket 19A, that is, above the cooling jacket 19A, and the lower case 16 is provided on the other surface, that is, under the cooling jacket 19A, the components of the power conversion apparatus 200 can be cooled down appropriately to their calorific values respectively. This makes it possible to dispose those components neatly in order in the power conversion apparatus 200, so the apparatus 200 can be reduced in size.
Although the cooling water path 19 is the first main heat releasing device for the power conversion apparatus 200, the metal base plate 11 is the second main heat releasing device for the apparatus 200. The metal base plate 11 that functions as an electromagnetic shielding device, can also function to transmit the heat received from the control circuit board 20 and the driving circuit board 22 to the apparatus casing 12. The heat is then released into the cooling water flowing in the cooling water path 19.
As described above, the power conversion apparatus 200 in this embodiment employs a heat releasing system, which is a three-layer laminated structure consisting of the metal base plate 11, the cooling water path 19 (cooling jacket 19A), and the lower case 16. Those heat releasing components are disposed in adjacent to their corresponding heat generators (the power module 300, the control circuit board 20, the driving circuit board 22, and the capacitor module 500) respectively in hierarchical layers. On the middle layer of the hierarchical structure, the main heat releasing component (cooling water path 19) is provided and the metal base plate 11 and the lower case 16 are structured so as to transmit the subject heat into the cooling water flowing in the cooling water path 19. Particularly, the three heat releasing components (the cooling water path 19, the metal base plate 11, and the lower case 16) housed in the apparatus casing 12 makes a large contribution to the improvement of the heat releasing performance and both thinning and compaction of the apparatus 200.
Each of the laminated conductor boards 710 includes positive and negative polarity conductor boards 711 and 712 disposed with an insulation sheet 713 therebetween. How to connect the laminated conductor boards 710 to the capacitor terminals 504 and 506 is the same as that of the laminated conductor board 700. The laminated conductor boards 710 fastened almost at right angles to the capacitor terminals 504 and 506 respectively are bent at a right angle at a middle point between the upper and lower arms so as to be led into the power module 300 and connected to a circuit wiring pattern 334k (see
In the example shown in
In the variation shown in
Usually (while no discharging is made), the switching element 552 is turned off. When the ignition of the subject vehicle is turned off to discharge the capacitor module 500, the switching element 552 is turned on. This on-operation enables a current to flow into the discharging resistor 551, thereby the capacitor module 500 is discharged. The energy accumulated in the capacitor module 500 is converted to a thermal energy by the discharging resistor 551, then released into the cooling jacket 19A. This means that the power module cooling device (cooling jacket 19A) is also used as a cooling device of the discharging resistor 551. There is no need to provide a cooling device dedicated to the discharging resistor 551, so the apparatus 200 can be reduced in size. Furthermore, because the wiring 432 of the inverter device 43 is used, no discharging wiring is required. And although the discharging resistor 551 is fastened to the bottom surface of the cooling jacket 19A in the above example, the discharging resistor may be provided in the power module 300 of the inverter device 43. This discharging circuit 550 can also apply to any of the configurations shown in
In the configuration shown in
The noise generated from the motor regenerators 192 and 194 used for driving the subject vehicle is larger than that of the auxiliary motor 195. Consequently, some measures should be taken to prevent superposing of the noise generated from the motor generators 192 and 104 on the input to the auxiliary inverter circuit 1446. In this aspect, in the configuration shown in
In
As described with reference to
In this embodiment, therefore, the metal base plate 11 is provided to divide the area above the power module 300 into a second area S1 and a third area S2 and the power module 300 and the wiring parts (the laminated conductor board 700 and the laminated wiring board 501) that generate much noise are disposed in the second area S2 or first area S1 under the metal base plate 11 while the control circuit board 22 on which the control circuit 172 that is easily affected by noise is disposed is disposed in the third area S3. In the examples shown in
The capacitor module 500 is disposed in the first area S1 on the first layer (the area between the cooling jacket 19 and the lower case 16). The capacitor module 500 is fastened to the lower case 16, so that the heat generated from the capacitor module 500 is transmitted to the cooling jacket 19A through the lower case 16 as described above. The power module 300 having a high thermal density is fastened to the cooling jacket 19A so as to be cooled down effectively.
As shown in
Because the casing 12 of the power conversion apparatus 200 employs a three-layer structure and the power modules 300 and the capacitor module 500 are dispersed dispersedly on those layers, the power conversion apparatus 200 can solve both thermal and noise problems as described above.
Furthermore, the auxiliary inverter device 43 fastened to the bottom surface 191 of the cooling jacket 19A can also be cooled down effectively. The cooling jacket 19A can use not only its top surface on which the cooling water path 19 is formed, but also its bottom surface 191 as cooling surfaces. And because the power conversion apparatus 200 employs the three-layer structure as described above, the first area S1 is formed closer to the bottom surface 191 and the inverter device 43 can be fastened to the bottom surface 191. This is why the top and bottom surfaces of the cooling jacket 19A can be used as cooling surfaces and both the cooling jacket 19A and the apparatus 200 itself can be reduced in size.
In order to improve the heat conductivity, the heat releasing components (the CPU 212, the control power sources 204 and 178, and the driver circuits 174 and 174B) should preferably be disposed on the substrates 20 and 22 as shown in
If those heat generation components are not disposed on the boards 20 and 22 as described above, the local temperatures are apt to rise at their positions, thereby the practical heat transmission area is narrowed with respect to the metal base plate 11. On the other hand, when those heat generation components are disposed as shown in
By employing such a co-fastening structure for the apparatus 200, a large contact area can be secured between the metal base plate 11 and the apparatus casing 12, thereby the heat conductivity from the metal base plate 11 to the apparatus casing 12 is improved. In addition, the assembling workability is improved. Particularly, when compared with the case in which the metal base plate 11 is fastened to the boss 419 in the apparatus casing 12 as shown in
The heat generated from the driving circuit board 22 is transmitted to the heat releasing part 812, the heat releasing plate 818, the supporting wall 816, and the cooling jacket 19A, and finally released into the cooling water as shown with an arrow line. In each of the structures shown in
In a process of assembling the apparatus 200, when the connector 21 is fastened to the apparatus casing 12 beforehand, then the metal base plate 11 to which the control circuit board 20 is fastened is disposed on the apparatus casing 12, the lead terminals 21a are engaged with their counterparts of the socket 822 provided for the control circuit board 20, thereby they are electrically connected to each other. This makes it easier to connect the connector 21 of the apparatus casing 12 to the control circuit board 20, thereby the workability is improved.
In the first variation shown in
The guide board 11d is extended down obliquely from the lower surface of the metal base plate 11 to reach around the inner peripheral surface of the apparatus casing 12 under the opening 834. Consequently, when the tip of the signal cable 830 is inserted into the opening 11e of the metal base plate 11, the tip is guided to the lower right part while in contact with the guide board 11d, thereby the tip can be taken out easily toward the current sensor 180 through the opening 834 formed in the apparatus casing side wall. The signal cable connection can thus be made easily. Although the signal cable 830 of the current sensor 180 is picked up as an example in the above description, the same guide board can be provided to make the connection of the cable 832 easier even when the signal cable 102 of the connector 21 (see
For example, if the metal base plate 11 and the upper case 10 are fastened to the apparatus casing 12 respectively, a coat of liquid sealing material 838 is applied to both the top end of the apparatus casing 12 and the top surface sealing part of the metal base plate 11 with use of a dispenser or the like. Then, the metal base plate 11 and the upper case 10 are put on the apparatus casing 12 sequentially and fastened with bolts or the like. In the fastening process, the liquid sealing material 838, if it is applied excessively, is often protruded to the inner and outer peripheries of the casing. In such a case, the sealing material 838 might be adhered to the control circuit board 20 and other mounted parts, causing troubles and defects.
In the example shown in
Here, a description has been made for the protrusion of the liquid sealing material 838 from the connection part between the upper case 10 and the casing 12. The same preventive wall can also be provided at the connection part between the lower case 16 and the casing 12 to prevent the spread liquid sealing material 838 from affecting the built-in parts adversely.
If any tall parts must be mounted on the driving circuit board 22 and if the distance between the driving circuit board 22 and the metal base plate 11 is set in accordance with the height of those parts, the height of the apparatus casing 12 also comes to increase, thereby the total size of the apparatus 200 comes to be expanded. In order to avoid this, the apparatus 200 should employ the structure as shown in
The embodiment of the present invention having been described above will have the following effects.
(1) As shown in
(2) Furthermore, as shown in
(4) Because the driving circuit board 22 is fastened to a surface closer to the second area S2 of the metal base plate 11, the control circuit board 20 is fastened to a surface closer to the third area S3 of the metal base plate 11, and the heat generated from the boards 20 and 22 is released to the metal base plate 11, the heat releasing performance is improved.
(5) Furthermore, because a heat releasing material 812 is disposed between at least one of the driving circuit board 22 and the control circuit board 20 and the metal base plate 11, the performance of the heat releasing to the metal base plate 11 is improved.
(6) Disposition of the control power sources 178 and 214, the driver circuits 174A and 174B, and the CPU 212 is determined so that the control power sources 178 and 214 included in the driver circuits 174A and 174B, as well as the driver circuits 174A and 174B disposed on the driving circuit board 22 do not face the control power sources 214 and the CPU 212 included in the control circuit 172 and disposed on the control circuit board 20. Because the heat generation components are disposed all over the metal base plate 11 so as not to be put one upon another in the vertical direction, the practical heat transmission area with respect to the metal base plate 11 is expanded, thereby the heat releasing performance is improved.
(7) Because the heat releasing plate 818 that is thermally in contact with the cooling jacket 19A is disposed between each of the two power modules 300 and the driving circuit board 22 while a heat releasing material 812 is provided between the heat releasing plate 818 and the driving circuit board 22, the thermal path from the driving circuit board 22 to the cooling jacket 19A is shortened, thereby the heat releasing performance is improved.
(8) The metal base plate 11 is provided with the opening 11e through which the signal cable 830 passes and with the guide part extended from the metal base plate 11 to near the inner periphery of the apparatus casing 12 and used to guide the signal cable 830 inserted into the opening 834 from the third area S3 toward the connection part, the wiring and connecting works are simplified.
(9) As shown in
(10) As shown in
(11) As shown in
This embodiment can also be combined with any one or more variations described above in any form.
While the preferred forms of the present invention have been described, it is to be understood that modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, although the inverter device 43 and the inverter circuit of each power module 300 are all provided as 3-phase output ones in the embodiment described above, they may not be limited only to them.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2008-195341 | Jul 2008 | JP | national |
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 15/854,394, filed Dec. 26, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/741,855, filed Jun. 17, 2015, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,888,591, issued Feb. 6, 2018, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/504,974, filed Oct. 2, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,095,079, issued Jul. 28, 2015, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/743,593, filed Jan. 17, 2013, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,863,869, issued Oct. 21, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/546,002, filed Jul. 11, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,376,069, issued Feb. 19, 2013, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/475,203, filed May 29, 2009, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,240,411, issued Aug. 14, 2012, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-195341, filed Jul. 29, 2008, all disclosures of which are expressly incorporated by reference herein.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 15854394 | Dec 2017 | US |
Child | 16199853 | US | |
Parent | 14741855 | Jun 2015 | US |
Child | 15854394 | US | |
Parent | 14504974 | Oct 2014 | US |
Child | 14741855 | US | |
Parent | 13743593 | Jan 2013 | US |
Child | 14504974 | US | |
Parent | 13546002 | Jul 2012 | US |
Child | 13743593 | US | |
Parent | 12475203 | May 2009 | US |
Child | 13546002 | US |