The present disclosure relates to a power distribution architecture and an aircraft comprising a power distribution architecture, in particular for the power distribution among cabin and cargo loads in an aircraft.
Modern aircraft power distribution architectures usually employ solid state power controller (SSPC) devices. The underlying principle for a SSPC is based upon one or more semiconductor switching devices coupled in series with a sensing device for detecting the switch current. Depending on the detected switch current by the sensing device, a control unit is configured to implement guarding functions for the switching devices in case of a failure in any of the components of the SSPC device.
Such SSPC devices are usually employed in so-called secondary power distribution boxes (SPDBs) of aircraft which provide cabin and cargo loads of the aircraft with electrical power. In order to ensure operation safety of the aircraft the power supply lines are commonly additionally protected by so-called remote controlled circuit breakers (RCCBs) which are implemented in the power supply lines between the power supply and the SPDBs and which protect the loads against overloading in the case of insulation or equipment faults.
Supply lines are usually designed with a specific load capacity so that after exceeding the maximum load capacity the respective RCCBs and SSPCs will trip and cause the power supply for the respective power supply line to be shut down. Depending on the type of aircraft, multiple cabin and cargo loads will have to be supplied with power. A trade-off has usually to be made between the number of separately protected power supply lines and the number of loads commonly supplied by a single supply line. The usage of loads in an aircraft may vary a lot, particularly depending on the flight phase, the time of the day, the types of loads and similar circumstances. Thus, load management in an aircraft is a daunting task.
The document WO 2010/037934 A2 discloses methods and systems for supplying and distributing electrical power of several sources on a power network while ensuring the continuity of power supply in the case of a failure or interruption of one of the sources.
However, there is still a need for solutions which optimizes load management with as little additional hardware and safety-relevant components as possible.
A first aspect of the disclosure is directed to a power distribution architecture, comprising at least one power distribution box including at least two solid state power controllers, SSPCs, at least two main power supply lines, each of the main power supply lines being coupled to a respective one of the SSPCs and being configured to supply power to the respective one of the SSPCs, at least two main remote controlled circuit breakers, RCCBs, each of the at least two main RCCBs being coupled in a respective one of the main power supply lines, and at least one balancing RCCB coupled in a power balancing path connected between two of the main power supply lines.
A second aspect of the disclosure is directed to an aircraft, comprising a power distribution architecture according to the first aspect of the disclosure.
One idea on which the present disclosure is based is to combine the advantages of power supply line separation for loads or load groups with selective interconnectivity between separate power supply lines via protection elements in load balancing paths.
Advantageously, this achieves power supply line redundancy for different loads or load groups so that the peak load is increased. Thus, loads may be more flexibly associated with load groups while keeping the number of overall load groups larger. In the event of failure, defect or overload in one of the loads or load groups the remaining load groups may continue to operate.
More importantly, this effect is achieved without significant additional wiring requirements which lead to less space taken up and less weight being generated by the power distribution architecture. Weight saving is particularly advantageous for applications in aviation and avionics.
Furthermore, the parallel power supply line topology with security enhanced interconnection lines allows for the selective shutdown of specific power supply lines and their associated load groups, respectively. This is especially advantageous for separating safety-critical and non-safety-critical loads like flight entertainment systems or ground supply loads on one hand and fire protections systems or emergency lighting systems on the other.
According to an embodiment of the power distribution architecture, the power distribution architecture may further comprise a power supply coupled to the at least two main power supply lines and configured to provide power to the SSPCs.
The disclosure will be explained in greater detail with reference to exemplary embodiments depicted in the drawings as appended.
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. Other embodiments of the present disclosure and many of the intended advantages of the present disclosure will be readily appreciated as they become better understood by reference to the following detailed description. The elements of the drawings are not necessarily to scale relative to each other. Like reference numerals designate corresponding similar parts.
In the figures, like reference numerals denote like or functionally like components, unless indicated otherwise. Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that a variety of alternate and/or equivalent implementations may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Generally, this application is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed herein.
Each of the power supply lines 2a and 2b may be coupled to a respective SSPC or SSPC group 6a or 6b, respectively, i.e. the SSPCs or SSPC groups 6a and 6b are electrically separate from each other and the power supply of each of the SSPCs or SSPC groups 6a and 6b is secured via a corresponding one of the main power supply lines 2a and 2b, respectively.
In each of the main power supply lines 2a and 2b a remote controlled circuit breaker (RCCB) 3a and 3b is coupled in the current path between the power supply 1 and the power distribution box 6. Between at least two of the main power supply lines 2a and 2b a balancing remote controlled circuit breaker, RCCB, 5a may be coupled in a power balancing path 5 connected between the two main power supply lines 2a and 2b. Since the power supply lines 2a and 2b are commonly running approximately along the whole length of an aircraft with the power supply 1 being connected at the end of the aircraft's nose, the power balancing path 5 may advantageously be provided at the opposite end near the rear of the aircraft.
Each of the SSPCs or SSPCs groups 6a and 6b may couple the power supply 1 with loads or load groups 8a and 8b, respectively. The SSPCs 6a and 6b may for example be hardware components including one or more controllable circuit breaking components which have to be enabled for the SSPC device to provide power from the power supply 1 to a particular one of the electrical loads 8a or 8b. The SSPCs 6a, 6b may be under control of a controlling unit that monitors the operational state of the elements of the SSPCs 6a, 6b. In particular, when any failure, defect or irregularity is detected that might lead to potential overloads or other harm to the associated electrical components of the power distribution architecture 10 the controlling unit is able to take measures to shut down the power supply 1 and/or the SSPCs 6a, 6b for safety reasons. Usually, the required failure rates and failure response times are bounded by upper limits set by official regulations of aviation associations.
The power supply 1 may for example be a generator, a fuel cell or a high voltage battery or accumulator, and may supply an input AC or DC voltage to the power distribution architecture 10. In the power distribution architecture 10 of
The additional RCCB 5a is used to protect the wiring in the case of a failure, defect or overload. An overload would isolate the respective main power supply line 5 due to first the additional RCCB 5a opening and in short succession the respective main RCCB 3a or 3b. After such an overload event the power distribution box 6 is configured to shed all loads which may lead to an overload of the remaining main power supply lines 2a or 2b, while the remaining loads or load groups 8a and 8b remain operable.
Each of the main power supply lines 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d branches of at respective distribution nodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d to two power distribution boxes 6 and 7 with respective SSPCs or SSPCs groups 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d and 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d. The SSPCs 6a to 6d and 7a to 7d are configured to supply loads or load groups 8a to 8d and 9a to 9d, respectively, in each case.
All main power supply lines 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d may be interconnected at a common neutral point. The interconnection lines to the common neutral point may be power balancing paths 5 as well with additional RCCBs 5a, 5b and 5c—one for each interconnection between two main power supply lines 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d—coupled between the neutral point and the distribution nodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d. It may also be possible to provide power balancing paths between the distribution nodes 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d for two of the power distribution boxes 6, 7 as well.
It may also be possible to provide a respective additional RCCB 5a, 5b, 5c in each of the main power supply lines 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, i.e. four additional RCCBs in the architecture shown in
The number of power distribution boxes 6, 7 is exemplarily shown as two in
In the foregoing detailed description, various features are grouped together in one or more examples or examples with the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. It is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications and equivalents. Many other examples will be apparent to one skilled in the art upon reviewing the above specification.
The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the disclosure and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. In the appended claims and throughout the specification, the terms “including” and “in which” are used as the plain-English equivalents of the respective terms “comprising” and “wherein,” respectively. Furthermore, “a” or “one” does not exclude a plurality in the present case.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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13 185149.5 | Sep 2013 | EP | regional |