TREA

Power factor corrected UPS with improved connection of battery to neutral

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Information

  • Patent Grant
  • 6400586
  • Patent Number
    6,400,586
  • Date Filed
    Tuesday, March 20, 2001
    23 years ago
  • Date Issued
    Tuesday, June 4, 2002
    22 years ago
Information
Abstract
An uninterrupted power supply (UPS) device with uninterrupted neutral from input to output utilizes the same converter for converting rectified AC power and battery power to positive and negative high voltage (HV) rails. A simple circuit is utilized for connecting the battery to the conversion components of the PFC circuit without adverse affect on the performance of the PFC circuit, and while holding the battery substantially connected to neutral. In a first embodiment, the circuit comprises a simple combination of four diodes and a pair of high pass capacitors arranged so that in both power line and battery supply modes the battery is balanced around neutral. In a second, preferred embodiment, one terminal of the battery is connected directly to neutral.
Description




BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION




1. Field of the Invention




This invention relates to uninterrupted power supply (UPS) apparatus and, more particularly, to a power factor corrected UPS maintaining integrity of the connection from power line neutral to an output load terminal.




2. Description of the Prior Art




UPS systems are now widely used to provide a secure supply of power to critical loads such as computers, so that if the line voltage varies or is interrupted, power to the load is maintained at an adequate level and is not lost. The UPS conventionally comprises a rectifier circuit for providing a DC voltage from the AC power lines; an inverter for inverting the DC voltage back to an AC voltage corresponding to the input, for delivery to the load; and a battery and a connection circuit for connecting battery power to the input of the DC to AC inverter, so that when reliable AC power is lost the delivery of AC power to the load is substantially unaffected. In such an UPS, it is highly desirable to maintain an uninterrupted neutral from the commercial AC utility power to each component circuit and to the load, e.g., in order to eliminate shock hazards. Because of the inherent nature and mode of operation of typical UPS systems, conventional UPS designs did not maintain the integrity of the neutral through the processing circuitry, requiring some type of isolation means such as isolation transformer to re-establish the neutral at the load. U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,861, assigned to the assignee of this invention, provides an UPS wherein the electrical continuity of an electrical conductor is maintained from one terminal of the AC utility through to one of the load terminals, without any isolation means being required.




The problem with maintaining integrity of the neutral is further complicated in a UPS having a power factor correction circuit. The task of connecting the battery to neutral is simple in a power supply unit without a PFC circuit, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,823,247. But as is well known, there are important reasons for incorporating power factor correction (PFC) into an UPS. And, the incorporation of such a PFC circuit imposes additional difficulties upon the goal of maintaining integrity of a neutral connection from the power line to the load. A design for achieving an uninterrupted power supply system having a PFC circuit is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,980,812, also assigned to the assignee of this invention.




It is recognized that maintaining the integrity of the neutral in an UPS offers advantages of lower cost, due to lack of need for isolation means, and higher reliability. Because of the design criterion of an undisturbed neutral, an UPS with a PFC circuit has heretofore required three converters. As seen in

FIG. 1

, such a prior art apparatus contains a converter as part of the power factor correction circuit, the output of which provides DC on a positive high voltage (HV) rail and independent negative HV rail respectively relative to the neutral line. The DC-AC inverter is necessarily a second converter, and, a third converter circuit has been necessary to connect the DC from the battery to the HV rails. Prior art attempts to combine the battery converter with the PFC converter have always resulted in either an isolated UPS, wherein the neutral is not maintained, or some circuit arrangement for connecting the DC output of the battery into an AC voltage which could be utilized by the AC to DC converter portion of the PFC circuit. For safety reasons, it is desirable to effectively connect the battery to the neutral, which leaves an unfulfilled need for an efficient and reliable manner of translating the battery output to the HV rails. The design solution of having a third converter of some different kind, or the option of using an isolation transformer, both have obvious disadvantages. The problem is thus how to provide that the converted output from the PFC circuit, as well as the battery output, can be independently loaded and still balanced around neutral to the plus and minus HV rails without using a separate converter of some sort for each. Stated differently, the problem for which a solution has not heretofore been known is how to connect the battery to the rails utilizing the PFC converter, while effectively maintaining a connection from the battery to neutral.




SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION




It is an object of this invention to provide a power factor corrected UPS which maintains neutral integrity from the input of the UPS to an output terminal to which the load is connected, the UPS device having a simple and efficient circuit for connecting the battery to the converter of the PFC circuit, whereby whenever the battery provides output power due to deterioration of the utility line voltage, battery voltage is converted through the PFC converter and delivered to the high voltage rails. The UPS achieving this object provides an uninterrupted neutral from its input connection to the AC power line through to an output terminal for connection to the load, balances the battery around neutral, and achieves supply of the battery power independently to the high voltage rails without the need of an independent battery to HV rail converter, or the need for any isolation means.




In a first embodiment, a four diode-two capacitor circuit is used to connect the battery to the PFC converter. During normal operation when the UPS is drawing power from the utility line, the battery is balanced around neutral and is maintained no more than one forward diode drop away from neutral. By using a battery with a voltage less than one-half of the peak of the incoming AC voltage, the PFC circuit is substantially unaffected so that power factors greater than 0.9 can be achieved. During loss of AC input, when the UPS runs on battery, switching elements of the PFC converter are independently turned on and off, enabling conversion of the battery voltage through the PFC converter circuitry to the HV lines. In a second, preferred embodiment, one terminal of the battery is connected directly to neutral, and the other terminal is connected through a normally open switch and a diode to the converting circuit. The switch is closed when low AC power line voltage is sensed. Both embodiments thus enable elimination of a separate converter for the battery while preserving the advantages of prior art. power factor corrected UPS devices maintaining integrity of the neutral connection from input to load.











BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS





FIG. 1

is a simplified block diagram showing the primary components of a prior art power factor corrected UPS.





FIG. 2

is a simplified circuit diagram of a power factor corrected UPS with neutral integrity, and illustrating the problem of connecting the battery to the HV rails without the aid of a converter dedicated to the battery.





FIG. 3

is a circuit diagram showing a first embodiment of the improved connection circuit of this invention, whereby the battery is connected to the converter of the PFC circuit while maintaining the battery balanced around neutral.





FIGS. 4A and 4B

are circuit diagrams illustrating a cycle of operation when the UPS of

FIG. 3

is drawing power from the AC input, and the line or energized AC input terminal is positive relative to the neutral terminal.





FIGS. 5A and 5B

are circuit diagrams illustrating a cycle of operation when the UPS of

FIG. 3

is drawing power from the AC input, and the line or energized AC input terminal is negative relative to the neutral terminal.





FIGS. 6A and 6B

illustrate operation of the improved UPS circuit of

FIG. 3

during a condition of unacceptable AC input and UPS battery operation.





FIG. 7A

is a circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein one terminal of the battery is connected directly to neutral.





FIGS. 7B and 7C

are circuit diagrams illustrating a cycle of battery-driven operation for the circuit of FIG.


7


A.











DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS




Referring now to

FIG. 2

, there is shown a circuit diagram of a typical power factor corrected UPS with an uninterrupted neutral from input to output. The AC input is connected to the UPS at two input terminals, one of which is marked “line” and the other of which is marked “neutral.” The neutral line is connected by an uninterrupted conductor to one of two output terminals, across which AC output power is delivered. The AC input signal is connected across a first capacitor C


1


. The line terminal is connected to rectifier diodes D


1


and D


2


. D


1


is in series with inductor L


1


, the other side of L


1


being connected through switching transistor Q


1


to neutral. D


2


is connected in series with inductor L


2


, the other side of L


2


being connected through switching transistor Q


2


to neutral. The input terminals


31


,


32


are driven by switch control means


33


such as illustrated in

FIG. 1

of U.S. Pat. No. 4,980,812, incorporated herein by reference. Transistors Q


1


and Q


2


of

FIG. 2

correspond to transistors


86


and


88


seen in

FIG. 1

of the referenced patent. Transistors Q


1


and Q


2


are driven in such a manner as to achieve a power factor close to 1.0, and to maintain needed voltage across C


2


and C


3


. Inductor L


1


is also connected through diode D


3


and capacitor C


2


to neutral; and inductor L


2


is connected through diode D


4


and capacitor C


3


to neutral. When Q


1


is turned off after it has been conducting, current is passed through L


1


and D


3


to charge capacitor C


2


, maintaining positive voltage on the +HV rail


35


. Likewise, when Q


2


is turned off after having been turned on during a negative swing of the line voltage, current from inductor L


2


passes through diode D


4


and charges capacitor C


3


, maintaining negative voltage on high V rail


36


.




Still referring to

FIG. 2

, HV rails


35


and


36


have connected therebetween transistor switches Q


3


and Q


4


in series, which are driven at input terminals


38


and


39


by a reference signal in a well known manner, so as to alternately switch on during respective half cycles of positive and negative going voltage. Diode D


5


is placed across transistor Q


3


, and diode D


6


is placed across transistor Q


4


. The switched voltage appearing at the node between transistors Q


3


and Q


4


is connected to filtering inductor L


3


, and the AC output which appears across capacitor C


4


drives the load


40


connected between line out and neutral.




Battery


30


is shown in

FIG. 2

, having its negative terminal connected to neutral, but its positive rib terminal unconnected. The longstanding problem in the art, which this invention meets, is how to connect the battery in tag such a way as to enable generation of the plus and minus HV rails from such battery at the time of AC input line failure. What is needed is a simple but reliable circuit which can utilize the inductor and switching components of the PFC circuit, i.e., inductors L


1


and L


2


, and transistors Q


1


and Q


2


.




Referring now to

FIG. 3

, there is shown an improved circuit which connects the battery to converter elements of the power factor correction circuit of FIG.


2


. In addition to the circuit components illustrated in

FIG. 2

, there is illustrated a battery


30


which is tied at its plus terminal to neutral through diode D


9


, and at its minus terminal to neutral through diode D


10


. Bypass capacitors C


5


and C


6


bridge diodes D


9


and D


10


respectively, and are chosen to have a large capacitance with respect to the switching frequency of switches Q


1


and Q


2


, which is determined by control circuit


33


. The positive terminal of the battery is also connected through D


7


to a node between D


1


and L


1


, and the negative terminal of the battery is connected through diode D


8


to a node between D


2


and L


2


. Instead of connecting Q


1


and Q


2


to neutral as in

FIG. 2

, the emitter of Q


1


is connected to the negative terminal of the battery, while the collector of Q


2


is connected to the positive terminal of the battery. Thus, in terms of extra circuit components, the improved circuit comprises the simple addition of four diodes and two high frequency bypass capacitors. During normal operation the battery is balanced around neutral, and never gets more than a forward biased diode drop away from neutral, e.g., about one-half to three-fourths volts. By utilizing a battery that has a voltage less than one-half the peak of the incoming AC voltage, the power factor correction circuit operates over a sufficiently long portion of each cycle to achieve a power factor greater than 0.9.




Referring now to

FIGS. 4A and 4B

, there are illustrated circuit diagrams showing the equivalent circuit operation under conditions where there is a good input on the AC line, and the input voltage is positive and greater than battery voltage. In

FIG. 4A

, Q


1


is illustrated in an on or closed switch position, and in

FIG. 4B

is illustrated in an off, or open switch position. Note that Q


1


is turned on only when the voltage peak is greater than the battery voltage, such that D


7


is reversed biased. In this condition, as illustrated in referenced patent 4,980,812, capacitor C


2


is shunted by Q


1


and current builds up in inductor L


1


. When Q


1


opens, as shown in

FIG. 4B

, L


1


acts as a current generator and pumps current into capacitor C


2


, building up the DC voltage thereacross.

FIGS. 5A and 5B

show the equivalent circuit diagram when the line terminal is negative and the voltage exceeds the battery voltage. In a similar fashion, when Q


2


is closed and thus shunts C


3


, current builds up through L


2


. When Q


2


is opened, current is pumped from L


2


into capacitor C


3


, thereby generating a negative voltage across C


3


with respect to neutral. These respective operations generate the positive and negative HV rails indicated in

FIG. 3

, in a manner that is substantially unchanged with respect to the embodiment of U.S. Pat. No. 4,980,812. During this typical cycle of operation, forward biased diode D


10


connects current through Q


1


while it is closed, and forward biased diode D


9


is in series with switch Q


2


when it is closed, with the result that the improved circuit has no appreciable impact on the operation of the PFC conversion. During the positive line voltage swing, the negative terminal of the battery is tied to neutral through D


10


; during the negative line voltage swing, the positive terminal of the battery is tied to neutral through D


9


.




Referring now to

FIGS. 6A and 6B

, there are illustrated the effective circuit diagrams for the UPS circuit of this invention during loss of AC input, i.e., at any time when UPS load is being supplied by the battery.




During this time, the improved switching circuit acts to connect the battery to alternately charge C


2


and C


3


so as to maintain the same plus and minus high voltage rails. During such battery back up operation, switches Q


1


and Q


2


are turned on and off independently, by switch control


33


.




When the AC source voltage drops to an unacceptable level, switch control


33


operates to drive Q


1


and Q


2


through on-off cycles, at a duty cycle as required to provide a regulated output. Note that each of Q


1


and Q


2


can be switched independently, as may be required for an unbalanced load (not shown unbalanced). Q


2


is held off (open) while C


2


is charged, and Q


1


is held off while C


3


is charged.




During the period of time that Q


2


is held off, Q


1


is first switched on and then switched off.

FIG. 6A

shows Q


2


off and Q


1


switched on. Under these circumstances, current flows from the battery through diode D


7


, inductor L


1


, and back through switch Q


1


to the negative terminal of the battery, building up current flow in inductor L


1


. At the same time, remaining current through L


2


is discharged through diode D


8


, diode D


10


, capacitor C


3


and diode D


4


. When Q


1


is turned off (FIG.


6


B), the build up of current is passed through diode D


3


into capacitor C


2


, charging it positively with respect to neutral. The current through C


2


returns through diode D


9


. At the same time, current from battery


30


goes around the outer loop of the circuit shown, i.e., through D


7


, L


1


, D


3


, C


2


, C


3


, D


4


, L


2


and D


8


. Following this, the sequence is reversed such that Q


1


is turned off, and Q


2


is alternatingly turned on and off, resulting in the reverse operation which builds up the negative voltage across capacitor C


3


. During the battery supply of the output voltage, if capacitor C


2


and C


3


are loaded in a balanced manner, and if C


5


and C


6


have large capacitance for the switching frequency, then the voltage across each of capacitors C


5


and C


6


is held substantially constant and has a value of approximately one-half the voltage of the battery. To the extent that C


2


and C


3


loading becomes unbalanced, the ratio of the voltages across C


5


and C


6


likewise is unbalanced.




Referring now to

FIG. 7A

, there is shown a preferred circuit. In this embodiment, battery


30


has one terminal (illustrated as the negative terminal) connected to neutral. The other terminal is connected through switch Si to D


7


. switch S


1


is normally open, but is closed by control


33


whenever low line voltage is detected, in a conventional manner. Compared to

FIG. 3

, diode D


10


and capacitor C


6


are eliminated, and switch S


1


is added.

FIGS. 7B and 7C

illustrate the circuit action when the load is battery-driven. In

FIG. 7B

, each of switches Q


1


and Q


2


are closed, such that current flows from battery


30


to each inductor L


1


, L


2


. In

FIG. 7C

, Q


1


and Q


2


are each switched open, so that current flows from L


1


to C


2


, and from L


2


to C


3


. In this embodiment as well, switch control


30


can drive Q


1


and Q


2


independently when the UPS is in the battery-driving mode due to low source AC voltage.




Both the preferred embodiment of FIG.


7


A and the embodiment of

FIG. 3

illustrate a DC to AC converter (utilizing transistors Q


3


, Q


4


), for providing uninterrupted AC output. However, the invention also applies to a supply for providing a DC output, such that no DC to AC inverter is utilized. Thus, in general, the invention comprises an output circuit between the HV rails and the output terminals.




There is thus illustrated a very simple, inexpensive and reliable circuit which achieves the object of connecting the battery to an UPS having an uninterrupted neutral from input to output, the battery connection being made in such a way as to utilize the PFC circuit for conversion of the battery voltage during times when the battery is supplying output load. At the same time, the circuit ties one terminal of the battery to neutral, or holds the battery balanced around neutral, and does not adversely affect performance of the PFC circuit. The invention thus achieves the object of allowing the battery to be connected to neutral at all times, while utilizing the PFC circuit to convert the battery output to the HV lines at the time of AC power source failure.



Claims
  • 1. An uninterruptible power supply (UPS) apparatus, comprising:a power factor correcting converter circuit, configured to connect to an AC power source and to a battery, that generates a DC output voltage from the AC power source in an AC powered mode and that generates the DC output voltage from the battery in a DC powered mode.
  • 2. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:an output circuit, electrically coupled to the power factor correcting converter circuit, that generates an AC output voltage at a load from the DC output voltage; and a neutral connecting the AC power source and the load.
  • 3. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit and the output circuit produce the AC output voltage without isolating the load from the AC power source.
  • 4. An apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the output circuit comprises an inverter.
  • 5. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the power factor correcting circuit generates the DC output voltage from the AC power source in the AC powered mode and from the battery in the battery powered mode using a common inductor and a common switching circuit.
  • 6. An apparatus according to claim 1:wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit produces the DC output voltage at a DC output port including first and second DC output nodes; and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit includes a first inductor electrically coupled to the first DC output node and a second inductor electrically coupled to the second DC output node, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit in the AC powered mode increases and decreases current through the first and second inductors from the AC power source port responsive to a first input to generate the DC output voltage, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit in the battery powered mode increases and decreases current through the first and second inductors from the battery responsive to a second input to generate the DC output voltage.
  • 7. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit selectively couples the first and second inductors to the AC power source and the battery responsive to a third input.
  • 8. An apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit selectively couples the first and second inductors to the AC power source and the battery responsive to an AC input voltage at the AC input port.
  • 9. An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit switches respective shunt paths between respective ones of the first and second inductors and the AC power source to charge a capacitance coupled to the DC output port in the AC powered mode, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit switches respective shunt paths between respective ones of the first and second inductors and the battery to charge the capacitance at the DC output port in the DC powered mode.
  • 10. A power conversion apparatus, comprising:an AC input port; first and second voltage rails; a DC input port; an output port; a power factor correcting converter circuit having an input and an output that is connected to the first and second voltage rails, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit generates a DC voltage across the first and second voltage rails from a voltage at the input of the power factor correcting converter circuit; and a connection circuit, coupled to the AC input port, to the DC input port and to the input of the power factor correcting converter circuit, that selectively couples the AC input port and the DC input port to the input of the power factor correcting converter circuit.
  • 11. An apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising an output circuit, coupled to the first and second DC voltage rails, that produces an AC output voltage at an AC output port from respective first and second DC voltages at the first and second voltage rails, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit and the output circuit maintain neutral integrity between the AC input port and the AC output port.
  • 12. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the connection circuit selectively couples the AC input port and the DC input port to the input of the power factor correcting converter circuit responsive to an AC input voltage at the AC input port.
  • 13. An apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit produces respective DC voltages at the first and second voltage rails from an AC input voltage at the AC input port when the AC input voltage is in a first state, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit produces respective DC voltages at the first and second voltage rails from a DC input voltage at the DC input port when the AC input voltage is in a second state.
  • 14. An apparatus according to claim 13:wherein the AC input port comprises first and second AC input nodes; wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit comprises: a first inductor having a first node coupled to the first voltage rail; and a second inductor having a first node coupled to the second voltage rail; and wherein the connection circuit, when the AC input voltage is in the first state, is operative to couple a second node of the first inductor to the first AC input node and to couple a second node of the second inductor to the first AC input node; and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit, when the AC input voltage is in the first state, is operative to couple and decouple the first node of the first inductor to and from the second AC input node, and to couple and decouple the first node of the second inductor to and from the second AC input node.
  • 15. An apparatus according to claim 14:wherein the DC input port comprises first and second DC input nodes; and wherein the connection circuit, when the AC input voltage is in the second state, is operative to couple the second node of the first inductor to the first DC input node and to couple the second node of the second inductor to the second DC input node; and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit, when the AC input voltage is in the second state, is operative to couple and decouple the first node of the first inductor to and from the second DC input node, and to couple and decouple the second node of the second inductor to and from the first DC input node.
  • 16. An apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising an output circuit, coupled to the first and second DC voltage rails, that produces an AC output voltage from respective first and second DC voltages at the first and second voltage rails.
  • 17. An apparatus according to claim 10, further comprising a battery coupled to the DC input port.
  • 18. A power conversion apparatus, comprising:an AC input port; a DC input port; a DC output port including first and second DC output nodes; and a power factor correcting converter circuit including a first inductor electrically coupled to the first DC output node and a second inductor electrically coupled to the second DC output node, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit in an AC powered mode increases and decreases current through the first and second inductors from the AC input port responsive to a first input to generate a DC output voltage at the DC output port from an AC power source at the AC input port, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit in a DC powered mode increases and decreases current through the first and second inductors from the DC input port responsive to a second input to generate a DC output voltage at the DC output port from a DC power source at the DC input port.
  • 19. An apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising an output circuit, coupled to the DC output port, that produces an AC output voltage at an AC output port from a DC voltage at the DC output port, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit and the output circuit maintain neutral integrity between the AC input port and the AC output port.
  • 20. An apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the converter circuit selectively couples the first and second inductors to the AC input port and the DC input port responsive to a third input.
  • 21. An apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the converter circuit selectively couples the first and second inductors to the AC input port and the DC input port responsive to an AC input voltage at the AC input port.
  • 22. An apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit switches respective shunt paths between respective ones of the first and second inductors to the AC input port to charge a capacitance coupled to the DC output port in the AC powered mode, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit switches respective shunt paths between respective ones of the first and second inductors and the DC input port to charge the capacitance at the DC output port in the DC powered mode.
  • 23. An apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising a capacitor coupled to the DC output port, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit switches respective shunt paths between respective ones of the first and second inductors and the AC input port to charge the capacitor in the AC powered mode, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit switches respective shunt paths between respective ones of the first and second inductors from the AC input port to charge the capacitor in the DC powered mode.
  • 24. An apparatus according to claim 18:wherein a first node of the first inductor is coupled to the first DC output node; wherein a first node of the second inductor is coupled to the second DC output node; and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit comprises: a first current control circuit, coupled to the first DC input node and to a second node of the first inductor, that passes current between the first DC input node and the second node of the first inductor in the DC powered mode; a second current control circuit, coupled to the second DC input node and to a second node of the second inductor, that passes current between the second node of the second inductor and the second DC input node in the DC powered mode; a first switch that couples and decouples the first node of the first inductor and the second DC input node responsive to a first control signal in the DC powered mode; and a second switch that couples and decouples the first node of the second inductor and the first DC input node responsive to a second control signal in the DC powered mode.
  • 25. An apparatus according to claim 24:wherein the first current control circuit inhibits current flow from the second node of the first inductor to the first DC input node in the AC powered mode; wherein the second current control circuit inhibits current flow from second node of the second inductor to the second DC input node in the AC powered mode; and wherein the first switch couples and decouples the first node of the first inductor to the second AC input node responsive to a third control signal in the AC powered mode.
  • 26. An apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the second switch couples and decouples the first node of the second inductor to the second AC input node responsive to a fourth control signal in the AC powered mode.
  • 27. An apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the first and second current control circuits comprise respective first and second diodes that couple respective ones of the first and second DC input nodes to respective ones of the second nodes of the first and second inductors.
  • 28. An apparatus according to claim 24, wherein at least one of the first and second current control devices comprises a third switch.
  • 29. An apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising a battery coupled to the DC input port.
  • 30. An apparatus according to claim 18, further comprising an inverter coupled to the DC output port.
  • 31. A power conversion apparatus, comprising:an AC input port; a DC input port; a DC output port; and a power factor correcting converter circuit including an inductor coupled to the DC output port, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit has a AC powered mode in which the power factor correcting converter circuit increases and decreases current through the inductor from the AC input port responsive to a first input to generate a DC output voltage at the DC output port from an AC power source at the AC input port, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit has a DC powered mode in which the converter increases and decreases current through the inductor from the DC input port responsive to a second input to generate a DC output voltage at the DC output port from a DC power source at the DC input port.
  • 32. An apparatus according to claim 31, further comprising an output circuit, coupled to the DC output port, that produces an AC output voltage at an AC output port from a DC voltage at the DC output port, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit and the output circuit maintain neutral integrity between the AC input port and the AC output port.
  • 33. An apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit selectively couples the inductor to the AC input port and the DC input port responsive to a third input.
  • 34. An apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit selectively couples the inductor to the AC input port and the DC input port responsive to an AC input voltage at the AC input port.
  • 35. An apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit switches a shunt path between the inductor and the AC input port to charge a capacitance coupled to the DC output port in the AC powered mode, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit switches a shunt path between the inductor and the DC input port to charge the capacitance in the DC powered mode.
  • 36. An apparatus according to claim 31, further comprising a capacitor coupled across the DC output port, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit switches a shunt path between the inductor and the AC input port to charge the capacitor in the AC powered mode, and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit switches a shunt path between the inductor and the DC input port to charge the capacitor in the DC powered mode.
  • 37. An apparatus according to claim 31:wherein the DC output port comprises first and second DC output nodes; wherein the inductor has a first node electrically coupled to the first DC output node; and wherein the power factor correcting converter circuit further comprises: a current control circuit, coupled to the first DC input node and a second node of the inductor, that passes current between the first DC input node and the second node of the inductor in the DC powered mode; and a switch that couples and decouples the first node of the inductor and the second DC input node responsive to a control signal in the DC powered mode.
  • 38. An apparatus according to claim 37:wherein the current control circuit inhibits current flow from the second node of the inductor to the first DC input node in the AC powered mode; and wherein the switch couples and decouples the first node of the inductor to the second AC input node responsive to the control signal in the AC powered mode.
  • 39. An apparatus according to claim 38, wherein the current control circuit comprises a diode that couples the first DC input node to the second node of the inductor.
  • 40. An apparatus according to claim 38, wherein the current control circuit comprises a second switch that controls current flow between the first DC input terminal and the second terminal of the inductor.
  • 41. A power conversion circuit comprising:an AC input port including first and second AC input nodes; a DC input port including first and second DC input nodes; a DC output port including first and second DC output nodes; a first inductor having a first node electrically coupled to the first DC output node; a second inductor having a first node electrically coupled to the second DC output port; a first current control circuit, electrically coupled to the first AC input node, the first DC input node and a second node of the first inductor, that controls current flow between the first AC input node and the second node of the first inductor and current flow between the first DC input node and the second node of the inductor responsive to an input; a second current control circuit, electrically coupled to the second AC input node, the second DC input node and the second node of the second inductor, that controls current flow between the second AC input node and the second node of the second inductor and current flow between the second DC input node and the second node of the second inductor responsive to the input; a first switching circuit that selectively couples and decouples the first node of the first inductor to and from at least one of the second DC input node and the second AC input node responsive to a first control signal; a second switching circuit that selectively couples and decouples the first node of the second inductor to and from at least one of the first DC input node and the second AC input node responsive to a second control signal; and a control circuit that generates the first and second control signals such that a desired power factor is maintained at the AC input port.
  • 42. A circuit according to claim 41, further comprising:an output circuit, coupled to the DC output port, that produces an AC output voltage at an AC output port from a DC voltage at the DC output port; and a neutral connection between the AC input port and the AC output port.
  • 43. A circuit according to claim 41:wherein the first switching circuit is electrically coupled to the first current control circuit through the first inductor; and wherein the second switching circuit is electrically coupled to the second current control circuit through the second inductor.
  • 44. A circuit according to claim 41:wherein the first current control circuit passes current between the first DC input node and the second node of the first inductor while inhibiting current flow between the first AC input node and the second node of the first inductor responsive to a first state of the input; wherein the first current control circuit passes current between the first AC input node and the second node of the first inductor while inhibiting current flow between the first DC input node and the second node of the inductor responsive to a second state of the input; wherein the second current control circuit passes current between the second node of the second inductor and the second DC input node while inhibiting current flow between the second node of the inductor and the second DC input node responsive to the first state of the input; and wherein the second current control circuit inhibits current flow between the second node of the second inductor and the second DC input node responsive to the second state of the input.
  • 45. A circuit according to claim 41, wherein the input comprises an AC input voltage at the AC input port.
  • 46. A power conversion circuit, comprising:an AC input port including an AC input node and a common node; a DC input port including a DC input node and the common node; a DC output port including a DC output node and the common node; an inductor having a first node electrically coupled to the DC output node; a current control circuit, electrically coupled to the AC input node, the DC input node and a second node of the inductor, that controls current flow between the AC input node and the second node of the inductor and current flow between the DC input node and the second node of the inductor responsive to an input; a switching circuit that selectively couples and decouples the first node of the inductor and the common node responsive to a control signal; and a control circuit that generates the control signal such that operation of the switching circuit maintains a desired power factor at the AC input port.
  • 47. A circuit according to claim 46, further comprising:an output circuit, coupled to the DC output port, that produces an AC output voltage at an AC output port from a DC voltage at the DC output port; and a neutral connection between the AC input port and the AC output port.
  • 48. A circuit according to claim 46, wherein the switching circuit is electrically coupled to the current control circuit through the inductor.
  • 49. A circuit according to claim 46:wherein the current control circuit passes current between the DC input node and the second node of the inductor while inhibiting current flow between the AC input node and the second node of the inductor responsive to a first state of the input; and wherein the current control circuit passes current between the AC input node and the second node of the inductor while inhibiting current flow between the DC input node and the second node of the inductor responsive to a second state of the input.
  • 50. A circuit according to claim 46, wherein the input comprises an AC input voltage at the AC input port.
  • 51. A method of operating a power converter including an AC input port, a DC input port, a DC output port, a first inductor electrically coupled to a first DC output node of the DC output port, and a second inductor electrically coupled to a second DC output node of the DC output port, the method comprising:increasing and decreasing current through the first and second inductors from an AC power source at the AC input port responsive to a first input to generate a DC output voltage at the DC output port from the AC power source and to control a power factor at the AC input port; and increasing and decreasing current through the first and second inductors from a DC power source at the DC input port responsive to a second input to generate a DC output voltage at the DC output port from the DC power source.
  • 52. A method according to claim 51, further comprising generating an AC output voltage at an AC output port from the DC voltage generated at the DC output port from the AC power source while maintaining neutral integrity between the AC input port and the AC output port.
  • 53. A method according to claim 51, wherein the first and second inputs comprise first and second conditions of an AC input voltage.
  • 54. A method according to claim 51:wherein increasing and decreasing current through the first and second inductors from an AC power source at the AC input port responsive to a first input comprises switching respective shunt paths between respective ones of the first and second inductors and the AC power source responsive to a first control signal to charge a capacitance at the DC output port; and wherein increasing and decreasing current through the first and second inductors from a DC power source at the DC input port responsive to a second input comprises switching respective shunt paths between respective ones of the first and second inductors and the DC power source responsive to a second control signal to charge the capacitance at the DC output port.
  • 55. A method of operating a power converter having an AC power source coupled to an AC input port, a DC power source coupled to a DC input port, and an inductor coupled to a DC output port, the method comprising:increasing and decreasing a current through the inductor from the AC input port responsive to a first input to generate a DC output voltage at the DC output port from an AC power source at the AC input port and to control a power factor at the AC input port; and increasing and decreasing a current through the inductor from the DC input port responsive to a second input to generate a DC output voltage at the DC output port from a DC power source at the DC input port.
  • 56. A method according to claim 55, further comprising generating an AC output voltage at an AC output port from the DC voltage generated at the DC output port from the AC power source while maintaining neutral integrity between the AC input port and the AC output port.
  • 57. A method according to claim 55, wherein the first and second inputs comprise first and second conditions of a voltage at the AC input port.
  • 58. A method according to claim 55:wherein increasing and decreasing a current through the inductor from the AC input port responsive to a first input comprises switching a shunt path between the inductor and the AC input port to charge a capacitance across the DC output port; wherein increasing and decreasing a current through the inductor from the DC input port responsive to a second input comprises switching a shunt path between the inductor and the DC input port to charge the capacitance across the DC output port in the DC powered mode.
  • 59. A method of operating a power converter coupled to an AC power source at an AC input port including first and second AC input nodes and coupled to a DC power source at first and second DC input nodes, the method comprising:coupling the first AC input node to an output node via an inductor and decoupling the first DC input node from the inductor while intermittently coupling the output node to the second AC input node to generate a DC output voltage at the output node from the AC power source and to correct a power factor at the AC port; and coupling the first DC input node to the output node via the inductor and decoupling the first AC input node from the inductor while intermittently coupling the output node to the second DC input node to generate a DC output voltage at the output node from the DC power source.
  • 60. A method according to claim 59, further comprising generating an AC output voltage across first and second AC output nodes from the DC output voltage generated from the AC power source while maintaining neutral integrity between the second AC input node and the second AC input node.
  • 61. A method according to claim 59, wherein the second node of the AC power source is coupled to the second node of the DC power source.
RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of prior application Ser. No. 09/563,462 filed May 2, 2000, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/038,469 filed Mar. 29, 1993, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,069,412, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.

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4935861 Johnson, Jr. et al. Jun 1990 A
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Continuations (2)
Number Date Country
Parent 09/563462 May 2000 US
Child 09/812993 US
Parent 08/038469 Mar 1993 US
Child 09/563462 US