1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to portable handheld digital audio systems and more particularly to integrated circuits comprising a handheld audio system.
2. Description of Related Art
Handheld digital audio systems are becoming very popular. Such systems include digital audio players/recorders that record and subsequently playback MP3 files, WMA files, et cetera. Such digital audio players/recorders may also be used as digital dictaphones and file transfer devices. Further expansion of digital audio players/recorders includes providing a frequency modulation (“FM”) radio receiver such that the device offers FM radio reception.
Such handheld digital audio systems use a battery (or batteries) to supply power to the circuitry of the device. The greater the circuit power consumption, the shorter the battery life (that is, the length of time a device can be operated before having to replace or charge the battery).
Therefore, a need exists for an integrated circuit that provides multiple functions for handheld devices with power management methodologies.
In operation, when a battery, or other external power source, is initially applied to the radio signal decoder 12 and the digital audio processing IC 14, the DC-DC converter 18 generates a power supply voltage 24 based on an internal oscillation. When the power supply voltage 24 reaches a desired value (for example, near a regulated value), the radio signal decoder IC 12 generates the system clock 26; with the remaining functionality of the radio signal decoder 12 being inactive awaiting enable signal 28 or being activated once the system clock 26 is functioning. Note that enable signal 28 may be provided as part of a digital interface. The radio signal decoder 12 provides the system clock 26 to the audio processing integrated circuit 14. Upon receiving the system clock 26, the DC-DC converter switches from the internal oscillation to the system clock 26 to produce the power supply voltage 24 from a battery voltage, or external power source.
With the system clock 26 functioning, the radio signal decoder IC 12 converts a continuous-time radio signal 16 into left-and-right channel signals 18, which may be analog or digital signals. In one embodiment, the left-and-right channel signals 18 include a left-plus-right (“LPR”) signal and a left-minus-right (“LMR”) signal. The radio signal decoding IC 12 provides the left-and-right channel signals 18 to the digital audio processing IC 14.
The digital audio processing integrated circuit 14, which may be a digital audio player/recorder integrated circuit such as the STMP35XX and/or the STMP36XX digital audio processing system integrated circuits manufactured and distributed by Sigmatel Incorporated, receives the left-and-right channel signals 18 and produces therefrom audio signals 31. The digital audio processing IC 14 may provide the audio signals 31 to a headphone set or other type of speaker output. As an alternative to producing the audio signals 31 from the left-and-right channel signals 18, the digital audio processing integrated circuit 14 process stored MP3 files, stored WMA files, and/or other stored digital audio files to produce the audio signals 31.
The antenna structure 34 includes an antenna, a plurality of capacitors, and an inductor coupled as shown. The continuous-time radio signal 16 is provided from the antenna structure 34 to the radio signal decoder integrated circuit 12. As with the embodiment of
The digital audio processing integrated circuit 14, via the DC-DC converter 18, generates an input/output (I/O) dependent supply voltage 24-1 and an integrated circuit (IC) dependent voltage 24-2 that are supplied to the radio signal decoder IC 12. In one embodiment, the I/O dependent voltage 24-1 is dependent on the supply voltage required for input/output interfacing of the radio signal decoder IC and/or the digital audio processing IC 14 (for example, 3.3 volts) and the IC dependent voltage 24-2 is dependent on the IC process technology used to produce integrated circuits 12 and 14. In an embodiment, the integrated circuit process technology is 0.08 to 0.35 micron CMOS technology where the IC dependent voltage 24-2 is 1.8 volts or less.
The interface between the integrated circuits 12 and 14 further includes a bi-directional interface 32. Such an interface may be a serial interface for the integrated circuits 12 and 14 to exchange control data and/or other type of data, including the enable signal 28. In one embodiment, the bi-directional interface 32 may be one or more serial communication paths that are in accordance with the I2C serial transmission protocol. As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, other serial transmission protocols may be used for the bi-directional interface 32 and the bi-directional interface 32 may include one or more serial transmission paths.
The digital radio interface 78 is operably coupled to the digital radio interface 86 to provide the LPR signal 72, the LMR signal 74, and the RDS data 76 to the digital audio processing integrated circuit 14. For a more detailed discussion of the digital radio interface 78 refer to U.S. patent application entitled CHANNEL INTERFACE FOR CONVEYING DIGITAL DATA HAVING A LOWER DATA RATE, having a filing date of Sep. 9, 2005, and a serial number of Ser. No. 11/222,535, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
Within the radio signal decoder IC 12, the digital radio interface 78 converts the parallel LPR signal 72, LMR signal 74, and RDS data 76 into a serialized data signal 30. The digital radio interface 86 converts the serialized data 30 back into parallel signals for further audio signal processing by the digital audio processing IC 14. Note that the serial-to-parallel and parallel-to-serial functionality of the digital radio interfaces 78 and 86 may be programmable based on the sample rate of the radio signal decoder IC 12, a desired data rate, or other parameters of the ICs 12 and 14 (for example, 44.1 KHz, 48 KHz, multiples thereof, and/or fractions thereof).
The digital radio interface 78 may convey more than left-and-right channel signals, shown as LPR signal 72 and the LMR signal 74. For instance, the digital radio interface 52 may convey RSSI 56, data clock rates, control information, functionality enable/disable signals, functionality regulation and/or control signals, and RDS 76 between the ICs 12 and 14.
The power management module 102 receives a signal quality indicia 60 and a remaining battery-charge indicia 104. The signal quality indicia 60 may be provided by an SNR 54, an RSSI 56, a multi-path echo, adjacent channel interference, et cetera. Based upon the signal quality indicia 60 and/or remaining battery-charge indicia 104, the power management module 102 provides a digital filter enable 106 and an analog conditioning setting 110. The digital filtering enable 106 enables and/or disables at least a portion of the digital filtering operation 108. The power management module 102 adjusts the power consumption to the analog components (for example, via amplifier gain magnitude limits, reduced filter responses, et cetera) of the radio signal decoder IC 12 through digital control channel 84, such as the front end module 66, via the analog conditioning setting 110. The details of the digital filter enable 106 and the analog conditioning setting 110 will be discussed with reference to
In operation, the power management module 102 manages the battery life of a battery power source for the battery-powered handheld audio device 90, in view of the signal quality of the continuous-time radio signal 16 and/or the battery charge level for the device. When the quality of the continuous-time radio signal 16 (for example, the indicia exceed the signal quality threshold 58 (see FIG. 4)), extensive front-end processing of the continuous-time radio signal 16 is not necessary, allowing the power management module 102, via the analog conditioning setting 110, to reduce the gain and/or power of the analog portion of the radio signal decoder IC 12. Also, the power management module 102 can reduce power consumption by the digital audio processing IC 14 by disabling the digital filtering operation 108 via the digital filter enable 106.
When the remaining battery-charge indicia 104 indicates that the battery charge level is low, the desire is to extend the useful playback life of the battery-powered handheld audio device 90. Under these circumstances, the audio signal quality may be less than optimal because of static, distortion, and/or due to other forms of radio signal interference, but the content (or radio programming) of the continuous-time radio signal 16 can be provided due to the extended battery charge for the device.
The mixing module 124 receives and down-converts the amplified radio signal 122, with respect to a local oscillator 121, providing a low IF signal 125. The noise filter module 126 receives the low IF signal 125 and removes unwanted signal portions, or noise, introduced by the mixing module 124 to provide a filtered low IF signal 127. The ADC module 128 receives and converts the filtered low IF signal 127 into a digital low IF signal 68. In one embodiment, the digital low IF signal 68 is a complex signal including an in-phase (“I”) component and a quadrature (“Q”) component. Accordingly, the ADC module 128 converts the I and Q components of the filtered low IF signal 127 into a corresponding I and Q digital signal 68.
The AGC 130 provides the gain setting for the LNA 120 by monitoring the signal strength from the ADC module 128 and the LNA 120. The AGC 130, in providing the gain setting, relies on the signal strength from the ADC module 128 output. The AGC 130 also considers the signal strength of the LNA 120 output to limit requests of excessive gain from the LNA 120.
The power management module 102 generates the analog conditioning setting 110 based upon signal quality indicia 60 and/or the remaining battery charge indicia 104. The analog conditioning setting 110 is provided to the noise filter module 126, AGC 130 and/or ADC module 128 to adjust the power consumption levels of the front-end module 66 and the analog components therein via the first and the second analog conditioning setting 112 and 114. Note that the front-end module 66 may contain further modules that are disposed towards power management by the power management module 102, via the analog conditioning setting 110.
When the signal quality indicia 60 indicates a favorable signal quality, the first analog conditioning setting 112 provides a first LNA gain to the AGC 130, a first analog filter conditioning setting to the noise filter module 126 and/or a first ADC setting to the ADC module 128. With favorable signal quality, extensive analog processing of the continuous-time radio signal 16 is not required, and a savings on battery source consumption can be recognized by limiting the processing parameters of the front-end module 66. Examples of processing parameters are the gain magnitude for amplifiers, the bias and/or operational conditions, et cetera. When the signal quality indicia 60 indicates an unfavorable signal quality, the analog conditioning setting 110 provides a second analog conditioning setting 114 having a second analog gain, a second analog filter conditioning setting, and/or a second ADC setting to the ADC module 128. The second analog conditioning setting 114 provides for additional analog processing and/or amplification of the continuous-time radio signal 16. That is, under the first analog conditioning setting 112, the front-end module 66 consumes less power than under the second analog conditioning setting 114.
Also, when there are a plurality of settings associated with the first conditioning setting 112 and/or the second conditioning setting 114, the power management module 102 can apply the associated settings of the first conditioning setting 112 and/or the second conditioning setting 114 in a predetermined sequence that is based upon the information provided by the signal quality indicia 60 and/or the remaining battery-charge indicia 104. For example, the sequence may be ordered from a lowest-power-consumption setting to a greatest-power-consumption setting to generally coincide with battery charge consumption by the device. As a further example, as signal quality may deteriorate, the power management module 102 provides a graduated sequence of the plurality of settings so as to minimize abrupt changes in quality of the audio signal 31.
As one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, the term “substantially” or “approximately”, as may be used herein, provides an industry-accepted tolerance to its corresponding term and/or relativity between items. Such an industry-accepted tolerance ranges from less than one percent to twenty percent and corresponds to, but is not limited to, component values, integrated circuit process variations, temperature variations, rise and fall times, and/or thermal noise. Such relativity between items ranges from a difference of a few percent to magnitude differences. As one of ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate, the term “operably coupled”, as may be used herein, includes direct coupling and indirect coupling via another component, element, circuit, or module where, for indirect coupling, the intervening component, element, circuit, or module does not modify the information of a signal but may adjust its current level, voltage level, and/or power level. As one of ordinary skill in the art will also appreciate, inferred coupling (that is, where one element is coupled to another element by inference) includes direct and indirect coupling between two elements in the same manner as “operably coupled”. As one of ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate, the term “compares favorably”, as may be used herein, indicates that a comparison between two or more elements, items, signals, et cetera, provides a desired relationship. For example, when the desired relationship is that a first signal has a greater magnitude than a second signal, a favorable comparison may be achieved when the magnitude of the first signal is greater than that of the second signal or when the magnitude of the second signal is less than that of the first signal.
The preceding discussion has presented a battery-powered handheld audio device that incorporates a radio signal decoder integrated circuit having a digital radio interface with the capability to manage power of the device based on signal quality and/or remaining battery-charge indicia. As one of average skill in the art will appreciate, other embodiments may be derived from the teaching of the present invention without deviating from the scope of the claims.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
5455823 | Noreen et al. | Oct 1995 | A |
5945949 | Yun | Aug 1999 | A |
7095994 | Aytur et al. | Aug 2006 | B1 |
7106816 | Filipovic | Sep 2006 | B2 |
7433716 | Denton | Oct 2008 | B2 |
20030125075 | Klovborg | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20040092238 | Filipovic | May 2004 | A1 |
20040247993 | Johnson et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050060472 | Mantey et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20060264197 | Mahini et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20080194286 | Chen et al. | Aug 2008 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20140323074 A1 | Oct 2014 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 11265867 | Nov 2005 | US |
Child | 14330484 | US |