Power pole for artificial tree apparatus with axial electrical connectors

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

Various embodiments relate generally to improved coupling arrangements for the trunk portions of artificial trees in which sections may easily connect and/or may carry power and/or any other important electrical information or commands via the tree column.

BACKGROUND

It has become commonplace in both residential and commercial environments to incorporate plants in both indoor and outdoor spaces. Plants can serve various useful purposes, such as for example, providing decoration both for everyday and holiday occasions, providing health benefits through the release of oxygen, as well as creating a more relaxing environment through actual and placebic effects of the plant. In cases where a live plant cannot or is preferred not to be accommodated, artificial plants or trees can be a popular choice. A popular instance in which to use an artificial tree is in the use of an artificial holiday tree. Many people choose to decorate their tree in accordance with the holiday season.

SUMMARY

Apparatus and associated methods may relate to an artificial tree apparatus having a plurality of trunk segments that, upon secure mechanical coupling into a column, couple a plurality of independent information channels and/or command signals via the column. In an illustrative example, one or more branch segments having light emitting devices may be connected to the trunk segments. A plurality of branch segments may receive independent signals transmitted from a control system. In some implementations, some of the signals generated by the control system may include command data associated with a predetermined illumination pattern. In some embodiments, each branch segment load may be independently controlled via a multi-channel arrangement. In various implementations, each trunk segment may include an axial connector that permits adjacent trunk segments to be mechanically coupled from any radial orientation relative to a longitudinal axis of the column.

Various embodiments may achieve one or more advantages. For example, some embodiments may output complex output patterns (e.g., lights, sounds, motions) by coordinated modulation of phase, amplitude, and/or waveform command signals conveyed to independent load devices associated with an artificial tree, for example. Some embodiments may permit the user to manually configure each command signal directly at the main controller. In some examples, the user may have the option to manually configure independent loads or branch segments via a control interface disposed in close proximity to an inter-connection point, for example, between the branch segment and the trunk segment. Various embodiments may advantageously provide an improved coupling arrangement for the trunk portions of an artificial tree, for example, in which each section, besides connecting easily, carries current and any other important signal, including but not limited to electrical information or commands, via the tree column. Certain embodiments facilitate simplified assembly and disassembly of the trunk column by introducing self-aligning electro-mechanical interfaces into the trunk segments, which may include multi-channel electromagnetic coupling systems for communicating multiple channels of commands and/or information across the interface between adjacent trunk segments. Various embodiments may advantageously provide high performance multi-channel control capabilities while substantially simplifying and reducing complexity, effort, hassle, and time required to assemble a fully functioning, self-standing display. Moreover, ergonomic safety may be enhanced by eliminating the need to align two bulky objects, and electrical safety hazards may be reduced, for example, by integrating electrical conductors within the tree column.

The details of various embodiments are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features and advantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts, in an exploded view, an exemplary artificial tree apparatus with multi-channel signals distributed via the tree column.

FIG. 2 depicts exemplary first and second trunk segments longitudinally aligned for connection.

FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary branch segment for coupling to a trunk segment with a user interface.

FIG. 4 depicts another exemplary branch segment for coupling to a trunk segment with a user interface.

FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary controller used in a control system for outputting independent multi-channel signals.

FIG. 6 depicts another exemplary system for processing independent multi-channel signals.

FIGS. 7A-7B depict an exemplary orientation-independent multi-channel signal interface connection assembly.

FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C depict another exemplary orientation-independent multi-channel signal interface connection assembly.

FIGS. 9A, 9B, 9C, and 9D depict an exemplary self-aligning multi-channel signal interface connection assembly.

FIGS. 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D depict another exemplary self-aligning multi-channel signal interface connection assembly.

FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary multichannel distribution system integrated in a central pole.

FIGS. 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16 depict schematically exemplary trunk segment configurations for distributing operating power and serial control commands to individual light string elements.

Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

To aid understanding, this document is organized as follows. First, an exemplary artificial tree featuring multi-channel axial electrical interfaces and multi-channel signal path(s) integrated within the central pole is briefly introduced with reference to FIGS. 1-2. Then, with reference to FIGS. 3-4, exemplary user interfaces that permit selection of a preferred light pattern channel for singular or group of branch segments are described. Next, the discussion turns to an exemplary embodiment of a controller in FIG. 5. Then, with reference to FIG. 6, further explanatory discussion is presented to explain exemplary processing of multi-channel signal(s) received from the controller. Then, with reference to FIGS. 7A-10D, various orientation-independent and self-aligning connection assemblies are illustrated for use with a single or multi-channel artificial tree apparatus. An exemplary multichannel system is described with reference to FIG. 11. Finally, FIGS. 12-16 depict exemplary configurations for distributing operating power and serial control commands to individual light string elements.

FIG. 1 depicts, in an exploded view, an exemplary artificial tree apparatus with multi-channel signals distributed via the tree column. An artificial tree apparatus 100 provides decoration and dynamic, complex, time-varying, multi-channel illumination. In an exemplary embodiment, the artificial tree apparatus 100 is in the shape of a Christmas tree, although the loads could be applied to another decoration, edifice, or substrate. By way of example and not limitation, the artificial tree apparatus 100 of this example may be of various heights, such as for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 feet in overall height.

The artificial tree apparatus 100 includes a base 105 for providing self-standing upright support of the artificial tree apparatus 100. In some embodiments, the base 105 may be secured rigidly to a floor surface. In other embodiments, the base 105 may be movable along the floor surface. Although not shown in this example, the base 105 may rotate the tree about its longitudinal axis. In such event, the electrical contact may be maintained, for example, via slip ring contacts, to avoid twisting of an electrical cord.

Extending vertically from the base 105 is a plurality of trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125. The number of trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 may depend upon the overall height preference of the artificial tree apparatus 100. In some exemplary embodiments, only 2-3 trunk segments may be used. In other exemplary embodiments, 4-6 trunk segments may be used to achieve a greater overall height of the artificial tree apparatus 100. The length of each trunk segment 110, 115, 120, 125 may be the same in some exemplary embodiments. The trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 may employ a circular cross-section in some exemplary embodiments. The circular cross-section of the trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 permits the trunk segments to be connected in any radial orientation relative to the connecting trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 that are being connected in a non-radial dependent manner.

Other cross-sectional shapes may provide for a more limited connection arrangement. For example, a square cross-sectional shape of the trunk segments would only permit 4 radially different positions of adjacent-connecting trunk segments. Examples that incorporate orientation-dependent alignment of trunk segments are described with reference, for example, to at least FIG. 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 8,053,042, to Loomis, J., the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

In another exemplary embodiment, some trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 may be shorter or longer than other trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 to achieve a desired visual and/or lighting effect. For example, the trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 may be assembled in a preferred order of emitted light pattern. Different trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 may be pre-programmed (e.g., hard-wired or executing a programmed set of instructions stored on a data store) to output a different predetermined light pattern scheme, for example. Such schemes may involve a visually perceptible effect based on, for example, a combination of spectral, temporal (e.g., phase, frequency), and modulation waveform differentiations. A first trunk segment may be configured to output green light, a second trunk segment may be configured to output red light, and a third trunk segment may be configured to output blinking white light, for example. The term “light pattern” herein may refer to various lighting effects, such as for example the light color, the light hue, the light increasing or decreasing brightness or intensity, the light on/off sequence, such as blinking fast, blinking slow, or other lighting effects such as simply turning the light on or off

As shown, each trunk segment 110, 115, 120, 125 includes an axial electrical connector 130 configured as a plug to mate with another axial electrical connector 135 configured as a socket. In assembly, the trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 and respective axial electrical connectors 130, 135 longitudinally align when being connected. The plug axial electrical connector 130 may be oriented in any radial position relative the socket axial electrical connector 135 when connecting trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125, thus being non-radial dependent. By permitting independent and free rotation of the axial electrical connectors 130, 135 during assembly, the artificial tree apparatus 100 becomes easy and quick to assemble. Furthermore, the axial symmetry permits the user a degree of freedom to independently adjust the relative angle between any of the segments 110-125, as may be desired by the user.

Extending from each trunk segment 110, 115, 120, 125 are one or more branch segments 140, 145, 150, 155. In an exemplary embodiment, the branch segments 140, 145, 150, 155 are shaped to resemble tree limbs. For example, the branch segments 140, 145, 150, 155 may be shaped to resemble Pine tree boughs.

In the depicted embodiment, each branch segment 140, 145, 150, 155 includes one or more integral light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 for emitting a light pattern. In some embodiments, the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 may include light emitting diodes (LEDs). In some embodiments, the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 may include incandescent bulbs. Each load of the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 may be configured to emit a predetermined light patterns that may be different (e.g., independent) with respect to the other light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 on the same or different branch segment 140, 145, 150, 155. For example, a first group of lighting devices 160 on a first group of branch segments 140 may output a slow blinking light pattern in a red color. A second group of lighting devices 165 on a second group of branch segments 145 may output a fast blinking light pattern in a blue color. A third group of lighting devices 170 on a third group of branch segments 150 may output an alternately increasing and decreasing intensity green light pattern. A fourth group of lighting devices 175 on a fourth group of branch segments 155 may output a non-periodic (e.g., constant) white light pattern.

In the case that one or more light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 or strings of light emitting devices burn-out, the branch segment 140, 145, 150, 155 may be removed from the trunk segment 110, 115, 120, 125 and a replacement branch segment may be connected.

The artificial tree apparatus 100 includes a control system 180 to generate and transmit command signals to the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175. In some embodiments, the control system 180 may include a controller located at (or within) the base 105 of the artificial tree apparatus 100. The command signals may be sent through internal wiring extending within the trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 and the branch segments 140, 145, 150, 155 to the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175. The axial electrical connectors 130, 135 provide a pathway between trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 for the command signals, which may include power, data, and/or control signals in analog and/or digital formats. In some exemplary embodiments, the control system 180 is located within the base 105 of the artificial tree apparatus 100. The control system 180 permits independent operation of the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175. In an exemplary embodiment, the control system 180 generates and transmits a first command signal that is transmitted to a first group of light emitting devices 160 upon the first branch segments 140 and generates a separate and distinct command signal that is transmitted to a second group of light emitting devices 165 upon the second branch segments 145.

A power cord 185 and plug 190 is shown to provide power to the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 and to the control system 180. In an exemplary embodiment, AC power received by the power cord 185 and plug 190 may be converted to low voltage DC power and then delivered to the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175. The low voltage DC power causes the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175 to illuminate at the pre-determined light pattern. In other exemplary embodiments, a battery pack may be provided to power the control system 180 and/or the light emitting devices 160, 165, 170, 175.

The artificial apparatus 100 provides a coupling arrangement of the trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 to permit independent relative rotation of adjacent connecting trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 thus permitting easy connection in that the adjacent trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125 may be connected at and operate from any radially angular position relative to each other and to the longitudinal axis. Additionally, the coupling arrangement provides for electrical current and other important command information to be carried via internal pathways and connectors 130, 135 extending within and from each of the trunk segments 110, 115, 120, 125.

FIG. 2 depicts exemplary first and second trunk segments longitudinally aligned for connection. A first trunk segment 200 is configured to electrically and mechanically attach to a second trunk segment 205 while permitting the first trunk segment 200 to be positioned at any radial angle (e.g., non-radial dependent) relative to the second trunk segment 205 and still employ a secure electrical and mechanical connection. The trunk segments are substantially aligned and symmetric with respect to a longitudinal axis. For example, the first trunk segment 200 may be positioned at a 0 degree radial angle relative to a reference point upon the second trunk segment 205. In another example, the first trunk segment 200 may be positioned at a 90 degree radial angle relative to the same reference point upon the second trunk segment 205 and still employ the same electrical and mechanical connection as the relative 0 degree angle connection.

In the depicted example, the first trunk segment 200 includes a hollow sleeve 210 extending from one end. The sleeve 210 extends along a longitudinal axis of the first trunk segment 200. Extending from the first trunk segment 200 within the sleeve 210 is a first axial electrical connector 215 in the shape of a (male) plug. The first axial electrical connector 215 is concentric with the sleeve 210 to permit free radial rotation about the longitudinal axis and relative the second trunk segment 205 during or after attachment. The first axial electrical connector 215 includes a plurality of contacts 220, 225, 230, each separated by an insulator 235. Each contact 220, 225, 230 may be configured to carry an independent electrical signal. In an exemplary embodiment, a first contact 220 is configured to carry a power signal, a second contact 225 is configured for ground (e.g., signal return), and a third contact 230 is configured to carry an electrical command signal representative of a light pattern.

The longitudinally recessed location of the first axial electrical connector 215 within the sleeve 210 protects the first axial electrical connector 215 from damage during assembly, disassembly, and storage of the trunk segments 200, 205, and ensures proper coaxial alignment of the axial electrical connector 215 prior to engagement. In addition, the overlapping stability of the cylindrical walls of the corresponding trunk segments 200, 205 provides greater strength and stability to the coupled trunk segments 200, 205 of the artificial tree apparatus when installed.

The second trunk segment 205 includes a diametrically recessed portion 240 along an end which has a lesser outer diameter than the inner diameter of the sleeve 210 of the first trunk segment 200 such that the recessed portion 240 is received within the sleeve 210. Extending inwardly from the end of the second trunk segment 205 is a second axial electrical connector 245 in the shape of a (e.g., female) socket for receiving the first axial electrical connector 215. The first axial electrical connector 215 of the first trunk segment 200 is recessed some distance from the end of the first trunk segment 200 and within the internal cavity of the sleeve 210 so that the first trunk segment 200 can slide onto the recessed portion 240 of the second trunk segment 205 and engage the second trunk segment 205 to mate the first axial electrical connector 215 with the second axial electrical connector 245 of the second trunk segment 205. The reduced diameter recessed portion 240 of the second trunk segment 205 can freely rotate within the sleeve 210 of the first trunk segment 200 even when the first and second axial electrical connectors 215, 245 are fully coupled together.

Like the first axial electrical connector 215, the second axial electrical connector 245 includes a corresponding plurality of contacts 250, 255, 260 to electrically connect with respective contacts 220, 225, 230 of the first axial electrical connector 215. The provision of single or multiple channels carried on the single axial plug of the first axial electrical connector 215 and the corresponding axial socket of the second axial electrical connector 245 enables free rotation of the axial electrical connectors 235, 245, obviating the need to rotationally align the trunk segments 200, 205 prior to assembly of the artificial tree apparatus.

In various embodiments, releasable galvanic communication may be made between corresponding contact terminals of the connectors 215, 245 by, for example, by employing compliant contacts that provide adjustable radial depth to accommodate axial connection and disconnection.

FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary branch segment for coupling to a trunk segment with a user interface. A trunk segment 300 is shown having a user interface 305 with a first radial receptacle 310, a second radial receptacle 315, and third radial receptacle 320. The first radial receptacle 310 may connect to a first signal wire internal to the trunk segment 300 that is configured to carry a first electrical command signal. The second radial receptacle 315 may connect to a second signal wire internal to the trunk segment 300 that is configured to carry a second electrical command signal. The third radial receptacle 320 may connect to a third signal wire internal to the trunk segment 300 that is configured to carry a third electrical command signal. The electrical command signals may be different from each other to represent different light patterns. Each branch segment 325 may be connected to a preferred radial receptacle 310, 315, 320 thus permitting different branch segments 325 to emit different light patterns by the respective electrical command signals. In some implementations, the radial receptacles 310-320 may carry a plurality of signals, for example, including power and at least one data signal containing encoded information associated with a command signal for modulating the load output intensity, for example.

For example, the first electrical command signal may be representative of a first light color, the second electrical command signal may be representative of a second light color, and the third electrical command signal may be representative of a third light color. In another exemplary embodiment, the first electrical command signal may be representative of a blinking light, the second electrical command signal may be representative of a solid light, and the third electrical command signal may be representative of a modulating light.

In the depicted example, a radial plug 330 extends from the branch segment 325. The branch segment 325 may include a branch member 335 to mimic the shape of a tree branch. The branch segment 325 has one or more light emitting devices 340. The radial plug 330 is connected via insertion to the user-selected radial receptacle 310, 315, 320 that is configured to emit the preferred electrical command signal. If a different electrical command signal is later preferred, the radial plug 330 may be removed from the radial receptacle 310, 315, 320 currently in use and reinserted into a different radial receptacle 310, 315, 320. If all radial receptacles 310, 315, 320 corresponding to the same electrical command signal on each trunk segment 300 are desired to be altered to correspond to a different electrical command signal, a control system may be configured to output a different electrical command signal to the corresponding group of radial receptacles 310, 315, 320. In some exemplary embodiments, the user interface 305 and radial receptacles 310, 315, 320 form a portion of the control system.

FIG. 4 depicts another exemplary branch segment for coupling to a trunk segment with a user interface. A trunk segment 400 is shown having a radial receptacle 405 and a user interface 410 comprising a multi-position control switch 415. As shown, the control switch 415 includes a first position, a second position, a third position, and a fourth position. The first position may be representative of a first electrical command signal, the second position may be representative of a second electrical command signal, the third position may be representative of a third electrical command signal and the fourth position may be representative of a fourth electrical command signal.

A branch segment 420 having a radial plug 425 is aligned with the radial receptacle 405. The branch segment 420 includes a branch member 430 for carrying one or more light emitting devices 435. The radial plug 425 is connected via insertion to the radial receptacle 405. The control switch 415 position is adjusted to output a corresponding electrical command signal to the light emitting devices 435 upon the branch segment 420. If the light pattern is desired to be changed, the control switch 410 may be adjusted to output a different electrical command signal. If none of the electrical command signals available via the control switch 410 positions are desired, a control system may be configured to correspond one or more of the control switch 410 positions with an alternative electrical command signal corresponding to a different light modulation or pattern. In some exemplary embodiments, the user interface 410 and radial receptacle 405 may form a portion of the control system. In various embodiments, the user interface 415, alone or integrated with a controller, may advantageously be disposed at a convenient height for access by a user in a standing position, which may be, for example, one meter or more above the floor on which the base is resting. In some embodiments, the controller may be hidden by decorative or ornamental items on or proximate the controller housing.

FIG. 5 depicts an exemplary controller used in a control system for outputting independent multi-channel signals. A controller 500 is shown which may form an entire or a portion of a control system used to generate, process, and/or transmit one or more channels of command signals for distribution via the central trunk segments to loads, which may include light strings capable of illuminating light patterns in response to the command signals. The controller 500 includes a power input and a ground input that may lead to a power switch 505 controlled by user input.

In various implementations, the power input signal may be AC or DC. If required, the controller 500 may include an AC to DC converter to convert the input power. Further power conditioning may be incorporated, for example, to provide appropriate filtering, power factor correction, electromagnetic interference suppression/mitigation, and/or attenuation or boosting, as appropriate for the application. In some embodiments, outputs of the controller may be configured to regulate or limit current and/or voltage supplied to a particular load. In some embodiments an upstream controller 500 may control operation of the power switch 505.

Output from the controller 500 includes a DC output and a ground output. In some embodiments, the DC output may pass-through and be substantially the same amplitude as the Power Input (DC) voltage such that the DC passes-through the controller 500 without being substantially attenuated. In some embodiments, the power switch 505 may be omitted.

The controller 500 depicted in this example is programmable and includes a processor 510 (e.g., CPU), random access memory (RAM) 515, non-volatile memory (NVM) 520 which may have embedded code 525, and a communications port 530. The processor 510 may receive and execute the code 525 to perform various digital or analog control functions. The processor 510 may be a general purpose digital microprocessor 510 which controls the operation of the controller 500. The processor 510 may be a single-chip processor 510 or implemented with multiple components. Using instructions retrieved from memory, the processor 510 may control reception and manipulations of input data and the output data or excitation signals. RAM may be used by the processor 510 as a general storage area and as scratch-pad memory, and can also be used to store input data and processed data.

The exemplary controller 500 also includes a user interface 540 controlled by user input and an analog interface 545 controlled by analog input. The user interface 540 may include dials, such as for example timing dials, frequency dials, or amplitude control dials. The user interface 540 may include switches or control buttons, such as for example amplitude changing controls, channel changing controls, or frequency changing controls. The switches or control buttons may correspond to various light patterns that may involve, for example, light colors, modulation patterns (e.g., pulsed, triangular, sinusoidal, or rectangular waveforms), light intensities, or light blinking rates. The user interface 540 and the analog interface 545, as well as the processor 510, memory, and communications are connected to a control module 550.

A communications network 535 may communicate with the communications port 530 and may be utilized to send and receive data over a network 535 connected to other controllers 500 or computer systems. An interface card or similar device and appropriate software may be implemented by the processor 510 to connect the controller 500 to an existing network 535 and transfer data according to standard protocols. The communications network 535 may also communicate with upstream or downstream controllers 500, such as for example to activate or deactivate upstream or downstream controllers 500. In some embodiments, the communications network 535 may be suited for routing master-slave commands to or from the downstream controller 500. In the embodiment, the controllers 500 may include suitable circuitry for interpreting the master-slave command. Commands sent to upstream or downstream controllers 500 may be sent through power line carrier modes, optical (e.g., infrared, visible), sound (e.g., audible, ultrasonic, subsonic modulation), or wireless (e.g., Bluetooth, Zigbee) modes, for example.

The exemplary control module 550 includes a plurality of function generators 555, 560, 565 each for outputting one or more predetermined or user-configured waveforms to a corresponding channel. In one mode, the function generators 555, 560, 565 may operate independently of one another. In a second mode, the function generators 555, 560, 565 may operate with, for example, different temporal, phase shift, or waveforms aspects. In some examples, some or all of the function generators 555-565 may be synchronized to each other, or to external clock source signal, for example. The function generators 555, 560, 565 may receive pre-stored data for outputting predetermined waveforms or may receive user-configured data from user input to generate unique and customizable waveforms. In some embodiments, the waveforms generated may be electrical waveforms which control and regulate output lumens from one or more lights upon a light string. In some examples, the control module 550 may also include a switch timing control 570 which may use a duty cycle to generate control signals for use by the function generators 555, 560, 565. In some embodiments, the control signals may be timed to produce predetermined current waveforms at predetermined frequencies or intervals. By way of example and not limitation, exemplary composite effects may include, but are not limited to, walking, waterfall, random, or a combination of such effects.

In some embodiments, the waveforms generated by the function generators 555, 560, 565 may comprise one or more frequencies. In some embodiments, the waveforms generated may cause a blinking effect among the connected lights. In some embodiments, the waveforms generated may cause a steady-on effect among the connected lights. In some embodiments, the waveforms generated may cause a dimming effect among the connected lights. In some embodiments, the waveforms generated may cause a dimming effect followed by a steady-on effect among the connected lights. In some embodiments, the waveforms generated may cause a blinking effect followed by a dimming effect followed by a steady-on effect among the connected lights.

FIG. 6 depicts another exemplary system for processing independent multichannel signals. A control system 600 includes a main controller 605 and a plurality of multiplexers 610, 615 that may receive addressed command signals from the main controller 605 and output electrical command signals, for example as via a buffer or a pass-through. In the depicted example, the first multiplexer module 610 and associated circuitry is electrically connected to radial receptacles 620 on a first trunk segment 625. A second multiplexer module 615 and associated circuitry is electrically connected to a radial receptacle 630 on a second trunk segment 635. The trunk segments 625, 635 may be electrically connected via the exemplary axial electrical connectors 640, 645.

Each multiplexer 610, 615 is in signal communication with the controller 605 via a command wire 650 and a plurality of channel wires 655, 660, 665. The command wires 650 may carry an electrical command signal indicative of a command for a specific addressed multiplexer 610, 615 to read and transmit a specific channel wire 655, 660, 665. Power and ground wires may also be incorporated within one or more of the command or channel wires 650, 655, 660, 665, or incorporated as stand-alone wires to provide power to the light emitting devices and internal circuitry. The wires and circuitry are located internal to the trunk segments 625, 635 and may be internal or be routed along axial electrical connectors 640, 645 connecting the trunk segments 625, 635.

In some implementations, the command wire 650 may also serve as a power delivering signal from a low impedance source so as to deliver operating voltage and current to supply one or more load devices. In such examples, to provide for communication over the power line 650, the multiplexer modules 610, 615 may each be equipped with frequency selective receivers that can detect demodulate command signals that are modulated on top of the power line power delivering signal, which may be low voltage DC, for example, or 60 Hz AC, for example, as carried on the command wire 650. In various examples, a suitable frequency selective receiver may include an analog filter, a digital filter implemented in hardware, a digital filter implemented in software, or a combination of these, to selectively detect and extract a modulated command signal on the carrier power signal. Various modulation schemes may be used, including but not limited to phase, frequency, or amplitude modulation.

Each multiplexer 610, 615 may be assigned a predetermined unique address for selectively determining which signal commands to react to. For example, the first multiplexer 610 may have address 0001 and the second multiplexer 615 may have address 0002. Further, each channel wire 655, 660, 665 may have a distinct address, such as “A”, “B”, and “C” for example. In an exemplary embodiment, the main controller 605 may send a serial command signal along the command wire 650, such as 0001A0002B for example. The command signal may be interpreted by the multiplexer 0001 illustrated as the first multiplexer 610 to read channel wire “A” illustrated as wire 655 and transmit the respective command signal on wire “A” to the connected light emitting devices since address “A” follows the address of the first multiplexer 610. Since channel address “B” follows the multiplexer address 0002 illustrated as multiplexer 615, the second multiplexer 615 may be programmed to read channel wire “B” illustrated as wire 660 and transmit the respective electrical signal carried on channel wire “B” to the connected light emitting devices. Accordingly, some embodiments of a control scheme may dynamically control the routing of signals on any of wires 655-665 to any selected load, such as the loads connected to any selected one of the radial receptacles 620, 630. Such control schemes may be implemented by operation of a controller, an example of which is described with reference to FIG. 5.

If a manual or automatic preferred channel change were made to one or more of the multiplexer 610, 615 or main controller 605, the main controller 605 may be configured to send out an electrical command signal referencing only the multiplexer 610, 615 that was changed. For example, if the second multiplexer 610 were changed to read and transmit channel “C” illustrated by wire 665 via a control switch or other adjustment device, the main controller 605 may transmit an electrical command signal having data 0002C. Since the electrical command signal does not reference multiplexer 0001, the first multiplexer 610 ignores the command and the command is only read and acted upon by the second multiplexer 615 addressed 0002.

Various embodiments include exemplary addressing schemes that may be illustrative of the flexible configurations achievable with a multi-channel system with signal distribution in a trunk signals.

In some implementations, information and/or command signals may be conveyed axially via an optical path. In some examples, information and/or command signals may be coupled between trunk segments using galvanically-isolated electrical ports, for example, formed of magnetic flux coupling (e.g., transformer coupling), capacitive coupling, optical coupling, either alone or in some combination.

FIGS. 7A-7B depict an exemplary orientation-independent multi-channel signal interface connection assembly. A connection assembly includes a first connector 700 and a second connector 705. The first connector 700 and the second connector 705 may be formed integrally with the trunk segments and/or the branch segments as described herein to permit connection of trunk segments and/or branch segments in any radial orientation relative to each other. Also shown are a series of first electrical connectors 710 extending from the first connector 700 and a second electrical connector 715 formed within the second connector segment 705. The first electrical connectors 710 may be formed of a male-plug type and the second electrical connector 715 may be formed of a female plug type. In some embodiments, the connectors 710 may be spring-based pins that can adjust to small imperfections in the depth of the coupling connection to between the connector 705 and the connector 715.

The second electrical connector 715 may include an electrically conductive medium 720 for electrically receiving the first electrical connectors 710 and permitting the first electrical connectors 710 to be received within the second electrical connector 715 in any radial orientation. As seen in the top view of the connector 705 shown in FIG. 7B, axially symmetric concentric conductive rings 720 are separated by axially-symmetric concentric non-conductive separator rings. In making an electrical mating, a distal tip of each of the connectors 710 fits within or between adjacent separator rings to substantially prevent electrical shorting.

In some embodiments, the conductive rings 720 may be formed of a conductive gel substance, or a conductive metal (e.g., by way of example and not limitation, copper, nickel, brass, gold or a combination thereof). In some embodiments, each first electrical connector 710 may transmit a different electrical signal.

FIGS. 8A-8C depict another exemplary orientation-independent multi-channel signal interface connection assembly. FIG. 8A depicts an exemplary first connector 800. FIG. 8B and FIG. 8C depict an exemplary sectional view and an exemplary upper perspective view of a second connector 805. The first connector segment 800 and the second connector segment 805 may be formed integrally with the trunk segments and/or the branch segments, respectively, as described herein to permit connection of trunk segments and/or branch segments in any radial orientation relative each other. Also shown area series of first electrical connectors 810 extending from the first connector segment 800 and a second electrical connector 815 formed within the second connector segment 805. The first electrical connectors 810 may be formed of a male-plug type and the second electrical connector 815 may be formed of a female plug type.

The second electrical connector 815 may include an electrically conductive medium 820 for electrically receiving the first electrical connectors 810 and permitting the first electrical connectors 810 to be received within the second electrical connector 815 in any radial orientation. In some embodiments, the conductive medium 820 may be formed of a conductive gel substance. In some embodiments, each first electrical connector 810 may transmit a different electrical signal (e.g., power, commands, information), such as a different signal channel.

FIGS. 9A-9D depict an exemplary self-aligning multi-channel signal interface connection assembly. FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B depict an exemplary first connector 900 in plan and perspective side views. FIG. 9C and FIG. 9D depict an exemplary top view and an exemplary sectional view of a second connector 905. The first connector segment 900 and the second connector segment 905 may be formed integrally within the trunk segments and/or the branch segments as described herein to permit connection of trunk segments and/or branch segments in a self-aligning manner. Also shown are a series of first electrical connectors 910 extending from the first connector segment 900 and a guide 915 leading to a series of second electrical connectors 920 formed within the second connector segment 905. The first electrical connectors 910 may be formed of a male-plug type and the second electrical connector 920 may be formed of a female plug type.

The guide 915 forces the male end of the first connector segment 900 to be rotated towards a pre-determined angle with respect to a longitudinal axis when being inserted within the second connector segment 905. The guide 915 has curved or angled interior edges so that the first connector segment 900 slides into the second connector segment 905 smoothly and without obstruction. The second electrical connector 920 may comprise an electrically conductive medium 920 for electrically receiving the first electrical connectors 910 and permitting the first electrical connectors 910 to be received within the second electrical connector 920. In some embodiments, the conductive medium 920 may be a conductive gel substance. In some embodiments, each first electrical connector 910 may transmit a different electrical signal.

FIGS. 10A-10D depict another exemplary self-aligning multi-channel signal interface connection assembly. FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B depict an exemplary first connector 1000 in a side perspective view and a sectional view. FIG. 10C and FIG. 10D depict an exemplary bottom view and an exemplary top view of a second connector 1005. The first connector segment 1000 and the second connector segment 1005 may be formed integrally with the trunk segments and/or the branch segments as described herein to permit connection of trunk segments and/or branch segments in a self-aligning manner. Also shown are a series of first electrical connectors 1010 extending from the first connector segment 1000 and a guide 1015 leading to a series of second electrical connectors 1020 formed within the second connector segment 1005. The first electrical connectors 1010 may be formed of a male-plug type and the second electrical connector 1020 may be formed of a female plug type.

The guide 1015 forces the male end of the first connector segment 1000 to be rotated towards a pre-determined rotation when being inserted within the second connector segment 1005. The guide 1015 has curved or angled interior edges so that the first connector segment 1000 slides into the second connector segment 1005 smoothly and without obstruction. The second electrical connector 1020 may comprise an electrically conductive medium 1020 within for electrically receiving the first electrical connectors 1010 and permitting the first electrical connectors 1010 to be received within the second electrical connector 1020. In some embodiments, the conductive medium 1020 may be a conductive gel substance. In some embodiments, each first electrical connector 1010 may transmit a different electrical signal.

FIG. 11 depicts an exemplary multichannel distribution system integrated in a central pole. As depicted, a multichannel distribution system 1100 includes pole sections 1105 A, B, C, through which multichannel signal conductors are routed from a base 1110. Extending from the base 1110 is a signal conductor coupled to an interface 1115. The signal conductor between the base 1110 and the interface 1115 may conduct, for example, power and/or one or more channels of information signals.

The pole section 1105a, couples to the pole section 1105b via an interface 1120, which is shown in the magnified view to reveal additional details. Similarly, the pole sections 1105 B couples to the pole section 1105 C, and the pole section 1105 C couples to the base 1110 via interfaces substantially similar to the interface 1120.

In the magnified view of the interface 1120, the interface 1120 includes a multi-channel socket 1125 to receive and provide signal communication to corresponding channels in a plug 1130. When mated, the multi-channel signals may communicate to radial ports 1135 distributed along the length of the pole sections 1105 A-C. The radio port 1135 is depicted in this example as receiving a radial plug assembly 1140, which may be connected to a load and/or a single or multi-channel signal source.

In the depicted example, adjacent pole sections may be securely coupled by a collar 1145 engaging threads 1150. Also in the depicted example the pole section 1105 A includes an output connector 1160 at which some or all of the multichannel signals may be made available to an external load device and/or a controller. In various embodiments, one or more of the output connectors 1160 may be made available, for example, within the base 1110 and/or any of the other pole sections 1105.

FIGS. 12-16 depict schematically exemplary trunk segment configurations for distributing operating power and serial and/or parallel control commands to individual light string elements. To illustrate exemplary embodiments for communicating operating power, return, and command signals through a trunk segment, FIG. 12 depicts a light string with power, return, and data lines extending between two opposing connectors for releasably plugging into a trunk segment to form a loop that can be distributed on the branches of the tree, for example. FIG. 13 depicts an end-in-bulb light string with power, return, and data lines exiting via an aperture in each trunk segment, with the data signal looping back to re-enter the trunk segment through the same aperture. FIG. 14 depicts an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 12, but the ends of the light string are integrally connected inside the trunk segment rather than pluggably connected, both ends of the light string enter and exit the trunk segment through a common aperture, for example. FIG. 15 depicts a light string similar to the one of FIG. 12, with the addition of an additional control line (e.g., clock signal) that is distributed to each individually addressable illumination module, so as to accommodate serial data systems that require a clock input signal. FIG. 16 depicts a light string with at least 3 parallel current paths independently driven by an independent command signal.

In FIG. 12, an artificial tree apparatus 1200 includes first and second trunk segments 1205a, 1205b, which may be connectable, for example, when aligned in an orientation independent manner along a longitudinal axis (e.g., vertical axis). The trunk segments 1205a,b are adorned with radially extending branches 1210 at various locations along each of the segments. The artificial tree apparatus 1200 is illuminated with decorative light string assemblies 1215a, 1215b, associated with the trunk segments 1205a, 1205b, respectively.

Each of the light string assemblies 1215a,b includes a number of individually operable illumination modules 1220a, 1220b. Each of the illumination modules 1220a,b in this example is an individually addressable light engine, responsive to an independent, serially-addressed command signal targeting that individual illumination module 1220a,b. In some examples, at least some of the individual illumination modules 1220a,b may include a cascadable LED driver chip, such as the WS2811, commercially available from Worldsemi Co., Limited of China. In various examples, the LED driver chip may be addressable, and send and receive serial commands from and to adjacent illumination modules 1220a,b along either of the light assemblies 1215a,b. Each such driver chip may control illumination of one or more luminaires, such as a red, green, or blue (RGB), for example, in the illumination module 1220a,b in response to a received serial command signal. In the depicted figure, the illumination modules 1220a,b each receive an operating power signal 1225, a circuit return 1230 (e.g., ground, or circuit reference potential), and a command signal 1235. In various embodiments, the command signal 1235 may be a single wire configured to distribute a serial command signal, or 2 or more wires to provide command signals in the form of data, control, and/or clock signals, for example.

The light string assemblies 1235a,b extend between connectors 1240a,b and 1245a,b, respectively. The connectors 1240a,b and 1245a,b are releasably pluggable to make electrical connection to respective trunk segment connectors 1250a,b and 1255a,b. When so connected, the light string assembly 1215a,b may provide an electrical channel for a female trunk segment connector 1260a,b to transmit operating power 1225, the circuit return 1230, and serially addressable command signals 1235 to a male trunk segment connector 1265a,b at an opposite end of the trunk segment 1205a,b. When the male trunk segment connector 1265a of the first trunk segment 1205a is in engagement with the female trunk segment connector 1260b of the second trunk segment 1205b, then the operating power 1225, the circuit return 1230 and the command signal 1235 may be routed from the female trunk segment connector 1260a of the first segment, through the lights string assemblies 1215a,b, and to the male trunk segment connector 1265b of the second trunk segment 1205b. From there, one or more subsequent trunk segments (not shown) may be connected, and the operating power 1225, the circuit return 1230 and the command signal 1235 may be routed via the trunk segments and made available to operate additional loads, such as downstream light strings, controllers, and/or other loads.

In various embodiments, a number of the branches 1210 may be distributed at numerous locations around the trunk segments 1205a,b. There may be more than one light string assembly in each trunk segment 1205a,b. The connectors 1260a,b and 1265a,b may be, for example, self-aligning, examples of which are described with reference to FIGS. 7A-10D.

FIG. 13 depicts an end-in-bulb light string 1315a,b with power 1325a,b, circuit return 1330a,b, and data 1335a,b lines exiting via an aperture in each trunk segment, with the data 1335a,b line looping back to re-enter the trunk segment through the same aperture 1350a,b. An internal connection from the power and circuit return may extend directly between the female trunk segment connector 1260a,b and the male trunk segment connector 1265a,b. The data line 1335a,b passes serially through the light string 1315a,b, respectively.

A serial command signal transmitted by the controller (not shown) over the serial data line 1335a,b may include a first signal addressed to be received and accepted by one or more of the individual light illumination modules in the light string 1315a, while a second signal in that same serial command may be received and accepted by one or more of the individual light illumination modules in the light string 1315a. The second signal may be independent from the first signal. The first and second light strings 1315a,b may execute the first and second signals substantially simultaneously in response to the same serial command signal.

FIG. 14 depicts an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 12, except the ends of the light string 1415 are integrally connected inside the trunk segment 1405 rather than pluggably connected. Both ends of the light string 1415 enter and exit the trunk segment through a common aperture, for example.

FIG. 15 depicts a light string 1515 similar to the one of FIG. 12, with the addition of an additional control line (e.g., clock signal 1535b) that is distributed to each individually addressable illumination module, so as to accommodate serial data systems that operate synchronously, or with a clock input signal, in coordination with a serial data signal 1535a. In this example, the power 1525, circuit return 1530, the data 1535a, and clock 1535b extend between two opposing end connectors 1540 and 1545. If the connector 1540 is plugged in to the trunk segment (not shown), the connector 1545 is available to supply the power 1525, circuit return 1530, the data 1535a, and clock 1535b to operate downstream loads, such as light strings, controllers, splitters, and peripheral loads, for example.

FIG. 16 depicts a light string with at least 3 parallel current paths independently driven by an independent command signal. FIG. 16 depicts an exemplary light string 1615 with parallel circuits 1620a,b,c driven respectively by, in this example, three independent command signals 1635a,b,c that merge at a common return path 1630. Each of the circuits 1620a,b,c may have a unique color scheme and/or spatial distribution, for example, to provide for lighting effects. One or more of the lighting elements in any of the circuits 1620a,b,c may be individually addressable by, for example, serial commands supplied on the corresponding command signals 1635a,b,c.

In some embodiments, a light string, such as various ones of the light strings described with reference to FIGS. 12-16, for example, may include a pass-through channel for operating power to be distributed from a connector at one end to a connector at an opposite end of the light string. Such pass through of operating power may advantageously deliver power to at least one downstream controller and/or peripheral device(s), for example, that may be connected to at least one subsequent light string or device. Some examples of light strings may include command signals in addition to pass through power, and may be adapted for connection to receive operating power and command signals from the inside one of the trunk segments. Some examples that can be so configured are described with reference, for example, at least to FIG. 13 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/796,950, entitled “Low Voltage Coupling,” filed by Long, et al. on Jul. 10, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

In various implementations, operating power levels may be at or beyond a maximum efficiency operating point, or a stable operating point (e.g., voltage out of range). In order to expand compatibility and length capacity, some embodiments may further include a level shifting module in cascade-connected light strings, for example. Some examples that can be so configured are described with reference, for example, at least to FIGS. 1-3 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/576,661, entitled “Modular Light String System Having Independently Addressable Lighting Elements,” filed by Loomis, et al. on Dec. 19, 2014, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Although various embodiments have been described with reference to the Figures, other embodiments are possible. For example, the axial electrical connectors may be configured in other structural shapes. A first axial electrical connector may be configured in the shape of a concentric ring extending along an outside of a first trunk segment and beyond an end of the first trunk segment. A corresponding end of a second trunk segment may include an axial electrical connector formed into the end for being received by the first axial electrical connector in an overlapping manner.

In an exemplary embodiment, each branch segment may be attached separately to the trunk segments during assembly of the artificial tree apparatus in some exemplary embodiments. In other exemplary embodiments, one or more of the branch segments may be pre-attached to the trunk segments to lessen assembly time of the artificial tree apparatus. In some exemplary embodiments, the branch segments may be pivotally attached to the trunk segments such that the branch segments are folded up during storage to minimize an overall surface area of the artificial tree apparatus and during assembly the branch segments folded downwards to mimic a tree.

The branch segments may be configured in various lengths. The branch segments may be colored to match living trees or may incorporate other nontraditional colors, such as for example red, pink, blue, or white.

In accordance with another embodiment, each light emitting device may emit a pre-determined light pattern. For example, each light emitting device in a branch segment may blink at a given rate, remain constant, or gain/loss intensity. In other exemplary embodiments, some lighting devices on a branch segment may perform a first function while other lighting devices on the same branch segment may perform a second function, either simultaneously or at different times. For example, a first lighting device may blink while a second lighting device may remain constant on, while a third lighting device may increase/decrease light intensity only when the first and second lighting devices remain off. In other exemplary embodiments, a group of light emitting devices may collaborate together to emit the pre-determined light pattern. For example, the light emitting devices may emit different patterns to follow a beat to a popular song.

In accordance with another embodiment, the control system may comprise a single controller or a multitude of controllers. For example, a single controller may be located at the base of the artificial tree apparatus to generate and transmit command signals to respective light emitting devices upon the branch segments. In other exemplary embodiments, each branch segment may include a slave controller and a master controller may be located proximate the base of the artificial tree apparatus. The slave controllers may be located within the respective branch segments or trunk segments, for example.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the axial electrical connectors may include more than three contacts, such as 4, 5, 6, or 7 contacts for example, where each contact may be configured to carry an independent signal. In an exemplary embodiment, a first additional contact carries a first electrical command signal, a second additional contact carries a second electrical command signal and a third additional contact carries a third electrical command signal. For example, the first additional contact may carry an electrical command signal representative of a blinking light pattern, the second additional contact may carry an electrical command signal representative of an alternately fading/constant light pattern, and the third additional contact may carry an electrical command signal representative of a stepped light pattern. If a group of first lighting devices are configured to receive an electrical command signal from the first additional contact, the first lighting devices receive an electrical command signal representative of a blinking light pattern.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, the electrical command signal may include different types of data pertaining to illumination. For example, the command signals may include data pertaining to a light pattern. In other examples, the command signals may include data pertaining to a light intensity, such as brightness of an outputted light. In other examples, the command signals may include data pertaining to a light color. In some examples, the electrical command signal may include different types of data pertaining to sound. For example, the command signal may include data pertaining to a song or a musical note. In an exemplary embodiment, some trunk segments or branch segments may include speakers for outputting a sound received by the electrical command signal.

In various embodiments, apparatus and methods may involve a controller having a voice activated light controller. A command signal may be generated based upon a voice command given to the controller. For example, a user may speak the words “blinking red channel 1,” and the controller would interpret the voice command, generate, and transmit an electrical command signal along channel 1 wire that causes the light emitting devices to output a red colored blinking pattern. In some embodiments, a tangible on/off switch may be incorporated into the controller and/or light emitting devices. For example, the user may turn the light emitting devices on and off via a special touch sensor ornament (e.g., a metal snowflake) that is permanently attached to the artificial tree apparatus.

In various embodiments, signal and power carrying wires may be strung internally through the trunk segments such that there will be no visibility of the signal and power carrying wires from an outside of the trunk segments. In some embodiments, wireless transmission may be used to communicate a command signal to one or more light emitting devices. In other embodiments, a wireless transmission may be used to communicate a command signal to a receiver local to the respective branch segment, where the branch segment then directs the command signal to the light emitting devices upon the respective branch segment via wired or wireless transmission.

In various embodiments, an electric motor may be incorporated into the base of the artificial tree apparatus to cause the artificial tree apparatus to rotate. In some implementations, a wireless remote control permits the user to turn the light emitting devices on and off, as well as turn the motor on and off. The motor may be connected to the base, such as for example to the top of the base through a plug and socket arrangement.

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a control system may generate a plurality of electrical command signals each intended for a specific group of light emitting devices on a singular branch segment or singular trunk segment. For example, a first trunk segment may be configured to receive a first electrical command signal representative of a red blinking pattern. The red blinking pattern may be transmitted to each of the light emitting devices directly connected to the first trunk segment. In some examples, a second trunk segment may be configured to receive a second electrical command signal generated by the control system and representative of a blue constant on pattern. The blue constant on pattern may be transmitted to each of the light emitting devices directly connected to the second trunk segment.

By way of example and not limitation, load devices may include motors, audio transducers, light emitting diodes or other light emitting devices, for example, either alone or in combinations. In some implementations, a user-controlled switch may be located upon each trunk segment for corresponding branch segments having load devices. In various implementations, a user-controlled switch may be located next to each branch segment such that each trunk segment may have a plurality of user-controlled multi-position switches, for example. In some examples, a specific command signal may be associated with a specific radial receptacle such that each branch segment may be plugged into a pre-determined radial receptacle determined by the illumination pattern and color intended for the light emitting devices connected to the branch segment.

In various examples, one or more branches may be associated with a load circuit. One or more of the load circuits may include a group of light emitting devices. In some implementations, each group of light emitting devices may be manually configured via one or more user-interfaces. In some implementations, adjoining trunk segments may couple via an axially-symmetric connection system that permits connection in any radial orientation relative to the longitudinal axis of the trunk or column. In some examples, the control system may output a plurality of (e.g., electrical, optical) command signals. Each command signal may be, in some embodiments, intended for and/or addressed to a specific predetermined load.

In some embodiments, a communication signal may be transmitted to the controller to command the controller to enter one of a plurality of user-selectable modes. Each mode may be associated with a corresponding illumination signal to be generated and transmitted to the light emitting devices. For example, a wireless transmission having a command for an illumination signal may be sent from a mobile device over a local or wide-area network to the controller. Upon receiving the command, the controller may then generate or relay the signal to the light emitting devices through the internal transmission wires within the trunk segments and along or through the branch segments.

In various embodiments, a multi-channel signals may include serial, multiplexed, and/or parallel techniques. For example, a single conductive path within the tree column may carry an operating current (e.g., power/return, bias supply, etc. . . . ) and, in combination, a time and/or frequency division or multiplexed command or information signal. Multi-channel signals used to control, for example, a plurality of independent load circuits, for example, may share a common conductive transmission path in addition to a common return path, for example. Multi-channel signals may include, by way of example, and not limitation, time-division multiplex, frequency division multiplex, space-division multiplex, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, phase modulation, quadrature keying, and other known modulation techniques for encoding one or more independent signals. As such, for example, a power line carrier technique could be employed to control a plurality of independent loads with a two wire system that supplies operating current to all of the loads simultaneously.

In an illustrative example, a two wire system could provide power, return, and a modulated signal encoding a multiplexed n=4 bit (e.g., n may be about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or at least about 8 or more) data stream that enables the controller to directly address commands to any of 16 independently addressable loads via the tree column. Commands to be performed at the load device can be formatted in 4 bit chunks to be received by the addressed decoder.

In some implementations, voltage level output from a power supply controlled by the controller may encode a command or information signal that can be detected using level detection circuits, which may be distributed in one or more multiplexer modules or signal routers, for example.

Multi-channel signals may include electrical signals conducted via the tree column. In certain embodiments, multi-channel signals may also include signals or combinations of signals conveyed in various forms via the tree column. By way of example and not limitation, the tree column may convey commands, power, or other information signals via pneumatic, optical (e.g., light, infrared, UV, laser), fiber optic, mechanical (e.g., vibrational, push-rods), magnetic states, electrochemical mechanisms. Signal handling systems within the trunk may include signal transport (e.g., fiber optic, conductor, semiconductor), signal processing (e.g., optical filtering, electromagnetic reflectors, addressable decoders), switching apparatus (e.g., multiplexers, decoders, magnetic switches, hall effect switches, semiconductor switches, logic gates, etc. . . . ), and interface apparatus (e.g., transducers, interconnects, transformers, optocouplers, manifolds, etc. . . . ).

With reference to the example depicted in FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the first axial electrical connector 215 may not be recessed within the first trunk segment 200 and the inter-segment coupling of the trunk segments 200, 205 could be made solely by electrical connectors.

Although various examples have been described with reference to decorative plants, other implementations are possible. By way of example and not limitation, a plurality of power, command, and/or information signals may be communicated via signal paths disposed within a central pole member, for example, in a household floor lamp. Various advantages may accrue to such products, for example, in easy of manufacture, high performance capability, and/or improved electrical safety.

In one exemplary aspect, an artificial tree apparatus may include a first trunk segment having a first axial electrical connector, and a second trunk segment having a second axial electrical connector. The second axial electrical connector is adapted to longitudinally align and connect with the first axial electrical connector in a non-radial dependent manner. The apparatus further includes a first branch segment having a first light string replaceably disposable about the first branch segment. The first branch segment radially extends from the first trunk segment. A second branch segment has a second light string replaceably disposable about the second branch segment. The second branch segment radially extends from the second trunk segment. A control system is configured to generate a first electrical command signal and a second electrical command signal. Operating power for the first and second light strings and the first and the second electrical command signals are transmitted from the first trunk segment to the second trunk segment through connection of the first and second axial electrical connectors. The first light string is configured to receive the first electrical command signal and the second light string is configured to receive the second electrical command signal.

In some embodiments of the artificial tree apparatus, the first electrical command signal may correspond to a first light pattern and the second electrical command signal may correspond to a second light pattern. The first light pattern may be different from the second light pattern. The first light pattern may include a first light color and the second light pattern may include a second light color. The first light pattern may include a visually perceptible visual light effect. The control system may include at least one user interface for altering the first electrical command signal or the second electrical command signal.

The artificial tree apparatus may include a first user interface and a second user interface. The first user interface may be adapted for operative route selection of the first electrical command signal or the second electrical command signal to the first light string. The second user interface may be adapted for operative route selection of the first electrical command signal or the second electrical command signal to the second light string. The first user interface may be located upon the first trunk segment and the second user interface may be located upon the second trunk segment. The first light string may be comprised of a first LED light string and the second light string may be comprised of a second LED light string. The apparatus may further include a plurality of channel wires extending within the first trunk segment and the second trunk segment from the control system for transmitting the first electrical command signal and the second electrical command signal. The control system may be configured to wirelessly receive user input signals from a mobile device. The control system may select a user-selectable mode in response to the wirelessly received user input signals.

In another exemplary aspect, an artificial tree apparatus may include a first trunk segment having a first axial electrical connector, and a second trunk segment having a second axial electrical connector. The second axial electrical connector may be adapted to longitudinally align and connect with the first axial electrical connector in a non-radial dependent manner. The apparatus further includes a first branch segment, wherein the first branch segment radially extends from the first trunk segment. A first light string is replaceably disposable about the first branch segment. A second branch segment radially extends from the second trunk segment. A second light string is replaceably disposable about the second branch segment. A current path in the first trunk segment connects to supply operating power to the first light string and to the first axial connector. At least one current path in the first trunk segment receives a first electrical command signal and a second electrical command signal from a control system. Operating power and the second electrical command signals are transmitted from the first trunk segment to the second trunk segment when the first and second axial electrical connectors are connected. The first light string is configurable to receive the first electrical command signal and the second light string is configurable to receive the second electrical command signal.

In various embodiments of the artificial tree apparatus, the first electrical command signal may correspond to a first light pattern. The second electrical command signal may correspond to a second light pattern. The first light pattern may be independent from the second light pattern. The first light string may be pluggably connectable to a first connector on the first trunk segment to receive the operating power and the first electrical command signal. The second light string may be pluggably connectable to a second connector on the second trunk segment to receive the operating power and the second electrical command signal.

The first electrical command signal and the second electrical command signal may be transmitted from the control system as a single serial data stream.

The control system may be configured to wirelessly receive user input signals from a mobile device. The control system may select a user-selectable mode in response to the wirelessly received user input signals. One or more of the user input signals may include an address associated with a specific one of the first and the second channels. The control system may be configured to receive the user input signals using a wireless communications protocol (e.g., Bluetooth, ZygBee).

A number of implementations have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modification may be made. For example, advantageous results may be achieved if the steps of the disclosed techniques were performed in a different sequence, or if components of the disclosed systems were combined in a different manner, or if the components were supplemented with other components. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. An artificial tree comprising: a first trunk section including: a first plurality of branches pivotally connected to the first trunk section;a direct current (DC) plug located proximate a first end of the first trunk section, the DC plug including a first plurality of electrical terminals disposed entirely within an internal cavity defined by an outer wall of the first trunk section; anda first electrical conducting system located within the internal cavity of the first trunk section, the first electrical conducting system connected to the DC plug; anda second trunk section including: a second plurality of branches pivotally connected to the second trunk section;a DC socket located proximate a second end of the second trunk section, the DC socket including a second plurality of electrical terminals disposed entirely within an internal cavity defined by an outer wall of the second trunk section;a second electrical conducting system located within the internal cavity of the second trunk section, the second electrical conducting system connected to the DC socket; anda tree topper socket located proximate a first end of the second trunk section; anda third trunk section configured to connect with the tree topper socket of the second trunk section,wherein each of the first plurality of electrical terminals aligns with a corresponding electrical terminal of the second plurality of electrical terminals when the first and second trunk sections are connected, andwherein the artificial tree is configured to transmit power and/or instruction signals throughout the artificial tree via the first and second plurality of electrical terminals and the first and second electrical conducting systems.
2. The artificial tree of claim 1 further comprising a light string configured to electrically communicate with at least one of the DC plug and the DC socket.
3. The artificial tree of claim 1, wherein at least one electrical terminal of the first plurality of electrical terminals and at least one electrical terminal of the second plurality of electrical terminals are configured to transmit instruction signals.
4. The artificial tree of claim 1, wherein the tree topper socket comprises a third plurality of electrical terminals.
5. The artificial tree of claim 4, wherein the third trunk section comprises an electrical connector having a fourth plurality of electrical terminals, the electrical connector of the third trunk section configured to mate with the tree topper socket such that the third plurality of electric terminals aligns with and contacts the fourth plurality of electrical terminals.
6. The artificial tree of claim 1 further comprising a first alignment mechanism and a second alignment mechanism, and wherein the first alignment mechanism and the second alignment mechanism are configured to cooperate to orient the first and second trunk sections such that, while the first trunk section and the second trunk section are being mated, the DC plug is oriented with respect to the DC socket.
7. The artificial tree of claim 1, wherein the DC plug is configured to couple to the DC socket both in a first rotational alignment of the DC plug relative to the DC socket and a second rotational alignment of the DC plug relative to the DC socket.
8. The artificial tree of claim 1 further comprising a control system configured to receive an input power and generate an output power and a plurality of control signals, wherein the first trunk section is configured to transmit the output power and a control signal of the first plurality of control signals from the first trunk section to the second trunk section via connection of the DC plug and the DC socket.
9. The artificial tree of claim 8, wherein the control system is configured to wirelessly receive user input signals from a mobile device, and wherein the control system is configured to operate in accordance with a selected user-selectable mode in response to the wirelessly received user input signals.
10. A modular artificial tree, comprising: a first hollow trunk portion having a first end and a second end and defining a first internal cavity, the first internal cavity having disposed at least partially therein a first electrical distribution system including (i) a first electrical wire, (ii) a second electrical wire, and (iii) a first light string connector;a first trunk connector wholly inserted into the first internal cavity and connected to an inner portion of a trunk wall of the first hollow trunk portion;a first concentric electrical contact set including a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact connected to the first trunk connector and electrically connected to the first electrical wire and the second electrical wire of the first electrical distribution system, respectively;a first light string, the first light string (i) disposed on a first plurality of branches, the first plurality of branches pivotally connected to the first hollow trunk portion, and (ii) configured to electrically connect to the modular artificial tree via the first light string connector;a second hollow trunk portion having a first end and a second end and defining a second internal cavity, the first end including a first portion and a second portion, the first portion having a diameter that is less than a diameter of the second portion, the first portion being configured to fit into the second end of the first hollow trunk portion, and the second cavity internal having disposed at least partially therein a second electrical distribution system including (i) a first electrical wire, (ii) a second electrical wire, and (iii) a second light string connector;a second trunk connector at least partially inserted into the second internal cavity and connected to an inner portion of a trunk wall of the second hollow trunk portion;a second light string, the second light string (i) disposed on a second plurality of branches, the second plurality of branches pivotally connected to the second hollow trunk portion, and (ii) configured to electrically connect to the modular artificial tree via the second light string connector;a second concentric electrical contact set including a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact connected to the second trunk connector and electrically connected to the first electrical wire and the second electrical wire of the second electrical distribution system, respectively, and the second concentric electrical contact set disposed entirely within the second internal cavity;a tree topper socket located proximate an end of the second hollow trunk portion; anda third trunk portion configured to connect with the tree topper socket of the second trunk portion,wherein inserting the first portion of the first end of the second hollow trunk portion into the second end of the first hollow trunk portion causes the first electrical contact set to be electrically connected to the second electrical contact set and the first electrical distribution system to be electrically connected to the second electrical distribution system.
11. The modular artificial tree of claim 10, wherein the tree topper socket comprises a third plurality of electrical terminals.
12. The modular artificial tree of claim 11, wherein the third trunk portion comprises an electrical connector having a fourth plurality of electrical terminals, the electrical connector of the third trunk portion configured to mate with the tree topper socket such that the third plurality of electric terminals aligns with and contacts the fourth plurality of electrical terminals.
13. The modular artificial tree of claim 10, wherein the first concentric electrical contact set is configured to couple to the second concentric electrical contact set both in a first rotational alignment of the first trunk connector relative to the second trunk connector and a second rotational alignment of the first trunk connector relative to the second trunk connector.
14. The modular artificial tree of claim 10, wherein one of the first electrical distribution system and the second electrical distribution system further comprises an alternating current (AC) type connector.
15. The modular artificial tree of claim 10, wherein the first trunk connector comprises a direct current (DC) plug and the second trunk connector comprises a DC socket.
16. The modular artificial tree of claim 10, wherein the first light string is configured to detachably couple to the first light string connector and the second light string is configured detachably couple to the second light string connector.
17. The modular artificial tree of claim 10 further comprising: a third electrical contact set including a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact connected to the first trunk connector, the third electrical contact set disposed entirely within the first internal cavity; anda fourth electrical contact set including a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact connected to the second trunk connector, the fourth electrical contact set disposed entirely within the second internal cavity,wherein connecting the first and second hollow trunk portions causes the third electrical contact set to be electrically connected to the fourth electrical contact set.
18. The modular artificial tree of claim 17, wherein the first concentric contact set and the second concentric contact set are configured to transmit DC power throughout the artificial tree and the third contact set and the fourth contact set are configured to transmit AC power throughout the artificial tree.
19. A multi-terminal artificial tree, comprising: a first cylindrical trunk body defining a first trunk cavity and including a first end;a first electrical connector positioned at least in part within the first trunk cavity of the first trunk body and including (i) a first connector body, (ii) a first electrical terminal, (iii) a second electrical terminal, and (iv) a third electrical terminal; anda second cylindrical trunk body defining a second trunk cavity and including a second end, the second end of the second cylindrical trunk body configured to couple to the first end of the first cylindrical trunk body;a second electrical connector positioned at least in part within the second trunk cavity of the second trunk body and including (i) a second connector body, (ii) a first electrical terminal, (iii) a second electrical terminal, and (iv) a third electrical terminal;a tree topper socket connector positioned at least in part within the second trunk cavity of the second trunk body; anda third cylindrical trunk body configured to couple with the tree topper socket of the second trunk body,wherein the first electrical connector is configured to couple to the second electrical connector such that the first electrical terminal of the first electrical connector makes an electrical connection with the first electrical terminal of the second electrical connector, the second electrical terminal of the first electrical connector makes an electrical connection with the second electrical terminal of the second electrical connector, and the third electrical terminal of the first electrical connector makes an electrical connection with the third electrical terminal of the second electrical connector, andwherein the first electrical connector is configured to couple to the second electrical connector both in a first rotational alignment of the first electrical connector relative to the second electrical connector and a second rotational alignment of the first electrical connector relative to the second electrical connector.
20. The multi-terminal artificial tree of claim 19, wherein the tree topper socket comprises a first plurality of electrical terminals.
21. The multi-terminal artificial tree of claim 20, wherein the third cylindrical trunk body comprises an electrical connector having a second plurality of electrical terminals, the electrical connector of the third cylindrical trunk body configured to couple with the tree topper socket such that the first plurality of electric terminals aligns with and contacts the second plurality of electrical terminals.
22. The multi-terminal artificial tree of claim 19, wherein first electrical connector further includes a fourth electrical terminal, and the second electrical connector further includes a fourth electrical terminal.
23. The multi-terminal artificial tree of claim 19, wherein the first electrical terminal of the first electrical connector is coaxial with the second electrical terminal of the first electrical connector, and the first electrical terminal of the second electrical connector is coaxial with the second electric terminal of the second electrical connector.
24. The multi-terminal artificial tree of claim 19 further comprising a control system configured to generate a plurality of command signals, wherein the control system is configured to wirelessly receive user input signals from a mobile device, and wherein the control system is configured to operate in accordance with a selected user-selectable mode in response to the wirelessly received user input signals.
25. A modular artificial tree, comprising: a first tree portion, including: a first trunk portion including a first cylindrical wall defining a first trunk cavity,a first plurality of branches pivotally connected to the first trunk portion,a first light emitting diode (LED) light string disposed on the first plurality of branches,a first direct current (DC) connector interface, anda first connector configured to electrically communicate with the first DC connector interface, the first connector located at least partially within the first trunk cavity and secured to the first cylindrical wall, the first connector including a first pair of electrical terminals sharing a longitudinal axis and disposed entirely within the first trunk cavity;a second tree portion, including: a second trunk portion including a second cylindrical wall defining a second trunk cavity,a second plurality of branches pivotally connected to the second trunk portion,a second LED light string disposed on a first portion of the second plurality of branches,a second DC connector interface,a third LED light string disposed on a second portion on the second plurality of branches,a third DC connector interface,a second connector configured to electrically communicate with the second DC connector interface and the third DC connector interface, the second connector located at least partially within the second trunk cavity and secured to the second cylindrical wall, the second connector including a second pair of electrical terminals sharing a longitudinal axis and disposed entirely within the first trunk cavity, the second connector configured to mechanically and electrically connect to the first connector in a plurality of rotational alignment positions, anda tree topper socket; anda third tree portion configured to couple with the tree topper socket and including a third plurality of branches connected to the third tree portion,wherein the first tree portion is configured to couple with the second tree portion such that the first connector is coupled to the second connector, and the first pair of electrical terminals are electrically connected to the second pair of electrical terminals, thereby mechanically coupling and electrically connecting the first tree portion to the second tree portion.
26. The modular artificial tree of claim 25, wherein the first LED light string is configured to electrically connect to the first tree portion via the first DC connector interface, the second LED light string is configured to electrically connect to the second tree portion via the second DC connector interface, and the third LED light string is configured to electrically connect to the second tree portion via the third DC connector interface.
27. The modular artificial tree of claim 25, wherein the tree topper socket comprises a third pair of electrical terminals.
28. The modular artificial tree of claim 27, wherein the third tree portion comprises a third connector having a fourth pair electrical terminals, the third connector of the third tree portion configured to couple with the tree topper socket such that the third pair of electrical terminals aligns with and contacts the fourth pair of electrical terminals.
29. The modular artificial tree of claim 25 further comprising a first alignment mechanism and a second alignment mechanism, and wherein the first alignment mechanism and the second alignment mechanism are configured to cooperate to orient the assembled first and second tree portions such that, while the second tree portion and the first tree portion are being coupled, the first connector is oriented with respect to the second connector.
30. The modular artificial tree of claim 25 further comprising a control system configured to generate a plurality of command signals, wherein the first LED light string includes a first group of LEDs and a second group of LEDs, and the control system is configured to selectively power the first group of LEDs and the second group of LEDs such that one of the first group of LEDs and the second group of LEDs is powered off and the other of the first group of LEDs and the second group of LEDs is powered on.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is: a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/588,440, titled “Power Pole for Artificial Tree Apparatus with Axial Electrical Connectors,” filed by Jason Loomis on Sep. 30, 2019, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/783,934, titled “Power Pole for Artificial Tree Apparatus with Axial Electrical Connectors,” filed by Jason Loomis on Oct. 13, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/272,217 titled “Architecture for Routing Multi-Channel Commands Via a Tree Column,” filed by Jason Loomis on Sep. 21, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/831,625, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,833,098, titled “Architecture for Routing Multi-Channel Commands Via a Tree Column,” filed by Jason Loomis on Aug. 20, 2015, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/745,795, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,173,443, titled “Architecture for Routing Multi-Channel Commands Via a Tree Column,” filed by Jason Loomis on Jan. 19, 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/288,114 titled “Artificial Tree Apparatus with Axial Electrical Connectors,” filed by Jason Loomis on Nov. 3, 2011, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/836,425, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,053,042, titled “Artificial Tree Apparatus,” filed by Jason Loomis on Jul. 14, 2010, which claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/225,258 titled “Artificial Tree Apparatus,” filed by Jason Loomis on Jul. 14, 2009. This application incorporates the entire contents of the foregoing application(s) herein by reference.

US Referenced Citations (304)

Number	Name	Date	Kind
377953	Mills	Feb 1888	A
438310	Edison	Oct 1890	A
534021	Swan	Feb 1895	A
735010	Zahl	Jul 1903	A
918083	Palmer	Apr 1909	A
1456194	Rosenberg	May 1923	A
1479420	Nenno	Jan 1924	A
1495695	Karr	May 1924	A
1590220	Wurts	Jun 1924	A
1656148	Harris	Jan 1928	A
1837890	Goater	Dec 1931	A
1922022	Barnett	Aug 1933	A
1974472	Seghers	Sep 1934	A
2025189	Yanchenko	Dec 1935	A
2047045	Veenboer	Jul 1936	A
2112281	Ferris	Mar 1938	A
2151897	Chaplin	Mar 1939	A
2188529	Corina	Jan 1940	A
2227123	Christen	Dec 1940	A
2229211	Korengold	Jan 1941	A
2242597	Quandee	May 1941	A
2275533	Landy	Mar 1942	A
2277532	Smith, Jr.	Mar 1942	A
2284837	O'Brien	Jun 1942	A
2402766	Moore	Jun 1946	A
2453695	Belling	Nov 1948	A
2453925	Mendonca	Nov 1948	A
2481181	Walter	Sep 1949	A
2485460	Rocco	Oct 1949	A
2515255	O'Brien et al.	Jul 1950	A
2533374	Hyland	Dec 1950	A
2558029	Wood	Jun 1951	A
2563713	Frei et al.	Aug 1951	A
2605386	Syretz	Jul 1952	A
2679911	Bhend	Jun 1954	A
2684401	Roeser	Jul 1954	A
2759095	Kline	Aug 1956	A
2806938	Henry	Sep 1957	A
2857506	Minteer	Oct 1958	A
2875421	Jordan	Feb 1959	A
2910842	Senseng	Nov 1959	A
2932811	Abraham et al.	Apr 1960	A
2938355	Dougherty	May 1960	A
2969456	Raymaley	Jan 1961	A
2973546	Roche	Mar 1961	A
2977566	Neumann et al.	Mar 1961	A
3009052	Holbrook	Nov 1961	A
3019357	Zaffina	Jan 1962	A
3101291	Lalick	Aug 1963	A
3107966	Bonhomme	Oct 1963	A
3115435	Abramson	Dec 1963	A
3118617	Hellrich	Jan 1964	A
3131112	Abramson	Apr 1964	A
3133703	Monroe	May 1964	A
3214579	Pacini	Oct 1965	A
3234073	Raymond et al.	Feb 1966	A
3290918	Weasler	Dec 1966	A
3300163	Randolf	Jan 1967	A
3306206	Grantham	Feb 1967	A
3390369	Zavertnik et al.	Jul 1968	A
3409867	Lessner	Nov 1968	A
3470527	Bonhomme	Sep 1969	A
3521216	Tolegian	Jul 1970	A
3531759	Hansen	Sep 1970	A
3571586	Duckworth	Mar 1971	A
3585564	Skjervoll	Jun 1971	A
3602531	Patry	Aug 1971	A
3603780	Lu	Sep 1971	A
3616102	Baus	Oct 1971	A
3617732	Fisher	Nov 1971	A
3634180	DeCosmo et al.	Jan 1972	A
3640496	Duncan	Feb 1972	A
3652972	Kreider	Mar 1972	A
3663924	Gerlat	May 1972	A
3715708	Lloyd et al.	Feb 1973	A
3723723	Lerner	Mar 1973	A
3735117	Hunt	May 1973	A
3902781	Kommern et al.	Sep 1975	A
3924882	Ellis	Dec 1975	A
3928689	Mottel	Dec 1975	A
3945707	Fitzgerald	Mar 1976	A
3963321	Burger et al.	Jun 1976	A
3970832	Smith	Jul 1976	A
3970834	Smith	Jul 1976	A
3971619	Rohrssen	Jul 1976	A
3985924	Pritza	Oct 1976	A
4005923	Davis, Jr.	Jan 1977	A
4020201	Miller	Apr 1977	A
4054696	Crownover	Oct 1977	A
4057665	Szulewski	Nov 1977	A
4068118	Carrington	Jan 1978	A
4072857	Devicaris	Feb 1978	A
4097917	McCaslin	Jun 1978	A
4109345	Sargent et al.	Aug 1978	A
4140823	Weskamp	Feb 1979	A
4247216	Pansini	Jan 1981	A
4318630	Herchenbach et al.	Mar 1982	A
4336974	Wilson	Jun 1982	A
4385849	Crain	May 1983	A
4437782	Geisthoff	Mar 1984	A
4447279	Boisvert et al.	May 1984	A
4462065	Rhodes	Jul 1984	A
4516193	Murphy	May 1985	A
4525773	Hesse et al.	Jun 1985	A
4545750	Davis	Oct 1985	A
4595248	Brown	Jun 1986	A
4602831	Lockard	Jul 1986	A
4620270	Laakso	Oct 1986	A
4636106	Waisbrod	Jan 1987	A
4655515	Hamsher, Jr. et al.	Apr 1987	A
4662775	Faul	May 1987	A
4705483	Davis et al.	Nov 1987	A
4737120	Grabbe et al.	Apr 1988	A
4753600	Williams	Jun 1988	A
4772215	Falk	Sep 1988	A
4775922	Engel	Oct 1988	A
4793646	Michaud, Jr.	Dec 1988	A
4805075	Damore	Feb 1989	A
4830626	Liu	May 1989	A
4855880	Mancusi, Jr.	Aug 1989	A
4858086	Pietrantonio et al.	Aug 1989	A
5015510	Smith	May 1991	A
5067906	Woodgate	Nov 1991	A
5073129	Szegda	Dec 1991	A
5088669	Zinnbauer	Feb 1992	A
5091834	Kao	Feb 1992	A
5149223	Watts	Sep 1992	A
5149282	Donato et al.	Sep 1992	A
5217393	Del Negro et al.	Jun 1993	A
5276280	Ball	Jan 1994	A
5300864	Allen, Jr.	Apr 1994	A
5306176	Coffey	Apr 1994	A
5349780	Dyke	Sep 1994	A
5362251	Bielak	Nov 1994	A
5409403	Falossi	Apr 1995	A
5409745	McGuire	Apr 1995	A
5422797	Shattan	Jun 1995	A
5431578	Wayne et al.	Jul 1995	A
5454729	Wen-Te	Oct 1995	A
5455750	Davis	Oct 1995	A
5492429	Hodges	Feb 1996	A
5517390	Zins	May 1996	A
5550720	Carroll	Aug 1996	A
5603626	Wayne et al.	Feb 1997	A
5629587	Gray et al.	May 1997	A
5639157	Yeh	Jun 1997	A
5652032	Kaczor et al.	Jul 1997	A
5667393	Grabbe et al.	Sep 1997	A
5695279	Sonnleitner et al.	Dec 1997	A
5712002	Reilly, III	Jan 1998	A
5758545	Fevre	Jun 1998	A
5776559	Woolford	Jul 1998	A
5776599	Haluska et al.	Jul 1998	A
5803750	Purington et al.	Sep 1998	A
5855705	Gauthier	Jan 1999	A
5878989	Allman	Mar 1999	A
5957562	Hill	Sep 1999	A
5979859	Vartanov et al.	Nov 1999	A
6006477	Ko	Dec 1999	A
6030670	Chang	Feb 2000	A
6056427	Kao	May 2000	A
6065233	Rink	May 2000	A
6068490	Salzberg	May 2000	A
6091204	Chen	Jul 2000	A
6099920	Kao	Aug 2000	A
6226146	Landess et al.	May 2001	B1
6241559	Taylor	Jun 2001	B1
6257793	Lin	Jul 2001	B1
6273584	Wang et al.	Aug 2001	B1
6323597	Janning	Nov 2001	B1
6354231	Morris	Mar 2002	B1
6418949	Lin	Jul 2002	B1
6457839	Grandoit	Oct 2002	B1
6458435	Lai	Oct 2002	B1
6462311	Emiglio	Oct 2002	B1
6588914	Tang	Jul 2003	B1
6592094	Kao	Jul 2003	B1
6619876	Vaikus et al.	Sep 2003	B2
6652927	Chen	Nov 2003	B1
6695464	Wu	Feb 2004	B1
6733167	Kao	May 2004	B1
6752512	Pan	Jun 2004	B2
6773134	Harvey	Aug 2004	B2
6794574	Gust	Sep 2004	B2
6794825	Kao	Sep 2004	B1
6796683	Wood et al.	Sep 2004	B2
6840663	Kao	Jan 2005	B2
6854916	Hsieh	Feb 2005	B2
6869316	Hinkle et al.	Mar 2005	B2
6883951	Wu	Apr 2005	B2
6945805	Bollinger	Sep 2005	B1
6951405	Yao	Oct 2005	B2
7021598	Kao	Apr 2006	B2
7029145	Frederick	Apr 2006	B2
7052156	Primeau	May 2006	B2
7055981	Yao	Jun 2006	B2
7066739	McLeish	Jun 2006	B2
7074044	Billing et al.	Jul 2006	B2
7081027	Woodward	Jul 2006	B2
7108514	Chen et al.	Sep 2006	B2
7122230	Maskell	Oct 2006	B1
7132139	Yang	Nov 2006	B2
7144610	Estes et al.	Dec 2006	B1
7186050	Dean	Mar 2007	B2
7192303	Kohen	Mar 2007	B2
7196477	Richmond	Mar 2007	B2
7207844	Peng	Apr 2007	B2
7264479	Lee	Sep 2007	B1
7279633	Waters	Oct 2007	B2
7311421	Fahl	Dec 2007	B1
7311566	Dent	Dec 2007	B2
7318744	Kuo	Jan 2008	B2
7322720	Haddad	Jan 2008	B1
7322873	Rosen et al.	Jan 2008	B2
7361039	Koehler	Apr 2008	B2
7404686	Volum	Jul 2008	B2
7429827	Richmond	Sep 2008	B2
7445824	Leung et al.	Nov 2008	B2
7527508	Lee	May 2009	B1
7537457	Rashkover	May 2009	B2
7554266	Chen	Jun 2009	B1
7585187	Daily et al.	Sep 2009	B2
7585552	Meseke	Sep 2009	B2
7609006	Gibboney	Oct 2009	B2
7652210	White	Jan 2010	B2
7665996	Jaeger	Feb 2010	B2
7784961	Rawlings	Aug 2010	B1
7819575	Li	Oct 2010	B2
7943211	Chen	May 2011	B2
7980871	Li et al.	Jul 2011	B2
7986101	Neuman	Jul 2011	B2
8047700	Massabki et al.	Nov 2011	B2
8052442	Li et al.	Nov 2011	B1
8053042	Loomis	Nov 2011	B1
8062718	Schooley	Nov 2011	B2
8100546	Lutz et al.	Jan 2012	B2
8132649	Rogers	Mar 2012	B2
8226269	Mateer et al.	Jul 2012	B2
8235737	Cheng et al.	Aug 2012	B2
8298633	Chen	Oct 2012	B1
8309188	Cheng et al.	Nov 2012	B2
8384294	Hatley et al.	Feb 2013	B2
8403523	Gerlach et al.	Mar 2013	B2
8419455	Cheng et al.	Apr 2013	B2
8454186	Chen	Jun 2013	B2
8454187	Chen	Jun 2013	B2
8469734	Chen	Jun 2013	B2
8527508	Takahashi et al.	Sep 2013	B2
8568015	Chen	Oct 2013	B2
8573548	Kuhn et al.	Nov 2013	B2
8593074	Hatley et al.	Nov 2013	B2
8633649	Hatley et al.	Jan 2014	B2
8723450	Hatley et al.	May 2014	B2
8753135	Cheng et al.	Jun 2014	B2
8863416	Leung et al.	Oct 2014	B2
8916242	Fu et al.	Dec 2014	B2
8936379	Chen	Jan 2015	B1
8959810	Leung et al.	Feb 2015	B1
8974072	Chen	Mar 2015	B2
9055777	Chen	Jun 2015	B2
9066617	Chen	Jun 2015	B2
9119495	Leung	Sep 2015	B2
9173443	Loomis	Nov 2015	B2
9912109	Leung et al.	Mar 2018	B2
20030073325	Canizales, Jr.	Apr 2003	A1
20040002266	Hinkle et al.	Jan 2004	A1
20050148241	Kohen	Jul 2005	A1
20050249892	Rocheleau	Nov 2005	A1
20060048397	King et al.	Mar 2006	A1
20060062940	Steiger et al.	Mar 2006	A1
20060068129	Yang	Mar 2006	A1
20060164834	Kao	Jul 2006	A1
20060264080	Peng	Nov 2006	A1
20070230174	Hicks et al.	Oct 2007	A1
20070253191	Chin et al.	Nov 2007	A1
20070273296	Janning	Nov 2007	A9
20080143267	Neuman	Jun 2008	A1
20080149791	Bradley	Jun 2008	A1
20080283717	Kim et al.	Nov 2008	A1
20090023315	Pfeiffer	Jan 2009	A1
20100000065	Cheng et al.	Jan 2010	A1
20100053991	Boggs	Mar 2010	A1
20100072747	Krize	Mar 2010	A1
20100099287	Colburn et al.	Apr 2010	A1
20100157601	Robb	Jun 2010	A1
20100159713	Nishihira et al.	Jun 2010	A1
20100196628	Shooley	Aug 2010	A1
20100271804	Levine	Oct 2010	A1
20100289415	Chen	Nov 2010	A1
20110085327	Chen	Apr 2011	A1
20110195204	Chen	Aug 2011	A1
20110215368	Chen	Sep 2011	A1
20110256750	Chen	Oct 2011	A1
20110286223	Chen	Nov 2011	A1
20110303939	Chen	Dec 2011	A1
20110305022	Chen	Dec 2011	A1
20120075863	Chen	Mar 2012	A1
20120076957	Chen	Mar 2012	A1
20120236546	Chen	Sep 2012	A1
20120327658	Chen	Dec 2012	A1
20130108808	Leung et al.	May 2013	A1
20130120971	Chen	May 2013	A1
20150029703	Chen	Jan 2015	A1
20170040755	Leung et al.	Feb 2017	A1

Foreign Referenced Citations (32)

Number	Date	Country
4837796	Sep 1996	AU
1182513	Feb 1985	CA
2214074	Sep 1996	CA
2332290	Aug 1999	CN
843632	Jul 1952	DE
8436328.2	Apr 1985	DE
3521216	May 1986	DE
10235081	Feb 2004	DE
202004003019	May 2004	DE
0920826	Jun 1999	EP
1049206	Nov 2000	EP
1586809	Oct 2005	EP
2533374	Dec 2012	EP
1215214	Apr 1960	FR
2653853	May 1991	FR
591432	Aug 1944	GB
792079	Mar 1958	GB
1569099	Jun 1980	GB
2112281	Jul 1983	GB
2137086	Oct 1984	GB
2169198	Jul 1986	GB
1999121123	Apr 1999	JP
0182654	Nov 2001	NO
9626661	Sep 1996	WO
0182654	Nov 2001	WO
2002075862	Sep 2002	WO
03058114	Jul 2003	WO
2005023062	Mar 2005	WO
2007043896	Apr 2007	WO
2007140648	Dec 2007	WO
2010082049	Jul 2010	WO
2011015340	Feb 2011	WO

Non-Patent Literature Citations (7)

Entry
Mosdesign Semi. M80056B Light Controller (May 14, 2002), filed on Nov. 24, 2016 in IPR2017-00330 as Exhibit No. 1024.
Robert S. Mroczkowski “A Perspective on Connector Reliability” 50th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts at Sheraton Hotel, Seattle, Washington USA Sep. 20-23, 2004.
J. Swingler, J.W. McBride, C. Maul “Degradation of road tested automotive connectors”, IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, vol. 23, issue 1, pp. 157-164 Mar. 2000 (Abstract only).
R.S. Mroczkowski, J.M. Maynard “Extimating the reliability of electrical connectors”, IEEE Transactions on Reliability, vol. 40, issue 5, pp. 507-512, Dec. 1991 (Abstract only).
Holtek HT2040A Christmas Light Controller (Mar. 26, 1997), filed on Nov. 24, 2016 in IPR2017-00330 as Exhibit No. 1023.
Mouser Electronics, Purchasing Manuel 592, 3 pages.
Robert S. Mroczkowski, Electronic Connector Handbook, Theory and Applications, McGraw-Hill., 1998, 12 pages.

Related Publications (1)

	Number	Date	Country
	20210015287 A1	Jan 2021	US

Provisional Applications (1)

	Number	Date	Country
	61225258	Jul 2009	US

Continuations (4)

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	16588440	Sep 2019	US
Child	17039954		US
Parent	15783934	Oct 2017	US
Child	16588440		US
Parent	15272217	Sep 2016	US
Child	15783934		US
Parent	14831625	Aug 2015	US
Child	15272217		US

Continuation in Parts (3)

	Number	Date	Country
Parent	13745795	Jan 2013	US
Child	14831625		US
Parent	13288114	Nov 2011	US
Child	13745795		US
Parent	12836425	Jul 2010	US
Child	13288114		US

Power pole for artificial tree apparatus with axial electrical connectors

Information

Patent Number

Date Filed

Date Issued

Inventors

Original Assignees

Examiners

Agents

CPC

Field of Search

US

International Classifications

Disclaimer

Abstract