Patent Grant
8242830
The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-132 filed on Jan. 4, 2010 including the specification, drawings and abstract is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a power supply control circuit, especially to a power supply control circuit which possesses an output transistor for controlling power supply to a load.
2. Description of Related Art
A power supply control circuit is known as a circuit which controls electric power supplied from a power source to a load. As one of the application areas, the power supply control circuit is used to drive an actuator and a lamp of an automobile.
The power supply control circuit comprises an output transistor serving as a switch which switches whether or not to supply electric power from a power source to a load. For example, an N-channel MOS transistor is used as an output transistor for a high-side switch. When driving the output transistor into an on state, it is necessary to make an on-resistance small enough by applying voltage higher than the power supply voltage to a gate of the output transistor. On the other hand, when driving the output transistor into an off state, it is necessary to discharge a charge stored at the gate thereof. However, in order to suppress a noise at the time of switching, severe restrictions are provided on a turn-off time and a slew rate.
With reference to
At time t3, the input signal “in” and the control signal “a” shift from a low level to a high level (the power supply voltage Vcc). Concurrently, in the gate driving circuit 131, the terminal which outputs the control signal “b” becomes in a high-impedance state. At this time, a depletion-type NMOS transistor 139 is brought to an on state. Therefore, a gate charge of the output transistor 132 is slowly discharged via a current limiting element 140 and the NMOS transistor 139.
Furthermore, at time t3, a voltage of the control signal “c” becomes a voltage level given by superposing the output voltage Vo to the voltage of the control signal “a.” Therefore, the NMOS transistor 137 is brought to an on state. Accordingly, the gate charge of the output transistor 132 is discharged at high speed via the NMOS transistor 137.
At time t4 after a delay time td from time t3, when the gate voltage G falls to the same voltage level as the power supply voltage Vcc, the output voltage Vo begins to fall. At time t5, when the output voltage Vo becomes lower than the power supply voltage Vcc by a threshold voltage “h” of the NMOS transistor 138, the NMOS transistor 138 is brought to an on state. Thereby, the NMOS transistor 137 is brought to an off state. That is, the gate charge of the output transistor 132 is no longer discharged via the NMOS transistor 137. On the other hand, the slow discharge through the NMOS transistor 139 is continued. At time t6, when the discharge is completed and the gate voltage G is set to a low level, the output voltage Vo also becomes a low level. When a load (not shown) coupled to the output terminal To is a resistive device, an output current Io exhibits the same change as the output voltage Vo, as illustrated in
In this way, in switching the output transistor 132 from an on state to an off state, when the output voltage Vo is as high as the power supply voltage Vcc, the NMOS transistor 137 is brought to an on state. Accordingly, the gate charge of the output transistor 132 is discharged at high speed. After that, when the output voltage Vo becomes lower than the power supply voltage Vcc by the threshold voltage of the NMOS transistor 138, the NMOS transistor 137 is brought to an off state. Accordingly, the gate charge of the output transistor 132 is no longer discharged at high speed.
On the other hand, in switching the output transistor 132 from an on state to an off state, the NMOS transistor 139 is brought to an on state by the control signal “a” at a low level. Accordingly, the gate charge of the output transistor 132 continues being discharged via the current limiting element 140 and the transistor 139, more slowly than via the NMOS transistor 137.
That is, it is possible for the power supply control circuit 100 to shorten time (delay time td) after starting the turn-off operation (time t3) until the output voltage Vo starts changing (time t4), by performing discharge operation using the two discharge paths as described above. That is, the turn-off time (from time t3 to time t6) can be shortened. At the same time, it is possible for the power supply control circuit 100 to make slow a slew rate of the output voltage Vo in the turn-off operation.
Japanese Patent Laid-open No. 2005-130245 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,088,126 B2 is proposed in order to solve such a problem. However, in the case of previously existing technology, in order to drive the NMOS transistor 137 from an off state to an on state at high speed at the time of a turn-off, it is necessary to store many charges in the capacitor 136. That is, in order to drive the NMOS transistor 137 from an off state to an on state at high speed, it is necessary to enlarge capacitance of the capacitor 136 sufficiently. Accordingly, the previously existing technology poses a problem that the circuit scale increases.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances. A power supply control circuit according to the present invention comprises an output transistor of an N-channel type which is provided between a power supply line and an output terminal and controls supply of electric power to a load and a gate driving circuit which generates a control signal for controlling on/off of the output transistor based on an external input signal A discharge path includes a first depletion-type N-channel MOS transistor provided between a gate and a source of the output transistor and, when turning off the output transistor, discharges a charge stored in the gate of the output transistor based on the control signal. A second discharge path includes a second depletion-type N-channel MOS transistor provided between the gate and the source of the output transistor and, when turning off the output transistor, discharges more slowly than the first discharge path. The first discharge path further includes a discharge cutoff circuit coupled to the first depletion-type N-channel MOS transistor in series between the gate and the source of the output transistor, when turning off the output transistor, the discharge cutoff circuit detects that a gate voltage of the output transistor has fallen to a prescribed voltage level, and cuts off discharging a charge stored in the gate of the output transistor.
According to such a circuit configuration described above, increase of a circuit scale can be suppressed.
According to the present invention, a power supply control circuit which is able to suppress increase of a circuit scale can be provided.
The present invention will become fully understood from the detailed description given hereinafter and the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the concrete embodiments to which the present invention is applied are explained in detail. For clarification of explanation, duplicated explanation will be omitted according to a case.
As for the gate driving circuit 31, an input terminal is coupled to an external input terminal “in”, one output terminal is coupled to a gate of the transistor 39, and another output terminal is coupled to one terminal of the current limiting element 40. As for the transistor 39, a drain is coupled to the one terminal of the current limiting element 40, and a source is coupled to a source of the output transistor 32. As for the output transistor 32, a drain is coupled to a power supply voltage terminal (power supply line) Vcc, a gate is coupled to another terminal of the current limiting element 40, and a source is coupled to an external output terminal (output terminal) To. As for the transistor 37, a drain is coupled to an anode of a Zener diode 40a, a gate is coupled to the one output terminal of the gate driving circuit 31, and a source is coupled to the source of the output transistor 32. A cathode of the Zener diode 40a is coupled to the gate of the output transistor 32. For convenience, the signs “Vcc” and “in” indicate the respective terminal names, and at the same time, they indicate a power supply voltage and an input signal as well.
The gate driving circuit 31 generates control signals “a” and “b”, based on an input signal (external input signal) “in” supplied from the exterior via the input terminal “in”.
To be more specific, the gate driving circuit 31 generates the control signal “a” of a low level based on the input signal “in” of a low level, and outputs it to the gate of the transistor 39 and the gate of the transistor 37. Concurrently, the gate driving circuit 31 generates the control signal “b” of a high level having a voltage level higher than the power supply voltage Vcc, and outputs it to the gate of the output transistor 32 via the current limiting element 40. At this time, the gate driving circuit 31 steps up the voltage of the control signal “b” by a charge pump circuit (not shown) provided in the interior thereof.
On the other hand, the gate driving circuit 31 generates the control signal “a” of a high level based on the input signal “in” of a high level, and outputs it to the gate of the transistor 39 and the gate of the transistor 37. Concurrently, the gate driving circuit 31 sets the output terminal (the another output terminal) which outputs the control signal “b”, to a high-impedance state.
On/off of the output transistor 32 is controlled by a voltage applied to the gate (hereinafter, the voltage is called as a gate voltage G). For example, the output transistor 32 is controlled to an on state by the control signal “b” of a high level. Accordingly, the power supply control circuit 1 supplies electric power from the power supply voltage terminal Vcc to the external output terminal To. This electric power is supplied to a load (not shown) of the subsequent stage. At this time, the voltage (output voltage Vo) of the external output terminal To is raised to substantially the same voltage level as the power supply voltage Vcc.
The output transistor 32 is controlled to an off state by discharging a gate charge via the discharge circuits 33a and 35. Accordingly, the power supply control circuit 1 stops the supply of the electric power from the power supply voltage terminal Vcc to the external output terminal To.
The discharge circuit 33a forms a first discharge path which electrically couples the gate and the source of the output transistor 32, when switching (turning off) the output transistor 32 from an on state to an off state. That is, the first discharge path between the gate and the source of the output transistor 32 is formed via the Zener diode 40a and the transistor 37. On/off of the transistor 37 is controlled by the control signal “a.” On/off of the Zener diode 40a is controlled by the gate-to-source voltage of the output transistor 32.
For example, when switching (turning on) the output transistor 32 from an off state to an on state, the transistor 37 is controlled to an off state by the control signal “a” of a low level. That is, when turning on the output transistor 32, the first discharge path is cut off.
On the other hand, when turning off the output transistor 32, the transistor 37 is controlled to an on state by the control signal “a” of a high level. At this time, when the gate-to-source voltage of the output transistor 32 is higher than a breakdown voltage of the Zener diode 40a, the first discharge path becomes in a conductive state. Thereby, a gate charge of the output transistor 32 is discharged via the first discharge path. On the other hand, when the gate-to-source voltage of the output transistor 32 is lower than the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode 40a, the first discharge path is cut off. Thereby, a gate charge of the output transistor 32 is no longer discharged via the first discharge path. The first discharge path discharges the gate charge of the output transistor 32 more quickly than the second discharge path to be described later. In the present embodiment, the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode 40a is set to about 6 V for which manufacturing tolerance is small and temperature dependence is also small.
The discharge circuit 35 forms a second discharge path which electrically couples the gate and the source of the output transistor 32, when turning off the output transistor 32. That is, the second discharge path between the gate and the source of the output transistor 32 is formed via the current limiting element 40 and the transistor 39. On/off of the transistor 39 is controlled by the control signal “a.” The current limiting element 40 is comprised of a resistor etc., for example, and limits current which flows through the transistor 39.
For example, when turning on the output transistor 32, the transistor 39 is controlled to an off state by the control signal “a” of a low level. On the other hand, when turning off the output transistor 32, the transistor 39 is controlled to an on state by the control signal “a” of a high level. In the present embodiment, the second discharge path discharges a gate charge of the output transistor 32 more slowly than the first discharge path.
Next, operation of the circuit illustrated in
First, at time t1, turn-on operation of the output transistor 32 starts. That is, the input signal “in” shifts from a high level (for example, the power supply voltage Vcc) to a low level (for example, the ground voltage GND). Thereby, the control signal “a” shifts from a high level to a low level. Concurrently, the control signal “b” shifts from a low level to a voltage higher than the power supply voltage Vcc (for example, the power supply voltage Vcc+10 V).
At time t2, the gate voltage G of the output transistor 32 shifts from a low level to a voltage higher than the power supply voltage Vcc (for example, the power supply voltage Vcc+10 V). Thereby, the output transistor 32 is brought to an on state. Accordingly, the power supply control circuit 1 supplies electric power from the power supply voltage terminal Vcc to the external output terminal To. At this time, the output voltage Vo is raised to substantially the same voltage level as the power supply voltage Vcc. The transistor 37 is in an off state, since the control signal “a” of a low level is applied to the gate and the power supply voltage Vcc is applied to the source.
Next, at time t3, turn-off operation of the output transistor 32 starts. That is, the input signal “in” shifts from a low level to a high level. Thereby, the control signal “a” shifts from a low level to a high level. Concurrently, the output terminal (the another output terminal) of the gate driving circuit 31 which outputs the control signal “b” is set to a high-impedance state.
At this time, the transistor 37 is brought to an on state, since the control signal “a” of a high level is applied to the gate and the output voltage Vo is applied to the source. Thereby, the gate charge of the output transistor 32 is discharged at high speed via the Zener diode 40a and the transistor 37. That is, the gate charge of the output transistor 32 is discharged at high speed via the first discharge path.
The transistor 39 is brought to an on state, since the control signal “a” of a high level is applied to the gate and the output voltage Vo is applied to the source, thereby, the gate charge of the output transistor 32 is also discharged via the current limiting element 40 and the transistor 39. That is, the gate charge of the output transistor 32 is discharged via the second discharge path in addition to the first discharge path.
At time t4, when the gate voltage G falls to the power supply voltage Vcc+6 V, the first discharge path is cut off. After time t4, the gate charge of the output transistor 32 is slowly discharged only via the second discharge path. After that, when the gate voltage of the output transistor 32 falls further, the output voltage Vo begins to fall at time t5 after the delay time td from time t3.
At time t6, when the discharge is completed and the gate voltage G is set to a low level, the output transistor 32 is brought to an off state. Thereby, the output voltage Vo is set to a low level. When a load (not shown) coupled to the output terminal To is a resistive device, an output current Io exhibits the same change as the output voltage Vo, as illustrated in
In this way, at the time of a turn-off, the power supply control circuit 1 discharges the gate charge of the output transistor 32 at high speed via the first and the second discharge path, when the gate voltage of the output transistor 32 is sufficiently higher than the power supply voltage Vcc (for example, the power supply voltage Vcc+10 V). Then, at the time of a turn-off, when the gate voltage of the output transistor 32 falls to a voltage high than the power supply voltage Vcc by about 6 V, the power supply control circuit 1 cuts off the first discharge path and discharges the gate charge of the output transistor 32 slowly only via the second discharge path.
According to such circuit configurations, it is possible for the power supply control circuit 1 to shorten time (delay time td) after starting the turn-off operation (time t3) until the output voltage Vo starts to change (time t5), even when the gate voltage of the output transistor 32 is elevated to a voltage sufficiently higher than the power supply voltage Vcc. That is, the turn-off time (from time t3 to time t6) can be shortened. Here, the power supply control circuit 1 cuts off the first discharge path, before the output voltage Vo becomes lower than the power supply voltage Vcc. Accordingly, in the power supply control circuit 1, distortion does not occur in a waveform of the output voltage Vo, in contrast to the previously existing technology. Thereby, it is possible for the power supply control circuit 1 to suppress a noise of the output voltage Vo. At the same time, it is possible for the power supply control circuit 100 to make small a slew rate of the output voltage Vo in the turn-off operation.
In the case of the previously existing technology, it is necessary to enlarge the capacitance of the capacitor 136 sufficiently in order to shift the NMOS transistor 137 to an on state at high speed at the time of a turn-off. Accordingly, the previously existing technology poses a problem that the circuit scale is increased. On the other hand, it is possible for the power supply control circuit 1 to suppress increase of the circuit scale, since the capacitor 136 is not employed, unlike with the previously existing technology. The power supply control circuit 1 forms the first discharge path using the depletion-type N-channel MOS transistor 37 not using a bootstrap circuit with the capacitor 136.
The power supply control circuit 1 illustrated in
Operation of the power supply control circuit 2 illustrated in
At this time, the transistor 37 is brought to an on state, since the control signal “a” of a high level is applied to the gate and the power supply voltage Vcc is applied to the source. Thereby, the gate charge of the output transistor 32 is discharged at high speed via the discharge cutoff circuit 40b and the transistor 37. That is, the gate charge of the output transistor 32 is discharged at high speed via the first discharge path.
When the gate voltage G of the output transistor 32 falls nearly to a sum total of the power supply voltage Vcc and threshold voltages of the transistors 40b1-40bn, the transistors 40b1-40bn are brought to an off state, and the first discharge path is cut off. Here, the sum total of the threshold voltages of the transistors 40b1-40bn is set up slightly higher than the threshold voltage of the output transistor 32. Thereby, the power supply control circuit 2 can cut off the first discharge path, before the output voltage Vo becomes lower than the power supply voltage Vcc. Accordingly, in the power supply control circuit 2, distortion does not occur in a waveform of the output voltage Vo, as is the case with the first embodiment. That is, it is possible for the power supply control circuit 2 to suppress a noise of the output voltage Vo. At the same time, it is possible for the power supply control circuit 2 to make small a slew rate of the output voltage Vo at the time of a turn-off. As is the case with the first embodiment, the power supply control circuit 2 can suppress increase of the circuit scale, since a bootstrap circuit comprised of the capacitor 136 is not employed. The other operations are the same as those of the case of the first embodiment; therefore, the explanation thereof is omitted.
A case where the discharge cutoff circuit 40b comprises two transistors 40b1 and 40b2 (n=2) for example, is explained. Each of the transistors 40b1 and 40b2 possesses a threshold voltage of about 2V. In the present example, when the gate voltage G of the output transistor 32 falls to about the power supply voltage Vcc+4 V at the time of a turn-off, the first discharge path is cut off. In this way, in the present embodiment, when the gate voltage G of the output transistor 32 falls further to the neighborhood of the power supply voltage Vcc, as compared with the first embodiment, the first discharge path can be cut off.
In the second embodiment, a threshold voltage of whether or not to cut off the first discharge path is adjusted as a function of the number of transistors 40b1-40bn. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, a threshold voltage of whether or not to cut off the first discharge path is adjusted by employing the transistor 40c which possesses a threshold voltage almost same as that of the output transistor. Thereby, the power supply control circuit 3 can cut off the first discharge path, when the gate voltage G of the output transistor 32 falls further to the neighborhood of the power supply voltage Vcc, at the time of a turn-off. That is, the power supply control circuit 3 according to the present embodiment can shorten a turn-off time as compared with the case of the second embodiment. As is the case with the embodiment described above, the power supply control circuit 3 can suppress increase of the circuit scale, since a bootstrap circuit comprised of the capacitor 136 is not employed.
Operation of the power supply control circuit 3 illustrated in
At this time, the transistor 37 is brought to an on state, since the control signal “a” of a high level is applied to the gate and the power supply voltage Vcc is applied to the source. Thereby, the gate charge of the output transistor 32 is discharged at high speed via the discharge cutoff circuit 40c and the transistor 37. That is, the gate charge of the output transistor 32 is discharged at high speed via the first discharge path.
When the gate voltage G of the output transistor 32 falls nearly to a sum total of the power supply voltage Vcc and a threshold voltage of the transistor 40c, the transistor 40c is brought to an off state, and the first discharge path is cut off. Here, the threshold voltage of the transistor 40c is set up slightly higher than the threshold voltage of the output transistor 32. Thereby, the power supply control circuit 3 can cut off the first discharge path, before the output voltage Vo becomes lower than the power supply voltage Vcc.
Such a setup is easily realizable by making the same a diffusion layer which determines a threshold voltage of the transistor 40c and the output transistor 32.
The transistor 40c possesses an n− substrate 50. An n+ diffusion layer 51 for backside coupling is provided under the n− substrate 50. A first p− diffusion layer 52 is provided over the n− substrate 50. Two n+ diffusion layers 53 and 54 are located facing each other over a surface of the first p− diffusion layer 52. The n+ diffusion layer (concave diffusion layer) 53 on one side is coupled to a source terminal S. The n+ diffusion layer 54 on the other side is coupled to a drain terminal D. An n− diffusion layer 55 of a shallower depth is located between the n+ diffusion layers 53 and 54. The n− diffusion layer 55 adjoins the n+ diffusion layer 54.
A channel region of length L is provided between the n+ diffusion layer 53 and the n− diffusion layer 55. A gate electrode 56 is arranged over the channel. The gate electrode 56 is coupled to a gate terminal G. The n+ diffusion layer 53 is enclosed by a second p− diffusion layer 57 with a higher concentration than the first p− diffusion layer 52. The second p− diffusion layer 57 is coupled to a substrate terminal BG via a p+ diffusion layer 58.
The output transistor 32 possesses an n− substrate 60. An n+ diffusion layer 61 for backside coupling is provided under the n− substrate 60. This n+ diffusion layer 61 is coupled to a drain terminal D. The same second p− diffusion layer 57 as employed for the transistor 40c is provided over the n− substrate 60. The second p− diffusion layer 57 is coupled to a substrate terminal BG via a p+ diffusion layer 62.
Two n+ diffusion layers 63 and 64 are located facing each other over a surface of the second p− diffusion layer 57. The n+ diffusion layers 63 and 64 are both coupled to a source terminal S. The p+ diffusion layer 62 is located between the n+ diffusion layers 63 and 64. A gate electrode 65 is arranged over the channel. The gate electrode 65 is coupled to a gate terminal G.
As exemplified in
According to such a circuit configuration, distortion does not occur in a waveform of the output voltage Vo in the power supply control circuit 3 according to the present embodiment, as is the case with the embodiment described above. That is, it is possible for the power supply control circuit 3 to suppress a noise of the output voltage Vo. At the same time, it is possible for the power supply control circuit 3 to make small a slew rate of the output voltage Vo at the time of a turn-off. As is the case with the above-described embodiment, the power supply control circuit 3 according to the present embodiment can suppress increase of the circuit scale, since a bootstrap circuit comprised of the capacitor 136 is not employed. The other operations are the same as those of the case of the embodiment described above; therefore, the explanation thereof is omitted.
A case where the threshold voltage of the output transistor 32 and the transistor 40c is 2 V respectively for example, is explained. In the present example, when the gate voltage G of the output transistor 32 falls to about the power supply voltage Vcc+2 V at the time of a turn-off, the first discharge path is cut off. In this way, in the present embodiment, after the gate voltage G of the output transistor 32 falls further to the neighborhood of the power supply voltage Vcc, as compared with the second embodiment, the first discharge path can be cut off.
As described above, at the time of a turn-off, each of the power supply control circuits according to the above-described embodiments discharges the gate charge of the output transistor 32 at high speed via the first and the second discharge path, when the gate voltage of the output transistor 32 is sufficiently higher than the power supply voltage Vcc. Then, at the time of a turn-off, when the gate voltage G of the output transistor 32 falls to the neighborhood of the power supply voltage Vcc, each of the power supply control circuits according to the above-described embodiments cuts off the first discharge path and discharges the gate charge of the output transistor 32 slowly only via the second discharge path.
According to such circuit configurations, it is possible for each of the power supply control circuits according to the above-described embodiments to shorten time (delay time td) after starting the turn-off operation (time t3) until the output voltage Vo starts to change (time t5), even when the gate voltage of the output transistor 32 is elevated to a voltage sufficiently higher than the power supply voltage Vcc. That is, the turn-off time (from time t3 to time t6) can be shortened. Here, each of the power supply control circuits according to the above-described embodiments cuts off the first discharge path, before the output voltage Vo becomes lower than the power supply voltage Vcc. Accordingly, in the power supply control circuits according to the above-described embodiments, distortion does not occur in a waveform of the output voltage Vo, in contrast to the previously existing technology. Thereby, it is possible for the power supply control circuits according to the above-described embodiments to suppress a noise of the output voltage Vo. At the same time, it is possible for the power supply control circuits according to the above-described embodiments to make small a slew rate of the output voltage Vo at the time of a turn-off.
The power supply control circuit according to the above-described embodiments can suppress increase of the circuit scale, since a bootstrap circuit comprised of the capacitor 136 is not employed, unlike with the previously existing technology.
The present invention is not restricted to the above-described embodiments, however, suitable modifications and alterations may occur depending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they are within the scope of the gist. In the above-described embodiments, the case where a resistor is employed as the current limiting element 40 is exemplified; however, other alternations may be possible. For example, a constant current element formed by a depletion-type N-channel MOS transistor of which a gate and a source are coupled may be employed.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2010-000132 | Jan 2010 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6661260 | Nakahara et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 7088126 | Nakahara et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7741894 | Kojima | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 20090160498 | Nakahara | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| 20090160499 | Nakahara | Jun 2009 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2005-130245 | May 2005 | JP |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20110163800 A1 | Jul 2011 | US |
