Patent Grant
6838631
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a power use circuit breaker and an electrical circuit arrangement for an electrical power generating plant using such power use circuit breaker.
2. Conventional Art
A power use circuit breaker, which interrupts a fault current flowing at a time of electric power system accident and protects the electric power system, is required to instantly interrupt a large fault current. In particular, a power use circuit breaker disposed between an electric power generator and a main power transformer, which is opened and closed at the time of starting and stopping of the electric power generator and further interrupts a large power generator fault current flowing at the time of accident, is required to have a capacity of interrupting a large current from several ten thousand to several hundred thousand amperes (A) containing a DC component.
A power use circuit breaker such as a puffer type gas circuit breaker and a vacuum circuit breaker which have been used to interrupt such large current has the following drawbacks.
(a) Puffer Type Gas Circuit Breaker
It is required a gas pressure of more than several hundred thousand atmospheric pressure which is to be blasted to a large current arc generated between contacts during current interruption to extinguish the arc for interrupting current of several ten thousand amperes, therefore, if a bellows having an operating stroke of 100˜300 mm in order to obtain the above high pressure gas, an operating force of about hundred thousand˜several tens of tons is required which increases the size of the machine.
(b) Vacuum Circuit Breaker
When interrupting a current containing a DC current component with a vacuum circuit breaker, it is impossible to attenuate the DC current component by making use of an arc resistance, because an arc voltage generated between contacts in the vacuum circuit breaker during current interruption is low, therefore, it is difficult to apply a vacuum circuit breaker for interrupting current in an electric power generator main circuit containing a large DC current component. Further, since a current conducting capacity of a vacuum circuit breaker is small, it is difficult to use a vacuum circuit breaker in a circuit in which current more than 4000 A flows.
An object of the present invention is to provide a small sized power use circuit breaker which realizes current conduction and interruption of a large current containing a DC current component.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a small sized power use circuit breaker which surely performs current interruption of a large current containing a DC current component with a small operating force.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide an electric circuit arrangement for an electric power generating plant which permits a size reduction of the concerned house installation by making use of a small sized power use circuit breaker.
A power use circuit breaker according to the present invention which is connected in an electric circuit and operates to interrupt current flowing through the electric circuit, is characterized by being provided with an electrical resistance generating unit which adds an electrical resistance in the electric circuit during interruption of current and causes to attenuate current to be interrupted and a vacuum circuit breaker which is connected in electrically series with the electrical resistance generating unit and operates to interrupt the attenuated current.
Further, a power use circuit breaker according to the present invention including a current interrupting circuit which is connected in an electric circuit and operates to interrupt current flowing through the electric circuit and a current conducting circuit which is connected in parallel with the current interrupting circuit and is opened prior to the current interrupting circuit during interruption of current so as to transfer conducting current to the current interrupting circuit, is characterized in that the current interrupting circuit is provided with an electrical resistance generating unit which adds an electrical resistance in the electric circuit during interruption of current and causes to attenuate current to be interrupted and a vacuum circuit breaker which is connected in electrically series with the electrical resistance generating unit and operates to interrupt the attenuated current.
Further, it is characterized that the electrical resistance generating unit is an arc generating switching unit which is closed during current conduction to show a substantially negligible small value of electrical resistance and is opened during current interruption so as to generate an arc and to form an arc resistance circuit.
Further, it is characterized that the electrical resistance generating unit is provided with a container which contains gas of which pressure is raised by heating through arcing and the pressurized gas is blasted toward the arc.
Further, it is characterized that the current conducting circuit is provided with a current conducting switching unit, and the vacuum circuit breaker and the current conducting switching unit are coupled through an operating mechanism having a dead band with regard to operation stroke so as to open the vacuum circuit breaker after having opened the current conducting switching unit which permits an interlocked switching operation of the current conducting switching unit and the vacuum circuit breaker with a single driving unit.
Further, it is characterized in that the current conducting circuit is provided with a current conducting switching unit, and the vacuum circuit breaker, the arc generating switching unit and the current conducting switching unit are coupled through an operating mechanism having a dead band with regard to operation stroke so as to open the arc generating switching unit to generate an arc after having opened the current conducting switching unit and thereafter to open the vacuum circuit breaker which permits an interlocked switching operation of the current conducting switching unit, the arc generating switching unit and the vacuum circuit breaker with a single driving unit.
Further, it is characterized in that the current conducting switching unit and the arc generating switching unit are interlocked like a unitary body.
An electric circuit arrangement for an electric power generating plant according to the present invention, is characterized in that a power use circuit breaker according to one of those explained above is connected between an electric power generator and a main power transformer so as to permit separation of the main power transformer and a house transformer from the electric power generator.
The vacuum bulb 1 is provided with switching contacts which open and close in a vacuum.
The arc generating switching unit 2 is provided with switching contacts which causes an arc by opening the interruption circuit and adds in the interruption circuit an electric resistance due to the arc, and functions as an electric resistance generating unit.
Further, the current conducting switching unit 3 is provided with switching contacts having current conducting or carrying capacity of a rated current of the concerned power use circuit breaker, and constitutes so as to form the current conducting circuit connected in parallel with the interruption circuit and having a sufficiently small electric resistance which is substantially negligible with respect to the electric resistance of the interruption circuit formed by connecting the vacuum bulb 1 and the arc generating switching unit 2 in series.
When placing the thus constituted power use circuit breaker into a current conducting state, at first, the vacuum bulb 1 is closed, subsequently, the arc generating switching unit 2 is closed so as place the interruption circuit into a closed state, and thereafter, the current conducting switching unit 3 is closed so as to place the current conducting circuit into a closed state. In this current conducting state, although the respective contacts in the vacuum bulb 1 and the both switching units 2 and 3 are contacted to form a circuit closed state, current I primarily branches in the current conducting circuit constituted by the current conducting switching unit 3 and having a small electrical resistance and flows therethrough as current I1.
When a large fault current from several ten thousand to several hundred thousand amperes due to such as the power system accident flows, a detection device detects such fault current and issues a circuit open command to the concerned power use circuit breaker so as to open the power use circuit breaker and to interrupt the fault current. When receiving the circuit opening command, the power use circuit breaker separates the contacts of the current conducting switching unit 3 to open the current conducting circuit, thereby, transfers the fault current into the interruption circuit formed by connecting the vacuum bulb 1 and the arc generating switching unit 2 to cause to flow current I2 therethrough, and thereafter separates the contacts of the arc generating switching unit 2 to generate an arc between the contacts. The fault current containing a DC current component flows through the arc generated and is attenuated there by the electric resistance due to the arc.
After the fault current is fully attenuated, the contacts of the vacuum bulb 1 is separated to open the interruption circuit, thereby, the fault current is interrupted. Further, where the fault current is small, the arc is extinguished to interrupt the fault current, before the contacts of the vacuum bulb 1 are separated.
In order to transfer a large fault current flowing through the current conducting circuit including the current conducting switching unit 3 with no arc into the interruption circuit including the vacuum bulb 1 and the arc generating switching unit 2, it is necessary to complete the current transference before the voltage of the arc which is generated by separating the contacts of the arc generating switching unit 2 is raised, through the provision of adding a resistance for attenuating the fault current by means of the arc generated in the arc generating switching unit 2, the transference of the fault current can be surely realized with no arc, because the arc voltage immediately after the contacts of the arc generating switching unit 2 are separated is low. After the current transference, the separation distance between the contacts of the arc generating switching unit 2 increases so as to increase the value of arc resistance, thereby, the generated arc acts effectively to attenuate the fault current.
If it is required to attenuate such a large fault current with a solid resistor, an extremely large sized resistor is necessitated, because of a need for a large current carrying capacity thereof. However, with the use of the arcing resistance a reduced size resistor can be constituted in a form of an arc generating switching unit.
The present power use circuit breaker is constituted in such a manner that the vacuum bulb 1, the arc generating switching unit 2 and the current conducting switching unit 3 (3A, 3B) are disposed between main circuit terminals 15 and 16 which are attached at both ends of an enclosed sheath 12 secured on a base plate 11 through respective supporting insulators 13 and 14 so that the main circuit terminals 15 and 16 pass through the respective ends, and through the main circuit terminals 15 and 16 the power use circuit breaker is connected to an external circuit.
In the vacuum bulb 1, a stationary contact 1b provided at an inner end of a conductive stationary rod 1a and a movable contact 1d provided at an inner end of a conductive movable rod 1c are disposed inside an insulative vacuum vessel 1e. The stationary rod 1a of the vacuum bulb 1 is led out while being passed through an end plate of the vacuum vessel 1e under a hermetically sealed condition, and the outer end thereof is fixed to a supporting conductor 17 through a screw, and further the supporting conductor 17 is connected to the main circuit terminal 15 through circuit conductor pieces 18 and 19 of the current conducting switching unit 3 (3A, 3B). On the other hand, the movable rod 1c is led out while being slidably passed through a sliding type current collector 1f provided at another end of the vacuum vessel 1e and the outer end thereof is attached to a coupling plate 20 through a screw. At the axially inner side of the sliding type current collector 1f a bellows is provided between the movable rod 1c and the other end plate so as to constitute a hermetically sealed structure. The sliding type current collector if is coupled to one of two legs of a U shaped supporting conductor 21 while passing therethrough and is secured thereto.
The supporting conductor 21 is attached at its bottom to the base plate 11 through a supporting insulator 22 and is secured thereto.
The arc generating switching unit 2 is attached at the other leg of the U shaped supporting conductor 21 through a screw while passing therethrough so as to assume a position concentric with the vacuum bulb 1.
The arc generating switching unit 2 is constituted in a like structure as that of a puffer type gas circuit breaker as illustrated in enlargement in FIG. 5. More specifically, the arc generating switching unit 2 is provided with a cylindrical thermo puffer container 2b with a bottom and having a flange 2a formed at the open end around the outer circumference thereof, a stationary side arc contact 2c attached to the flange 2a with a screw so as to position at the opening of the thermo puffer container 2b, an insulative puffer nozzle 2d likely secured to the flange 2a so as to surround the stationary side arc contact 2c and a movable side arc contact 2e which is attached to a conductive movable operation plate 23 so as to stand up therefrom and engages with and separates from the stationary side arc contact 2c by advancing and backing movement within the puffer nozzle 2d through the corresponding movement of the movable operation plate 23.
The electrical connection between the stationary side arc contact 2c in the arc generating switching unit 2 and the vacuum bulb 1 is realized through the U shaped supporting conductor 21.
Between the flange 2a of the thermo puffer container 2b and the coupling plate 20 a coil spring 24 is disposed around the cylindrical portion of the thermo puffer container 2b under compressed state so as to surround the outer circumference thereof, thereby, the movable rod 1c in the vacuum bulb 1 is pushed by the expansion force of the coil spring 24 so that the movable contact 1d contacts to the stationary contact 1b.
The movable operation plate 23 is secured at a top end of an operation rod 25. The operation rod 25 is movably supported by a sliding type bearing 27 provided at a bracket 26. The bracket 26 is supported by a hollow supporting insulator 28 secured on the base plate 11 under an insulated state. The bracket 26 rotatably supports an operation lever mechanism 29. The operation lever mechanism 29 is disposed between the operation rod 25 and an insulative drive portion coupled operation rod 30 which passes through within the hollow supporting insulator 28 and couples the both so as to move the operation rod 25 in advancing and backing directions through vertical movement of the drive portion coupled operation rod 30.
Between a top end portion of a leg of the U shaped supporting conductor 21 and the bracket 26 an insulative rod 31 is disposed so as to stabilized the position of the U shaped supporting conductor 21.
A ring shaped interconnecting plate 32 is attached to the movable operation plate 23 through vacuum bulb driving use insulative interconnecting rods 33, 34 and 35 so as to locate around the outer circumference of the coil spring 24, vacuum bulb driving rods 36, 37 and 38 which are secured to the ring shaped interconnecting plate 32 so as to stand up therefrom are passed through the coupling plate 20 under a clearance fitting, and at the other top ends of the vacuum bulb driving rods 36, 37 and 38 head portions 36a, 37a and 38a having a large diameter are formed. When the vacuum bulb driving rods 36, 37 and 38 are moved backward, the head portions 36a, 37a and 38a couple the coupling plate 20 to pull the same against the expansion force of the coil spring 24, thereby, the movable contact 1d in the vacuum bulb 1 is separated from the stationary contact 1b.
The current conducting switching unit circuit conductor pieces 18 and 19 which extend from the main circuit terminal 15 into the enclosed sheath 12 are supported by supporting insulators 39, 40, 41 and 42 on the enclosed sheath 12 so as to locate the same at both sides of the vacuum bulb 1 and the arc generating switching unit 2.
At the respective top ends of the current conducting switching unit conductor pieces 18 and 19 stationary contacts 3a and 3b of the current conducting switching units 3A and 3B are provided as illustrated in enlargement in FIG. 6. Movable contacts 3c and 3d of the current conducting switching units 3A and 3B are attached to respective side ends of movable conductive members 3e and 3f secured at respective side ends of the movable operation plate 23, thereby, the movable contacts 3c and 3d are moved through the movement of the movable members 3e and 3f together with the movement of the movable operation plate 23 so as to engage with and separate from the stationary contacts 3a and 3b. The current conducting switching units 3A and 3B are constituted in such a manner that under the circuit closed state where the movable contacts 3c and 3d are connected to the stationary contacts 3a and 3d, the units show a substantially negligible small resistance value.
Further, current conducting switching unit circuit conductor pieces 43 and 44 extending from the main circuit terminal 16 into the enclosed sheath 12 run along the respective sides of the bracket 26 and are supported by the bracket 26 so as to face the respective movable members 3e and 3f. At the respective top ends of the current conducting switching unit circuit conductor pieces 43 and 44 conductive stationary contacts 45 and 46 are provided which are designed to slidably contact with the movable members 3e and 3f.
Within the enclosed sheath 12 SF6 gas or nitrogen gas of about 1˜2 atmospheric pressure is filled. Thus the gas is also filled in the thermo puffer container 2b.
The drive portion coupled operation rod 30 is driven by a drive device 47 disposed beneath the above base plate 11 so as not to break the hermetically sealed state. Although the detailed illustration and explanation of the drive device 47 is omitted, the drive device 47 is constituted by using a similar mechanism as a hydraulic pressure driven mechanism, an air pressure driven mechanism and a motor driven mechanism used in a common circuit breaker.
When placing the thus constituted power use circuit breaker under a current conducting condition, the drive portion coupled operation rod 30 is pulled down by the drive device 47 so as to rotate the operation lever 25 in clockwise direction to assume the condition indicated by the solid lines. Under this condition, since the operation rod 25 advances (movement in rightward in the drawing), the movable operation plate 23 likely advances, thereby, the interconnecting plate 32 attached to the movable operation plate 23 through the vacuum bulb driving use insulative interconnecting rods 33, 34 and 35 also advances to advance the vacuum bulb drive rods 36, 37 and 38, as a result, the coupling plate 20 is released from the head portions 36a, 37a and 38a of the vacuum bulb drive rods 36, 37 and 38, thus, the movable rod 1c is pushed by the coil spring 24 to contact the movable contact 1d to the stationary contact 1b and the vacuum bulb 1 assumes the circuit closed condition. Further, the arc generating switching unit 2 also assumes the circuit closed condition in such a manner that the movable side arc contact 2e advances while passing through the puffer nozzle 2d and contacts to the stationary side contact 2c through the movement of the movable operation plate 23. Still further, the current conducting switching units 3A and 3B also assume the circuit closed condition in such a manner that the movable contacts 3c and 3d advance and contact to the stationary contacts 3a and 3c through the movement of the movable operation plate 23.
Under such circuit closed condition of the vacuum bulb 1, the arc generating switching unit 2 and the current conducting switching units 3A and 3B, two parallel electrical passages are formed between the main circuit terminals 15 and 16, in that one is the current conducting circuit starting from the main circuit terminal 15 through the current conducting switching unit circuit conductor pieces 18 and 19, the current conducting switching units 3A and 3B, the stationary contacts 45 and 46 and the current conducting switching unit circuit conductor pieces 43 and 44 to the main circuit terminal 16, and the other is the interruption circuit starting from the main circuit terminal 15 through the current conducting switching unit circuit conductor pieces 18 and 19, the supporting conductor 17, the vacuum bulb 1, the U shaped supporting conductor 21, the arc generating switching unit 2, the movable operation plate 23, the movable members 3e and 3f and the stationary contacts 45 and 46 of the current conducting switching units 3A and 3B and the current conducting switching unit circuit conductor pieces 43 and 44 to the main circuit terminal 16. Under this condition, the current between the main circuit terminals 15 and 16 primarily flows through the current conducting circuit having sufficiently small electrical resistance.
When interrupting an accident current, the drive portion coupled operation rod 30 is pushed upward by the drive device 42 to rotate the operation lever 29 in anti-clockwise direction so as to assume the condition indicated by the chain lines. Under this condition, the operation rod 25 moves backward (movement in left ward direction in the drawing) to likely back the movable operation plate 23. When the movable operation plate 23 moves backward, the movable side arc contact 2e of the arc generating switching unit 2, the movable members 3e and 3f of the current conducting switching units 3A and 3B and the vacuum bulb drive rods 36, 37 and 38 likely move backward, and at first the movable contacts 3c and 3d of the current conducting switching units 3A and 3B separate from the stationary contacts 3a and 3b. Thereby, the current conducting circuit is placed in a circuit opened condition and the current primarily flowing through the current conducting circuit is transferred into the interruption circuit including the vacuum bulb 1 and the arc generating switching unit 2.
Subsequently, when the movable side arc contact 2e moving backward in the puffer nozzle 2d is separated from the stationary side arc contact 2c, an arc is generated between the movable side arc contact 2e and the stationary side arc contact 2c. Thus generated arc acts as a resistor for attenuating the fault current in particular a DC current component thereof. Further, the heat generated by the arc heats the gas within the thermo puffer container 2b to thermally expand the gas and to increase the pressure thereof for blasting the same onto the arc.
When the movable operation plate 23 moves further backward, the head portions 36a, 36a and 37a of the vacuum bulb drive rods 36, 37 and 38 couple with the coupling plate 20 to pull the same, thereby, the movable rod 1c of the vacuum bulb 1 moves backward against the expansion force of the coil spring 24 to separate the movable contact 1d from the stationary contact 1b, thus, the fault current of which magnitude is attenuated by the electrical resistance due to the arc is interrupted.
With regard to such timings of the current interrupting operation, the timing after opening the current conducting switching unit 3 until opening the arc generating switching unit 2 is set by the difference between the sliding stroke amount of the stationary contacts 3a and 3b and the movable contacts 3c and 3d of the current conducting switching unit 3 under their contacting state and the sliding stroke amount of the stationary side arc contact 2c and the movable side arc contact 2d of the arc generating switching unit 2 under their contacting state, and the timing after opening the arc generating switching unit 2 until opening the vacuum bulb 1 is set by the dead band stroke amount (the range through which an input can be varied without initiating a response, i.e., t1+t2 in
Further, the gas blasting onto an arc generated between the stationary side arc contact 2c and the movable side arc contact 2e in the arc generating switching unit 2 is realized by heating the gas within the thermo puffer container 2b by the arcing heat and by thermally expanding the same to increase the pressure thereof, which serves to save the operating force of the drive device 47.
Such power use circuit breaker is suitably applied for interrupting a low voltage large current by connecting the same in an electric power generator main circuit between an electric power generator and a main power transformer in an electric power generation plant.
The electric power generation main circuit use circuit breaker 72 is operated, when the electric power generator 71 is stopped, started and failed. Namely, when the electric power generator 71 is stopped or failed, the electric power generation main circuit use circuit breaker 72 opens the circuit and interrupts a load or fault current, and when starting, the electric power generation main circuit use circuit breaker 72 closes the circuit when the rotating speed of the electric power generator 71 reaches a predetermined level.
With the use of such electric power generation main circuit use circuit breaker 72, the size of the installation for the electric power generation plant can be reduced.
Further, the present power use circuit breaker can be used by connecting in series between a generator-motor and a main power transformer in a pumping-up electric power generation plant.
According to the power use circuit breaker of the present invention, the size of the power use circuit breaker which performs conduction and interruption of a large current containing a DC component can be reduced.
Further, according to the power use circuit breaker of the present invention, a small sized power use circuit breaker which surely interrupts a large current containing a DC component with a small operating force can be realized.
Still further, according to the present invention, an electric power generation plant electric circuit arrangement of which house installation size is reduced through the use of a small sized power use circuit breaker can be realized.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000-6198 | Jan 2000 | JP | national |
This is a continuation application of U.S. Ser. No. 09/637,497, filed Aug. 11, 2000.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20040074875 A1 | Apr 2004 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 09637497 | Aug 2000 | US |
| Child | 10674349 | US |
