Patent Application
20130306767
This invention relates to the field of processing materials of all origins, in particular by shredding by means of crushers or of hammer mills, or the like, and has as its object a pre-grinder or pre-shredder.
The recovery of metal products from objects that are unserviceable, in particular motor vehicles, by means of crushers or grinders, is generally performed by introducing the objects in a hammer mill, via an introduction ramp equipped with a crushing drum; said hammer mill pulls and shreds the material entering there, by interaction with one or more anvils, which eject and/or evacuate, through screening walls, the mechanical scraps obtained that exhibit a determined size. These scraps are then processed for the purpose of eliminating materials that are unsuitable for reuse and for the purpose of sorting the remaining materials as a function of their metallurgical characteristics.
The processing of very bulky objects or materials necessitates the use of grinders or crushers of large size and high power and therefore with a very high production cost as well as a very high cost of use.
Thus, it has been proposed to use pre-grinders or pre-shredders that make possible a size reduction and fractionation of the very bulky objects and materials, so as to increase the density thereof for the purpose of transporting them, storing them, or burying them, or else processing them in more compact grinders, crushers or granulating machines whose feed openings are of a smaller cross-section.
The pre-grinders or pre-shredders that exist today are, nevertheless, also of large size and high power, generally consisting of one or more slow rotation rotors, which turn in the same or opposite direction.
These rotors shred the material under the interaction of the tools that equip them, and the speed of rotation of the rotors can be identical or different from one rotor to the next. The shafts of these rotors are driven by electric or hydraulic motors, either directly or by means of reducing gears.
In the particular case of pre-shredders or of pre-grinders of automobile bodies, the pre-shredding shafts most often number two, exhibit a large diameter, namely on the order of 500 to 600 millimeters, each weigh nearly 10 tons, and each require a power on the order of 250 Kw to drive them. The length of the line of shafts of such machines is generally between 4 meters and 5 meters, and even more, for a useful working width on the order of 2 meters.
Furthermore, the shredding tools are mounted generally by welding on the large cross-section drive shaft and are therefore not interchangeable. The driving of these shafts, which are mounted at their ends in large cross-section roller bearings, which rest on the lateral walls of the shredder, is performed by motor and reduction gear assemblies, which are fastened laterally on both sides of the housing of these machines or of their feeding chute.
The mounting of these large-sized pieces of equipment, namely reducing gears and motors, outside of these machines has as a result a considerable space requirement of the latter, which is incompatible with a small-capacity processing unit, which must, in essence, be mobile for its possible use on different sites.
Moreover, the motors used are most often hydraulic motors, which are slow, very heavy and mounted freely on the ends of the shafts, or even electric or hydraulic motors connected to said shafts by ordinary reducing gears or planetary gears. Furthermore, in all cases, the drive shafts must be held by bearings equipped with rings or roller bearings, the power or drive elements not being carriers and resting on the ends of these shafts or being fastened to a frame or walls of the machine.
The making of such grinders or pre-shredders is very expensive, and the machines made in this way are very bulky and very heavy.
Furthermore, by WO-A-0185346, a grinding device is known that consists, on the one hand, of a drive assembly and, on the other hand, of a grinding chamber connected in a removable way to the drive assembly, the rotors of the grinding chamber being connected to the drive assembly by means of end-plates or collars. Of course, such a device makes it possible to solve partially the problem of service actions, but necessitates the use of complete sub-assemblies, any action on a grinding chamber entailing the complete disassembly of the latter and its replacement with an identical chamber, no element of the drive sub-assembly making it possible to ensure a direct function for guiding or support of a rotor shaft, for example.
In effect, the shafts of the rotors are mounted on specific roller bearings, their guiding being ensured in a totally autonomous way by their drive assembly. Consequently, using such a device is very expensive necessitating, in fact, the provision of complete, interchangeable grinding chambers, the service actions then being performed in idle time.
By FR-A-2 431 326, a grinder rotor mounting is also known in which the cylinder forming the rotor is integral with the rotor of an electric motor, whose stator is fastened to a through shaft that simultaneously forms the bearing of the cylinder forming the rotor. Such an embodiment obviously makes it possible to reduce the bulk of the rotor assembly of the grinder and drive motor, but necessitates significant and costly disassembly work that is incompatible with the making of low-cost grinders or pre-grinders that are quick and simple to use.
This invention has as its object to eliminate these drawbacks by proposing a pre-grinder or pre-shredder that makes it possible to solve the problems of bulk and of weight and that makes possible an adaptation to different processing capacities, while having a simple make-up and a low production cost.
For this purpose, the pre-grinder or pre-shredder according to the invention, which essentially consists of at least one drive assembly comprising a hydraulic or electric drive motor and a reducing gear and of at least one shredding assembly connected to the reducing gear, is characterized in that the reducing gear of the drive assembly forms an element for fastening and support of at least one shredding element and consists of a stationary part, fastened directly to the frame of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder or to a support or a wall of the latter, and of a mobile part, the shredding element being fitted to the mobile part of this reducing gear.
The invention will be better understood thanks to the following description that is related to preferred embodiments, given by way of nonlimiting examples, and explained with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:
Such a pre-grinder or pre-shredder essentially consists of at least one drive assembly 1 comprising a hydraulic or electric drive motor 2 and a reducing gear 3 and of at least one shredding element 4 connected to the reducing gear 3, and is mounted on a frame 5, a feeding chute or another support (
According to the invention, the reducing gear 3 of the drive assembly 1 of this pre-grinder or pre-shredder forms a fastening and support element of at least one shredding element 4, and consists of a stationary part 3′, fastened directly to the frame 5 of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder or to a support or a wall of the latter, and of a mobile part 3″, the shredding element 4 being fitted to the mobile part 3″ of this reducing gear 3. Thus, the shredding element 4 is guided and held directly on the frame 5 by the reducing gear 3 of the drive assembly 1. Consequently, it is said drive assembly 1 comprising the motor 2 and the reducing gear 3 that ensures the functions of support and of guiding in rotation of the shredding element 4, so that the invention makes it possible to achieve the savings of individual bearings or journal bearings for said shredding element 4, which entails a simplification of the mounting and a reduction in costs.
According to a first embodiment of the invention, the shredding element 4 is a tube having a wall with a large cross-section, fitted by one end on the reducing gear 3 (
It is also possible, according to another embodiment of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawings, to make the shredding element 4 in the form of a solid shaft equipped at at least one end with a housing intended for its fitting on the reducing gear 3.
The reducing gear 3 of the drive assembly 1 is a device known in the art, comparable to the known mechanisms under the name translation reducing gears, of very compact design, and making it possible to transmit very high torques at reduced speeds, while guaranteeing a perfect adaptation of the speed to the reduction ratios.
According to a characteristic of the invention, the reducing gear 3 of the drive assembly 1, which essentially consists of a stationary part 3′ and of a mobile part 3″, is advantageously fastened to the frame 5 of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder or to a wall or other element of the latter by means of the stationary part 3′, on which is mounted the motor 2 that can be of hydraulic or electric type. Preferably, the motor 2 will be a hydraulic motor. Such an attachment of the reducing gear 3 can be performed, in an ordinary manner, by means of bolts, locking pins, screws or the like. Thus, the shredding element 4 and the drive assembly 1 can be mounted on the frame 5, a wall or another element of the machine without using a smooth bearing or a roller bearing, the function of bearings for support and guiding being ensured directly by the drive assembly 1 and, in particular, by the reducing gear 3. A considerable simplification results of the mounting of the shredding element 4 in relation to the devices known to date, particularly by WO-A-0185346 and by FR-A-2 431 326, and in particular in terms of production costs.
According to a characteristic of the invention, the mobile part 3″ of the reducing gear 3 is mounted overhanging the frame 5 or wall, etc., in relation to the stationary part 3′ of this reducing gear and forms a fastening support of the shredding element 4. In the case of using a tube having a wall with a large cross-section, this tube has a wall thickness that is sufficient to withstand forces and is equipped, either directly by welding with shredding tools 6, or by means of at least one collar 7, forming a tool-holder, with stationary or mobile shredding tools that are interchangeable. In this way, the shredding tools mounted on such a collar 7 are very easily disassembled and can therefore be changed as simple parts that are subject to wear and tear.
Furthermore, because of this overhanging mounting of the reducing gear 3 (
Actually, by their mounting on the mobile part 3″ of the reducing gear or reducing gears 3, the shredding elements 4 are directly mounted on parts that ensure their support and their guiding in rotation.
According to a variant embodiment of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawings, the stationary parts 3′ of the reducing gears 3 can be mounted on eccentric collars that work with reaction arms or the like. It is thus possible to cause the space between two elements 4 to vary.
In the embodiment shown in
According to another variant embodiment of the invention, the shredding element 4 is advantageously fastened to the mobile part 3″ of the reducing gear 3 by means of pins or screws 8 and is equipped at its opposite end with a sealing cover (not shown) or with an assembling collar 9, fastened by screwing, by bolting or by welding. The provision of an assembling collar 9 makes possible the juxtaposition of a shredding element 4 mounted on one side of a frame or on one wall with a second shredding element 4 mounted on the opposite side of the frame or on the opposite wall, the free ends of each shredding element then being connected to one another by bolting or by an assembling by cooperation of shape. Such a bolting comes under a standard assembly in the field of mechanics and simply uses bolts that pass through two adjacent collars 9 and is therefore neither described nor shown in greater detail. The same holds true in the case of an assembling by cooperation of shape that can be of the jaw-teeth type or the like.
Thus, two shredding elements 4, juxtaposed and joined by their free end, make it possible to obtain a shredding machine that has double the power of that of a single unit and that therefore makes it possible to process more voluminous parts.
Because the collar 9 or the cover are fastened to the hollow tube forming the shredding element 4 in a removable way, the adaptation of said element 4 to different embodiments can be performed quickly and without difficulty.
Also, mounting two pre-grinders or pre-shredders in a juxtaposed manner can be foreseen, without them being connected to one another, so that their operation can be totally independent.
In the case of using a cover on the free end of the shredding element 4, it is possible to fill the space delimited between the mobile part 3″ of the reducing gear 3 and said cover with a cooling liquid. Such a cooling liquid makes it possible to use the shredding element 4 as a radiator. Actually, during operation, the reducing gear 3 is subjected to a high elevation of temperature, which could be detrimental to a long-term operation, so that its cooling must be ensured. The provision of cooling liquid in the interior space of the hollow tube forming the shredding element 4 makes it possible to ensure a considerable absorption of the heat energy released and, because the grinder or crusher is subjected, in a known way, to a strong suction of air through its feed opening, the air passing through the latter passes previously over the shredding element 4 and cools the latter, which has the effect of a corresponding cooling of the cooling liquid contained in the latter and therefore of the reducing gear 3.
It is also possible to mount several shredding elements 4 in series between two reducing gears 3 so as to obtain a very large working width. Of course, in such a case, it will be advisable to select drive assemblies 1, as well as supports 5 of the latter, sized accordingly. In such a case, it is also possible to place, between the shredding elements 4 in series, grinding or shredding tool-holding assemblies in the form of end-plates equipped with mobile or stationary peripheral tools. Thus, the used tools of these assemblies can be easily and quickly interchanged by disassembly and reassembly of entire sub-assemblies.
According to a variant embodiment of the invention, in the case of using two shredding elements connected by their free ends by means of collars 9, these collars 9 can advantageously be provided with sealing means. Thus, the interior space delimited in the assembled elements 4 can also be used as a reservoir for cooling liquid.
In the embodiment of the invention according to
Finally, according to another characteristic of the invention and as
Preferably, in the case of using shredding elements 4 mounted at their two ends on reducing gears 3, whose stationary parts 3′ are each fastened to a wall of the frame 5 of the pre-grinder or pre-shredder, a stationary part 3′ of one end of each shredding element 4 is mounted on the corresponding wall of the frame 5 by interlocking with a collar or a ring, not shown, sliding in a corresponding bearing of said corresponding wall of the frame 5 and held against a rotation, while the stationary part 3′ assigned at the opposite end is advantageously directly interlocked with the corresponding wall. Thus, it is possible to ensure the free expansion of the shaft of each shredding element 4.
The hold against a rotation of the sliding collars or rings interlocked with the stationary part 3′ is ensured by means of cotter pins (not shown) that work with corresponding longitudinal grooves provided in the bearings provided in the wall of the frame 5, as well as on said sliding collars or rings, or even by means of a reaction arm connecting said collars or rings each to a stationary point provided on said wall of the frame 5. Such a reaction arm, which consists of a rod or the like connected by its ends, respectively, to the corresponding collar or ring and to the frame 5 or to a wall of the latter, is of a type known in the art and does not require additional description. Thus, a freedom of translation of the sliding collar or ring is allowed, its rotation remaining impossible because of its attachment to the wall of the frame 5 or to the frame 5 by means of the reaction arm.
Preferably, the shredding tools 6 that equip each shredding element 4 are in the form of double-faced tools or have two opposite active faces.
Thus, after a disassembly of the side walls of support of the elements 4 of the frame 5, it is possible to perform a turning-over of the assembly of the parts connected to the elements 4, so as to achieve a reversed mounting of said elements 4 and of their drive means, so that the side of the tools 6 that is not yet used can be put into use.
According to another characteristic of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawings, each side wall of the support frame 5 of the shredding elements 4 can be subdivided into a number of plates equal to the number of shredding elements 4, each plate being assigned to the support and guiding of one end of a shredding element 4 and being connected to the neighboring plate or plates, as well as to the rest of the frame 5 by means of an assembly means by bolting or the like. Thus, it is possible to perform an individual turning-over of each shredding element 4, independently of the neighboring element 4, as described above.
According to another characteristic of the invention, in the case of using side walls of frame 5 that are subdivided into several plates, each equipped with a reducing gear 3, mounted overhanging, with a shredding element 4, by means of its stationary part 3′, on such a plate, at least one thus equipped plate can be mounted in an articulated way or to slide in relation to the neighboring plate and can be actuated by a jack in the direction of a pivoting or of a sliding upward in relation to said neighboring plate. Preferably, such a plate that is articulated with the shredding element 4 will be placed upstream from the other plates, namely at the intake of a pre-grinder or pre-shredder in the direction of a feeding chute. Thus, it is possible to disengage a first shredding element 4 at the intake of a pre-grinding or pre-shredding machine, so as to enable the introduction into this machine of relatively bulky products, for example having a size greater than the width of a shredding element 4, these products then being crushed during the return to the position of the element 4 by flipping over or sliding into service position of the pivoting plate supporting it.
According to a characteristic of the invention, the shredding element 4 can be single and work with stationary counter-tools or, as
In the case of a different speed of rotation and of a rotation in the same direction, it will be possible to feed directly a grinder or a crusher, this while improving the pre-grinding or pre-shredding, which will facilitate the grinding and crushing operation.
The counter-tools that work optionally with the shredding element 4 can be in the form of stationary or removable tools that are interlocked with mobile supports under the action of a jack, so that said tools can be retracted to make possible a direct ejection or a direct feeding of a downstream grinder.
The provision of a device according to
The shredding element 4 provided at the pivoting end of the frame 5′ has the same effect as a flap or a crusher because it compresses the material against a wall preferably of the feed ramp and, because of the pivoting movement of the frame 5′, it makes it possible to cause the material to be processed to advance toward stationary counter-tools or toward the other shredder element 4. Preferably, the regulating of the application pressure of the shredding element 4, mounted to pivot on the frame 5′ and actuated by the jack or jacks 51′, will be performed in such a way that the maximum drive torque of the shredding element 4 is virtually reached, so that on reaching this maximum torque, a managing automatic control system will automatically cause a pivoting of the frame 5′ in the opposite direction.
In the case where the elements 4 turn in the opposite direction, all of the shredding forces are concentrated between the two elements 4 and on the articulation means, namely the frame 5′ of the shredding element 4 mounted to pivot in relation to the shaft 50′. The result is a significant lightening of the carrying structure of the unit.
Finally, according to another characteristic of the invention, not shown in the accompanying drawings, a part of the feed ramp, preferably located under the shredding element 4 mounted to pivot in relation to the shaft 50′, is articulated to serve as a flap for ejection of products that cannot be shredded or cannot be ground, this pivoting part of the feed ramp being actuated by jacks, preferably hydraulic jacks.
According to another characteristic of the invention and as
Preferably, in such a case, the bearings 31′ of the stationary parts 3′ of the reducing gears 3, as well as said stationary parts 3′ can advantageously exhibit a non-circular cylindrical cross-section, namely oval or polygonal (
According to another characteristic of the invention, also shown in
Finally, the pre-grinder or pre-shredder according to the invention can be equipped with a removable or articulated protective hood that extends, in service position, above the shredding element or elements 4 and is connected to the upper part of the side walls of the support frame 5 of said element or elements 4 by an articulation shaft or by means for fastening by bolting or the like.
Such a protective hood is not shown in the accompanying drawings for reasons of simplification of the latter, its make-up and its method of mounting being completely accessible to a person skilled in the art.
Thanks to the invention, it is possible to make a pre-grinder or pre-shredder of products to be processed that is of small bulk and of reduced weight. Furthermore, because of the use of the reducing gear 3, the design of such machines is also considerably simplified and therefore clearly less costly.
In addition, the possibility of a mounting of the shredding elements in two directions makes possible the use of double-faced tools and thus the obtaining of an increased service life of the parts that are subject to wear and tear.
Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications remain possible from the standpoint of the make-up of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without thereby exceeding the scope of protection of the invention.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 50184 | Jan 2010 | FR | national |
| 1053811 | May 2010 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2011/050057 | 1/12/2011 | WO | 00 | 8/2/2013 |
