This invention pertains to a machine for forming individual packets or pouches of smokeless tobacco, namely—snuff. More particularly, this invention pertains to a machine by which, in a continuous operation at a high production rate and with great reliability, packets are formed with great reliability as to the content of each of the packets upon filling, sealing, and the packaging.
With the ever-increasing use of smokeless tobacco and the advantages of having individual portions prepackaged in a suitable permeable pouch or packet, the individual packaging of these rather small pouches has become extremely difficult on a large scale, rapid production basis. The basic problem has been the inability to form with assured reliability individual packages in a continuous manner at rates of production which would be acceptable based on the demanded quality control and product specifications. As a consequence, prior art machines which have formed individual packets on a step and index basis have had production rates which have been unsatisfactory. Individual packages have varied in quality and content. Unpredictable products and their slow production have been very unacceptable. In part, this has been due to the agglomerative nature of snuff tobacco, all resulting in the production of unacceptable products with a number of quality control problems found to be unmanageable in prior art machines, even at their low rates of production.
A machine has now been invented in which a combination of elements are cooperating in a novel manner, employing means heretofore not employed for forming individual portions of the tobacco-containing packets. In this machine, portions of pre-measured amounts are injected from a continuously moving feed wheel, i.e., disc in a continuously formed permeable, non-woven, e.g., paper, tube. While individual filling of the packets takes place, these packets are formed continuously in a string of packets. These packets are appropriately sealed, quality-controlled, and cut while in a continuous motion in individual packets or pouches from a formed string or chain of packets. Thereafter, these are packaged in a pre-set count in packages, i.e, cans, which, in a step and index manner, are filled, moisturized and closed at high production rates.
This outstanding production has been achieved despite the demand for careful, individual packet formation and packaging of a predetermined count in a can. These high production rates heretofore have been incapable of achievement in forming individually packed pouches of smokeless tobacco. Moreover, the combination of continuous tobacco portion formation with a continuous string of packet formation, continuous cutting of a string of packets, and then step and index packaging in a manner as set forth herein, allows achieving the heretofore unheard of production rates. Previous art attempts have been directed to step and index formation of the pouches which has not made possible high production rates.
Whenever the terms pouches or packet or bag have been used, these are meant to signify either particulate matter or tobacco, but preferably a tobacco-containing, permeable, end sealed tube having a discrete portion of tobacco therein. Whenever the terms package, container or can are used, these are meant to signify the container in which the above-mentioned packets are placed at the end of the production cycle.
With reference to the drawings herein which illustrate the present invention and various aspects thereon and wherein:
a shows the production sequence for the packet or pouch and its packaging;
a shows in a partial top view the container filling machine and lid closing means shown in
b shows a top view of a detail of a lid feeding mechanism shown in
a shows the front view of the mechanism for forming a permeable material tape into a continuous tube;
b shows the side view of the permeable material tape folding die of
c shows, in part, a cross-sectional view of the cutting device for cutting off individual packets from the chain of packets previously formed, including associated guide means;
d is a top view along lines 10d of
a is a star wheel shown in
b is a top view of a proximity sensor mechanism used in conjunction with the star wheel;
c is a partial side view of the proximity sensor mechanism shown in
Turning now to the Figure,
Each of the packets 9 is a link 9 in the chain or string of packets. Each packet 9 is defined by the end seals 7 and 8, and the packet or pouch 9 thus formed is continuously advanced. Individually formed pouches are then severed and counted for packaging a pre-set number of these packets into a package 10. After an appropriate amount of moisture is added to the can and a lid 11 placed thereon for sealing, these cans are ready for distribution and use by the ultimate consumer.
Turning now to
Turning now to
The feed nozzle 29 is operated by a pneumatic conduit line 30. The pneumatically injected air in feed nozzle 29 pneumatically ejects the tobacco accumulated into holes 28 in the feed wheel 27, as it will be further elaborated herein. In order to assure that each of the holes 28 in the feed wheel 27 are being filled, a vibrator, shown in
Further, in order to assure proper alignment of a hole 28 with the feed nozzle 29 for the air to blow down the tobacco into the feed tube 4, a timing sequence, illustrated in
Inasmuch as tobacco in finely cut form tends to agglomerate and/or coalesce, a vibrator and/or a stirrer helps to fill the emptied holes 28 as these are moved into the fill position underneath the hopper 25 for filling with tobacco therein.
However, the hopper unit 12 needs to be disassembled from time to time to assure its proper functioning, and for that purpose a latch arm 33 holds down the hopper 25 when engaged to a latch arm bracket 34, such as by a latch pin or bolt 35, or other means further shown herein. Opposite the latch arm 33 is a hopper holder 36 containing a hinge 37. The hinge 37 is mounted on a hinge bracket 38. As shown in
The feed wheel 27 rests in a feed wheel dish 39 which has a bottom plate 40 upon which the feed wheel 27 rests on an O-ring 27a. This arrangement is further shown in
A mounting bracket 41 for the feed nozzle 29 allows alignment and removal of the feed nozzle 29 before the hopper unit 12 is removed to provide access to the feed wheel 27. A side view in
Turning now to the paper tube 5 forming unit 14, it consists of an arm 43 holding a roll 44 of paper tape 6. Tape 6 is guided around guide rollers 46 over a smoothing plate 46a into a tube forming die 47 which folds the paper tape 6 around the fill tube shown in
The formed paper tube 5 surrounds the filler tube 4 circumferentially thereof. Die 47 is supported independently of the tube by lug 49 protruding perpendicularly from bracket plate 50. Bracket plate 50 also holds the guide rollers 46, as well as the guide plate 46a.
In order to form a longitudinal seal along the formed tube 5, heating unit 15 is used therefor. It is shown in
Gross heating is accomplished by heating unit 52a, and the fine heat adjustments of it are controlled by a variable voltage resistance heating while a fine heat adjustment through resistance unit 52a is controlled by a phase fired temperature controller (not shown).
An insulation layer 53 insulates the sealing die 51 from the rest of the machine.
Upon a stop or interruption during the machine operation, the in and out adjustments of die 51 are made by means of an air cylinder 56, as otherwise the paper tube 5 will be burned or charred by the sealing die 51. However, the main function of air cylinder 56 is a gross adjustment, i.e., disengagement of the heating die 51 by retraction of it as shown in
These control feature interconnections will be further discussed herein.
The air cylinder 56 which drives the heating unit is supported on a bracket 57 while the heating unit rides on two rails 58, one each at the bottom and top supporting the heating die 51, its insulating elements 53 and the support unit 56a.
Opposite the heating unit and bearing against the filler tube 4 are concavely shaped rollers 59, two of which are shown. These rollers 59 hold the formed paper tube 5 against the filler tube 4.
As shown in
Both of the sprocket wheels 61 and 62 may be heated, or only one may be heated depending on the relative resistance of the paper to the sealing means and the relative speed thereof. It has been found adequate if only one of the sprocket wheels, namely—61, is being heated, although it is contemplated that both may be heated if necessary. The resistance elements are inserted in each of the sprockets 60 through electrical connection 63, shown for wheel 61. The actual interconnection is through a commutation, e.g., as shown for the thermocouple in
As the seal 7 is being formed and as a feed wheel 27 and hole 20 are appropriately aligned with the feed tube 4, air via the pneumatic line 30 and the feed nozzle 29 makes a brief swirling air jet at a pressure of about 60 psi for a pulse cycle of 20-100 milliseconds or longer into feed hole 28. This jet pulse causes the tobacco to travel all the way down the feed tube 4 into the space up to the two engaging sprockets on wheels 61 and 62, forming the seal 7. As the timing of the injection and capture as well as backwash has been allowed for in the speed of the sprocket wheel 61 and 62 and as soon as the filling operation is concluded, the next set of sprockets on wheels 61 and 62, respectively, engage each other and seal the upper part of the pouch or packet, completing the formation of seals 8 and 7, as shown in
The paper tube 5 is thus converted into individual pouches in a continuous flow, although the tobacco is injected in a step and index manner, even though the feed wheel 27 rotates continuously. A chain consisting of pouches 9 is taken off the sprocket wheels and guided leftwardly by the guide unit 17 consisting of an elastomeric material covered wheel 64. One of the elastomeric sprockets 62a on wheel 62 grips the pouch at seal, e.g., 7 or 8, and engages also the elastomeric guide wheel 64, thus again positively pulling the chain of pouches. Wheel 64 is free wheeling, and is supported on bracket 65. As the individual pouches 9 are guided around a guide roller 67, these are led onto a hold-down belt 60 positively driven by the arrangement shown in
As shown in
As shown in greater detail in
In the next section designated as 20, each of the pouches is fed in a cutting section, previously identified as 20. This cutting section consists of a cutting wheel 71 and an anvil wheel 72. These wheels are in a different speed relation to each other, and the cutting wheel 71 rotates three times faster than the anvil wheel 72. There are three knives 304 (not shown in
Each of the wheels in 71 and 72 rotates on its corresponding axis 71a and 72a. The wheels are faced off with a plate 73. Plate 73 has two pneumatic inlets, 71b and 72b, respectively, communicating with passageways 306 (not shown in
As the wheels are rotating relative to each other and a slight shearing action is imparted due to the alignment of the knives 304 on the cutting wheel 71 relative to the anvils 305 (also shown in
As the pouches fall into the receptacle 21a and filling device 21, these are accumulated in sufficient number to fill a container 10. After the filling has occurred, however, a jet of moisture is added to the pouches 9 in a can 10 so that these may be of the right moisture accepted by the consumers as necessary for the enjoyment of smokeless tobacco.
Turning now to
The vibrator 32 and the stirrer 31 and its stir paddle 31b assure that each of the feed holes 20 on the periphery of the feed wheel 27 are being filled as these rotate within the hopper section overlying the feed wheel 27.
The feed nozzle 29 as mentioned before imparts a swirling motion to the tobacco in each of the peripheral holes 28, and this drives the tobacco into the feed tube 4 and the wrapped around tube 5 formed of paper tape 6.
The drive arrangement for the various sections such as the sprocket wheel 60 and 61 and the interrelated control of the feed nozzle 29, and the continuous drive for the feed wheel are housed in the housing 100 and are illustrated in
The main drive motor is shown in
Shop air for connection to the various pneumatic devices is connected to a shop air connector 103.
The base of the machine, as shown in
Further, with reference to
The can feed section comprises two chutes 22a and 67, the first feeding the cans and the second feeding the lids to be placed on the cans. In greater detail these are shown in the subsequent drawing, namely—
In
Turning now to
As the cans enter one of the four positions provided for in the index wheel 123, these are being indexed through four positions. The four positions in the indexed wheel 123 are as follows. The “Can receive” position is No. 1; the “fill position” is No. 2; the “tamp position” is No. 3, and the “eject position” is No. 4. Upon filling the can with an appropriate count of packets or pouches 9, the water inject unit shown in
After the fill position, in the tamp position a pneumatically activated tamper cylinder 127, having a downward stroke activation as well as an upward stroke activation, represented by pneumatic inlets 128 and 129, is used to assure that the package is tightly packed.
Thus the can 10 is prepared for placement of a lid thereon. In the event that a can contains an improper count of pouches, i.e., the photoelectric eye and cell combination 18 and 18a has detected an unfilled bag or pouch, the sequence allows an entire can to be rejected. It has been found more easily to deal with the problem by rejecting a can rather than rejecting an individual pouch.
For this reason, a reject opening 126 under the tamper cylinder 127 in the index wheel shown as 123 is used. A can which contains an improper count is indexed to the third position, under tamper cylinder 127, then gate 125 is lowered by a pneumatically activated gate cylinder 125a, and a blast of air (from a nozzle shown in
The gate 125 is part of the fence 124 guiding the properly filled can into the lidder or lid applying unit, further shown in
The lid or lidder unit shown in
These substantial modifications, while contemplated, indicate that once the machine has been set up, it tends to operate essentially with the same size of pouch being produced. The distinction, however, from the prior art resides in that the pouches, of extremely uniform size, can be formed and cut very uniformly at a predictable place on the end seals, e.g., 7 and 8. There is substantially no tobacco in the end seals, e.g., 7 and 8, thus preventing pouch failure due to lack of seal formation.
The groove for the O-ring 27a has also been shown in the Figure and identified as 27b. As this is the bottom view of the filler wheel 27, it is clear that tobacco, while it will escape somewhat sideways towards the central portion of the drive shaft key way 28a, will not be allowed to go to the periphery of the wheel.
If necessary, two grooves may be provided on either side of the holes 28 with appropriately sized O-rings placed therein.
In
Nevertheless, it has been found in practice that it is necessary to remove the hopper 25 every day. For that purpose, hinge 37 and hopper 25 removal is necessary so that the feed wheel 27 can be cleaned. In addition, it has been found necessary that the Stainless steel filler wheel 27 be removed and cleaned on a regular basis. Thus
Turning now to
With reference to
A bearing support 169 carries the drive shaft 169a forwardly and interconnects the same with the means for driving the feed wheel 27, namely—bevelled gear pair 170 and 171, respectively. A bearing support 174 allows the shaft 173 to drive the feed wheel 27 through a bearing-journal arrangement 174a in such a manner that the interrelated continuous motion is smoothly transmitted to the feed wheel 27. The upper end of the drive shaft 173 fits into the feed wheel 27 drive slot key 28a. The shaft 163a also carries a star wheel 172. Star wheel 172 is used for timing the air injection in the feed nozzle 29 which feeds the tobacco portion 3 into the filler tube 4, as shown in
The sprocket gear 167 and spur gears 175 have appropriate synchronizing and alignment hubs identified as 176. In order to facilitate the sharpening of the knives in wheel 71 and its removal from the machine, the entire cutting wheel 71 and anvil wheel assembly identified in
A commutator 178 for a thermocouple inserted in the heated sprocket wheel 61 has also been shown in
Although in
Turning now to
The air cylinder 56 which operates the edge sealing or longitudinal seal die 51 retracts the die whenever the machine is stopped. As shown in
Air cylinder 56 is operated by an activated solenoid valve 203 whenever a failure or stop mode occurs.
In the production cycle the next event which occurs is the proper cutting of the bags in the cutting unit 20 shown in
Next, the pneumatic cylinder 86 for accumulator gate 85, shown in
The packaging unit for packaging can 10 with the individual pouches has an index cylinder 123a which, in turn, indexes upon completion of the proper count of each of the containers. The index cylinder 123a is a one way ratchet cylinder. Thereafter, the tamper cylinder 127 shown in
When a lid is placed on the can as shown in
The above explains the sequence of the operation of the machine from the point of view of the pneumatic circuit. These circuit elements, e.g., cylinders, air jets, etc., in turn are interconnected with the electrical control unite which operate the appropriate solenoids. If necessary, of course, some of the units may be operated intermittently or continuously, such as vibrator 32 in combination with the hopper 25.
Turning now to the star wheel identified as 172 and its associated feed nozzle 29 timing and pulse manipulation, these are shown in
If the proximity sensor housing plate 406 is pivoted about pivot point 407 and adjusted with a set screw 408, the datum plane is such that either the proximity sensor detects the metal earlier or later and thus the feed nozzle 29 pulse is either advanced or retarded. This fine adjustment allows the precise timing of the pulse for the feed nozzle 29, as well as the duration therefor. Hence, the proper filling of the tube 5 is on a continuously moving basis. After the end seal of 7 is formed, filler nozzle 29 fills the tube 5, and before the elastomeric pad on sprocket wheel 62 positively pulls the end seal 7 to form a seal 8, the precise filler nozzle timing and duration must take place. The proximity sensor 400 is interconnected to the feed nozzle 29 through an appropriate circuit and operates the solenoid valve 201 shown in
If one remembers that at top speed from six to eight bags per second are being formed, one can appreciate the advantages of the continuous bag formation rather than the step and index prior art approach where production rates of about less than half of those achievable herein are only possible.
Turning now to
As shown in
The rest of the sequence has been previously explained in combination with the machine operation and need not be elaborated. Electronic circuitry necessary for the operation of the machine is of the conventional type; circuits and their components for the above explained controls or steps are available.
With respect to the temperature control unite, these are normally operated as any conventional resistance heating units. The temperatures that have been found to be acceptable for the heater, such as side seal heater 51, vary based on the paper used, and have been selected accordingly as measured with a pyrometer. The end seal, e.g., 7 or 8, is achieved by sprocket 60 at a temperature found sufficient as measured with a pyrometer on one edge of one of the stainless steel heater sprockets 60.
Although the temperature reading may be higher with respect to the wheel holding these sprockets, the ultimate temperature determination and workability of the end seals or transverse seals is dictated by the quality of the formed seal itself.
In general, the air which has been used for operation of the pneumatic lines is about 40 to 60 psi. The pressure for the feed nozzle 29 has been found to be in the vicinity of 60 psi. However, the air pressure on the face of the cutting wheel 71 has been found to be adequate if set at about 10 psi.
The pneumatic cylinders are generally operated at a pressure of about 85 psi, but various adjustments may be made as needed depending on the cycling of the machine, etc.
The above-described machine, as illustrated in the embodiments shown above, has achieved high production rates such as from six to eight pouches per second. This rate has been accomplished by the continuous bag filling operation, and yet at the same time overcoming the rate limiting step and index operations. The result has been very precise and facile production of a tobacco-filled packet. The advantages in the present packet or pouch itself reside in the fact that the seals are exceptionally tobacco frees the filling is very precise as the fill wheel is operated under very high rates of production and precision; the cutting of the end seals is accomplished with adjustable precision such that the cut is repeatedly precisely made and the integrity of the bag is maintained. Fine adjustments in the cut can be accomplished with the device as illustrated herein so that the seals are at all times unaffected by the cut. The shearing action in the cutting wheels such as wheel 71 has a very beneficial function, because the cut is precise, positive and cleans the knives are self-sharpening to a certain extent, and the rapid cut allows a positive severance of the bags. This is more difficult to accomplish with a knife and anvil system which, furthermore, requires repeated sharpening. Moreover, the shear action also eliminates shock loading of the system and thus interruption is lees likely to occur. The bag count is made by a combination of the photocell 18 and light 18a as well as the anvil wheel 71 rotation, as the number of bags between the photoelectric eye and the 9 o'clock cutting position does not change.
Furthermore, by appropriately providing for a proper count and knowing where an improperly filled bag or can is located, the quality control can be assured by automatically rejecting the undesired pouch with the entire can. The precise count also avoids the empty box or empty bag problem, and the inspection of each of the machine-made pouches assures that there are no empty bags in one of the packages.
This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 06/530,865, now allowed and for which a final fee has been paid on Jun. 1, 1987.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
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1092232 | Thom | Apr 1914 | A |
1177066 | Thom | Mar 1916 | A |
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1986422 | Zwoyer | Jan 1935 | A |
2113636 | Vogt | Apr 1938 | A |
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3715059 | Hyer | Feb 1973 | A |
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4524567 | Patelli | Jun 1985 | A |
4607479 | Linden | Aug 1986 | A |
4646933 | Jurczenia et al. | Mar 1987 | A |
4657622 | Paules | Apr 1987 | A |
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Number | Date | Country |
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149985 | Jul 1985 | EP |
Entry |
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Definition of Die, Merriam-Webster Dictionary, downloaded online Jan. 19, 2012. |
Definition of sensor, Merriam-Webster Dictionary, downloaded online Jan. 17, 2012. |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 06530865 | Sep 1983 | US |
Child | 07084329 | US |