FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention belongs to the technical field of construction; more particularly, it belongs to the technical field of modular systems for sustainable dwelling construction.
BACKGROUND
Prefabricated homes today have a fairly high demand from people who need to build efficiently and with reduced operating times, they also have a great need to be affordable and family homes in different areas, whether rural or urban, the prefabricated house has the advantages, for example that the construction can be carried out throughout the year without the weather being a factor that prevents its advance, they are prefabricated in a production line in the factory with its respective assembly line, Greater building efficiency is achieved by being easy-to-assemble systems, allowing a man to perform more tasks in a day's work, construction execution time is reduced, a building is achieved with greater cleanliness and with minimal hidden defects, by The units being almost completely pre-finished from the factory, it is achieved that the partitions, doors, accessories, equipment and windows, among others, are and install precisely as there are no errors due to misalignments and/or collapses, the finishes are implemented more easily due to the precise alignment of the precast elements and it can also be mentioned that the building is more economical being that the typical factory salaries are substantially lower than field wages.
Each manufactured dwelling unit is typically built with a separate floor and roof. Therefore, when units are stacked on top of each other on site, the floor in an upper unit is placed on the ceiling of a lower unit. This results in excessive loading on the part of the structural joist members. This is different from conventional site construction that uses the same joist for both the upper floor and the lower ceiling between two modules.
Various designs for floor/ceiling units are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,886,962, 3,510,997, 3,724,141, 4,211,043 and 5,575,119. Each of these designs are basically hybrid panel construction methods; that is, the single-unit floor functions as the single-unit roof, as a standard construction on site builds multi-story structures. Someone can go to any construction site where a multi-story complex is being built. However, in such prior art designs, the floors and ceilings of the constructed dwelling units are not being finished, but on site. Therefore, these panel assemblies still require extensive on-site finishing, including wall and ceiling finishes, floor coverings, and installation of cabinets and accessories. Furthermore, most of these panels are constructed of concrete, a very difficult material to use for mass production.
However, because the modules are presumably shipped to site in standard flat-surface racks, the roof portion of the upper “U” cannot be finished, for example painting or tapping, until after the modules are erected. in the place. Consequently, since the roof must be finished on site, the degree of factory finish of the walls, floors, and fixtures is limited due to the roofs that were shipped and completed. Although this proposed construction method theoretically eliminates redundancy of wall and floor/ceiling materials, it does not account for.
The prior art references describe the use of vertical steel tubes in combination with the units to provide the load capacity. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,925,679 and 4,592,175 disclose tube assemblies that act primarily as reinforcing agents on the unit walls. U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,927,498 and 5,755,062 disclose construction techniques where tubes are used. U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,227 makes use of an angle as a temporary exterior reinforcement.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,723,381 and 5,528,866 offer the use of exposed vertical structural steel members for the outer support of assemblies. However, such a construction method lacks the possibility of proposing external supports to practical considerations of aesthetics, exposure to elements, and code constraints.
Modular buildings of more than one story are generally erected by first establishing the integrated units both horizontally and vertically, and then constructing and connecting, corridors, and stairs. This progression of setting first priorities in corridors, corridors and staircases has the problem that the more units are used especially the more units are used the more stacked, the harder it will be to keep them plumb.
Thus, it can be seen that there is a need for a load bearing assembly that can accommodate the pressures of stacked units, thereby relieving the exterior walls of increased load, in accordance with most building and safety codes, as well as having hydraulic elements that allow it to have a differentiation with respect to what is already known, providing a home with characteristics different from those commercially known that provide comfort and confidence to the final buyer as well as to the people involved in the manufacturing process
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore a main object of protection, a prefabricated modular system for constructing a sustainable dwelling characterized in that it is composed of a foundation slab, walls built from pieces or blocks of the tongue and groove type, a slab for a mezzanine ceiling and/or rooftop, an arrangement of a recirculating system that saves drinking water with temperature control; and a water-saving recirculatory system arrangement in showers; where the slab is made up of two main components defined by a precast base that in its internal part houses a portion of a support structure, where the precast base is preferably made of reinforced concrete, it has a globally rectangular cross section that in two Its ends have an L-shaped support slot configured so that the ends of the tablets rest on it and because the support structure is partially inside the precast base, and is made up of a plurality of bars of preferably circular cross-section where in the upper part a main bar is located in a horizontal arrangement, in the lower part of said main bar there is a plurality of pyramidal arrangements integrated each of these arrangements by at least four preferably cylindrical bars in triangular arrangement that at each of its lower ends are joined by electric welding preferably with a longitudinal tension arrangement that is composed of at least three bars of preferably circular cross-section in parallel to each other and that are interconnected by means of a preferably cylindrical connection bar and that is coupled in a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the axial axes of the bars that make up the longitudinal tension arrangement. The support structure is located within the precast base from an area proximal to the bottom of the pyramidal arrays to the bottom of the longitudinal tension array.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the substrate where the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction is placed.
FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the electro welded precast foundation slab 100 of the precast modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of the electro welded precast foundation slab 100 of the precast modular system for sustainable dwelling construction, with vertical reinforcements
FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of the electro welded precast foundation slab 100 of the precast modular system for sustainable dwelling construction cast with concrete.
FIG. 6A shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6B shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6C shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6D shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6E shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6F shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6G shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6H shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6I shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6J shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6K shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6L shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6M shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6N shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6O shows a perspective view of one of the tongue-and-groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 6P shows a perspective view of one of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the tongue and groove type blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in conjunction with the cast foundation slab 100.
FIG. 8 shows a perspective view of the general assembly of the different types of tongue and groove blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of the general assembly of the different types of tongue and groove blocks 200 that make up the walls of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in conjunction with the cast foundation slab 100.
FIG. 10A shows a perspective view of one of the tongue-and-groove upper lintel blocks 200 that make up the door and/or window openings of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 10B shows a perspective view of one of the tongue-and-groove upper lintel blocks 200 that make up the door and/or window openings of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 10C shows a perspective view of one of the tongue-and-groove type lower lintel blocks 200 that make up the door and/or window openings of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 10D shows a perspective view of the general assembly of the different types of tongue and groove type blocks 200 as well as the lintels blocks that make up the walls and door and/or window openings of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction in set with cast foundation slab 100.
FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of the slab section for the mezzanine and/or roof 300
FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of the interior structure of the mezzanine and/or roof slab section 300
FIG. 13 shows a front view of the slab section for the mezzanine roof and/or roof 300
FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of the mezzanine and/or roof slab 300
FIG. 15 shows an exploded perspective view of the mezzanine and/or roof slab 300
FIG. 16 shows a perspective view of the mezzanine and/or roof tile 400
FIG. 17 shows a front view of the Mezzanine and/or Roof Slab 400
FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of the slab section for the mezzanine and/or roof 400
FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of the electro welded interior structure 408 of the slab section for the mezzanine and/or rooftop roof 400
FIG. 20 shows an exploded perspective view of the mezzanine and/or roof slab 400
FIG. 21 shows an exploded perspective view of the mezzanine and/or roof slab 400 in conjunction with the tongue and groove block walls 200 assembled with the cast foundation slab 100.
FIG. 22 shows a perspective view of the mezzanine and/or roof slab section 500
FIG. 23 shows a front view of the Mezzanine and/or Roof Slab 500
FIG. 24 shows Bring a perspective view of the 500 Mezzanine and/or Roof Slab
FIG. 25 shows an exploded perspective view of the mezzanine and/or roof tile section 500
FIG. 26 shows a perspective view of the support structure 520 of the slab section for mezzanine and/or rooftop roof 500
FIG. 27 shows a perspective view of the support structure 520 of the mezzanine and/or roof slab 500
FIG. 28 shows a perspective view of the support structure 520 precast at its base with concrete of the slab for the mezzanine and/or roof 500
FIG. 29 shows an exploded perspective view of the mezzanine and/or roof slab 500
FIG. 30 shows a perspective view of the mezzanine and/or roof slab 500 cast with concrete in its compression layer.
FIG. 31 shows a perspective view of the mezzanine and/or roof slab 500 positioned on two walls.
FIG. 32 shows a perspective view of the mezzanine and/or roof slab 500 integrated into the tongue and groove block walls 200 assembled with the foundation slab 100.
FIGS. 32A and 32B show an isometric view of a first embodiment of a water-saving recirculating system for showers where the hydraulic system is shown in conjunction with a temperature control system that recirculates the cold water stored in hot water pipes, towards a visible storage tank, to be installed in a site not shown within the sustainable dwelling construction.
FIG. 33 illustrates an isometric view of the water-saving recirculating system for showers where the hydraulic system is shown in conjunction with a temperature control system that recirculates the cold water stored in hot water pipes, towards the cistern, to be installed in a site not shown within the construction of sustainable dwelling.
FIG. 34A illustrates an isometric view of the water-saving recirculating system for showers where the hydraulic system is shown in conjunction with the temperature control system that recirculates the cold water stored in the hot water pipes, only in this case it is adds to the system a water saving mechanism that not only prevents it from being wasted when waiting for it to come out at the desired temperature, but also integrates a motion sensor with solenoid valve and an intelligent drain that redirects the water to a tank of alternate storage
FIG. 34B illustrates an enlarged view of the storage tank, the heater line, the hot water faucet that is connected to the general temperature control system with the motion sensor in the shower and a smart drain that redirects the water to an alternate storage tank.
FIG. 35 illustrates an isometric view of another embodiment of the water-saving recirculating system for showers where the hydraulic system is shown in conjunction with a control system that recirculates the cold water within the hot water pipes.
FIG. 36 illustrates an isometric view of the water-saving recirculating system for showers where the hydraulic system is shown in conjunction with the control system, making an amplified view of the section of the faucets with the temperature sensor.
FIG. 37 fully illustrates the invention showing an isometric view of the recirculating water saving system for showers where the hydraulic system is shown in conjunction with the control system with an enlarged view of the faucets with the shower head, the control system, and the heater.
FIG. 38 illustrates an isometric view of the hydraulic system in conjunction with the control system with an enlarged view of the control box, the heater, and the recirculating pump.
FIG. 39 illustrates the block diagram of the electronics that make up the control system of the water-saving recirculating system for showers.
FIG. 40 illustrates the flow chart of the stages that control the water-saving recirculating system for showers.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In FIG. 1 it can see the present invention is based on the construction of sustainable homes, which are built from the following elements or structural components:
One foundation slab 100
Some walls built from pieces or blocks of the tongue and groove type 200
One slab for mezzanine and/or roof 300, 400, 500
A drinking water saving recirculating system arrangement for temperature-controlled showers; 600
A water-saving recirculating system arrangement in showers 700
Firstly, in FIG. 3 it is shown that the foundation slab 100 of the prefabricated modular system for sustainable dwelling construction is arranged one in the upper part of a substrate 2, which is leveled for the addition of the components that make up the structure, in particular, in the portion of the foundation slab 100 this is integrated by a plurality of electro welded rods and interconnected with each other where there is a plurality of lower rods 101 arranged horizontally, that is to say parallel to the level of the substrate where they are, in the upper part and through a series of interconnections and electro welding in a preferential way. They have intermediate rods 102, which have a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the lower rods 101 and that in their upper part have an arrangement of upper rods 103 where they have a series of interlocking characteristics similar to those available in the lower arrangement and that when closing the arrangement of the foundation slab form a plurality of spaces cubic shaped that vary in dimension 2-6″ 5.08-12.324 cm. The wire used for the construction of these meshes is of high resistance Fy=6000 kg/cm2 that vary in height from 10×10 to 10×30 cm and the gauges are variable, depending on the structural needs of the work.
In FIGS. 4 and 5 it can be seen that in specific areas of the delimitation of the periphery as well as the delimitation of internal sections of the foundation slab 100 where a room or similar will take place, there is the exit of a connecting rod and vertical reinforcement 104, which has a preferably circular section and is arranged vertically. Finally, a concrete mix 3 is dispersed to hide the foundation slab 100 that is on top of the substrate 2.
FIGS. 6A to 6P show the components that structure the walls of the system object of the present invention, these being a series of tongue-and-groove type blocks 200 where there are different pieces with different configurations that are listed below:
Block of a base tongue and groove type 210
Block of a coupled tongue 220
Two-tapped block base 230
Block of a coupled tongue 240
Primary three-tap block 250
Coupled three-tap block 260
Wherein the Block of a base tongue and groove type 210 is integrated by a structure made of concrete preferably and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile 211, which is integrated in turn by at least one pair of curved reliefs 212 that have a ridge in their middle part; In the upper part it has a extrusion 213 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a base tongue and groove type 210, while at the opposite end to the extrusion of tongue and groove 213 has a tongue insert cavity 214 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 213 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
The block of a coupled tongue 220 is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a reception profile 221, which is integrated in turn by at least two U-shaped reliefs 222; In the upper part it has a extrusion 223 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the Block of a base tongue 210, while at the end opposite the tongue extrusion 223 has a tongue insert cavity 224 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 223 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
Wherein the Block of two is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile 231, which is integrated in turn by at least one pair of curved reliefs 232 that have a ridge in their middle part; In the upper part it has two extrusions 233 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a tapped block base 230, while at the end opposite the tap extrusions 233 it has a tap insert cavity 234 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the site where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 233 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
The block of two coupled tongue 240 is integrated by a structure made of concrete preferably and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a reception profile 241, which is integrated in turn by at least two U-shaped reliefs 242; In the upper part it has two extrusions 243 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a base tongue and groove type 210, while at the end opposite the tongue-and-groove extrusions 243 has a tongue-and-groove insert cavity 224 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where The tongue-and-groove extrusion 243 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
Where the block of three primary three-tap block 250 is integrated by a structure preferably made of concrete and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces an insertion profile 251, which is integrated in turn by at least one pair of curved reliefs 252 that have a ridge in their middle part; In the upper part it has three extrusions 253 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a past drilling in its middle art, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a primary three-tap block 250, while at the opposite end of the tongue-and-groove extrusions 253 it has a tongue-and-groove insertion cavity 254 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where the tongue-and-groove extrusion 253 of the one-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
The coupled block of coupled three-tap block 260 is integrated by a structure made of concrete preferably and this has a preferably quadrangular section, having on at least one of its faces a receiving profile 261, which is integrated in turn by at least two U-shaped relief 262; In the upper part it has three extrusions 263 of a globally conical shape, truncated in the upper part and that in this same upper portion has a through hole in its middle part, which has a generally cylindrical shape and that is coincident with the axial axis of the body of the block of a coupled three-tap block 260, while at the opposite end to the tongue-and-groove extrusions 263 has three insertion cavities of tongue-and-groove 264 which has a generally truncated conical shape, since it is the place where The tongue-and-groove extrusion 263 of the One-tongue block is inserted, as well as the extrusions of the secondary and tertiary base blocks.
In one embodiment of the aforementioned blocks, these have through holes 280 in the axial axes that are coincident with the tongue and groove insertion cavities and the tongue-and-groove extrusions, this allows to give way to the electrical, hydraulic and sanitary installations 105 that the house requires for its correct operation, in each of these, also as shown in FIG. 7, the insertion of the vertical connection and reinforcement rods 104 can be seen through the holes 280; In addition to the fact that for easy access to specific areas of the electrical installation, there are special installation blocks 260 where some of the blocks such as the three base 260 and three coupled connections 260, among others, contain inserted one, two and up to three 270E electrical registers that are coincident with one of the tongue-and-groove extrusions, thus avoiding grooving in the construction and for the ease of hydraulic connections, there is, among others, the block of two base tongues 260, the block of three coupled three-tap block 260 with an access window 270H that allows access to the hydraulic components that are arranged inside said blocks, as shown in FIGS. 6G, 6H, 6I and 6J.
FIG. 7 show an example of the embodiment of the first course of the assembly of the blocks 200 and the way in which the vertical reinforcing rods are arranged. 104 as well as facilities within hole 280.
FIGS. 8 and 9 show the assembly of the tongue and groove blocks 200 together with the special coupled three-tap block 260 and the vertical reinforcing rods 104; in turn, the lower lintel block 293 can be seen.
In the same sense, and for the upper portion of the system, there is the coupling of upper lintel blocks 290 where they are mainly made of reinforced concrete and where they have a generally rectangular prismatic shape, which in their upper part have a plurality of connecting extrusions 291 wherein they have a circular shape; at each of their upper ends they have an insert bore 292 where it has a cylindrical shape that has a partial hollow inside that receives a lower extrusion 294 that is located on the opposite face from where the insertion profile 211 is connected, FIG. 10D shows how the upper lintel blocks 290 are accommodated in the door and window enclosures, as well as the lower lintel block 293.
For the portion of the roof of the structure, there are three types of slabs included, where the selection depends on the type of construction and the conditions of the work where it is carried out, firstly, there is a slab sectioned in T configured to be placed on the built-in tongue and groove type walls.
The slab 300 of the present invention is based on a precast slab with lightweight concretes, of a T-section configuration, to form a thermoacoustic slab 300 with standardized width dimensions, but with a variable length and depth, to conform to the specific needs of the building. The modality of slab 300 of the present invention solves avoiding the need to use falsework and/or shoring, being a slab simply supported where once positioned it is cast with concrete to form the compression layer together with the closing chains 318.
FIG. 11 shows the one that slab 300 contains a female lateral overlap 301 and a male lateral overlap 302 that serve to longitudinally join several T-sections to form a single thermoacoustic slab, against the other, perforations 303 are seen in the superelevation of the slab that serve to allow the branching of the electrical and hydraulic networks, in addition to lightening the slab and that are later covered with a piece of polystyrene in the lower part thus achieving a finish without the need for plastering, in addition to generating a vacuum for obtain thermal and acoustic properties; a cut 304 is also shown in the lower flanges for the insertion of the slab and a chain of enclosure of the work to be roofed.
FIG. 12 illustrates the electro welded steel structure 305, which serves as the internal structure that makes up the slab 300, the longitudinal tension rods 306 and the transverse rods 307 as well as the upper electro welded mesh 308 that is adhered to the web in shape zigzag 309.
In FIG. 13, a T-section can be seen in cross-section to form the slab 300 already precast in lightweight concrete, where the male lateral lap 302 and the female lateral lap 301 are shown, which serve to longitudinally assemble a T-section of Slab against another, the central structural element 313 is also seen along with its lower projections 314 on both sides.
FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of three T-sections 300 forming a slab where the male 302 and female 301 lateral overlaps are seen, a polystyrene plate 316 that is positioned between the central structural elements, of the sections in T and which serves to shape the ceiling avoiding subsequent repels, as well as serving as a cover to cover the electrical and plumbing installations that are housed inside the gap 317 that is formed between the cover of the T section 300 and the polystyrene 316 Said gap 317 also generates a vacuum that provides thermal and acoustic properties to the entire slab system.
FIG. 15 shows a representation of how various T sections are integrated to form the complete thermoacoustic slab T 300, the closing chain 318 as well as the electro welded mesh 319 for casting the compression layer can be seen; the three elements are placed on the walls of a building forming the mezzanine roof and/or roof 300.
FIGS. 16 and 17 show a second type of slab sectioned in an inverted T configured to be placed on the built-in walls of the tongue and groove type.
The inverted T section slab 400 forms a thermoacoustic slab, where a central beam 401 is seen, which is the main central structural element, the precast base 402 is seen, which contains an interior steel structure; so, itself, it has in its upper part some blocks of expanded polystyrene 407, which lighten the slab and provide it with thermoacoustic properties,
In FIGS. 18 and 19 a perspective view of the elements that form the skeleton or internal structure of an inverted T section 400 to form a slab is illustrated, where the longitudinal tension steel rods 403 are illustrated, which are variable in their gauge and that they are electro welded with the transverse rods 404 forming the electro welded base mesh; Said base mesh is electro welded with the central zigzag ladder 405 and the upper longitudinal steel 406, which together make up the reinforcing steel of the central beam 401. The steels used are grade 60 and the calibers of the longitudinal rods are variable. adjusting to the structural needs of a specific work.
FIG. 20 illustrates the upper electro welded mesh 408 used to absorb deformations due to temperature changes, where a compression layer casting is incorporated in its upper part. The upper electro welded mesh and the compression layer casting are placed on site as several inverted T sections 400 form a single thermoacoustic slab that form a clearing to be covered or roofed in conjunction with the closing chain 409 several sections of inverted T slab 400 in conjunction with the expanded polystyrene plates 407 that remain in the center, and the compression layer of the upper part with the electro welded mesh 408 with the closing chain 409, a slab of variable section is achieved according to the needs of a work, which provides thermal and acoustic properties in addition to having its precast base 402 does not require the use of false ceilings and because they are perfectly aligned it only requires a paste-like finish on its ceiling.
FIG. 21 shows a representation of a house where the inverted T-sectioned slab 400 is illustrated, together with the enclosure chains 409, placed on some tongue and groove block walls 200 that are offset on the cast foundation slab 100.
In a third embodiment of the slab, there is a modular arrangement of the joists type with tablets for the construction of a slab 500, which is generally composed of at least one pair of joists 501 that are arranged parallel to each other, and that in its middle part houses at least one pair of tablets 502 that form an arrangement of slabs.
FIG. 23 shows a cross-sectional view of the slab 500 where several joists 501 are illustrated in conjunction with a series of tablets 502 that make up the slab; both the joists and the slabs are of variable cant to achieve the desired gaps according to a specific work.
FIGS. 24 to 28 show the exploded perspective view of the components of the construction of one of the joists 501 for the construction of the slab 500 and is made up of two main components defined by a precast base 510 that houses a portion of a support structure 520, where the precast base 510 is preferably made of concrete, has a globally rectangular cross section that at two of its ends has an L-shaped support flange 511 configured so that the ends of the tablets 502 land on it; the support structure 520 is partially inside the precast base 510, and is composed of a plurality of bars of preferably circular cross-section where in the upper part a main bar 521 is located in a horizontal arrangement, in the lower part of said main bar 521 there is a plurality of pyramidal arrangements 522 integrated each of these arrangements by at least four preferably cylindrical bars in a triangular arrangement which at each of their lower ends are joined by electro-welded preferably with a longitudinal tension arrangement 523, which is composed of at least three bars of preferably circular cross-section in parallel to each other and that are interconnected by means of a connecting bar 524 of preferably cylindrical shape and that is coupled in a perpendicular arrangement with respect to the axial axes of the bars that integrate the longitudinal tension arrangement. The support structure is located within the precast base from an area proximal to the bottom of the pyramidal arrays 522 to the bottom of the longitudinal tension array 523.
Tablets 502 are made up of two main components, a main base 530 and an insulating cover 540; where the main base 530 preferably made of concrete, has a cross section of a generally rectangular shape and that at each of its ends locates an inverted L-shaped flange 531, which during the assembly of the modular system for construction 500 is interconnected with the support slot 511 of the precast base 510, on the upper face of the main base and perpendicular to the groove 511, the main base 530 has at least one pair of reinforcing projections 532 that are They have a truncated pyramidal shape where the smaller base of this interconnects with the upper face of the main base 530, while the insulating cover 540 preferably made of polystyrene, has a generally prismatic rectangular shape that in its lower part has the minus one pair of grooves 541 of truncated pyramidal cross section, which interconnects with the reinforcing projections 532 of the main base 530.
Derived from its layout and configuration, the modular construction system 500 has the ability to be assembled in combinations of n 502 tablets, having as an initial basis an arrangement of at least one pair of these, in this way it is possible to cover gaps of variable dimensions, In addition, there is no problem with the assemblies of the 502 tablets since they can be interconnected immediately without the need for greater care for the builder, since it can rest on the installed tablets to place the subsequent ones, increasing the installation speed, achieving a perfect alignment in the ceiling which allows the finishes to be only a thin layer of pasta or similar.
FIG. 29 shows the complete arrangement of the tablet joist slab 500 where the slab made up of several joists and tablets, the electro welded mesh 503 to absorb temperature changes and the closing chain 560 that together make up a slab when casting is illustrated. compression layer 570 as shown in FIG. 30.
FIG. 31 shows a representation of the modular slab of the tablet girder type 500, placed on the walls of a construction site; and particularly in FIG. 31A a dwelling building is shown in which the modular slab of the tablet joist type 500 is shown placed on walls of tongue and groove blocks 200 which are offset from the foundation slab 100.
The roof slab 500 slab is a slab that provides thermo-acoustic properties, it is easy to install, light, and safe to walk on site prior to casting the compression layer and by having the 530 bases of the 502 tablets precast, the insertion of dowels is allowed in any area of the slab and its ceiling only requires a surface finish due to its perfect alignment.
FIG. 32A illustrates an isometric view of a general diagram of the common hydraulic installation 600 of a house and in FIG. 32B an enlarged view of some connections of the temperature control system 612 is illustrated; The water is commonly stored in a cistern 601 and is pumped to a tank 604 through the water fill line from the tank to a tank 603; a water pump 602 is generally used to accomplish this. The water stored in tank 604 travels through the tank outlet line 605 and is distributed to two channels, the tank line to heater 607 and the tank line to the cold water tap 609; In order to obtain water at the desired temperature through the shower 615, the cold water 610 and the hot water 611 taps are commonly opened, regulating the flow of both until the combination gives us a desired water temperature. To prevent the water from being wasted while it exits through the showerhead 615 at the desired temperature, the control system 612 installed in the hydraulic system is illustrated, where it can be seen that, for this case, the water coming from the heater 606 through from the heater line to the hot tap 608, firstly, it is directed to the control system 612. This temperature control system registers the desired temperature indicated by the user through its display 618; if the water that is circulating through said control system 612, is not yet at a temperature equal to or greater than that indicated, the control system closes the solenoid valve 614 and opens the solenoid valve 613 directing the water through the line 616 to a water storage tank 617, preventing the same from traveling and leaving through the shower 615, preventing it from being wasted; Once the temperature of the water circulating in the control system 612 is at a temperature equal to or greater than that indicated by the user, the solenoid valve 613 closes and the solenoid valve 614 opens, allowing the flow of water now it is directed towards the shower 615. At the same time that this happens, an opening signal 620 is sent to the solenoid valve 619 of the storage tank 617, allowing it to empty releasing the water contained towards the shower 615 and thus be ready to go back to its storage function.
By making the system com to fully store the water that was stagnant in the hot water pipes, and do not allow it to flow out of the 615 showerhead until it is at the desired temperature, it is avoided that it is spilled into the drains, achieving considerable savings in m3 of water consumption for toilet for each user.
FIG. 32B illustrates an enlarged view of the water storage tank 617 connected to the solenoid valves 613 and 614, it can be the same or two can be working independently, in addition to the display 618.
FIG. 33 illustrates an isometric view of the hydraulic system in conjunction with the temperature control system 612, only that in this case the water that travels through the pipes and/or hot water line 608 at the moment of opening it, is recirculated towards cistern 601 instead of being recirculated into a storage tank. Achieving with this to avoid wasting water by not being thrown down the drains while it is heating. The cistern 601 is illustrated, the pumping of the water through the pump 602 that travels through the line 603 towards the tank 604, the line 605 from the tank can be seen, which in turn is divided into two branches, these being: the line of cold water 609 that travels to the tap 610 and subsequently to the shower 615, and the hot water line 607 that enters the heater 606 and which is the one that is modified for the purposes of the present invention.
It is illustrated how the line 608 travels to the hot water tap 611 which in the same way is first directed to the temperature control system 612 before being sent to the shower 615. For this case if the control system 612 detects that the water It is not yet at the desired temperature and indicated by the user through its display 618, it operates by opening the electro valve 613 and closes the electro valve 614, allowing the water flow to be directed through the outlet line of the water system. control 616 returning to cistern 601; If the control system 612 detects that the temperature is equal to or greater than that indicated on the display 618, the system closes the solenoid valve 613 and opens the solenoid valve 614, allowing the water to now flow into the showerhead 615, thereby avoiding the waste of it while it is heated. Instead of directing the water stored in the pipes to cistern 601, the system has the option of directing the water through line 616 to other areas for other purposes such as toilet tanks.
FIG. 34A illustrates an isometric view of the hydraulic system in conjunction with the temperature control system 612 as in FIG. 32A, only for this case a water saving mechanism is added to the system that not only prevents it from being wasted when waiting for it to come out at the desired temperature, it also integrates a motion sensor with electro valve 621 that when it does not detect movement of a user, in a configured range; the sensor with solenoid valve 621 prevents the flow of water through the showerhead 615 from being wasted, this while the user soaps and shaves, or does some other activity. Also illustrated is a strainer 622 with an electro valve that, by means of a user indication through the display 618, the strainer 622, activates the solenoid valve it contains, directing the water to the storage tank 617, through the return line to the strainer 623, achieving with this that the user can remain enjoying the sensation of the water inside the shower simply for pleasure or for play, avoiding that a large percentage is wasted since it is being recirculated. As this function is given at the end of the toilet, the water is kept clean, however, an optional 624 filter can be installed if desired.
FIG. 34B illustrates an enlarged view of the storage tank 617, the hot tap heater line 608, which is connected to the general control system SC for temperature control 612, which contains a desired temperature indicator display 618, connected to the tank outlet solenoid valve 613 and a shower outlet solenoid valve 614. Also illustrated is the cold water faucet 610, hot water faucet 611, showerhead 615, control system outlet line to water tank 616, the shower outlet solenoid valve 619, the control system cable to the tank outlet solenoid valve 619, the motion sensor 621, the strainer with solenoid valve 622, the return line from the strainer to the tank and/or cistern 623 and the optional filter 624.
FIG. 35 illustrates another modality of a general diagram of the common hydraulic installation 700 of a house where water is commonly stored in a cistern 701 and is pumped to a tank 702 through the water fill line 703 of the cistern. to the tank, using a water pump 704. The water stored in tank 702 travels through outlet line 705 and is distributed to two branches if These include line 706 from the tank to the water heater 707 and line 708 from the tank to the cold water tap 709; In order to obtain water at the desired temperature, through the shower 710, the hot water tap 711 is commonly opened first, and later the cold water tap 709, regulating the flow of both until the combination gives us a temperature of the desired water; while the hot water reaches the showerhead 710 and to prevent it from being wasted, the control system 712 containing the showerhead 710 is schematized and is connected to the combined water line 713; Said control system 712 activates, by means of a wireless signal, a re-circulating pump 714. Lastly, the hot water line 716 and the check valve 715 that prevents the return of water to the tank 702 can be seen.
FIG. 36 illustrates an isometric view of the hydraulic system in conjunction with the control system 712 as in FIG. 35, only for this case an enlarged view of the cold water taps 709 and the hot water tap 711 together with a temperature sensor 717 inserted inside the combined water line 713. The temperature sensor 717 has the function of detecting the temperature of the water that passes through the pipes so that the system comes into action.
FIG. 37 illustrates an isometric of the hydraulic system in conjunction with the control system 712 as in FIG. 35, only for this case an enlarged view of the control system 712 that contains its own shower 710, the water taps is illustrated. cold 709 and hot 711, as well as heater 707 and recirculation pump 714.
When the user opens the hot water faucet 711, the water begins to circulate through the hot water line 716 and tries to exit through the shower 710 when circulating through the combined water line 713; As soon as the temperature sensor 717 detects that the water is still cold, the control system 712 closes a solenoid valve inside it, preventing the water from flowing out of the showerhead 710 and at the same time sends a wireless signal to the recirculation pump 714; This pump makes the water flow recirculating inside the hot and cold water lines, preventing it from going out through the showerhead 710 and being wasted when being flushed down the drain. Once the sensor 717 detects the hot water, it sends a signal to the control system 712 causing it to activate the solenoid valve inside it and allow the hot water to flow through the combined water line 713 and out through the showerhead 710; simultaneously the control system 712 sends a wireless signal to the recirculation pump 714 to stop pumping.
FIG. 38 illustrates an isometric of the hydraulic system in conjunction with the control system 712 as in FIG. 35, only for this case an enlarged view of the control system 712 as well as the heater 707 and the circulatory pump 714 is illustrated.
The control system 712 contains an electromechanical system with a liter counter with a 719 digital display that shows the number of liters that are circulated through the 710 shower to make the user aware of the number of liters used in each shower; Likewise, a 720 digital display is shown that shows the temperature at which the system was programmed to activate recirculation. Also illustrated are both the wireless signal system 721 of the control system 712 and the wireless signal system 722 of the recirculation pump 714 whose function is to send the pumping on and/or off signal.
Finally, the presence sensor 718 is illustrated whose function is to prevent the passage of water through the showerhead 710 when the user goes out of range by stepping aside to lather or perform some other activity.
FIG. 39 illustrates the block diagram of the electronics that make up the control system, this system is made up of two modules, which is the control module 730 and the recirculation module 739.
Considering the control module 730 is the one that is in charge of controlling the water circulation and that corresponds to 712 in FIG. 35, this module is made up of a microcontroller that is in charge of processing the information received from the temperature sensor 733 which is the sensor 17 of FIG. 36 and with which the value of the water temperature in the mixing pipe is received, which when detecting by means of the sensor 735 that a user has opened the taps 709 and 711 to bathe, then The microcontroller activates an electro valve that prevents the passage of water, immediately activating a WIFI module 738 by means of which an activation signal of the recirculation pump 714 of FIG. 35 is sent, as already described above, when the sensor The temperature sensor detects that the water in the mixing pipe is at the temperature determined by the user, then the microcontroller 731 sends the signal to the WIFI module 738 to stop the recirculation pump and in turn deactivates the solenoid valve of the shower so that the water flow leaves the shower in a normal way. Taking into account the data from the sensors, and when processing the information received in the microcontroller 731, it shows information regarding the water temperature through the control of the display 737, which is responsible for displaying said information on the display 720. of FIG. 38, while the amount of water consumption in liters is shown by means of the display control 736 which is in charge of showing the information on water consumption on the display 719 of FIG. 38.
Considering the recirculation module 739, it is made up of a WIFI module 740 which receives the signal from the WIFI module 738 when the pump needs to be turned on, so that the detection of said signal is sent to the microcontroller 741 where it is processed and the signal corresponding to a power interface 742 is generated with which the pump 743 corresponding to the pump 714 of FIG. 35 is turned on, when the water in the mixing pipe reaches the determined temperature, then the pump is deactivated to maintain the water flow as normal.
In one mode, the microcontroller 731 is in communication with a presence sensor 734 by means of which the presence of a user under the shower is monitored and that when it is removed from it the solenoid valve is activated with which the flow of water in the shower is blocked until the presence of the user under the shower is again detected.
FIG. 40 illustrates the steps that are carried out to control the water-saving recirculation system in showers, in such a way that in step 744 the microcontroller 731 detects the flow of water when a user opens the taps 709 and 711, this by means of the flow sensor 735, and to initiate the flow of water, then the microcontroller 731 by means of the temperature sensor 733 detects the temperature of the water in step 745 and compares it with the value determined by the user and if the temperature is not within the determined value, then the microcontroller activates a solenoid valve that is in the shower to prevent the flow of water from leaving the shower, immediately sending a signal in step 746 to activate the water recirculation system, which is performed by means of the recirculation pump 714, causing the water to flow inside the same pipe, as already described, for later in step 747 it is verified if the t The temperature is already within the determined value, which in the event that it is not within the determined value, then it returns to step 745 to continue detecting the water temperature and maintain the recirculation of the water within the same pipe, in the case that in 747 the value of the water temperature is determined that is equal to the determined value, then the recirculation pump is deactivated in step 748 and the shower solenoid valve is deactivated so that the flow of hot water flows through she.
Patent Application
20220170264
