Patent Application
20150013858
The application claims priority of the following Chinese patent applications:
The invention relates to explosives, in particular to a preparation method of explosives with different densities and explosives with different densities.
Generally, traditional explosives have a relatively narrow density range. However, due to different rock properties, different rocks need different detonation velocities of the explosives. Generally, the higher the hardness of the rocks is, the higher the required detonation velocity of the explosives is; and the lower the hardness of the rocks is, the lower the required detonation velocity of the rocks is. The detonation velocity of the explosives also has a linear relation with the density in a certain range. As the explosives prepared by the common explosive preparation method have the relatively narrow density range, the large-range regulation cannot be performed according to lithological changes to meet the requirements of different lithologies for different detonation velocities. To meet the requirements of the different lithologies for explosive energy, Slag interval charging or air-deck charging needs to be adopted, so that the perforation cost is wasted and the working time is wasted; and furthermore, detonation energy acted on the rocks is non-uniform, so that the blasting effect is affected. Therefore, a method capable of preparing explosives with a better blasting effect and a large density range is needed.
The invention aims at overcoming the shortcomings of the prior art as stated above and providing a preparation method of explosives with different densities. A variety of explosives within a relatively wide density range can be prepared through the method. The technical solution disclosed by the invention is as follows:
According to the preparation method of explosives with different densities of the invention, a granular physical density adjusting agent with the particle size of 0.5-5.0 mm and the bulk density of 0.03-0.30 g/cm3 is added in the preparation process of the explosives to adjust the density, and the explosives are emulsion explosives, heavy emulsion explosives, porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives or heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives.
Optionally, the physical density adjusting agent is a granular physical density adjusting agent with the p apr particle particlesize of 2-4 mm and the bulk density of 0.07-0.20 g/cm3.
Optionally, the physical density adjusting agent is a physical density adjusting agent with adsorbability on diesel or without adsorbability on diesel; and the physical density adjusting agent with adsorbability on diesel is expanded perlite particles and/or dried broken plant particles, and the physical density adjusting agent without adsorbability on diesel is thermoplastic polymer foam particles.
Optionally, the thermoplastic polymer foam particles are one or a mixture of more than two of foam particles of polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene.
Optionally, the explosives are the emulsion explosives, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Optionally, the emulsion explosives are the heavy emulsion explosives, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Optionally, the emulsion explosives are the heavy emulsion explosives, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Optionally, the porous granular ammonium nitrate in the mixture II or the mixture IV is 10%, 30% or 45%.
Optionally, the explosives are the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, the physical density adjusting agent is one or a mixture of more of physical density adjusting agents with adsorbability on diesel, and the preparation method of explosives with different densities comprises the following steps:
Optionally, the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, the physical density adjusting agent is the physical density adjusting agent without adsorbability on diesel, and the preparation method comprises the following step: uniformly mixing 93.5-95.5 parts by weight of porous granular ammonium nitrate, 4.5-6.5 parts by weight of diesel and the physical density adjusting agent, wherein the weight of the physical density adjusting agent accounts for 0.1-35% of the total weight of the porous granular ammonium nitrate and the diesel.
Optionally, the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Optionally, the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
Optionally, the ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
The invention further relates to explosives with different densities obtained through the above methods. When the content of the emulsion base in the emulsion explosives accounts for above 50% of the explosives, the emulsion explosives are the heavy emulsion explosives. The ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are divided into two major categories, one category is the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives and the other category is the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
The invention is described in detail in combination with the following specific embodiments, but the invention is not limited to the listed embodiments.
Explosives are prepared by taking 9.8 kg of an emulsion base, injecting 0.32 kg of a sensitizing solution, then adding 3.43 kg of polystyrene foam particles with the average particle size of 2 mm and the bulk density of 0.07 g/cm3 and uniformly mixing. The density is determined to be 0.30 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 1502 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Explosives are prepared by taking 10 kg of an emulsion base, injecting 0.1 kg of a sensitizing solution, uniformly mixing, adding 0.01 kg of expanded perlite particles with the average particle size of 5 mm and the bulk density of 0.3 g/cm3 and uniformly mixing. The density is determined to be 1.25 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 4993 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T 13228-1991.
Explosives are prepared by taking 10.2 kg of an emulsion base, injecting 0.3 kg of a sensitizing solution, adding 1 kg of rice husks with the average particle size of 3 mm and the bulk density of 0.1 g/cm3 and uniformly mixing. The density is determined to be 0.53 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 2702 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Embodiment 4
Explosives are prepared by the following steps: (1) taking 10 kg of an emulsion base, and injecting 0.1 kg of a sensitizing solution and uniformly mixing; then (2) taking 4.5 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate and 0.26 kg of diesel, and uniformly mixing; (3) uniformly mixing mixtures prepared by the step (1) and the step (2); and (4) adding 0.0145 kg of polypropylene foam particles with the average particle size of 2.5 mm and the bulk density of 0.08 g/cm3 into the mixture prepared in the step (3), and uniformly mixing. The density is determined to be 1.25 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 5003 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Explosives are prepared by the following steps: (1) taking 9.8 kg of an emulsion base, and injecting 0.32 kg of a sensitizing solution and uniformly mixing; (2) taking 1 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate and 0.058 kg of diesel, and uniformly mixing; (3) uniformly mixing mixtures prepared by the step (1) and the step (2); and (4) adding 3.78 kg of a mixture of polystyrene foam particles with the average particle size of 2 mm and the bulk density of 0.1 g/cm3 and expanded perlite particles (wherein the mixture contains 1 kg of polystyrene foam particles and 2.78 kg of expanded perlite particles) into the mixture prepared in the step (3), and uniformly mixing. The density is determined to be 0.3 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 1508 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Explosives are prepared by the following steps: (1) taking 10.2 kg of an emulsion base, and injecting 0.3 kg of a sensitizing solution and uniformly mixing; (2) taking 3 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate and 0.174 kg of diesel, and uniformly mixing; (3) uniformly mixing mixtures prepared by the step (1) and the step (2); and (4) adding 2 kg of expanded perlite particles with the particle size of 5.0 mm and the bulk density of 0.3 g/cm3 into the mixture prepared in the step (3), and uniformly mixing. The density is determined to be 0.73 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 3402 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Explosives are prepared by taking 10 kg of an emulsion base with negative oxygen balance, injecting 0.1 kg of a sensitizing solution and uniformly mixing; then adding 4.5 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate, uniformly mixing, finally adding 5 kg of polyethylene foam particles with the average particle size of 4.5 mm and the bulk density of 0.25 g/cm3, uniformly mixing and sensitizing. The density is determined to be 0.52g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 2613 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Explosives are prepared by taking 9.8 kg of an emulsion base with negative oxygen balance, injecting 0.20 kg of a sensitizing solution and uniformly mixing; then adding 1 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate, and uniformly mixing; finally adding 1.5 kg of a mixture of polypropylene, polystyrene and polyethylene foam particles with the average particle size of 4 mm and the bulk density of 0.20 g/cm3 (wherein the mixture contains 0.5 kg of polypropylene, 0.5 kg of polystyrene and 0.5 kg of polyethylene), uniformly mixing and sensitizing. The density is determined to be 0.68 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 2946 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Explosives are prepared by taking 10.2 kg of an emulsion base with negative oxygen balance, injecting 0.32 kg of a sensitizing solution and uniformly mixing; then adding 3 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate, and uniformly mixing; and finally adding 0.01 kg of expanded perlite particles with the average particle size of 0.5 mm and the bulk density of 0.03 g/cm3, uniformly mixing and sensitizing. The density is determined to be 1.20 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 4308 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
The emulsion base with the negative oxygen balance in embodiments 4-6 is prepared by adopting the following method: uniformly mixing 85 kg of ammonium nitrate, 0.122 kg of thiourea and 14.1 kg of water at the temperature of 80° C., and regulating the pH value to 3.5 by using sodium hydroxide and acetic acid, wherein the crystallization point is 70° C., and the turbidity of a solution is 0.8 NTU, as measured; adding a diatomite adsorbent into the solution, and performing suction filtration by a coarse filter and a fine filter for 30 min in total to obtain a pure oxidizer salt water solution for later use; melting and uniformly mixing 1.8 kg of LZ2820 polyisobutylene succinic anhydride emulsifier and 5 kg of paraffin oil at the temperature of 70° C. to prepare an oil phase for later use; and emulsifying the obtained oxidizer salt water solution and the oil phase in an emulsifier at the temperature of 80° C. to form a water-in-oil type emulsion explosive base. The viscosity is determined to be 15 BU.
The emulsion base in embodiments 1-3 and 7-9 is prepared by adopting the following method: uniformly mixing 79.9 kg of ammonium nitrate, 0.122 kg of thiourea and 14.1 kg of water at the temperature of 80° C., and regulating the pH value to 3.5 by using sodium hydroxide and acetic acid, wherein the crystallization point is determined to be 70° C., and the turbidity of a solution is 0.8 NTU; adding a diatomite adsorbent into the solution, and performing suction filtration by a coarse filter and a fine filter for 30 min in total to obtain a pure oxidizer salt water solution for later use;
melting and uniformly mixing 1.8 kg of LZ2820 polyisobutylene succinic anhydride emulsifier and 6.22 kg of paraffin oil at the temperature of 70° C. to prepare an oil phase for later use; and emulsifying the obtained oxidizer salt water solution and the oil phase in an emulsifier at the temperature of 80° C. to form a water-in-oil type emulsion explosive base. The viscosity is determined to be 15 BU.
The sensitizing solution in embodiments 4-9 is prepared by adopting the following method: preparing the sensitizing solution by 0.09 kg of sodium nitrite, 0.09 kg of sodium bicarbonate and 2.62 kg of water.
The invention further relates to the emulsion explosives with the different densities and the heavy emulsion explosives with the different densities, prepared by the methods described in the above embodiments.
Porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are prepared by taking 9.35 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate and 0.65 kg of diesel, uniformly mixing, then adding 0.01 kg of expanded perlite particles with the particle size of 0.5 mm and the bulk density of 0.03 g/cm3 into a mixture of the porous granular ammonium nitrate and the diesel, and uniformly mixing. The density is determined to be 0.9 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity of the explosives in the embodiment is tested to be 3302 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are prepared by taking 9.55 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate, 0.45 kg of diesel and 3.5 kg of polystyrene foam particles with the particle size of 2.3 mm and the bulk density of 0.12 g/cm3. The density is determined to be 0.30 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity of the explosives in the embodiment is tested to be 1633 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives are prepared by taking 9.45 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate and 0.55 kg of diesel, uniformly mixing, then adding 1.5 kg of rice husks with the particle size of 5 mm and the bulk density of 0.3 g/cm3 into a mixture of the porous granular ammonium nitrate and the diesel, and uniformly mixing. The density is determined to be 0.71 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity of the explosives in the embodiment is tested to be 3306 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives of the embodiment are prepared by the following steps: (al) taking 9.55 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate, 0.45 kg of diesel and 0.0109 kg of polyethylene foam particles with the particle size of 5 mm and the bulk density of 0.3/cm3 and uniformly mixing; (b1) uniformly mixing 4.8 kg of emulsion base and 0.15 kg of sensitizing solution; and (c1) uniformly mixing mixtures obtained in the step (a1) and the step (b1), then loading into a blast hole and sensitizing at the temperature of 0° C. for 20 min. The density is determined to be 1.25 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 4489 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives of the embodiment are prepared by the following steps: (a3) taking 9.45 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate, 0.55 kg of diesel and 1.95 kg of polypropylene foam particles with the particle size of 3 mm and the bulk density of 0.12/ cm3 and uniformly mixing; (b3) uniformly mixing 3 kg of emulsion base and 0.084 kg of sensitizing solution; and (c3) uniformly mixing mixtures obtained in the step (a3) and the step (b3).
The density is determined to be 0.5 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 2608 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives of the embodiment are prepared by the following steps: (a4) taking 9.45 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate and 0.55 kg of diesel and uniformly mixing; (b4) uniformly mixing 4.8 kg of emulsion base and 0.048 kg of sensitizing solution; and (c4) uniformly mixing mixtures prepared in the step (a4) and the step (b4) and 5.25 kg of expanded perlite particles with the particle size of 2.5 mm and the bulk density of 0.10 g/cm3.
The density is determined to be 0.3 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 1633 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
Heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives of the embodiment are prepared by the following steps: (a5) taking 9.35 kg of porous granular ammonium nitrate and 4 kg of emulsion base with negative oxygen balance, and uniformly mixing; (b5) adding 0.075 kg of sensitizing solution and 4.67 kg of foam particles of a polypropylene-polystyrene-polyethylene mixture (the mixture contains 1.5 kg of polypropylene, 1.67 kg of polystyrene and 1.5 kg of polyethylene) with the particle size of 3 mm and the bulk density of 0.12/cm3 into a mixture obtained in the step (a5) and uniformly mixing.
The density is determined to be 0.35 g/cm3, and the detonation velocity is tested to be 1805 m/s according to a method for measuring a detonation velocity of an industrial explosive of GB/T13228-1991.
The emulsion base with the negative oxygen balance in the embodiment is prepared by adopting the following method: uniformly mixing 79.9 kg of ammonium nitrate, 0.122 kg of thiourea and 14.1 kg of water at the temperature of 80° C., and regulating the pH value to 3.5 by using sodium hydroxide and acetic acid, wherein the crystallization point is determined to be 70° C., and the turbidity of a solution is 0.8 NTU; adding a diatomite adsorbent into the solution, and performing suction filtration by a coarse filter and a fine filter for 30 min in total to obtain a pure oxidizer salt water solution for later use; melting and uniformly mixing 1.8 kg of LZ2820 polyisobutylene succinic anhydride emulsifier and 6.22 kg of paraffin oil at the temperature of 70° C. to prepare an oil phase for later use; and emulsifying the obtained oxidizer salt water solution and the oil phase in an emulsifier at the temperature of 80° C. to form a water-in-oil type emulsion explosive base. The viscosity is determined to be 15 BU.
The negative oxygen balance in the embodiment means that oxygen contained in the emulsion base is insufficient to completely oxidize combustible elements.
The emulsion base in embodiments 13-15 is prepared by adopting the following method: uniformly mixing 85 kg of ammonium nitrate, 0.122 kg of thiourea and 14.1 kg of water at the temperature of 80° C., and regulating the pH value to 3.5 by using sodium hydroxide and acetic acid, wherein the crystallization point is determined to be 70° C., and the turbidity of a solution is 0.79 NTU; adding a diatomite adsorbent into the solution, and performing suction filtration by a coarse filter and a fine filter for 30 min in total to become a pure oxidizer salt water solution for later use; melting and uniformly mixing 1.8 kg of LZ2820 polyisobutylene succinic anhydride emulsifier and 5 kg of paraffin oil at the temperature of 70° C. to prepare an oil phase for later use; and emulsifying the obtained oxidizer salt water solution and the oil phase in an emulsifier at the temperature of 80° C. to form a water-in-oil type emulsion explosive base. The viscosity is determined to be 16 BU. The sensitizing solution in embodiments 4-7 is prepared by adopting the following method: preparing 0.09 kg of sodium nitrite, 0.09 kg of sodium bicarbonate and 2.62 kg of water into the sensitizing solution.
The invention further relates to the porous granular ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives and the heavy ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosives with the different densities, prepared by the above embodiments.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 201210002098.5 | Jan 2012 | CN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2012/082766 | 10/11/2012 | WO | 00 |
