Claims
- 1. Method for immobilizing an enzyme in a polymer matrix, comprising the steps of:
- a) mixing at least one enzyme with a non-crosslinked prepolymer and an aqueous solvent to form a mixture, said prepolymer consisting of:
- a main chain essentially nonpolar and selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyacrylates, and polymethacrylates,
- polar hydrophilic groups attached to said main chain and selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, amino, ammonium, hydroxyl, and alkoxyl groups, and
- cross-linking groups selected from the group consisting of .beta.-diketo- groups, secondary amino groups, protected isocyanate groups, epoxy groups, and ester groups,
- b) exposing said mixture of step a) to cross-linking temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 40.degree. C. so that said prepolymer reacts via said cross-linking groups without additional catalysts or cross-linking agents, and
- c) evaporating said aqueous solvent to form a three-dimensional cross-linked hydrophobic polymer matrix having said enzyme embedded therein.
- 2. Method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme is an oxidoreductase.
- 3. Method according to claim 2, wherein said enzyme is selected from the group consisting of glucose oxidase, lactate oxidase, and ascorbate oxidase.
- 4. Method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme is a hydrolase.
- 5. Method according to claim 4, wherein said enzyme is selected from the group consisting of urease, creatinase, and creatininase.
- 6. Method according to claim 1, wherein said main chain comprises polar sequences selected from the group consisting of polyoxyalkylenes, hydroxy alkylacrylates and hydroxy methacrylates.
- 7. Method according to claim 1, wherein peripheral regions of said enzyme having no influence on the function of said enzyme participate in the reaction of step b).
- 8. Method according to claim 1, wherein said enzyme has a molecular diameter which exceeds a mesh width of said three-dimensional cross-linked polymer matrix at least by a factor of 3 so that said enzyme is retained in said polymer matrix and thus is prevented from migrating.
- 9. Immobilization product consisting of a polymer matrix having immobilized at least one enzyme and made by the method according to claim 1.
- 10. A bioseneor comprising a supporting layer and a layer of an immobilization product according to claim 9, on a surface of said supporting layer, said surface including at least one group having a cross-linking capacity which matches with the cross-linking capacity of said prepolymer of said immobilization product in order to improve adhesion between said immobilization product and said supporting layer.
- 11. A biosensor according to claim 10, comprising a plurality of immobilization products on said supporting layer which each have the same matrix material but different enzymes.
- 12. A biosensor according to claim 11, wherein each of said immobilization products contain a multi-enzyme system.
- 13. Biosensor according to claim 10, wherein said layer of immobilization product contains catalytic particles.
- 14. Biosensor according to claim 13, wherein said catalytic particles are precious metal colloids or precious metal pigments.
- 15. Biosensor according to claim 13, wherein said catalytic particles are manganese oxide particles.
- 16. Biosensor according to claim 10, wherein said layer of immobilization product contains charge-conducting particles.
- 17. Biosensor according to claim 16, wherein said charge-conducting particles are selected from the group consisting of graphite, glassy carbon, and activated charcoal.
- 18. Method for immobilizing an enzyme in a polymer matrix, comprising the steps of:
- a) mixing at leapt one enzyme with a non-crosslinked prepolymer and an aqueous solvent to form a mixture, said prepolymer consisting of:
- a main chain essentially nonpolar and selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyamides, epoxy resins, polyacrylates, and polymethacrylates,
- polar hydrophilic groups attached to said main chain and selected from the group consisting of carboxylate, amino, ammonium, hydroxyl, and alkoxyl groups, and
- cross-linking groups selected from the group consisting of .beta.-diketo-groups, secondary amino groups, protected isocyanate groups, epoxy groups, and ester groups,
- b) exposing said mixture of step a) to cross-linking temperatures ranging from room temperature up to 40.degree. C. so that said propolymer reacts via said cross-linking groups as well as with amino groups of said enzyme without additional catalysts or cross-linking agents, and
- c) evaporating said aqueous solvent to form a three-dimensional cross-linked hydrophobic polymer matrix having said enzyme embedded therein.
- 19. Method for immobilizing an enzyme in a polymer matrix, comprising the steps of:
- a) mixing at least one enzyme with a non-crosslinked prepolymer and an aqueous solvent to form a mixture, said prepolymer being an oil alkyd resin consisting of:
- an essentially nonpolar main chain consisting polyesters,
- polar hydrophilic groups attached to said main chain, selected from the group consisting of carboxylate and alkoxyl groups, and
- cross-linking groups selected from mono-unsaturated to polyunsaturated fatty acid esters,
- b) exposing said mixture of step a) to atmospheric oxygen, where said oil alkyd resin is cross-linked by reaction with atmospheric oxygen by autoxidation, and
- c) evaporating said aqueous solvent to form a three-dimensional cross-linking hydrophobic polymer matrix having said enzyme embedded therein.
- 20. Method according to claim 19, wherein said mixture in step b) is subjected to a temperature between 0 and 5.degree. C. and an oxygen partial pressure of more than 250 millibar.
Priority Claims (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
Kind |
1893/94 |
Oct 1994 |
ATX |
|
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/534,935 filed Sep. 28, 1995 now abandoned.
US Referenced Citations (2)
Number |
Name |
Date |
Kind |
RE29555 |
Canning |
Feb 1978 |
|
3883612 |
Pratt et al. |
May 1975 |
|
Foreign Referenced Citations (1)
Number |
Date |
Country |
WO8907139 |
Aug 1989 |
WOX |
Continuations (1)
|
Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
534935 |
Sep 1995 |
|