Solomons, "Organic Chemistry" (John Wiley & Sons, N.Y.) 1980, p. 625. |
Ternay, "Contemporary Organic Chemistry" (Saunders, Phila, Pa.) 1976, pp. 488 and XVIII. |
Nickel-Phosphine Complex-Catalyzed Grignard Coupling, I. Cross-Coupling of Alkyl, Aryl and Alkenyl Grignard Reagents with Aryl and Alkenyl Halides: General Scope and Limitations (1976), Tamao et al., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 49(7): 1958-1969. |
Gilman and Lichtenwalter, "Relative Reactivities of Organometallic Compounds, XXV, Coupling Reaction with Halides of Group VIII Metals", in Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 61, pp. 957-959 (1939). |
Semmelhack et al., "Synthesis with Zerovalent Nickel, Coupling of Aryl Halides with Bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0)", in Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 93, pp. 5908-5910 (1971). |
Kende et al., "In Situ Generation of a Solvated Zerovalent Nickel Reagent Biaryl Formation", in Tetrahedron Letters, No. 39, pp. 3375-3378 (1975). |
Yamamura et al., "The Reaction of .sigma.-Vinylpalladium Complexes with Alkyllithiums. Stereospecific Syntheses of Olefins from Vinyl Halides and Alkyllithiums", in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 91, pp. C39-C42 (1975). |
Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, Trotman-Dickenson (Executive Editor), at pp. 1131-1133 (Pergamon Press Ltd., 1973). |
Zembayaski et al., "Nickel-Phosphine Complex-Catalyzed Homo Coupling of Aryl Halides in the Presence of Zinc Powder", in Tetrahedron Letters, No. 47, pp. 4089-4092, 1977. |
Tsou and Kochi, "Mechanism of Biaryl Synthesis with Nickel Complexes", in Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 101, pp. 7547-7560 (1979). |
Takagi et al., "The in Situ-Generated Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Reaction of Aryl Halides with Potassium Iodide and Zinc Powder", in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, vol. 53, pp. 3691-3695 (1980). |
Chao et al., "New Method for the Preparation of Activated Nickel and Cobalt Powders and Their Application in Biaryl Synthesis", in Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 48, pp. 4904-4907 (1983). |
Vanderesse et al., "Activation of Reducing Agents. Sodium Hydride Containing Complex Reducing Agents. XIX. Homo Coupling of Aryl and Vinyl Halides Promoted by Ligand Modified NiCRa (NaH-RONa-Ni(OAc).sub.2)", in Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 264, pp. 263-271 (1984). |
Tiecco et al., "A Convenient Synthesis of Bipyridines by Nickel-Phosphine Complex-Mediated Homo Coupling of Halopyridines", in Synthesis, 1984, at pp. 736-738. |
Colon and Kelsey, "Coupling of Aryl Chlorides by Nickel and Reducing Metals", in Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 51, pp. 2627-2637. |
Yamamoto et al., "A Novel Type of Polycondensation Utilizing Transition Metal-Catalyzed C-C Coupling. I. Preparation of Thermostable Polyphenylene Type Polymers", in Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, vol. 51(7), pp. 2091-2097 (1978). |