This disclosure generally relates to presenting multimedia objects, such as images or videos, in a user interface.
A user interface (UI), in the industrial design field of human-machine interaction, is the space where interactions between humans and machines occur. The goal of interactions between a human, often referred to as a “user”, and a machine at the user interface is user's control of the machine and its operations (e.g., through user input) and machine feedback (e.g., through program output). A graphical user interface (GUI) is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with software applications executing on electronic or computing devices through multimedia objects (e.g., images, videos, audios, etc.) rather than purely text commands.
In particular embodiments, a user interface (UI), and more specifically, a graphical user interface (GUI) may include any number of UI components or elements arranged in a hierarchy. The components of a user interface may be presented to users according to the hierarchical structure. In particular embodiments, some of these UI components may correspond to or represent multimedia objects, such as images, videos, or audios. Sometimes, these multimedia UI components may be presented to users individually on their own. Other times, they may be presented to users while contained in other UI components, such as being included in a window, a panel, or a web page. In particular embodiments, there may be multiple presentations modes for presenting images or videos in a user interface.
In particular embodiments, a user may interact with a multimedia UI component using a suitable input device (e.g., a finger or stylus on a touch-sensitive screen or a mouse). For example, the user may play or pause a video, or zoom or pan or rotate an image. In particular embodiments, depending on how or where a multimedia UI component is presented to a user (e.g., which presentation mode it is in), the user's interaction with the multimedia UI component may result in different behaviors from the multimedia UI component.
In particular embodiments, objects may be organized into a hierarchy. For example, objects may be organized into a hierarchy based on how the individual objects are related to each other. The object hierarchy may have any number of levels, and at each level, there may be any number of objects. Parent-child or sibling relationships may exist between specific objects in the hierarchy. Within the hierarchy, a parent object is one level above the level of its child objects. Two sibling objects are at the same level and share the same parent object. In addition, any portion of the hierarchy may also be considered a hierarchy in itself.
Objects may be of any applicable types. In particular embodiments, an object may be a component of a user interface. In this case, the object hierarchy may be a UI hierarchy (e.g., a hierarchy of UI components). In other words, components of a user interface may be organized into a hierarchy. The UI hierarchy may have any number of layers corresponding to the levels of the object hierarchy, and at each layer, there may be any number of UI components. The position of a specific UI component within the hierarchy may indicate its relationships with other UI components in the hierarchy. The UI components may be presented to users according to the hierarchical structure (e.g., in layers). In particular embodiments, some of these UI components may be multimedia objects, such as images, videos, or audios.
In particular embodiments, an object may correspond to a piece of user-consumable content. In particular embodiments, an object may be consumed by a user if the user may, for example and without limitation, interact with, view, read, listen to, manipulate, or handle the object. For example, some user-consumable objects may be texts, images, videos, audios, feeds, executables (e.g., application programs or games), websites, web pages, digital books, photo albums, posts, or messages. In particular embodiments, user-consumable content, or more specifically, user-consumable objects, may be organized into a hierarchy based on, for example, the relationships among the individual pieces of user-consumable content. Consequently, a hierarchy of user-consumable content may be represented as a hierarchy of objects, where individual objects in the hierarchy may correspond to specific pieces of user-consumable content (e.g., texts, images, videos, audios, executables, etc.). In addition, the structure of the hierarchy indicates the relationships among the specific pieces of user-consumable content.
In particular embodiments, the relationships among the objects in a hierarchy may correspond to how the objects are organized and presented to users. In particular embodiments, when presenting a hierarchy of objects to a user of a device, the objects may be organized and presented according to the structure of the object hierarchy. More specifically, the objects may be presented in a user interface provided on the device according to the structure of the object hierarchy so that the user interface itself becomes hierarchical as well. Consequently, the user interface may include a number of layers, respectively corresponding to the levels in the object hierarchy. The positions of the objects within the hierarchy are preserved in the user interface, such that a specific object at a specific position in the hierarchy is presented in the corresponding position in the user interface. The relationships among the objects within the hierarchy are maintained in the user interface. In other words, there may be an one-to-one correspondence between an object in the object hierarchy and a UI component in the user interface, such that each object is represented by a UI component.
As an example, in the context of the desktop of a computing device, the desktop may be a parent object, and sometimes the root object of a hierarchy, whose child objects are the individual software applications available on the desktop. A software application, while itself being one of the child objects of the desktop, is also the parent object of the individual components of that software application. Different software applications may include different components. For example, for a software application that manages digital books (e.g., a book reader application), its components may include the digital books available, the individual chapters of each book, the pages of each chapter, and the texts, images, videos, audios, or any graphical user interface (GUI) or content or media elements on each page. Each of these also corresponds to an object in the hierarchy. More specifically, when these objects are organized in a hierarchy, the book application may be the parent object of the digital books. A digital book may be the parent object of the individual chapters of that book. A chapter, while itself being one of the child objects of the book, is also the parent object of the pages in that chapter. A page is the parent object of the texts, images, videos, audios, or any GUI or content or media elements on that page. A text block, image, video, audio, or GUI or content or media element is one of the child objects of the page to which it belongs. Similarly, for a software application that manages news feeds, its components may include the individual news channels and the news stories within each channel. Each of these may correspond to an object. When these objects are arranged in a hierarchy, the news-feed application, while itself being one of the child objects of the desktop, is also the parent object of the news channels. A news channel in turn is the parent object of the news stories included in that channel. Some of these objects may respectively correspond to UI components of a user interface presented on the computing device.
As another example, in the context of the Internet or the World Wide Web, the Internet may be a parent object whose child objects are the individual websites. A website, while itself being one of the child objects of the Internet, is also the parent object of the individual web pages of that website. A web page, while itself being one of the child objects of the website to which it belongs, is the parent object of the texts, images, videos, audios, or links (e.g., Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)) included in the web page. Each text block, image, video, audio, or link may also correspond to a specific object in the hierarchy. Some of these objects may respectively correspond to UI components of a web-based user interface that may be presented to a user through a web browser.
As a third example, a website, such as a social-networking website, may also be arranged in such a hierarchical structure for navigating the content of the social-networking website. In this context, the social-networking website may be a parent object whose child objects are the components (e.g., photo albums, user profile pages, etc.) of the website. For example, a photo album, while itself being a child object of the social-networking website, may in turn be a parent object, and the individual photos within the album may be the child objects of the photo album. A user's profile page may be structured in such a hierarchical fashion as well. The profile page itself may be considered a parent object, and the individual objects on the profile page may be the child objects of the profile page. In particular embodiments, a profile page may be considered and rendered (e.g., for presentation to a user) as a linear timeline of objects, such as, for example and without limitation, photos, photo albums, check-ins, comments from other users, attended events, tags, etc. In particular embodiments, child objects in the hierarchy may also include applications the user has added to the profile page, such as a Spotify music sharing application. Moreover, individual stories, songs the user has listened to, and playlists may be child objects at a lower hierarchical level. In particular embodiments, child objects in the hierarchy may include particular sections of a user's profile, such as the user's education and employment information, or the public “wall” of the user's profile page. This disclosure contemplates representing and addressing any collection of content in a hierarchical object or nodal structure. Again, these objects may respectively correspond to UI components of a web-based user interface that may be presented to a user through a web browser.
As these examples illustrate, an object may be of any type and this disclosure contemplates any applicable types of objects. For example and without limitation, the term “object” may refer to any type of content, including but not limited to images, videos, captions, text blocks or boxes, user interface elements, URLs, newsfeed stories, references to other objects, advertisements, calendar events, units for displaying open graph analysis that may be graphically rendered, applications, websites, web pages, books, chapters. In particular embodiments, given a hierarchy of objects, which may be a portion of another, larger hierarchy of objects, the hierarchical relationships (e.g., parent-child or sibling relationships, positions of the objects within the hierarchy) between specific objects may direct some aspects of how these objects behave in the context of a user interface or how the objects are presented to a user.
In particular embodiments, an object in a hierarchy may be a video, which may be presented to a user for viewing. Consequently, there may be a video component in a user interface corresponding to the video object. In particular embodiments, there may be several modes for presenting a video object in a user interface, and this disclosure contemplates any applicable presentation modes for presenting video objects. The video object may be presented to a user in any one of these available modes. There may be different video components in the user interface for presenting the video object in different modes.
In particular embodiments, a video object may be presented in a user interface in an index mode (also referred to as table-of-content (TOC) mode), as illustrated in
In particular embodiments, a video object may be presented in a user interface in an on-page mode, as illustrated in
In particular embodiments, a video object may be presented in a user interface in a full-screen mode, as illustrated in
A user may interact with a video object presented in any of the available modes, and in particular embodiments, depending on which mode the video object is in, the user's interaction with the video object may result in different behavioral responses. In some cases, the user's interaction with the video object in one presentation mode may cause the video object to automatically transition to another presentation mode.
In particular embodiments, while in each of the presentation modes (e.g., index mode, on-page mode, full-screen mode), there may be playback control icons or buttons associated with a video object (e.g., icon 217 in
In particular embodiments, while a video object is presented in the index mode, such as video 215 in
In particular embodiments, while a video object transitions from one presentation mode to another presentation mode, the playback status of the video is unaffected. That is, if the video is being played while the mode transition occurs, the video continues to play, until either the user stops the playback or the video ends. On the other hand, if the video is paused while the mode transition occurs, the video continues to pause. The user may pause or resume playback of the video using, for example, the appropriate control icon.
In particular embodiments, there is a consistency between different presentation modes. When an object (e.g., image, video) is presented in a user interface and the object is being manipulated by a user (e.g., picked up, rotated, zoomed in or out, etc.), the object itself, not the UI component representing the object, is manipulated. This ensures the self-consistency of the user interface. For example, while a video is being played, the user may manipulate the video object (e.g., pinched down to the index mode or pinched up to the full-screen mode). While the video object is being manipulated by the user, the playback of the video continues uninterrupted.
In particular embodiments, while in the index mode (e.g., video 215 in
In particular embodiments, when a video object transitions from one presentation mode to another presentation mode, the display size for the visual portion of the video may change accordingly. For example, when transitioning from the index mode to the on-page mode, the size of the video images (i.e., the visual portion of the video) may increase appropriately. Similarly, when transitioning from the on-page mode to the full-screen mode, the size of the video images may increase to occupy the entire display area of the screen. Conversely, when transitioning from the full-screen mode to the on-page mode or from the on-page mode to the index mode, the size of the video images may decrease appropriately. In other words, there may be a suitable size for presenting the visual portion of a video object in each specific mode, and while the video object is presented in a specific mode, its visual portion is presented in the corresponding size for that mode.
In particular embodiments, when a video object transitions from one presentation mode to another presentation mode, the volume level for the audio portion of the video may change accordingly. In other words, there may be a suitable volume level for presenting the audio portion of a video object in each specific mode, and while the video object is presented in a specific mode, its audio is presented in the corresponding volume level for that mode. For example, while in the index mode, the audio of the video object may be presented in a lower volume level so that it does not create much disturbance. While in the on-page mode, the audio of the video object may be presented in a volume level that is somewhat higher (e.g., louder) than that of the index mode. While in the full-screen mode, the audio of the video object may be presented in a volume level that is somewhat higher (e.g., louder) than that of the on-page mode (e.g., a higher volume level). While in each presentation mode, the user may manually adjust (e.g., increase or decrease) the volume level of the audio of the video object to override the default volume level for that mode as desired.
In particular embodiments, while in the index mode (e.g., video 215 in
In particular embodiments, while in the on-page mode (e.g., video 225 in
In particular embodiments, while in the on-page mode (e.g., video 225 in
In particular embodiments, while in the full-screen mode, the playback control icon (e.g., icon 237 in
In particular embodiments, while in each of the presentation mode, if the user indicates that he or she no longer wishes to watch a video by, for example, swiping to the next page or chapter, closing the video object, or otherwise navigating away from the video object, the audio portion of the video object may fade out, instead of, for example, stopping abruptly.
In particular embodiments, an object in a hierarchy may be an image, which may be presented to a user for viewing. Consequently, there may be an image component in a user interface corresponding to the image object. In particular embodiments, there may be several modes for presenting an image object in a user interface, and this disclosure contemplates any applicable presentation modes for presenting image objects. The image object may be presented to a user in any one of these available modes. There may be different image components in the user interface for presenting the image object in different modes.
In particular embodiments, an image object may be presented in a user interface in an index mode (also referred to as table-of-content (TOC) mode), as illustrated in
In particular embodiments, an image object may be presented in a user interface in an on-page mode, as illustrated in
In particular embodiments, an image object may be presented in a user interface in a full-screen mode, as illustrated in
In particular embodiments, while an image object is presented in the index mode, such as image 315 in
In particular embodiments, an image object may have multiple cropped versions in addition to the original, full-size image. The cropped versions may be presented in different modes when appropriate. For example, when an image object is presented in the index mode or the on-page mode, sometimes, the area for displaying the image may be relatively small in comparison to the size of the image. To fit the image in the display area, the image may be re-sized down (e.g., to a smaller size) or a cropped version of the image may be displayed. For example, as illustrated in
In particular embodiments, while an image object is presented in each of the presentation modes (e.g., index mode, on-page mode, full-screen mode), text may be overlaid on top of the image (e.g., text 319 in
In particular embodiments, while in the on-page mode (e.g., image 325 in
In particular embodiments, while an image object is presented in the full-screen mode, a geo-tag may be associated with or attached to the image object. The geo-tag may represent a geographical location. For example, as illustrated in
In particular embodiments, while an image object is presented in the on-page mode where the image is included in another UI component (e.g., a web page, a page of a digital book), sometimes, the display area for the image is smaller than the size of the image. To fit the image in the available display area, in particular embodiments, a portion or a cropped version of the original image may be displayed. There may be different ways to crop an image, depending on, for example, the dimension or size of the image, the position of the image in the other UI component containing the image, or the size of the display area for the image.
As an example, when an image is presented in the left or right half of a page, the image may be folded in half vertically.
As illustrated in
In particular embodiments, when an image floats on top of a page, such as in the case of image 611 floating on top of page 610 as illustrated in
In particular embodiments, once the user has pinched up an image, the user may drag the image to various positions on the screen or rotate the image by moving the fingers pinching the image appropriately.
In particular embodiments, to simulate the effect of a two-dimensional object (e.g., image) in a three-dimensional virtual space, shadow may be placed around the object. In particular embodiments, a light source may be simulated to cause the effect of shadowing around a floating object (e.g., a floating image). The simulated light source may be placed at any position on or off the screen. In the case illustrated in
For example, in
Similar shadowing effect may be applied to a floating image when the image is pinched up and moved toward the top or bottom of the screen. For example, in
When a floating object (e.g., a floating image) is pinched up, it may be moved to different positions on the screen, as illustrated in
In particular embodiments, the shadow of an object (e.g., an image) may be implemented as a separate layer. For example, in
In particular embodiments, when a user pinches or picks up an image with two fingers (e.g., through a touch-sensitive screen), as long as the user's fingers are in contact with the image (e.g., by staying in contact with the touch-sensitive screen), the image may move according to the movements of the user's fingers. In other words, there may be an one-to-one corresponding interaction between the movements of the user's fingers and the movements of the image. As an example, when a folded image is picked up (e.g., pinched up with two fingers), if the user's fingers move apart, the image may unfold more so that the two edges pinched by the user's fingers move further apart or the image may increase in size. If the user's fingers move closer, the image may fold more so that the two edges pinched by the user's fingers move closer or the image may decrease in size. As another example, when an un-folded image is picked up (e.g., pinched up with two fingers), its size may change with the movements of the two fingers. By moving the two fingers further apart, the image may be enlarged. Conversely, by moving the two fingers closer together, the size of the image may be decreased. As a third example, if the user's fingers move to different positions on the screen, the image may follow and move with the user's fingers to different positions on the screen and may rotate appropriately to simulate the effect of viewing the image in a three-dimensional virtual space (e.g., to compensate for perspective). The shadow around the image may move with the image (e.g., as the image fold or unfold, increase or decrease in size, rotate, pan, etc.).
In particular embodiments, the animation of the image's movements may give the perception that the user is holding the image at the same two points on the image where the user's fingers are in contact with the image throughout the movements. The locations of the user's fingers may be projected into the three-dimensional virtual space.
In particular embodiments, when an image is picked up, the animation of its movements following the user's fingers may be based on spring motions. For example, how much should the image fold or unfold, how much should the image rotate, or how much should the image bounce against the edge of the screen, as the user's fingers move may be determined based on spring motions. In particular embodiments, an image's movements may be simulated by, supposedly, attaching the image to an imaginary spring. When the user's fingers pick up the image, the supposed force the user's fingers exert on the image may cause the image to have supposed mass. When an object with mass (e.g., an image with supposed mass) is attached to a spring, its movements may follow specific physical properties. In addition to the mass, the spring may have properties such as, for example and without limitation, tension, stretch, and dampening. By selecting various values for these properties, different movements of the image may be simulated.
In particular embodiments, to simulate the effect of picking up an object (e.g., image, video) in the three-dimensional virtual space, when a first object is picked up, a second object beneath the first object may be moved backward in the virtual three-dimensional space. For example, when image 711 is pinched up, page 710, together with the text on it, may be moved backward to create the visual effect of a greater distance between image 711 and page 710, which in turn simulates the effect of image 711 being picked up from page 710. The shadow casted by image 711 on page 710 may increase in size accordingly.
The simulation of the effect of picking up a two-dimensional object in a virtual three-dimensional space is further illustrated in
In particular embodiments, an image or video object presented in a user interface may be manipulated by a user.
Particular embodiments may be implemented on one or more electronic devices or computer systems.
This disclosure contemplates any suitable number of computer systems 1000. This disclosure contemplates computer system 1000 taking any suitable physical form. As example and not by way of limitation, computer system 1000 may be an embedded computer system, a system-on-chip (SOC), a single-board computer system (SBC) (such as, for example, a computer-on-module (COM) or system-on-module (SOM)), a desktop computer system, a laptop or notebook computer system, an interactive kiosk, a mainframe, a mesh of computer systems, a mobile telephone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a server, or a combination of two or more of these. Where appropriate, computer system 1000 may include one or more computer systems 1000; be unitary or distributed; span multiple locations; span multiple machines; or reside in a cloud, which may include one or more cloud components in one or more networks. Where appropriate, one or more computer systems 1000 may perform without substantial spatial or temporal limitation one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. As an example and not by way of limitation, one or more computer systems 1000 may perform in real time or in batch mode one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein. One or more computer systems 1000 may perform at different times or at different locations one or more steps of one or more methods described or illustrated herein, where appropriate.
In particular embodiments, computer system 1000 includes a processor 1002, memory 1004, storage 1006, an input/output (I/O) interface 1008, a communication interface 1010, and a bus 1012. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular computer system having a particular number of particular components in a particular arrangement, this disclosure contemplates any suitable computer system having any suitable number of any suitable components in any suitable arrangement.
In particular embodiments, processor 1002 includes hardware for executing instructions, such as those making up a computer program. As an example and not by way of limitation, to execute instructions, processor 1002 may retrieve (or fetch) the instructions from an internal register, an internal cache, memory 1004, or storage 1006; decode and execute them; and then write one or more results to an internal register, an internal cache, memory 1004, or storage 1006. In particular embodiments, processor 1002 may include one or more internal caches for data, instructions, or addresses. This disclosure contemplates processor 1002 including any suitable number of any suitable internal caches, where appropriate. As an example and not by way of limitation, processor 1002 may include one or more instruction caches, one or more data caches, and one or more translation lookaside buffers (TLBs). Instructions in the instruction caches may be copies of instructions in memory 1004 or storage 1006, and the instruction caches may speed up retrieval of those instructions by processor 1002. Data in the data caches may be copies of data in memory 1004 or storage 1006 for instructions executing at processor 1002 to operate on; the results of previous instructions executed at processor 1002 for access by subsequent instructions executing at processor 1002 or for writing to memory 1004 or storage 1006; or other suitable data. The data caches may speed up read or write operations by processor 1002. The TLBs may speed up virtual-address translation for processor 1002. In particular embodiments, processor 1002 may include one or more internal registers for data, instructions, or addresses. This disclosure contemplates processor 1002 including any suitable number of any suitable internal registers, where appropriate. Where appropriate, processor 1002 may include one or more arithmetic logic units (ALUs); be a multi-core processor; or include one or more processors 1002. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular processor, this disclosure contemplates any suitable processor.
In particular embodiments, memory 1004 includes main memory for storing instructions for processor 1002 to execute or data for processor 1002 to operate on. As an example and not by way of limitation, computer system 1000 may load instructions from storage 1006 or another source (such as, for example, another computer system 1000) to memory 1004. Processor 1002 may then load the instructions from memory 1004 to an internal register or internal cache. To execute the instructions, processor 1002 may retrieve the instructions from the internal register or internal cache and decode them. During or after execution of the instructions, processor 1002 may write one or more results (which may be intermediate or final results) to the internal register or internal cache. Processor 1002 may then write one or more of those results to memory 1004. In particular embodiments, processor 1002 executes only instructions in one or more internal registers or internal caches or in memory 1004 (as opposed to storage 1006 or elsewhere) and operates only on data in one or more internal registers or internal caches or in memory 1004 (as opposed to storage 1006 or elsewhere). One or more memory buses (which may each include an address bus and a data bus) may couple processor 1002 to memory 1004. Bus 1012 may include one or more memory buses, as described below. In particular embodiments, one or more memory management units (MMUs) reside between processor 1002 and memory 1004 and facilitate accesses to memory 1004 requested by processor 1002. In particular embodiments, memory 1004 includes random access memory (RAM). This RAM may be volatile memory, where appropriate. Where appropriate, this RAM may be dynamic RAM (DRAM) or static RAM (SRAM). Moreover, where appropriate, this RAM may be single-ported or multi-ported RAM. This disclosure contemplates any suitable RAM. Memory 1004 may include one or more memories 1004, where appropriate. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates particular memory, this disclosure contemplates any suitable memory.
In particular embodiments, storage 1006 includes mass storage for data or instructions. As an example and not by way of limitation, storage 1006 may include an HDD, a floppy disk drive, flash memory, an optical disc, a magneto-optical disc, magnetic tape, or a Universal Serial Bus (USB) drive or a combination of two or more of these. Storage 1006 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media, where appropriate. Storage 1006 may be internal or external to computer system 1000, where appropriate. In particular embodiments, storage 1006 is non-volatile, solid-state memory. In particular embodiments, storage 1006 includes read-only memory (ROM). Where appropriate, this ROM may be mask-programmed ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), electrically alterable ROM (EAROM), or flash memory or a combination of two or more of these. This disclosure contemplates mass storage 1006 taking any suitable physical form. Storage 1006 may include one or more storage control units facilitating communication between processor 1002 and storage 1006, where appropriate. Where appropriate, storage 1006 may include one or more storages 1006. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates particular storage, this disclosure contemplates any suitable storage.
In particular embodiments, I/O interface 1008 includes hardware, software, or both providing one or more interfaces for communication between computer system 1000 and one or more I/O devices. Computer system 1000 may include one or more of these I/O devices, where appropriate. One or more of these I/O devices may enable communication between a person and computer system 1000. As an example and not by way of limitation, an I/O device may include a keyboard, keypad, microphone, monitor, mouse, printer, scanner, speaker, still camera, stylus, tablet, touch screen, trackball, video camera, another suitable I/O device or a combination of two or more of these. An I/O device may include one or more sensors. This disclosure contemplates any suitable I/O devices and any suitable I/O interfaces 1008 for them. Where appropriate, I/O interface 1008 may include one or more device or software drivers enabling processor 1002 to drive one or more of these I/O devices. I/O interface 1008 may include one or more I/O interfaces 1008, where appropriate. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular I/O interface, this disclosure contemplates any suitable I/O interface.
In particular embodiments, communication interface 1010 includes hardware, software, or both providing one or more interfaces for communication (such as, for example, packet-based communication) between computer system 1000 and one or more other computer systems 1000 or one or more networks. As an example and not by way of limitation, communication interface 1010 may include a network interface controller (NIC) or network adapter for communicating with an Ethernet or other wire-based network or a wireless NIC (WNIC) or wireless adapter for communicating with a wireless network, such as a WI-FI network. This disclosure contemplates any suitable network and any suitable communication interface 1010 for it. As an example and not by way of limitation, computer system 1000 may communicate with an ad hoc network, a personal area network (PAN), a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), or one or more portions of the Internet or a combination of two or more of these. One or more portions of one or more of these networks may be wired or wireless. As an example, computer system 1000 may communicate with a wireless PAN (WPAN) (such as, for example, a BLUETOOTH WPAN), a WI-FI network, a WI-MAX network, a cellular telephone network (such as, for example, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network), or other suitable wireless network or a combination of two or more of these. Computer system 1000 may include any suitable communication interface 1010 for any of these networks, where appropriate. Communication interface 1010 may include one or more communication interfaces 1010, where appropriate. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular communication interface, this disclosure contemplates any suitable communication interface.
In particular embodiments, bus 1012 includes hardware, software, or both coupling components of computer system 1000 to each other. As an example and not by way of limitation, bus 1012 may include an Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, an Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, a front-side bus (FSB), a HYPERTRANSPORT (HT) interconnect, an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, an INFINIBAND interconnect, a low-pin-count (LPC) bus, a memory bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, a PCI-Express (PCIe) bus, a serial advanced technology attachment (SATA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association local (VLB) bus, or another suitable bus or a combination of two or more of these. Bus 1012 may include one or more buses 1012, where appropriate. Although this disclosure describes and illustrates a particular bus, this disclosure contemplates any suitable bus or interconnect.
Herein, a computer-readable non-transitory storage medium or media may include one or more semiconductor-based or other integrated circuits (ICs) (such, as for example, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or application-specific ICs (ASICs)), hard disk drives (HDDs), hybrid hard drives (HHDs), optical discs, optical disc drives (ODDs), magneto-optical discs, magneto-optical drives, floppy diskettes, floppy disk drives (FDDs), magnetic tapes, solid-state drives (SSDs), RAM-drives, SECURE DIGITAL cards or drives, any other suitable computer-readable non-transitory storage medium or media, or any suitable combination of two or more of these, where appropriate. A computer-readable non-transitory storage medium or media may be volatile, non-volatile, or a combination of volatile and non-volatile, where appropriate.
Herein, “or” is inclusive and not exclusive, unless expressly indicated otherwise or indicated otherwise by context. Therefore, herein, “A or B” means “A, B, or both,” unless expressly indicated otherwise or indicated otherwise by context. Moreover, “and” is both joint and several, unless expressly indicated otherwise or indicated otherwise by context. Therefore, herein, “A and B” means “A and B, jointly or severally,” unless expressly indicated otherwise or indicated otherwise by context.
This disclosure encompasses all changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications to the example embodiments herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend. Moreover, reference in the appended claims to an apparatus or system or a component of an apparatus or system being adapted to, arranged to, capable of, configured to, enabled to, operable to, or operative to perform a particular function encompasses that apparatus, system, component, whether or not it or that particular function is activated, turned on, or unlocked, as long as that apparatus, system, or component is so adapted, arranged, capable, configured, enabled, operable, or operative.
Moreover, although this disclosure describes and illustrates respective embodiments herein as including particular components, elements, functions, operations, or steps, any of these embodiments may include any combination or permutation of any of the components, elements, functions, operations, or steps described or illustrated anywhere herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend.
This application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. §120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/569,475, filed 12 Dec. 2014, which claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. §120, of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/490,736, filed 7 Jun. 2012, which claims the benefit, under 35 U.S.C. §119(e), of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/593,841, filed 1 Feb. 2012, which are incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61593841 | Feb 2012 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 14569475 | Dec 2014 | US |
Child | 15421725 | US | |
Parent | 13490736 | Jun 2012 | US |
Child | 14569475 | US |