Advertisers generally have an interest in presenting advertisement (“ad”) content to potential consumers. One effective way of reaching consumers is by placing billboards on roadways, so that drivers and/or passengers of vehicles, traveling on the roadways, may see ad content presented on the billboards. Some billboards make use of technology that shows changing content, such as video ad content, rotating ads (e.g., ads that change on a periodic basis), etc.
Some optical character recognition (“OCR”) techniques exist, whereby vehicle information may be automatically obtained. One such example is license plate readers, which may include a camera that captures an image of a license plate of a vehicle, and logic to perform OCR on text in the image, in order to determine a license plate number of the vehicle. An example of an entity that uses such techniques today is a law enforcement agency, which may use such OCR techniques to determine whether particular vehicles have any outstanding violations and/or to obtain records associated with a vehicle.
The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
Some implementations, describe herein, may provide a “smart” billboard, which may be used to present targeted ad content. For example, the targeted ad content may be selected based on information identified by an OCR system that reads license plates of vehicles that are near a smart billboard (e.g., traveling on a road that is adjacent to, or has a line of sight to, the smart billboard). In some implementations, and as described further below, the targeted ad content may be selected based on one or more other types of information, such as user information that has been linked to vehicle information.
As shown in
The OCR system may provide the license plate information (shown in the figure as “License plate info.”) to a smart billboard controller (which may be connected to the OCR system via a wireless (e.g., cellular) interface and/or a wired interface). The smart billboard controller may use the license plate information, of the set of vehicles, to select ad content for display on the smart billboard. For example, the smart billboard controller may identify history information associated with the vehicles (e.g., a location history) and/or other OCR information (e.g., an OCR-determined make/model of the car, a state that issued the license plate, and/or other miscellaneous information that has been associated with the license plate). The smart billboard controller may use the information, associated with the vehicles, in selecting ad content for display on the smart billboard.
Additionally, or alternatively, the smart billboard controller may use information, linking particular vehicles to particular users (e.g., may determine that a particular license plate number corresponds to a particular user). The smart billboard controller may identify other types of information associated with the user (e.g., types of information that are non-vehicle related, such as a location history of a mobile telephone associated with the user, a purchase history associated with the user, a web browsing history of the user, Internet/television/telephone subscription information, etc.), and may use such information when selecting ad content for display on the smart billboard. Further, the smart billboard controller may additionally, or alternatively, use other types of information (e.g., information that is not necessarily tied to a particular user or vehicle), such as speed camera information (e.g., information that is captured by one or more speed cameras or other devices that determine speed of passing vehicles), weather service information, etc. when selecting ad content for display on the smart billboard.
As described below, ad content may include static content (e.g., still images) and/or video content. The smart billboard controller may, in some implementations, determine whether a still image or video content should be displayed based on one or more factors, such as an average speed of vehicles in a region adjacent to or with line of sight to the smart billboard. Additionally, or alternatively, the smart billboard controller may determine a duration, for which ad content should be displayed, based on the same and/or different factors.
The smart billboard ad selection techniques, described herein, may provide for previously untapped ad targeting potential. For example, billboards are highly visible ad delivery mechanisms, and the targeting of ad content provided via billboards may enhance the marketing capabilities of advertisers that make use of implementations described herein. Further, smart billboard providers may enhance their own product (i.e., billboards) using techniques described herein, thereby providing enhanced monetization opportunities to such providers. Further still, potential consumers may enjoy viewing ad content that is more relevant to them, as opposed to generic ad content that may be of no relevance to the potential consumers.
The quantity of devices and/or networks, illustrated in
OCR system 205 may include one or more devices that capture images and perform OCR techniques to identify text within the images. For example, OCR system 205 may include one or more cameras (e.g., still cameras and/or video cameras) that capture images of vehicles, or portions of vehicles, on a roadway. OCR system 205 may, for example, include a “license plate reader” device, that identifies license plate numbers of license plates attached to vehicles that travel along a roadway. OCR system 205 may be communicatively coupled with one or more other devices, such as smart billboard controller 215, via network 235. For example, OCR system 205 may include a wired interface (e.g., an Ethernet interface) and/or a wireless interface (e.g., a cellular interface) to network 235.
Smart billboard 210 may include one or more devices that present ad content, such as still image ad content and/or video ad content. Smart billboard 210 may thus include a display device, such as a liquid crystal display (“LCD”) device, a light emitting diode (“LED”) display device, and/or another type of display device. The display device, included in smart billboard 210, may be relatively large (e.g., a suitable size so as to be seen from a roadway, potentially hundreds of meters or over a kilometer away). In some implementations, smart billboard 210 may include an audio output device, such as one or more speakers. Smart billboard 210 may, in some implementations, include a storage device (e.g., a hard drive, a flash drive, a solid state drive, a hybrid drive, etc.) that stores ad content (e.g., video, audio, and/or image files that correspond to ad content).
In some implementations, smart billboard 210 may include multiple display areas, which may present different content. The display areas may be polarized in a manner such that different display areas may be visible to vehicles in different lanes. The multiple display areas may thus provide an enhanced level of granularity. That is, content may be targeted not only based on users and/or vehicles in the vicinity of smart billboard 210, but also on a per-lane basis (e.g., content that may be relevant to vehicles in one lane may be less relevant to vehicles in another lane).
Smart billboard 210 may communicate with one or more other devices via network 235. Smart billboard 210 may, for example, receive instructions, from smart billboard controller 215, to present particular ad content stored by smart billboard 210. Additionally, or alternatively, smart billboard 210 may receive ad content from smart billboard controller 215, and may present the received ad content.
Smart billboard controller 215 may include one or more devices that select ad content to display via one or more smart billboards 210. That is, in some implementations, one smart billboard controller 215 may control one smart billboard 210, while in some implementations, one smart billboard controller 215 may control multiple smart billboards 210. Examples of how smart billboard controller 215 may select ad content, for display on smart billboard 210, are described in detail below. Briefly, smart billboard controller 215 may select ad content based on information received from OCR system 205, advertiser information repository 220, and/or user information repository 225. Smart billboard controller 215 may communicate with OCR system 205, smart billboard 210, advertiser information repository 220, user information repository 225, and/or more other devices via network 235.
Advertiser information repository 220 may include one or more devices that receive, store, and/or output information associated with ad content and/or advertisers associated with the ad content. Examples of the types of information that may be stored by advertiser information repository 220 are described in greater detail below. Briefly, the information, stored by advertiser information repository 220, may include ad content, and/or conditions under which particular ad content should be presented. OCR system 205 may communicate with one or more other devices, such as smart billboard controller 215, via network 235.
User information repository 225 may include one or more devices that receive, store, and/or output information associated with one or more users. The users may correspond to potential consumers, at whom advertisers may desire to target ad content. Examples of the types of information that may be stored by user information repository 225 are described in greater detail below. Briefly, the information, stored by user information repository 225, may include names of users, preferences of users (e.g., whether a user prefers to purchase a particular product or service), user history information (e.g., location history, web browsing history, messaging history, purchase history, etc.), and/or other types of user-specific information.
The information, stored by user information repository 225, may include information provided directly from a user (e.g., via a questionnaire), and/or information collected based on user activities (e.g., by a device or service not explicitly shown in
User device 230 may include any computation and communication device that is capable of communicating with one or more networks (e.g., network 235). For example, user device 230 may include a radiotelephone, a personal communications system (“PCS”) terminal (e.g., a device that combines a cellular radiotelephone with data processing and data communications capabilities), a personal digital assistant (“PDA”) (e.g., that can include a radiotelephone, a pager, Internet/intranet access, etc.), a smart phone, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a camera, a television, a set-top device (“STD”), a personal gaming system, a wearable device, and/or another type of computation and communication device. User device 230 may include one or more location determination components, such as a global positioning system (“GPS”) device, and may report its location to network 235 at various intervals (e.g., may “push” the location information and/or provide the location information based on an authorized request). User device 230 may communicate with other devices, such as one or more other user devices 230, via network 235.
Network 235 may include one or more networks, via which one or more devices, shown in
Network 235 may additionally, or alternatively, include a wide area network (“WAN”), a metropolitan area network (“MAN”), the Internet, a fiber optic-based network, and/or a combination of these or other types of networks. Network 235 may include one or more wireless networks in addition to, or in lieu of, an LTE network. For example, network 235 may include a Code Division Multiple Access (“CDMA”) 2000 1× network, a second generation (“2G”) wireless network, a third generation (“3G”) wireless network, a fourth generation (“4G”) wireless network, a fifth generation (“5G”) wireless network, a “Wi-Fi” wireless network (e.g., a network that operates according to an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (“IEEE”) 802.11-based standard), and/or another wireless network. In some implementations, network 235 may be communicatively coupled to one or more other networks.
For instance, data structure 300 may include a “Vehicle identifier [ID]” field, a “Vehicle information [info.]” field, and a “User information” field. The vehicle identifier field may include a unique identifier associated with a particular vehicle, and may include, or be derived from, a license plate number associated with the vehicle. In some implementations, the vehicle identifier field may include another type of identifier that is not based on a license plate number. The vehicle information field may correspond to information stored in data structure 305 (described below with respect to
As shown in
The license plate field may include text associated with a license plate of a particular vehicle, the state field may include information regarding a state (or other type of province or territory) that issued the license plate, the make field may include a name of a make of the vehicle (e.g., a manufacturer of the vehicle), the model field may include a name of a model and/or trim level or variant of the vehicle and the bumper sticker text field may include text included on one or more bumper stickers of the vehicle. Some of the information, stored by data structure 305, may be information obtained by OCR system 205. For instance, an image capture device, associated with OCR system 205, may capture an image of a particular vehicle, and OCR system 205 may use an OCR technique to determine the above information associated with the vehicle. Additionally, or alternatively, a user, associated with the vehicle, may provide some or all of the above information. For instance, a user may indicate a make and/or model of the vehicle, as well as the license plate number associated with the vehicle.
The location history, for a particular vehicle, may indicate locations at which the vehicle has been observed over time. The location history may be based on, for example, locations of image capture devices (e.g., image capture devices associated with one or more OCR systems 205) that have captured images of the particular vehicle (e.g., where the captured images include text corresponding to that vehicle's license plate number). Thus, in some implementations, the location history, for a particular vehicle, may include, or may be derived from, locations of image capture devices that have captured images of the particular vehicle.
The miscellaneous info/tags field, for a particular vehicle, may include other types of information not specifically mentioned above. For instance, this field may include information obtained from, and/or derived by, other sources. This field may store, for example, a set of “tags” associated with a vehicle, which may be used by smart billboard controller 215 when selecting ad content. For example, this field may include information regarding characteristics and/or trends associated with the vehicle (e.g., paint color, average speed, whether the vehicle is a specialty purpose vehicle (e.g., a tour bus, a taxi cab, a limousine, or another type of specialty vehicle), etc.).
Referring to
The MDN field may include a telephone number and/or another identifier (e.g., an International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (“IMEI”) value, an International Mobile Subscriber Identity (“IMSI”) value, a media control access (“MAC”) address, etc.) that may be used to identify a device (such as a particular user device 230) associated with a particular user. In some implementations, one user may be associated with multiple MDNs.
The location history field may store information regarding locations at which the user (e.g., a device associated with the user) may have been identified as being located. For instance, a GPS device, associated with user device 230, may identify the location of user device 230, and/or network 235 may determine and record the location of user device 230 (e.g., using a cell triangulation technique). In some implementations, the location history field may be based on social media “check ins,” in which the user reports his or her location manually.
The device/browsing history field may store information regarding how one or more user devices 230, associated with the user, have been used. For instance, this field may store information regarding web sites that have been visited by the user, messages that have been sent and/or received by the user, calls that have been placed or received by the user, purchase information (e.g., products and/or services purchased via user device 230), subscription information (e.g., a cellular and/or television subscription), and/or other types of information. The information, stored in the device/browsing history field (and/or one or more other fields, such as the location history field), may be received from one or more devices or services that collect such information. As mentioned above, the user may opt in and/or opt out of any such service, and may access and/or remove any collected information regarding the user.
The miscellaneous info/tags field, for a particular user, may include other types of information not specifically mentioned above. For instance, this field may include information obtained from, and/or derived by, other sources. This field may store, for example, a set of “tags” associated with a user, which may be used by smart billboard controller 215 when selecting ad content. For example, this field may include information regarding characteristics and/or trends associated with the user (e.g., types of goods and/or services in which the user has expressed interest, etc.).
Referring to
As also shown in
The locations of the user devices may be determined (e.g., using network-based location determination techniques such as cellular triangulation, GPS-based techniques, etc.). For instance, the user devices may determine their own locations and/or another device may determine the locations of the user devices (e.g., one or more devices associated with network 235).
The locations of the user devices may, in some implementations, be determined on an ongoing basis. In some implementations, the locations of the user devices, and/or the location of OCR system 205, may be provided to user information repository 225 and/or to one or more other devices. For example, as described above, the location information, regarding a particular vehicle (e.g., license plate), may be stored by data structure 305. As another example, and as also described above, the location information, regarding a particular user device, may be stored in a “location history” field of data structure 310. As described below, this information may be used to definitively link a user device to a vehicle.
Referring to
As shown in
The ad information field, for a particular advertiser, may include an instance of data structure 505. For example, Advertiser_A may be associated with a first instance 505-1 of data structure 505, Advertiser_B may be associated with a second instance 505-2 of data structure 505, and so on. As shown in
For instance, as shown in the first row of example data structure 505 in
In some implementations, conditions may be specified in a hierarchical and/or compound manner. For example, conditions may be evaluated in a particular order, and when the first true condition, in the order, is identified, the ad associated with that condition may be selected. Additionally, or alternatively, some conditions may be associated with other subordinate conditions. For example, if a particular condition is met, one or more “subordinate” conditions may be evaluated in order to select ad content to be displayed and/or a duration which to display the ad content.
In some implementations, the “ad” field may include an identifier, such as a uniform resource locator (“URL”), file name, ad name, and/or another unique identifier, based on which the ad content can be identified. In some implementations, the “ad” field may include actual ad content, such as a compressed or uncompressed image or video file. The information, stored in data structures 500 and/or 505 may be provided by one or more advertisers, and/or an administrator associated with smart billboard controller 215 and/or advertiser information repository 220.
Vehicle/user determination component 605 may identify vehicle and/or user data (e.g., based on information stored in one or more of data structures 300-310, described above with respect to
Ad selection component 610 may select an ad content to display on smart billboard 210, based on the information identified, generated, and/or analyzed by vehicle/user determination component 605. Additionally, or alternatively, ad selection component 610 may use advertiser information (e.g., based on information stored in one or more of data structures 500 and/or 505, as described above with respect to
For example, ad selection component 610 may, based on the information received from vehicle/user determination component 605, identify trends and/or may generate a profile of the vehicles in a region from which smart billboard 210 may be viewed. For instance, ad selection component 610 may determine that there are a relatively large quantity and/or proportion of vehicles of a particular make and/or model, that there are a relatively large quantity and/or proportion of vehicles that are from a particular state (or that are in-state plates, or are out of state plates), location histories of vehicles, etc.
As one example of how location history may be used, distance and/or time of a particular vehicle, at a present location and a present time, from a previous location and a previous time, may be used to infer that the vehicle may be in need of fuel. For instance, if particular vehicle is identified at four hours and 500 km from a previous location, ad selection component 610 may determine that the vehicle may be low on fuel, and an advertisement for a gasoline station should be presented. Additionally, or alternatively, ad selection component 610 may infer that a user, in the vehicle, may be hungry, and an advertisement for one or more restaurants may be selected.
Ad selection component 610 may additionally, or alternatively, identify trends and/or generate a profile of users in the region from which smart billboard 210 may be viewed. For instance, ad selection component 610 may identify products in which users are interested, demographics of users, location histories of users, etc.
Ad selection component 610 may compare the identified vehicle and/or user information to information regarding advertisers and/or ad content, in order to determine which ad content to display on smart billboard 210. Additionally, or alternatively, as mentioned above, in some implementations, may select ad content based on an advertiser priority. Ad selection component 610 may, for instance, identify ad content in a rule-based manner (e.g., based on conditions specified in data structure 505), by comparing user and/or vehicle information to conditions, specified by one or more advertisers, regarding ad content. Ad selection component 610 may, in some implementations, determine a duration for which to display ad content. For example, ad selection component 610 may determine the duration based on average speed of vehicles, and/or one or more other conditions.
Billboard selection component 615 may select one or more smart billboards 210, on which to display the content selected by ad selection component 610. For instance, situations may arise where a single OCR system 205 is in place for multiple smart billboards 210. For instance, one camera may capture OCR information in a particular region, while multiple smart billboards 210 may be located in the particular region. In some implementations, billboard selection component 615 may select multiple smart billboards 210 based on average speed of vehicles. For example, in situations where vehicles are traveling relatively quickly, billboard selection component 615 may select multiple consecutive smart billboards 210, on which to display ad content.
Process 700 may include identifying (at 705) vehicles, using OCR techniques, associated with a particular region. For example, as described above, smart billboard controller 215 may identify vehicles in a particular region (e.g., vehicles within a viewing frustum of a camera associated with OCR system 205, vehicles that are within visual range of a particular smart billboard 210, and/or a region defined in some other way), based on license plates identified using OCR techniques (e.g., by OCR system 205).
Process 700 may also include identifying (at 710) additional information regarding the vehicles and/or users associated with the vehicles. For example, smart billboard controller 215 may identify information, stored by user information repository 225, which may include additional information regarding the vehicles (identified at 705), and/or of users associated with the vehicles. As mentioned above, for instance, user information repository 225 may store information that links users to vehicles.
Process 700 may further include identifying (at 715) vehicle and/or user trends associated with the particular region. For example, as described above, smart billboard controller 215 may identify trends and/or other information, regarding the vehicles and/or the users. The trends may, for example, identify quantities and/or proportions of the vehicles and/or users that have certain characteristics (e.g., a quantity or proportion of the vehicles that are of a particular make, a quantity or proportion of the users that are of a particular age or age range, etc.). In some implementations, smart billboard controller 215 may identify an average speed of the vehicles (e.g., based on speed information received from another source, based on readings from multiple OCR cameras, or as determined in some other way).
Process 700 may additionally include selecting (at 720) one or more smart billboards based on the average speed.
As shown in
As shown in
In some implementations, selecting (at 720) one or more billboards may include selecting a sequence of smart billboards 210. For instance, a first billboard may be selected to present a first image (or video) in a set of images (or videos), a second billboard (e.g., a consecutive or a non-consecutive) billboard may be selected to present a second image (or video) in the set of images (or videos), and so on. In this manner, the sequential smart billboards 210 may “tell a story” by way of presenting different, but related, images or videos.
Returning to
Process 700 may further include instructing (at 730) the selected smart billboard(s) 210 to present the selected ad content. For example, smart billboard controller 215 may output, via a wired or a wireless interface, an instruction to the selected smart billboard(s) 210. The instruction may include an identification of the ad content (e.g., a URL, a filename, and/or some other identifier). The instruction may further specify the duration of the selected ad content. Smart billboard(s) 210 may retrieve or identify the ad content (e.g., may retrieve the ad content from an external source or from internal storage), and may present the ad content for the specified duration.
In addition to, or in lieu of, instructing smart billboards 210 to present ad content, smart billboard controller 215 may output selected ads directly to user devices 230, associated with an identified vehicle. For example, smart billboard controller 215 may identify that a particular ad is relevant to one particular user (e.g., based on the user's history, the present location of the vehicle and/or the location history of the vehicle, the make and/or model of the vehicle, and/or one or more other factors), while a different ad is relevant to a different user in the same vehicle. The ads may be “pushed” to user devices 230 (e.g., via short message service (“SMS”) messages, multimedia messaging service (“MMS”) messages, email, proprietary “push” messages, etc.).
Process 1200 may include capturing (at 1205) OCR information associated with vehicles. For instance, as described above, OCR system 205 may capture images associated with vehicles, and may identify text in the images using OCR techniques. The text may correspond to license plates, bumper stickers, decals, emblems, badges, etc.
Process 1200 may also include providing (at 1210) the OCR information to smart billboard controller 215. For example, OCR system 205 may output the OCR information to smart billboard controller 215 via a wired or a wireless interface. As described above, smart billboard controller 215 may select ad content based on the OCR information and/or based on other information.
Process 1200 may further include receiving (at 1215) instructions to present ad content that was selected based on the OCR information. For instance, smart billboard 210 may receive (from smart billboard controller 215 and/or from another source) an identifier of ad content to display, and/or may receive the ad content itself. Process 1200 may additionally include presenting (at 1220) the selected ad content. For instance, smart billboard 210 may present the ad content on a display associated with smart billboard 210.
As shown in
Bus 1410 may include one or more communication paths that permit communication among the components of device 1400. Processor 1420 may include a processor, microprocessor, or processing logic that may interpret and execute instructions. Memory 1430 may include any type of dynamic storage device that may store information and instructions for execution by processor 1420, and/or any type of non-volatile storage device that may store information for use by processor 1420.
Input component 1440 may include a mechanism that permits an operator to input information to device 1400, such as a keyboard, a keypad, a button, a switch, etc. Output component 1450 may include a mechanism that outputs information to the operator, such as a display, a speaker, one or more light emitting diodes (“LEDs”), etc.
Communication interface 1460 may include any transceiver-like mechanism that enables device 1400 to communicate with other devices and/or systems. For example, communication interface 1460 may include an Ethernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, or the like. Communication interface 1460 may include a wireless communication device, such as an infrared (“IR”) receiver, a Bluetooth® radio, or the like. The wireless communication device may be coupled to an external device, such as a remote control, a wireless keyboard, a mobile telephone, etc. In some embodiments, device 1400 may include more than one communication interface 1460. For instance, device 1400 may include an optical interface and an Ethernet interface.
Device 1400 may perform certain operations relating to one or more processes described above. Device 1400 may perform these operations in response to processor 1420 executing software instructions stored in a computer-readable medium, such as memory 1430. A computer-readable medium may be defined as a non-transitory memory device. A memory device may include space within a single physical memory device or spread across multiple physical memory devices. The software instructions may be read into memory 1430 from another computer-readable medium or from another device. The software instructions stored in memory 1430 may cause processor 1420 to perform processes described herein. Alternatively, hardwired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement processes described herein. Thus, implementations described herein are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.
The foregoing description of implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the possible implementations to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the implementations.
For example, while series of blocks have been described with regard to
As another example, while implementations are described above in the context of OCR, other techniques may be used to identify features of vehicles. For example, optical pattern recognition (“OPR”) may be used in addition to, or in lieu of, OCR. OPR may be used, for instance, to identify the make and/or model of a vehicle based on recognizing a shape of the vehicle. Further, in addition to, or in lieu of, identifying text on a vehicle, other shapes and/or images (e.g., insignia, logos, and/or badges denoting a make and/or model of the vehicle) may be identified.
Furthermore, while above implementations are described above in the context of advertisements, other content may be presented on smart billboards, in addition to, or in lieu of, advertisements. For example, information other than advertisements, which may be of interest to (or otherwise relevant to) individuals may be presented on the smart billboards. Such information may include weather information, traffic information, emergency alerts, breaking news, and/or other types of information. In some implementations, the information, presented on smart billboards, may be based on subscriptions associated with users in the vicinity of the smart billboards. For instance, a set of users, in the vicinity of a particular smart billboard, may have a subscription to a premium news service. Based on the subscriptions, content from the premium news service may be presented on the smart billboard.
The actual software code or specialized control hardware used to implement an embodiment is not limiting of the embodiment. Thus, the operation and behavior of the embodiment has been described without reference to the specific software code, it being understood that software and control hardware may be designed based on the description herein.
Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of the possible implementations. In fact, many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and/or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may directly depend on only one other claim, the disclosure of the possible implementations includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Further, while certain connections or devices are shown, in practice, additional, fewer, or different, connections or devices may be used. Furthermore, while various devices and networks are shown separately, in practice, the functionality of multiple devices may be performed by a single device, or the functionality of one device may be performed by multiple devices. Further, multiple ones of the illustrated networks may be included in a single network, or a particular network may include multiple networks. Further, while some devices are shown as communicating with a network, some such devices may be incorporated, in whole or in part, as a part of the network.
To the extent the aforementioned embodiments collect, store or employ personal information provided by individuals, it should be understood that such information shall be used in accordance with all applicable laws concerning protection of personal information. Additionally, the collection, storage and use of such information may be subject to consent of the individual to such activity, for example, through well known “opt-in” or “opt-out” processes as may be appropriate for the situation and type of information. Storage and use of personal information may be in an appropriately secure manner reflective of the type of information, for example, through various encryption and anonymization techniques for particularly sensitive information.
Some implementations are described herein in conjunction with thresholds. The term “greater than” (or similar terms), as used herein to describe a relationship of a value to a threshold, may be used interchangeably with the term “greater than or equal to” (or similar terms). Similarly, the term “less than” (or similar terms), as used herein to describe a relationship of a value to a threshold, may be used interchangeably with the term “less than or equal to” (or similar terms), As used herein, “exceeding” a threshold (or similar terms) may be used interchangeably with “being greater than a threshold,” “being greater than or equal to a threshold,” “being less than a threshold,” “being less than or equal to a threshold,” or other similar terms, depending on the context in which the threshold is used.
No element, act, or instruction used in the present application should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. An instance of the use of the term “and,” as used herein, does not necessarily preclude the interpretation that the phrase “and/or” was intended in that instance. Similarly, an instance of the use of the term “or,” as used herein, does not necessarily preclude the interpretation that the phrase “and/or” was intended in that instance. Also, as used herein, the article “a” is intended to include one or more items, and may be used interchangeably with the phrase “one or more.” Where only one item is intended, the terms “one,” “single,” “only,” or similar language is used. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise.
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