Patent Grant
12036596
This is the U.S. National Phase application of PCT/JP2019/030639, filed Aug. 5, 2019, which claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-232199, filed Dec. 12, 2018, the disclosures of these applications being incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes.
The present invention relates to a press forming method, and particularly relates to a press forming method of forming a press-formed product including a top portion, a side wall portion and a flange portion, and curved in convex and concave shapes in a height direction at places in a longitudinal direction in side view.
Press forming is a method of performing fabrication by pressing a metallic material such as a steel sheet with a die of press forming so that the shape of the die of press forming is transferred. In particular, most automotive parts are produced by press forming. Nowadays, a high-strength steel sheet (high-tension steel sheet) is increasingly often used as an automotive body part to achieve weight reduction of an automotive body. A steel sheet and other metallic materials have such a characteristic that elongation tends to degrade as strength increases. Accordingly, forming defects such as fractures and wrinkles often occur in press forming of a high-tension steel sheet, which is a problem.
Among automotive structural parts, curved parts having steeply curved shapes, such as a rear side member and a floor cross are parts in which fractures and wrinkles are likely to occur and that are difficult to form. Recently, automotive companies and parts companies have been researching application of a high-tension steel sheet to such a curved part to achieve further weight reduction, and how to reduce fractures and wrinkles while performing press forming has been a problem to solve.
Some technologies of press-forming a curved part with reduced fractures and wrinkles have been disclosed so far. For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a technology in which, in press forming of an L-shaped part curved in top view, forming force that forms a flange and a side wall is used to cause slide on a punch bottom surface of a material, thereby avoiding wrinkles of the punch bottom and fractures of the flange.
Moreover, Patent Literature 2 discloses a technology in which, in press forming of a curved press part having a hat-shaped cross section and curved in a longitudinal direction, a bent portion is provided at an end part of a blank material in a width direction through preliminary forming and the curved press part is formed while the bent portion remains, thereby reducing generation of wrinkles at a flange portion. With this technology, since the bent portion is provided at the end part of the blank material in the width direction through the preliminary forming, stiffness of the end part in the width direction increases and force against contraction force in the longitudinal direction increases, and thus generation of wrinkles at the flange portion can be prevented when contraction force in the longitudinal direction is applied by excess metal due to a curved shape.
In addition, some technologies of press-forming a curved part with beads provided to reduce generation of fractures and wrinkles have been disclosed. Patent Literature 3 discloses a technology in which, in press fabrication through one process into a shape having curvature at an end part of a blank material in plan view and having a flange surface below a side wall surface in side view, convex beads are provided to the side wall surface and concave beads are provided to the flange surface directly below the side wall surface, thereby reducing generation of wrinkles at a formed portion of the blank material.
Patent Literature 4 discloses a technology in which, in press fabrication of a press part including a curve portion curved in plan view and a hat-shaped cross section through one process by bend forming, the press part is manufactured without generating fractures in a flange on an inner periphery side of the curve portion. With this technology, convex beads are formed near (outside) a part formed at the flange on the inner periphery side of the curve portion in a blank to promote material rotation in the bend forming so that the amount of material flowing into the flange portion increases, thereby making it possible to prevent fractures at the flange portion.
Patent Literature 5 discloses a technology in which bead shapes are preliminarily formed at positions on a blank material, which correspond to the vicinity of generation positions of fractures and flange wrinkles, and thereafter a press-formed part including a top portion, a side wall portion, and a flange portion is press-formed from the blank material in which the bead shapes are preliminarily formed. With this technology, when the press-formed part is formed, the bead shapes positioned in the vicinity are squashed and material from the vicinity is supplied near positions at which fractures and flange wrinkles would be generated, thereby making it possible to prevent generation of fractures due to excess extension of the blank material and prevent generation of flange wrinkles due to excess material inflow from the flange portion.
However, in the technology disclosed in Patent Literature 1, the material cannot be largely moved in a case in which the punch bottom includes a shape such as a mounted surface or in a case of a closed shape such as a bag shape, and thus a part to which the technology is applicable has been limited. Moreover, in the technology disclosed in Patent Literature 2, a bent shape of the flange portion needs to be formed into a flat shape in a subsequent process, but curl potentially remains. In particular, in a case of an automotive part, a flange often serves as a joining surface for another part and needs to have high surface accuracy, and thus careful application of this forming method has been needed.
Moreover, the technologies disclosed in Patent Literatures 3 and 4, in which press fabrication is performed through one process, each have had the problem that beads provided to prevent wrinkle generation or fractures remain intact. In the technology disclosed in Patent Literature 5, each bead preliminarily formed at a blank material is squashed to reduce deformation in a bead orthogonal direction, but the orientation of the preliminarily formed bead and the direction of material flow when the bead is squashed are not disclosed, and there has been a case in which fractures and wrinkles cannot be effectively prevented in some cases.
Aspects of the present invention are intended to solve the above-described problem and provide a press forming method that can obtain a favorable press-formed product without generating fractures and wrinkles in press forming of a press-formed product including a top portion, a side wall portion and a flange portion, and curved in convex and concave shapes in a height direction at places in a longitudinal direction in side view.
To solve the problem and achieve the object, a press forming method according to aspects of the present invention is a method of forming a press-formed product including: a top portion; a side wall portion continuous with the top portion through top side ridge line portion; a flange portion continuous with the side wall portion; and a convex curve site curved in a convex shape and a concave curve site curved in a concave shape in a height direction along a longitudinal direction in side view, the press forming method includes: a preforming process of forming an intermediate formed product in which either one or both of convex and concave bead portions extending while being tilted relative to a baseline corresponding to the top side ridge line portion, are formed at surface portions corresponding to sites of the side wall portion on both sides of the convex curve site in the longitudinal direction and at surface portions corresponding to sites of the side wall portion on both sides of the concave curve site in the longitudinal direction; and a final forming process of forming the press-formed product by squashing the bead portions in the intermediate formed product and extending a surface portion corresponding to the side wall portion in a bead orthogonal direction orthogonal to a long axis of the bead portion such that pseudo shear deformation occurs to the surface portion corresponding to the side wall portion, wherein at the preforming process: the bead portions formed on both sides of the convex curve site are each tilted such that an end part of the bead portion, along the long axis, positioned on the convex curve site side is farther from the baseline and the other end part of the bead portion positioned on the opposite side is closer to the baseline; and the bead portions formed on both sides of the concave curve site are each tilted such that an end part of the bead portion, along the long axis, positioned on the concave curve site side is closer to the baseline and the other end part of the bead portion positioned on the opposite side is farther from the baseline.
Moreover, in the press forming method according to aspects of the present invention, an angle θ between the long axis of each bead portion formed at the preforming process and the baseline is 5° to 60°.
Moreover, in the press forming method according to aspects of the present invention, the angle θ between the long axis of each bead portion and the baseline satisfies a relation of θ≥90°−θ1, where θ1 represents an acute angle between a forming direction of the press-formed product at the final forming process and the top side ridge line portion.
With the press forming method according to aspects of the present invention, since the side wall portion at sites adjacent to the convex and concave curve sites is formed through pseudo shear deformation, it is possible to reduce compressive deformation or tensile deformation at the convex and concave curve sites, and thus it is possible to obtain a favorable press-formed product without generating fractures nor wrinkles in press forming of a press-formed product including a top portion, a side wall portion and a flange portion, and curved in convex and concave shapes in a height direction at places in a longitudinal direction in side view.
Before describing a press forming method according to an embodiment of the present invention, the following describes a press-formed product as a forming target in accordance with aspects of the present invention, a reason for generation of fractures and wrinkles when the press-formed product is formed, and a background to the present invention. Note that, in drawings, an X axis, a Y axis, and a Z axis represent a longitudinal direction, a width direction, and a height direction of the press-formed product, respectively. Moreover, in the present embodiment, the height direction of the press-formed product is aligned with a forming direction of the press-formed product.
<Press-Formed Product>
As exemplarily illustrated in
In this manner, the press-formed product as a forming target in accordance with aspects of the present invention suffices to be curved in the height direction at places in the longitudinal direction, and when a Z direction is defined to be the forming direction, the press-formed product has a shape curved on a ZX plane including a press stroke axis, in other words, curved in side view.
Accordingly, at the convex curve site 11, tensile deformation occurs and fractures are likely to be generated in the top portion 3, and compressive deformation occurs and wrinkles are likely to be generated in the flange portion 9. Conversely, at the concave curve site 13, compressive deformation occurs and wrinkles are likely to be generated in the top portion 3, and tensile deformation occurs and fractures are likely to be generated in the flange portion 9.
Thus, to reduce generation of fractures and wrinkles when the press-formed product 1 is formed, it is thought to be important that material movement in the process of forming the convex curve site 11 and the concave curve site 13 is changed to reduce the line length difference generated between the top portion 3 and the flange portion 9 in the longitudinal direction so that tensile deformation and compressive deformation are prevented in the top portion 3 and the flange portion 9 in the forming process.
Accordingly, the inventor carried out diligent studies of a specific method for reducing the line length difference. As a result, it was found that side wall portions 7a, 7b, and 7c of the straight portions 15, 17, and 19 need to be formed through shear deformation as illustrated in
<Press Forming Method>
The press forming method according to the present embodiment forms the press-formed product 1 illustrated in
<<Preforming Process>>
As illustrated in
The bead portions 37a and 37b formed at the side-wall corresponding surface portions 33a and 33b on both sides of the convex curve site 11 in the longitudinal direction are tilted so that end parts 37a2 and 37b1 of the bead portions 37a and 37b positioned on the convex curve site 11 side along the long axes of the bead portions 37a and 37b are farther from the baseline 35 and the other end parts 37al and 37b2 positioned on the opposite side are closer to the baseline 35. The bead portions 37b and 37c formed at the side-wall corresponding surface portions 33b and 33c on both sides of the concave curve site 13 in the longitudinal direction are tilted so that end parts 37b2 and 37cl of the bead portions 37b and 37c positioned on the concave curve site 13 side along the long axes of the bead portions 37b and 37c are closer to the baseline 35 and the other end parts 37b1 and 37c2 positioned on the opposite side are farther from the baseline 35.
Note that, as for the tilt angle of each bead portion 37, an acute angle θ between the long axis of the bead portion 37 and the baseline 35 at a side-wall corresponding surface portion 33 at which the bead portion 37 is formed is desirably 5° to 60° as illustrated in
<<Final Forming Process>>
As illustrated in
In the final forming process, the intermediate formed product 31 suffices to be subjected to formation using a die of press forming of the press-formed product 1, and accordingly, each bead portion 37 provided in the preforming process is squashed into a flat shape. In addition, the bead orthogonal direction of the bead portion 37 is aligned with the forming direction in the final forming process (refer to
The following describes a mechanism for an effect of reducing fractures and wrinkles in accordance with aspects of the present invention.
However, in the press forming method according to aspects of the present invention, when the intermediate formed product 31 formed through the preforming process is formed into the press-formed product 1, each bead portion 37 formed at the side-wall corresponding surface portion 33 is squashed and extended through deformation. In this case, the material of the bead portion 37 moves in the direction (bead orthogonal direction) orthogonal to the long axis of the bead portion 37. Accordingly, as illustrated in
In addition, since the press-formed product 1 is formed with relaxed compressive deformation in the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11, tensile deformation in the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11 is relaxed, and thus fractures in the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11 can be reduced. Moreover, since the press-formed product 1 is formed with relaxed tensile deformation in the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13, compressive deformation in the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13 is relaxed, and thus wrinkles in the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13 can be reduced.
Note that, the technology disclosed in Patent Literature 5 described above seems similar to the press forming method according to aspects of the present invention in that convex or concave bead portions are preformed at a site corresponding to a side wall portion in a blank and squashed to form a target press-formed product.
However, in the technology disclosed in Patent Literature 5, bead portions are preliminarily formed directly at a site where fractures are generated, in other words, a side wall portion continuous with a top portion and a flange portion where wrinkles are generated in the first process, and then in the following second process, the bead portions are squashed to promote material inflow to a site where fractures are generated and material outflow from a site where wrinkles are generated.
On the contrary, in the press forming method according to aspects of the present invention, bead portions are formed in a side wall portion continuous with a top portion and a flange portion having no fractures nor wrinkles, and then in the final forming process as the second process, the bead portions are squashed to cause shear deformation in the side wall portion, thereby reducing compressive deformation and tensile deformation in the longitudinal direction to reduce generation of fractures and wrinkles. In this manner, the technology disclosed in Patent Literature 5 and the press forming method according to aspects of the present invention have different technological characteristics and obtain different effects.
Note that, each bead portion 37 formed in the preforming process suffices to be tilted relative to the baseline 35 as described above, but the angle θ of the bead portion 37 is preferably 5° to 60° inclusive.
In particular, in a case of θ≥θ2 (=90°−θ1), material movement in a press forming direction due to squashing of the bead portion 37 and material movement in the press forming direction due to bending in the ridge line orthogonal direction at the top side ridge line portion 5 are added together, and material movement in a press forming orthogonal direction due to squashing the bead portion 37 and material movement in the press forming orthogonal direction due to bending in the ridge line orthogonal direction at the top side ridge line portion 5 are canceled, and accordingly, the amount of shear deformation in each surface portion corresponding to a side wall portion can be increased, thereby further making it possible to reduce compressive deformation in the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11 and tensile deformation in the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13.
In addition, in a case of θ=θ2 (=90°−θ1), the forming direction is aligned with a direction in which the bead portion is squashed and extended as illustrated in
As described above, aspects of the present invention can move the material in a desired direction during forming in the final forming process by changing the angle θ between each bead portion 37 and the baseline 35 in the intermediate formed product 31, and thus are applicable to various kinds of forming conditions and the material strength of a blank used in forming.
Note that, the present invention is not limited to a case in which the intermediate formed product 31 having a shape in which only the bead portions 37 are provided to a flat plate blank as illustrated in
For example, an intermediate formed product 41 that includes a top portion 43 curved in a convex and concave shape in the height direction, a side-wall corresponding surface portion 47 continuous with the top portion 43 through a top side ridge line portion 45, and a flange portion 49 and in which bead portions 51 are formed at the side-wall corresponding surface portion 47 may be formed as illustrated in
Moreover, since the top side ridge line portion 45 in the intermediate formed product 41 has a bent shape and connects the top portion 43 and the side-wall corresponding surface portion 47 (refer to
Note that, although each bead portion 37 (
Moreover, the height and number of bead portions formed in the intermediate formed product in the preforming process are not limited, but when a larger number of bead portions having higher heights are formed, each side-wall corresponding surface portion at which the bead portions are formed has a larger section line length so that material movement when the bead portions are formed into flat shapes in the final forming process can be increased, thereby achieving a more preferable effect of reducing fractures and wrinkles. Note that, each bead portion may have a convex or concave section orthogonal to the long axis. In addition, the long axis of a convex bead portion and the long axis of a concave bead portion may be alternately formed. The long axes of the bead portions are preferably parallel to each other.
The bead portions are desirably formed at sites, such as the straight portions 15, 17, and 19 illustrated in
In addition, crash forming and deep drawing can be each applied as press techniques in the preforming process and the final forming process in accordance with aspects of the present invention.
Note that, the press forming method according to aspects of the present invention is not limited to a steel sheet but is also applicable to a metal plate. Examples of metal plates include a coated steel sheet, an aluminum sheet, and an aluminum alloy sheet.
A specific press forming experiment on effects of the press forming method according to aspects of the present invention was performed as described below.
In the experiment, the press-formed product 1 having a hat-shaped cross section and including the convex curve site 11 curved in a convex shape and the concave curve site 13 curved in a concave shape in the height direction was press-formed as illustrated in
In the present example, an example of the present invention was obtained by forming an intermediate formed product through the preforming process and subsequently forming the intermediate formed product into a press-formed product through the final forming process according to aspects of the present invention. The press technique in the preforming process was the crash forming (refer to
The preforming process was performed in two cases, namely, a case in which the intermediate formed product 31 having a shape in which only the bead portions 37 are provided to a blank having a flat plate shape as illustrated in
Moreover, a conventional example is an example in which the press-formed product 1 was formed through one process without forming bead portions, and a comparative example is an example in which the press-formed product 1 was formed through the two processes of the preforming process and the final forming process similarly to the example of the present invention and the angle θ (refer to
In the present example, formability was evaluated based on the existence of fractures and wrinkles in the flange portion 9 and the top portion 3 in the press-formed product 1. In fracture evaluation, the existence of fractures in the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11 and the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13 was observed, a cross was provided when fractures existed, a triangle was provided when no fractures existed but necking due to plate thickness decrease existed, and a circle was provided when no fractures nor necking existed. In wrinkle evaluation, the existence of wrinkles in the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11 and the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13 was observed, a cross was provided when significant wrinkles existed, a triangle was provided when minute wrinkles existed, and a circle was provided when no wrinkles existed. Table 1 lists forming conditions and formability evaluation results.
In Table 1, A to E in the leftmost column denote groups of examples and comparative examples in each of which the press techniques and the pad existence in the preforming process and the final forming process were identical.
In Group A, the intermediate formed product 31 of a flat plate shape was formed through the preforming process, the crash forming was employed in the preforming process, the crash forming was employed in the final forming process, and no pad was used in the preforming process and the final forming process (Examples 1 to 5).
In Conventional Example 1 in which the press-formed product 1 was formed through one process by the crash forming with no pad in the final forming process as well, necking due to plate thickness decrease occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11 and the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13. In comparison with Conventional Example 1, in Examples 1 and 5, necking due to plate thickness decrease occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11 and the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13. Moreover, in Examples 2 and 4, no fractures nor necking occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11, but necking occurred to the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13. In addition, in Example 3 in which the angle θ of each bead portion 37 was 20°, no fractures nor necking occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11 and the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13.
Moreover, in Conventional Example 1, clear large wrinkles occurred to the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11 and the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13. In comparison with Conventional Example 1, in Examples 1, 2, and 5, minute wrinkles occurred to the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11 and the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13. Moreover, in Examples 3 and 4, minute wrinkles occurred to the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11, but no wrinkles occurred to the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13.
In Group B, the intermediate formed product 31 of a flat plate shape was formed through the preforming process, the crash forming was employed in the preforming process, the deep drawing was employed in the final forming process, and no pad was used in the preforming process and the final forming process (Examples 11 to 15).
In Conventional Example 2 in which the press-formed product 1 was formed through one process by the deep drawing with no pad in the final forming process as well, clear fractures occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11. In comparison with Conventional Example 2, in Examples 11, 12, 14, and 15, necking occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11.
Moreover, in Conventional Example 2, clear wrinkles occurred to the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13. In comparison with Conventional Example 2, in Examples 11 to 15, minute wrinkles occurred to the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13.
In Group C, the intermediate formed product 31 of a flat plate shape was formed through the preforming process, the crash forming was employed in the preforming process, the crash forming was employed in the final forming process, no pad was used in the preforming process, and a pad was used in the final forming process (Examples 21 to 25).
In Conventional Example 3 in which the press-formed product 1 was formed through one process by the crash forming with a pad in the final forming process as well, necking due to plate thickness decrease occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11, and fractures occurred to the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13. In comparison with Conventional Example 3, in Examples 21 and 25, necking occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11 and the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13. Moreover, in Examples 22 and 24, no fractures nor necking occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11, but necking occurred to the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13. In addition, in Example 23 in which the angle θ of each bead portion 37 was 20°, no fractures nor necking occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11 and the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13.
Moreover, in Conventional Example 3, clear large wrinkles occurred to the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11. In comparison with Conventional Example 3, in Examples 21 to 25, minute wrinkles occurred to the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11. Moreover, in Example 25, minute wrinkles occurred to the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13.
In Group D, the intermediate formed product 31 of a flat plate shape was formed through the preforming process, the crash forming was employed in the preforming process, the deep drawing was employed in the final forming process, no pad was used in the preforming process, and a pad was used in the final forming process (Examples 31 to 35).
In Conventional Example 4 in which the press-formed product 1 was formed through one process by the deep drawing with a pad in the final forming process as well, fractures occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11 and necking occurred to the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13. In comparison with Conventional Example 4, in Examples 31, 32, and 35, necking occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11. Moreover, in Examples 33 and 34, no fractures nor necking occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11.
Moreover, in Conventional Example 4, minute wrinkles occurred to the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13. In comparison with Conventional Example 4, in Examples 31, 32, 34, and 35, minute wrinkles occurred to the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13. Moreover, in Example 33, no wrinkles occurred to the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11 and the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13.
In Group E, the intermediate formed product 41 in which the angle φ of the side-wall corresponding surface portion 47 was 30° was formed through the preforming process, no pad was used in the preforming process, and a pad was used in the final forming process (Examples 41 to 45).
In Conventional Example 3 in which the press-formed product 1 was formed through one process by the crash forming with a pad in the final forming process as well, necking due to plate thickness decrease occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11, and fractures occurred to the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13. In comparison with Conventional Example 3, in Examples 41 and 45, necking occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11 and the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13. Moreover, in Examples 42 and 44, necking occurred to the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13. In addition, in Example 43, no fractures nor necking occurred to the top portion 3 at the convex curve site 11 and the flange portion 9 at the concave curve site 13.
Moreover, in Conventional Example 3, clear large wrinkles occurred to the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11. In comparison with Conventional Example 3, in Examples 41 and 42, minute wrinkles occurred to the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11. Moreover, in Example 45, minute wrinkles occurred to the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13. Moreover, in Examples 43 and 44, no wrinkles occurred to the flange portion 9 at the convex curve site 11 and the top portion 3 at the concave curve site 13.
Comparison between Examples 43 and 51 for an effect of the existence of a pad in the preforming process found that fractures and wrinkles were both prevented at the convex curve site 11 and the concave curve site 13 in Example 51 in which a pad was used in the preforming process, similarly to Example 43 in which no pad was used in the preforming process.
As described above, it is indicated that, with the press forming method according to aspects of the present invention, it is possible to form a press-formed product curved in convex and concave shapes in the height direction with reduced fractures and wrinkles.
According to aspects of the present invention, it is possible to provide a press forming method capable of obtaining a favorable press-formed product without generating fractures nor wrinkles in press forming of a press-formed product including a top portion, a side wall portion and a flange portion, and curved in convex and concave shapes in the height direction at places in the longitudinal direction in side view.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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| 2018-232199 | Dec 2018 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2019/030639 | 8/5/2019 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020/121591 | 6/18/2020 | WO | A |
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