Patent Application
20140200711
This application is a U.S. National stage application of International Application No. PCT/JP2013/053872, filed on Feb. 18, 2013. This U.S. National stage application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(a) to Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-058138, filed in Japan on Mar. 15, 2012, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a braking performance verifying apparatus, and in particular, to a braking performance verifying apparatus for a press machine for verifying performance of brakes which apply braking to a slide.
2. Background Information
An electric servo press as a press machine has a servo motor, a power converting mechanism, a brake apparatus, and the like. The power converting mechanism has a ball screw, an eccentricity mechanism, a link mechanism, and the like, and rotational driving force of the servo motor is converted to an up and down reciprocating movement of a slide. Then, a work piece is press processed between an upper mold and a lower mold using the reciprocating movement of the slide.
There are cases where a runaway monitoring apparatus is provided in such an electric servo press as shown in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-199314. In the runaway monitoring apparatus, the press speed is detected for each passing of a predetermined period of time after a deceleration and stopping instruction signal is input with regard to the servo motor. Then, it is determined whether or not the press speed which is detected exceeds a setting value which is set in advance, and braking is mechanically applied to the electric servo press using the brake apparatus in a case where it is determined that the press speed exceeds the setting value.
A safety apparatus is provided in the electric servo press to be separate to the runaway monitoring apparatus as described above. The safety apparatus stops activation of the electric servo press using the brake apparatus in a case where the operator approaches the electric servo press by going past the safety apparatus. It is necessary to know the stopping time from instructing stopping such as emergency stopping to actual stopping of the slide in order to decide the position where a safety apparatus such as this is positioned.
In detail, it is necessary for the safety apparatus to be arranged so that the time until the operator reaches from the safety apparatus to the electric servo press is longer than the stopping time when the electric servo press is activated at the maximum speed in a case where the operator approaches the electric servo press by going past the safety apparatus. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to know the stopping time from instructing stopping to stopping of the slide in a case where there is an instruction for emergency stopping or the like when the slide is being reciprocated at the maximum driving speed.
In order to know the stopping time in this manner, a manual mode for measuring the stopping time is set in the electric servo press. Then, it is necessary to perform a verifying operation in the manual mode with daily checks and to verify the stopping time since the stopping time changes due to attrition of a friction member in the brake apparatus and the like.
However, an operation such as this is complicated. Then, there are cases where deterioration in braking performance is not noticed when the operator neglects the verifying operation described above and the stopping time is longer than the predicted time.
The problem as described above is not limited to the electric servo press and occurs in the same manner in mechanical press units which use a flywheel.
The object of the present invention is for it to be possible to easily automatically verify braking performance in a press machine.
A press machine braking performance verifying apparatus according to a first aspect of the present invention is for verifying performance of brakes which apply braking to a slide and is provided with a speed detecting means, a stopping instruction detecting means, a stopping time measuring means, a maximum stopping time calculating means, and an evaluating means. The speed detecting means detects slide driving speed for driving the slide. The stopping instruction detecting means detects that stopping of the slide is instructed. The stopping time measuring means measures stopping time until the slide stops when a stopping instruction is detected. The maximum stopping time calculating means calculates predicted stopping time in a case where the slide is driven at the maximum driving speed on the basis of the slide driving speed after detecting of a stopping instruction and the stopping time. The evaluating means evaluates performance of the breaks by comparing the predicted stopping time which is calculated by the maximum stopping time calculating means and a threshold valve which is set in advance.
In the apparatus, the stopping time until the slide stops is measured in a case where urgent stopping is instructed due to, for example, blocking of a light beam from a light-beam safety apparatus during a press operation. Since the slide driving speed at the time when stopping is instructed and the stopping time are in a proportional relationship, it is possible to predict the stopping time in a case where the slide is driven at the maximum driving speed using calculation on the basis of the slide driving speed at the time right after stopping is instructed and the stopping time. Then, the predicted stopping time is compared to the threshold value which is set in advance and braking performance is evaluated.
Here, braking performance is automatically verified each time that urgent stopping is instructed due to, for example, blocking of a light beam from the light-beam safety apparatus. Accordingly, it is possible to verify and evaluate braking performance each time there is urgent stopping even in a case where the operator neglects daily checks in a manual mode.
A press machine braking performance verifying apparatus according to a second aspect of the present invention is the apparatus of the first aspect which is further provided an execution limiting means which executes the stopping time measuring means, the maximum stopping time calculating means, and the evaluating means only in a case where the slide driving speed when the stopping instruction is detected is a predetermined speed or more.
Here, the relationship between speed and stopping time is unstable due to variation in a kinetic friction coefficient in the braking apparatus and the like in a case where the slide driving speed is low.
Therefore, in the apparatus in the second aspect, the verifying process is executed only in a case where the slide driving speed is the predetermined speed or more. In other words, the verifying process is not executed in a case where the slide driving speed does not reach the predetermined speed. Due to this, it is possible to acquire an accurate predicted stopping time.
A press machine braking performance verifying apparatus according to a third aspect of the present invention is the apparatus of the first or the second aspect wherein the stopping time which is measured by the stopping time measuring means is the sum of idle time from detecting of a stopping instruction to the start of braking and braking time from the start of braking to stopping of the slide. In addition, the maximum stopping time calculating means executes the following process.
In the braking apparatus, braking does not necessarily start instantaneously even when the stopping instruction is received. There is idle time such as time from the start of movement of members such as a plate, which is pressed against a friction member which configures the braking apparatus, to the member abutting against the friction member.
Therefore, in the apparatus in the third aspect, the fixed stopping time, where the time until the braking force of the braking apparatus is stabilized is added, is first considered in addition to the idle time when the predicted stopping time is calculated. In addition, the deceleration coefficient is determined from the slide driving speed at the predetermined timing during braking and the time from the predetermined timing to stopping when there is a stopping instruction. The predicted stopping time when the slide is driven at the maximum driving speed is determined from the fixed stopping time, the deceleration coefficient, and the maximum driving speed of the slide as above.
A press machine braking performance verifying apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the apparatus of the third aspect wherein the fixed stopping time is a fixed value which is set in advance.
Here, the fixed stopping time is determined in advance based on the specifications of the braking apparatus and the like or by experimentation and is set as a fixed value.
A press machine braking performance verifying apparatus according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the apparatus of the third aspect which is further provided with a speed change detecting means and a fixed stopping time calculating means. The speed change detecting means detects a change in the slide driving speed and determines whether or not the change in speed exceeds a predetermined threshold value. The fixed stopping time calculating means calculates the time from the timing when the stopping instruction is detected to the timing when the change in speed exceeds the predetermined threshold value as the fixed stopping time.
In the braking apparatus, attrition of the friction member and the other constituent components and the like occurs due to use over a long period of time and consequently the idle time changes. In a case where the idle time changes, it is not possible to accurately verify braking performance when a fixed value is used as the fixed stopping time which includes the idle time.
Therefore, in the apparatus in the fifth aspect, calculation of the fixed stopping time which includes the idle time is also performed along with the process of verifying the braking performance.
Here, it is possible to accurately verify braking performance since braking performance is verified by also taking into consideration the braking apparatus side.
A press machine braking performance verifying apparatus according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the apparatus of any of the first to the fifth aspects which is further provided with a movement direction detecting means which detects the movement direction of the slide. Then, the stopping time measuring means, the maximum stopping time calculating means, and the evaluating means executes the process only when a stopping instruction is detected when the slide is being lowered.
In the press machine, a work piece holding spring is provided on a punch side and a die cushion for raising the work piece is provided. Such a mechanism is activated in a direction which lifts the slide upward when the slide is being raised. That is, the mechanism is activated in a direction which adds to the slide driving speed when the slide is being raised. It is not possible to accurately grasp the stopping time when executing the verifying process as above with such circumstances.
Therefore, in the apparatus in the sixth aspect, the verifying process as above is executed when the slide is being lowered and not when the slide is being raised. As a result, it is possible to accurately measure the stopping time.
A press machine braking performance verifying apparatus according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the apparatus of any of the first to the sixth aspects wherein the evaluating means has a warning value which is set in advance and an abnormal value which is larger than the warning value. Then, the evaluating means gives notification of a warning in a case where the predicted stopping time is equal to or more than the warning value and is less than the abnormal value and prohibits activation of the press machine in a case where the predicted stopping time is the abnormal value or more.
A press machine braking performance verifying apparatus according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is the apparatus of any of the first to the seventh aspects which is further provided with a signaling means. The signaling means determines whether or not a predetermined period of time has passed since an evaluation was carried out by the evaluating means. Then, signaling means signals a warning such that the braking performance verifying process is executed in a case where an evaluation has not been performed by the evaluating means after the predetermined period of time has passed.
According to the apparatus of the present invention, the burden on an operator is reduced since verifying of braking performance is automatically performed. However, a case is assumed where there are no instructions such as urgent stopping for a long period of time.
Therefore, in the apparatus in the eighth aspect, a warning is signaled to the operator so that the braking performance verifying process is executed in a case where the verifying process has not been performed for a predetermined period of time.
A press machine braking performance verifying apparatus according to a ninth aspect of the present invention is the apparatus of the seventh aspect which is further provided with an operating means for executing a braking performance verifying test and a test permitting means. The test permitting means permits activation in order to verify braking performance in a case where the operating means is operated even in a case where activation of the press machine is prohibited by the evaluating means.
In the apparatus in the seventh aspect, activation of the press machine is prohibited in a case where the predicted stopping time is the abnormal value or more. However, the braking apparatus has an important function for the press machine.
Therefore, in the apparatus in the ninth aspect, it is possible to execute activation in order to carry out the braking performance verifying process by an operation of the operating member even in a case where activation of the press machine is prohibited by the evaluating means.
A press machine braking performance verifying apparatus according to a tenth aspect of the present invention is the apparatus of the ninth aspect which is provided with an acceptance determining means and a cancelling means. The acceptance determining means determines whether or not the result of verifying of braking performance by the operating means and the test permitting means satisfies a predetermined standard. The cancelling means cancels prohibiting of activation of the press machine by the evaluating means in a case where it is determined that braking performance satisfies the predetermined standard by the acceptance determining means.
In the present invention as above, it is possible to automatically verify braking performance in a press machine when there is an instruction for urgent stopping, emergency stopping, or the like.
In addition, the electric servo press 1 has a NC apparatus 10, an emergency stopping circuit 11, an electrical switch 12, and a linear scale 13.
The NC apparatus 10 has a CPU 10a, an input circuit 10b, a memory circuit 10c, an output circuit 10d, a feedback circuit (FB circuit) 10e, and the like. An activating switch 15, an emergency stopping button 16, a light-beam safety apparatus 17 which detects an operator due to blocking of a light beam, and a pulse coder 18 which detects rotation of the servo motor 3 are connected to the input circuit 10b. In addition, a servo alarm from the servo amplifier 3 is input into the input circuit 10b. Various types of parameter and programs which are set in advance are stored in the memory circuit 10c. A signal from the output circuit 10d is input into the servo amplifier 4 and the emergency stopping circuit 11. In addition, a signal from the servo amplifier 4 is input into the feedback circuit 10e.
The electrical switch 12 is connected to the output side of the emergency stopping circuit 11. In addition, switches 21 and 22 which are a normal open type of switch are respectively provided between a power supply source 20 and the servo amplifier 4 and the power supply source 20 and the brake apparatus 5. Each of the switches 21 and 22 are closed by the electrical switch 12 which is controlled by the emergency stopping circuit 11.
The linear scale 13 detects the absolute position of the slide 2. A signal from the linear scale 13 is input into the feedback circuit 10e in the NC apparatus 10. The NC apparatus 10 outputs a control signal to the servo amplifier 4 based on a feedback signal and aligns the position of the slide 2.
When the operator operates the activating switch 15, a slide activating signal is input into the NC apparatus 10. Due to this, each of the switches 21 and 22 are closed, electric power is supplied to the servo amplifier 4, and the brake apparatus 5 is in a brake cancelling state.
In addition, when a slide activating signal is input into the NC apparatus 10, a speed command (a voltage command which commands rotation of the servo motor 3) and a command which enables control of the servo motor 3 are output from the output circuit 10d to the servo amplifier 4 based on data which is set in advance in the storage circuit 10c. Then, the servo amplifier 4 converts electric power which is supplied from the power supply source 20 into a drive power signal according to the speed command, and then outputs the drive power signal to the servo motor 3. In addition, a pulse signal from the pulse coder 18 which is built into the servo motor 3 is fed back into the servo amplifier 4. Then, the servo motor 3 is controlled by the servo amplifier 4 so that the difference between the motor rotation speed which is calculated from the pulse signal (corresponding to the drive speed of the slide) and the speed command is reduced.
In addition, a feedback signal from the linear scale 13 is input to the NC apparatus 10 via the feedback circuit 10e. Then, the NC apparatus 10 outputs a control signal to the servo amplifier 4 based on the feedback signal, and due to this, the position of the slide 2 is aligned at the target position.
When a stopping signal from the emergency stopping button 16, a detection signal from the light-beam safety apparatus 17, a servo alarm from the servo amplifier 4, and the like are input into the input circuit 10b during a press operation, a stopping signal is output from the NC apparatus 10 to the emergency stopping circuit 11. A control signal is output from the emergency stopping circuit 11 with regard to the electrical switch 12 due to receiving of the stopping signal, and due to this, each of the switches 21 and 22 are in the open state. As a result, electric power is blocked to the servo amplifier 4 and the brake apparatus 5, the brake apparatus 5 is in a brake cancelling off (brake off=braking) state, and rotation of the servo motor 3 also stops.
In a case where the emergency stopping process is carried out as above, a braking performance verifying process is executed as below.
Here, the fixed stopping time T0 includes idle time from the timing when there is a stopping instruction to actual starting of braking and is the time until braking force in the brake apparatus 5 stabilizes (refer to
As described above, the fixed stopping time T0 varies due to the specifications of the mechanisms in the brake apparatus 5. Accordingly, setting the fixed stopping time T0 as a fixed value in advance is considered.
On the other hand, attrition on a friction member, friction on sliding sections in the mechanisms, and the like are generated due to use of the brake apparatus over a long period of time, and due to this, the fixed stopping time T0 changes. Accordingly, during the braking apparatus verifying process, it is preferable that the process for determining the fixed stopping time T0 be executed at the same time in combination with the verifying process. Below, calculation of the fixed stopping time T0 will be described using
When there is an urgent stopping instruction at a timing ts while the slide 2 is being lowered at a drive speed Vs (equivalent to a speed VA in
Then, the rate of change in speed suddenly changes at a certain timing. This has the meaning that a plate for pressurizing abuts against a friction member in the brake apparatus 5 after the idle time passes and actual braking starts. Here, in order to reliably verify that there is a braking state and the braking force is stabilized, the time until the point in time (a timing tt at point T in
Here, in a case where the fixed stopping time T0 as above is longer than the time which is set in advance, a process such as notifying of a warning is executed as there is an abnormality in the mechanisms in the brake apparatus 5.
Next, the braking performance verifying process will be described in detail using the flow chart in
First, in step S1, it is determined whether or not a stopping instruction for emergency stopping or urgent stopping of the slide 2 is generated. The stopping instruction is generated due to operation of the emergency stopping button 16, generation of a servo alarm, detection of a signal from the light-beam safety apparatus 17, or the like. In a case where a stopping instruction is generated, brake cancelling output is set to off and the braking apparatus 5 is activated.
Next, in step S2, data is taken on a slide drive speed Vs and the slide movement direction when the stopping instruction is generated. In addition, the stopping time is measured. The slide drive speed is determined using a signal from the pulse coder 18 in the servo motor 3. Here, the pulse coder 18 belongs to the servo motor 3 in
In addition, in step S2, the time TA (refer to (a) of
In step S3, it is determined whether or not the slide drive speed Vs when the stopping instruction is generated is equal to or more than a minimum drive speed Vmin. In a case where the drive speed of the slide 2 is low and does not reach the speed Vmin, the slide drive speed and the stopping time do not have a stable proportional relationship and it is not possible to accurately measure the stopping time. Accordingly, the following process is executed only in cases where the slide drive speed is equal to or more than the minimum drive speed Vmin.
In step S4, it is determined whether or not the movement direction of the slide 2 when the stopping instruction is generated is the lowering direction. A work piece holding spring provided on the punch side and a die cushion act in a direction to push the slide 2 upward when the slide is being raised. Accordingly, there is a trend where the stopping time is longer during raising of the slide compared to during lowering of the slide even when the drive speed of the slide 2 is the same. Accordingly, here, the following process is executed only when the slide 2 is being lowered.
The process moves to step S5 in a case where the slide drive speed when the stopping instruction is generated is equal to or more than the minimum drive speed Vmin and the movement direction of the slide 2 is the lowering direction. A braking performance coefficient A is calculated in step S5. The braking performance coefficient A is determined using the following formula.
A=(TA−T0)/Vt (1)
It is possible to determine a predicted stopping time Tn using the following linear function in a case where the slide drive speed when the stopping instruction is generated is Vn by determining the braking performance coefficient A above.
Tn=A×Vn+T0 (2)
In step S6, a predicted maximum stopping time Tmax when the slide is driven at the maximum drive speed TMax is determined using the formula (1) and (2) above.
Tmax=A×Vmax+T0 (3)
Here, in formula (3), the maximum drive speed Vmax is used as it is without using a speed (Vmax−α) when the idle time has passed since the maximum drive speed. This is because it is difficult to accurately grasp to what extent the maximum drive speed is reduced during the idle time when there is a stopping instruction at the maximum drive speed. Accordingly, the maximum drive speed Vmax is used in formula (3) such that the predicted stopping time is longer, that is, on the safe side.
Here, Vmax may be changed to “Vmax−(VS−VT)” in formula (3) with the speed reduction at the idle time as the same as (VS−VT) in
Next, in step S7, it is determined whether or not the predicted maximum stopping time Tmax which is determined in step S6 is less than a warning threshold value. As shown by a straight line B1 in
Here,
In addition, the process moves from step S7 to step S9 in a case where the predicted maximum stopping time Tmax is equal to or more than the warning threshold value. In step S9, it is determined whether or not the predicted maximum stopping time Tmax is less than an abnormal threshold value. As shown by a straight line B2 in
In addition, as shown by a straight line B3 in
(1) It is possible to verify and evaluate braking performance without a complicated operation since the braking performance verifying process is automatically performed in a case where an emergency stopping process is executed due to blocking of a light beam from the light-beam safety apparatus or the like during a press operation.
(2) It is possible to accurately perform the verifying process since the braking performance verifying process is performed only in a case where the slide speed is equal to or more than a predetermined speed.
(3) It is possible to detect an abnormality in the mechanisms which configure the brake apparatus 5 since the process where the fixed stopping time is determined is executed in combination with the braking performance verifying process. Accordingly, it is possible to accurately grasp whether there are defects at the mechanism side of the brake apparatus 5 or whether the braking performance has deteriorated.
(4) The time while the braking force of the brake apparatus is stabilized is considered in addition to the idle time when the fixed stopping time is determined. Accordingly, it is possible to accurately verify braking performance.
(5) The braking performance verifying process is executed only when the slide 2 is being lowered. As a result, it is possible to eliminate the effects of a spring or the like which is provided on the press machine side when determining the fixed time and it is possible to more accurately measure the stopping time.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment as above, and various modifications and alterations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention.
(a) In the embodiment described above, the fixed stopping time is determined using a calculation, but a fixed value where the specifications of the brake apparatus and the like are considered may be used.
(b) A process as shown in
That is, in step S20 in
As described above, production driving is prohibited in a case where the predicted stopping time is equal to or more than a threshold value which indicates an abnormality. Here, it is not preferable to carry out trial driving or the like soon after resetting since the brake apparatus in the press machine is an important apparatus. Therefore, here, first, a verifying process in a manual mode is executed. The manual switch is a switch for executing the braking performance verifying process in the manual mode.
The process moves from step S20 to step S22 in a case where the manual switch is operated. In step S22, the slide is driven at the maximum drive speed and the stopping time is measured. In step S23, it is determined whether or not the stopping time satisfies a predetermined standard. The process moves from step S23 to step S24 in a case where the stopping time satisfies the predetermined standard. In step S24, prohibiting of the production driving in step S11 is cancelled.
In addition, the braking performance verifying process is not executed over time in a case where an instruction such as urgent stopping is not detected for a long period of time. Therefore, in step S21, it is determined whether or not 24 hours has passed since executing of steps S8 to S11. The process moves from step S21 to step S25 in a case where 24 hours has passed since executing of steps S8 to S11. Here, a process which prompts carrying out of the braking performance verifying process in manual mode is executed.
(c) In the embodiment described above, the present invention is applied to an electric servo press, but it is possible to apply the present invention in the same manner to another type of press machine. A block diagram of a mechanical press unit is illustrated in
The press unit 30 is provided with the slide 2, a motor 31, an amplifier 32, a fly wheel 33, a clutch brake 34, a flow control section 35, a speed reducer 36, and a power conversion mechanism 37. In addition, the press unit 30 has the NC apparatus 10, the emergency stopping circuit 11, the activating switch 15, the emergency stopping button 16, and the light-beam safety apparatus 17 in the same manner as the configuration in
In the press unit 30, the motor 31 is driven using control signals from the amplifier 32. The fly wheel 33 is rotated using the motor 31 and rotation energy is accumulated in the fly wheel 33. The rotation energy of the fly wheel 33 is transferred to the speed reducer 36 via the clutch brake 34 and is further transferred to the power conversion mechanism 37. The power conversion mechanism 37 is, for example, an eccentric mechanism and the rotation driving is converted into up and down driving by the mechanism. Due to this, the slide 2 is raised and lowered.
The clutch brake 34 is controlled by air pressure or liquid pressure from the flow control section 35. The clutch brake 34 is turned on or off at a predetermined timing. Then, when a stopping instruction is output from the emergency stopping circuit 11, the clutch brake 34 is controlled such that the clutch is off (cancelling of engagement) and the brake is on using the flow control section 35. Due to this, the slide 2 is stopped.
Here, the position of the slide 2 is determined by press angles which are calculated from the output of the pulse coder 38.
According to the apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to automatically verify braking performance in a press machine when there is an instruction for urgent stopping, emergency stopping, or the like.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2012-058138 | Mar 2012 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/053872 | 2/18/2013 | WO | 00 | 12/20/2013 |
