Patent Application
20130309347
The invention relates to a press for briquetting granular material in accordance with the pre-characterising clause of claim 1.
Presses of this kind are obtainable on the market. They serve primarily for compressing waste in the form of chips, such as is produced during the machining of wood and plastics by cutting, or materials similar to granulate or powder, to form compact briquettes which can be easily handled and can be stored in a space-saving manner.
A press which has the features set out in the pre- characterising clause of claim 1 is described, for example, in DE 10 2010 012 300 A1.
In the case of this press, the relative movement between the cylinder bottom and the compressing cylinder takes place as a result of the fact that a drum, which comprises a plurality of compressing cylinders distributed in the peripheral direction, is turned over above a stationary plate which, at the same time, constitutes the cylinder bottoms for the various compressing cylinders.
This arrangement takes up a relatively large amount of space. A lot of material has to be used for producing it, and the press is correspondingly heavy.
The intention is to provide, by means of the present invention, a briquetting press of the kind initially provided, which takes up less space and can be produced using less material.
This object is achieved, according to the invention, by means of a press having the features indicated in claim 1.
In the briquetting press according to the invention, the cylinder bottom needs to have only a slightly larger transverse dimension than the clear diameter of the compressing cylinder. The cylinder bottom is therefore a compact and light component. Because of its relatively low weight, it can be quickly moved between a working position, in which it closes that side of the compressing cylinder which is remote from the compressing piston, into an ejecting position, in which that end of the compressing cylinder which is remote from said compressing piston is open.
In the last-mentioned position, it is then possible to eject a briquette from the compressing cylinder by further advancing the compressing piston.
Briquetting presses are also known in which the end of the compressing cylinder is permanently open, but the clear diameter of said compressing cylinder decreases towards the end. In the case of compressing cylinders of this kind, it is possible to manufacture an endless briquette strand, under which circumstances granular material which is freshly fed into the compressing cylinder is first of all pre-compacted, in the course of each stroke of the compressing piston, through the fact that said material is pressed against the material which has already been compressed earlier and which is bearing against the wall of the compressing cylinder with frictional contact. When this pre-compacting operation is brought to an end, a piece of the briquette strand that corresponds to the quantity of material which has been added is pushed, as the compressing piston continues to advance, out of the unobstructed end of the compressing cylinder, where it then generally drops off the strand as a result of its own weight.
This kind of briquette manufacture is less advantageous for some materials, because the maximum pressure which is achieved during the briquetting operation is relatively low. Moreover, the individual briquettes obtained as a result of the breaking-off of the briquette strand do not have exactly the same axial dimensions, and the surfaces of the fracture, which form the end faces of the briquette, are irregularly shaped.
When use is made of the briquetting press according to the invention, on the other hand, all the briquettes have exactly the same external geometry. They can also be compressed using very high pressure, since the compressing ram operates against the rigidly supported cylinder bottom.
If desired, it is also possible, in the briquetting press according to the invention, to adjust the final compressing pressure in a simple manner via the drive which works on the compressing piston. As a rule, this consists of hydraulic working cylinders whose output force can be adjusted in a simple manner via the pressurisation of the working space of the working cylinder.
Advantageous further developments of the invention form the subject of subclaims.
The further development of the invention according to claim 2 is advantageous as regards enabling the cylinder bottom to abosrb greater forces. The absorption of greater forces can take place more easily via a swivel bearing than via a sliding guide, which is also another possibility for displacing the cylinder bottom.
What is achieved by means of the further development of the invention according to claim 3 is that the compressing of the briquette does not lead to a swivelling movement of the cylinder bottom. The latter therefore does not need to be securely stabilised, in the direction of swivelling, by elaborate measures. Stabilisation by means of a positioning drive, which works on the cylinder bottom in any case, is sufficient.
The further development of the invention according to claim 5 is of advantage as regards simple swivelling of the cylinder bottom, using cost-effective and efficient working cylinders.
In a briquetting press according to claim 6, the part that forms the cylinder bottom is very long, compared with the driving lever. The angle lever formed by the cylinder bottom and the driving part thus provides for gearing of the movement between the driving lever and the output-drive lever. It is thereby possible for the cylinder bottom to be swivelled between its two positions by small driving movements.
What is achieved by means of the further development of the invention according to claim 7 is that the cylinder bottom can be moved between its two positions using little force.
The further development according to claim 8 is of advantage as regards a compact construction of the press.
The further development of the invention according to claim 9 has the advantage that the movement of the cylinder bottom takes place in a horizontal plane, a fact which is of advantage as regards accommodating the compressing unit below the bottom of a storage bin.
In a press according to claim 10, the finished briquettes are delivered in a predetermined orientation. This is advantageous when it is desired to stack the briquettes in a compact manner subsequent to manufacture.
The further development of the invention according to claim 11 is, again, of advantage as regards a compact overall arrangement consisting of the press and the associated storage bin for the product to be compressed.
The same applies to the further development of the invention according to claim 12.
In a press according to claim 13, the finished briquettes are moved towards the briquette delivery aperture at an increasing transverse distance from the axis of the compressing cylinder. This is advantageous because a rear section of a briquette, which section projects into a prolongation of the compressing cylinder, can be simultaneously used as an entraining means on which a subsequent briquette exerts an axial advancing force which is ultimately generated by the compressing piston.
The further development of the invention according to claim 14 is of advantage as regards simple and robust construction of the cylinder bottom and of the driving mechanism provided for the latter.
In a press according to claim 15, the two guide plates for the cylinder bottom simultaneously serve as a robust mounting for a bearing pin which carries said cylinder bottom.
The further development of the invention according to claim 16 makes it possible for the positioning cylinder which works on the movable cylinder bottom to be supported in a swivellable manner at a greater distance from the axis of the compressing cylinder. This is of advantage as regards having substantially the same geometry of application of the positioning force in the various swivelling positions of the cylinder bottom.
The invention will be explained in greater detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawings, in which:
In the context of the present description and claims, “granular material” should be understood to mean any material which consists of fairly small individual pieces which can move in relation to one another and which, in bulk, are separated from one another by fairly large interstices. In concrete terms, this may be material which is obtained when sawing or milling a material such as wood, plastic or metal. However, it may also be a material in chip form, such as is obtained when planing wood or turning plastic or metal. Finally, it may also be small solid fragments which occur as residues in the course of sawing operations or are delivered by shredders.
In the drawings, a compressing cylinder is designated as a whole by 10. Said cylinder comprises a central cylinder section 12 which is lined with a hard, wear-resistant, smooth sleeve 14.
Said sleeve 14 delimits a compressing chamber 16.
Fixedly mounted on that end of the central cylinder section 12 which is located on the right in the drawing is a cylinder end-piece 18 which has a central aperture 20. The diameter of said aperture is slightly larger than the internal diameter of the sleeve 14.
The cylinder end-piece 18 has a flat end face on its side which is located on the left in the drawing. Its end face 22 which is on the right in the drawing has the shape of part of a cylinder.
Represented in the right-hand section of
Just like the cylinder end-piece 18, the cylinder bottom 24 has a cross-section which remains the same in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. Its end face 30, which is located on the left in
The end face 22 of the cylinder end-piece 18 is complementary to the end face 30 of the cylinder bottom 24; its axis likewise coincides with that of the shaft 26.
Connected to the cylinder bottom 24 in a torsion-proof manner is a driving lever 32. Its driving end, which is remote from the shaft 26, is connected in an articulated manner via a pin 34 to a piston rod 36 belonging to a hydraulic working cylinder 38. The housing of the latter is supported on the machine frame 28 in an articulated manner by means of a pin 40.
By pressurising the two working spaces of the working cylinder 38 in a suitable manner, the cylinder bottom 24 can be moved out of the working position represented in the drawing and into an unblocking position which is swivelled out of said working position in the clockwise direction and in which the aperture 20 is unobstructed.
Only small strokes of the working cylinder 38 are necessary for moving the cylinder bottom 24 between the unblocking position and the working position, since the angle lever formed by said cylinder bottom 24 and the driving lever 32 brings about gearing of the movement according to the ratios between the lengths of the cylinder bottom 24 and the driving lever 32.
A compressing piston 42 runs within the sleeve 14. Said piston is mounted on the end of a piston rod 44 which is part of a hydraulic working cylinder 46.
By acting on the working cylinder 46, it is possible to move the compressing piston 42 from left to right in the drawing in order to compress granular material. In the course of this movement, granular material fed into the compressing cylinder 10 is compressed against the cylinder bottom 24 which is located in its working position. In the process, the peripheral face of the material is given a shape which is predetermined by the sleeve 14. The end faces of the compressed material are given a geometry which corresponds to the geometry of the end face 30 of the cylinder bottom 24 and to the geometry of the front end face of the compressing piston 42, respectively.
A feeding unit, which is designated as a whole by 48, is provided for supplying granular material. Said unit comprises a feeding cylinder 50 whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the compressing cylinder 10.
The feeding cylinder 50 is inserted, by its end that lies at the bottom in the drawing, in the wall of the cylinder section 12 in a form-locking manner.
A feeding piston 52, which is moved by a hydraulic working cylinder 54, is displaceable within the feeding cylinder 50. The compressing piston 52 has a front piston end-piece 56 which is at the bottom in the drawing and which has a cylindrical end face 58. When the compressing piston 52 is moved into a forward end location, said end face 58 constitutes a smooth extension of the peripheral wall of the sleeve 14 and fits exactly into an aperture 60, which is provided for supplying material, in the sleeve 14, and into an aperture 62, which is in alignment with said sleeve, in the peripheral wall of the central cylinder section 12.
For the purpose of supplying granular material, the peripheral wall of the feeding cylinder 50 is provided with an aperture 64 which is in communication with a feeding duct 66 within which a feeding worm 68, which is rotated by a motor 70, runs.
On its outer face, the feeding piston 52 carries various sealing rings 72 which are spaced apart axially.
The working cylinder 46 which works on the compressing piston 42 is arranged in a tubular protective housing 74 which consists of two bolted-together housing parts 76 and 78 and which constitutes a prolongation of the compressing cylinder 10 and is rigidly connected to the latter.
In the drawing, a pressure-supplying unit for the working cylinder 38 is represented diagrammatically at 80.
This works on a time basis in the following manner:
Starting from the rear end location, the working cylinder 38 is acted on by the full, predetermined feeding pressure. The movement of the compressing piston 42 is monitored at the same time, for example using a position-indicator which cooperates with the compressing piston 42 or the piston rod 44.
Alternatively, it is also possible to monitor the rise in pressure within the working space of the working cylinder 46.
From the point in time at which the sensor that cooperates with the compressing piston 42 or the piston rod 44 has indicated that the end position of the piston has been reached, the pressurisation of the working cylinder 46 is still maintained for a predetermined time span, in order to stabilise the compressing of the granular material within the press.
After this predetermined time span, the two working spaces of the working cylinder 46 are relieved of pressure and connected to one another. In this way, the compressing piston 42 no longer exerts any force on the briquette located within the compressing chamber 16. The abutting surface between the end face and the end face 30 of the intermediate bottom 24 is accordingly relieved of pressure, and the frictional contact between the end of the briquette and the end face of the intermediate bottom is correspondingly reduced. It is now possible to swivel the intermediate bottom 24 using little force.
This relieving of the pressure on the compressing piston 42 is maintained until the cylinder bottom 24 has reached its unblocking position. This may take place either using time-control or by monitoring the output signal of an end- location sensing device (not shown) which responds when said cylinder bottom 24 has reached its unblocking position.
The working cylinder 46 is then pressurised again in the extending direction by the pressure-supplying unit 76, so that the finished briquette is ejected from the compressing cylinder 10.
The pressure-supplying unit 76 then drives the working cylinder 46 into its retracted inoperative position again; this may again take place in a time-controlled manner or using an end-location sensing device.
The briquetting press described above works, overall, in the following manner:
In the starting state which is reproduced in the drawings, granular material is conveyed, by rotation of the feeding work 68, out of a storage bin and into the interior of the feeding cylinder 50, where it falls downwards.
When a predetermined quantity of material has been poured in, a fact which can be identified by a level-detector or even predetermined simply by the duration of operation of the feeding worm 68, said feeding worm 68 is stopped and the feeding piston 52 is moved forward, by suitable pressurisation of the working cylinder 54, to a point where the end face 58 of the piston end-piece 56 constitutes a smooth, aligned complement to the peripheral face of the sleeve 14. It is possible to guarantee that this end location has been reached, simply by means of suitable stops which cooperates with the piston end-piece 56 or the feeding piston 52.
The granular material which is located below the end face of the piston end-piece 56 is already slightly pre- compacted when the feeding piston 52 moves into the lower working position. Part of the granular material is also diverted in the lateral direction into the interior of the sleeve 14 under the pressure exerted by the feeding piston 52.
After the feeding piston 52 has reached its working position, the compressing piston 42 is moved from left to right in the drawing by suitable pressurisation of the working cylinder 46. This movement takes place until the front face of the compressing piston 42 has reached a distance in front of the end face 30 of the cylinder bottom 24 that corresponds to the desired axial dimension of a briquette. In view of the swelling-up again of the briquetted material after it leaves the briquetting press, this desired dimension may be slightly smaller than the size finally desired for the storage and transport of the briquettes.
After the compressing piston 42 has remained in its forward end position for a predetermined period, the pressurisation of the working cylinder 38 is temporarily suspended in order to reduce the friction between that end face of the finished briquette which is located on the right in the drawing, and the end face 30 of the cylinder bottom 24. Said cylinder bottom 24 is now swivelled in the clockwise direction by suitable pressurisation of the working cylinder 38, as a result of which the aperture 20 in the cylinder end-piece 18 is now unobstructed. The finished briquette is now ejected by the compressing piston 42 by pressurisation of the working cylinder 46 in the extending direction.
The compressing piston 42, the feeding piston 52 and the cylinder bottom 24 are then moved back again into their starting positions which are shown in the drawings, and the cycle described above for compressing a briquette runs its course anew.
The briquetting press described above is distinguished, in practical operation, by satisfactory stability in the dimensions of the briquettes produced. It is also possible to compress the granular material under very high pressure to form briquettes, since the open side of the compressing cylinder 12 can be closed by the cylinder bottom 24 in a reliable manner and with a high load-bearing capacity during the actual compressing operation.
The briquetting press is also of compact construction in most of the transverse directions. Only in that direction in which the feeding unit 48 is attached does it have larger dimensions.
The press shown in
The delivery unit 80 comprises a delivery duct 84 which may be formed by a bent sheet-metal part or may be located, as is represented, within a solid part.
At the output end, the delivery duct 84 has turned-over flanges 86 by means of which it can be connected to a conveyor tube having an identical cross-sectional contour, within which the individual briquettes can then be conveyed to a packing location under the action of gravity or pressurisation or a mechanical drive.
In the end section of the delivery duct 84, there are provided, on both sides, braking rollers 88 which cooperate with two opposite main faces of a briquette 90 so that a briquette is delivered only when it is subjected to an ejecting force from behind.
For this purpose, the cylinder bottom 24 is brought, by retraction of the piston rod 36, out of the working position represented in solid lines and into an inoperative position which, in the exemplary embodiment, is swivelled by 90° and which is reproduced in dashes in the drawing.
The compressing piston 16 is now able to push the finished briquette 90 into a transfer duct 92 which constitutes a prolongation of the compressing chamber 16 of the compressing cylinder 10.
In this connection, the stroke of the compressing piston 16 is dimensioned in such a way that, at the end of the stroke, the briquette 90 is moved into a transfer position which is represented in dashes and in which it is located above an aperture 94 which is obtained as a result of intersection of the delivery duct 84 with the transfer duct 92. The aperture 94 has at least the same axial dimensions as a briquette 90. The axial dimension of the aperture 94 is preferably about 10% larger than the length of a briquette 90.
As can be seen from
As can be seen from
If one looks again at
In this position, that peripheral end face of the cylinder bottom 24 which is located at the bottom in
As can be seen from
In the case of the delivery unit shown in
When looking at
In the case of the delivery unit 80 shown in
The delivery duct 84 now runs parallel to, and at a distance from, the duct in the compressing cylinder and the transfer duct 92. The cylinder bottom 24 is now provided with a rectangular extension 118 which moves a briquette in the lateral direction out of the transfer duct 92 and into the delivery duct 84.
Said delivery duct 84 now contains a belt conveyor which is designated as a whole by 120 and which is integrated into the externally located side wall of said delivery duct 84. This conveyor contains, in addition to deflecting rollers 122 of which only one is shown, a conveyor belt 124 which cooperates with the briquettes in a frictionally engaged manner, and a pressure plate 128 behind the rear side of the working strand of said conveyor belt 124, which pressure plate 128 is pretensioned in the direction of the briquettes by springs 126. As a result of the starting-up of the belt conveyor 230, the briquettes 90 are moved within the delivery duct 84 towards its delivery aperture 82.
The working of the belt conveyor 124 is, of course, synchronised electrically with the supplying of another briquette, in such a way that the section of the belt conveyor 124 that lies behind the transfer aperture 94 is empty before the ejection of a briquette.
The briquetting presses described above can be constructed from very simple and robust components.
In the modified press according to
The outside of the cylinder housing carries a mounting ring 130 which is provided, on its upper side and underside, with a stub shaft 40 in each case.
The two stub shafts are rotatably mounted in bearing apertures in bearing brackets 132 which are screwed onto the side faces, which are the front side faces in
In this way it is possible to fasten the positioning cylinder 36 on the housing 114 of the delivery unit 80 (guide plates 96, 98, plate 112) in such a way that there act on the cylinder bottom 24, both when the latter is in the working position and when it is in its inoperative position, forces which displace said cylinder bottom 24 safely between its positions, without the effective components of force of the positioning cylinder 36 varying in a heavily geometry-conditioned manner.
The following errors in the German text have not been corrected in the translation:
P. 2, 1. 10: “zwischen” (“between”) should read “aus” (“from”).
P. 8, 1. 6: The ref. no. “28” for the “Maschinenrahmen” (“machine frame”) is correct here, but incorrect in
P. 9, 1. 34 & p. 10, 1. 3: “Presskolben” (“compressing piston”) is presumably an error for “Speisekolben” (“feeding piston”), judging by the ref. no. involved (52).
P. 11, lines 17, 19 & 20: “Zwischenboden” (“intermediate bottom”) must be an error for “Zylinderboden” (“cylinder bottom”) in all three occurrences.
P. 12, 1. 26: “zusammenarbeitet” (“cooperates”) has been translated as it stands, but should read “zusammenarbeiten” (“cooperate”) as the subject “Anschläge” (“stops”) is plural.
P. 16, 1. 8: The ref. no. “100” referring to the “Schrauben” (“screws”) should read “104” (see 1. 14).
P. 16, 1. 26: The ref. no. “94” referring to the “Zylinderboden” (“cylinder bottom”) should read “24”.
P. 18, 1. 21: The ref. no. “230” for the “Bandförderer” (“belt conveyor”) should read “120”.
C1. 1, 1. 15-16 Repetition of “Ende” (“end”)
C1. 4, 1. 32: The ref. nos. “(18, 30)” for the “zylindrischen Endflächen” (“cylindrical end faces”) should presumably read “(22, 30)” (see. 1. 30).
C1. 6, 1. 9: The ref. no. “(46)” for the “Stellzylinder” (“positioning cylinder”) should read “(38)”.
C1. 12, 1. 5: The first line should obviously read “Presse nach Anspruch 11” not “Presse nach Anspruch 12”). Also, in the same claim and in the second line of c1. 13, the ref. no. for the “Abgabekanal” (“delivery duct”) should be 84 not 88. (The same error occurs in the 5th and 7th lines of claim 17.)
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2012 008 429.3 | Apr 2012 | DE | national |
| 10 2012 017 573.6 | Sep 2012 | DE | national |
