Patent Application
20060213076
This application claims priority on Canadian patent application No. 2,502,252, filed Mar. 24, 2005, entitled “Wood Stabilizer Apparatus”, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.
The present invention relates to a pressing device and a method of drying lumber for mitigating the warping of wood planks during drying.
When drying wood planks in a lumber dryer, the planks have a natural tendency of warping and distorting as water evaporates. This can be partly mitigated by organizing wood planks in a stack since the overall weight of the wood stack produces a downward compressive force on the lower planks therein. The resulting forces help prevent the lower planks from warping and provide at least some guidance for the deformations occurring in the longitudinal direction. However, with such an arrangement, the upper planks have less or no compressive force acting on them, thereby being prone to warping and distortion.
Adding weights on the top of a wood stack may be useful to solve the problem of warping and distortion of the planks in the upper part of the stack. However, this may require additional manipulation and complexity to the process. It is also time consuming. One challenge is that the force generally needs to be important and evenly applied. Secondly, the space available in a lumber dryer is limited and these dryers must be loaded at a maximum capacity to be optimally efficient.
An aim of the improvements is to alleviate some of the needs concerning lumber drying.
In accordance with one aspect, there is provided a pressing device for use in a lumber dryer having a lumber stack loading area. The pressing device comprises: at least one guiding member extending substantially vertically, and a pressing member slidably connected to the guiding member, the pressing member extending substantially horizontally above the stack loading area and being slidable between a loading position and a pressing position, a downward compressive force being applied by the pressing member to a lumber stack loaded in the loading area of the dryer when the pressing member is in the pressing position.
In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a pressing device for use in a lumber dryer having a lumber stack loading area. The pressing device comprises a pressing member extending substantially horizontally above the lumber loading area; and means for vertically moving the pressing member while holding it from a side thereof so as to apply a downward compressive force to a lumber stack in the loading area.
In accordance with still another aspect, there is provided a method of maintaining a stack of lumber during drying, the method comprising: supporting a substantially horizontal pressing member from one side thereof; positioning a stack of lumber beneath the pressing member; moving the pressing member downwardly while keeping it in a substantially horizontal position until it makes contact with an upper portion of the stack of lumber; and continuing to move the pressing member so as to apply a downward compressive force to the stack of lumber.
Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended figures, in which:
FIGS. 1 to 3 show an example of an improved pressing device 10. The pressing device 10 is adapted for use in a lumber dryer (not shown). The illustrated pressing device 10 is double sided. Each side is independent from the other and has a corresponding stack loading area 12 where the lumber stack 14 is positioned during the drying process. Both sides are mounted to a common frame 16. It should be noted that only one of these two sides will be described in detail, the other side being similar to the one described herein.
The pressing device 10 includes a pressing member which extends horizontally over a stack loading area. The pressing member 18 is slidably connected to one or more guiding members 20 extending substantially vertically from the floor of the dryer. The pressing member 18 is vertically displaceable to apply a downward compressive force onto a loaded stack of lumber. It can also be moved upwardly to allow loading and unloading the lumber stack. The illustrated pressing member 18 is a cantilever pressing member 18; it is cantilevered relative to the guiding members 20.
In
Referring to
Referring to
The actuator assembly 50 provided in the illustrated embodiment is shown in greater detail in
The lifting assembly 64 includes a lifting winder 68 mounted to the main shaft 60, a set of movable pulleys 70 mounted to the pressing member 18, and a set of fixed pulleys 72 mounted to the frame 16 of the pressing device 10, above the movable pulleys 70. The lowering assembly 66 includes a lowering winder 74 mounted to the main shaft 60, a set of movable pulleys 76 mounted to the pressing member 18, and a set of fixed pulleys 78 mounted to the frame 16 of the pressing device 10, below the movable pulleys 76.
In each of the lifting assemblies 64 and lowering assemblies 66, a respective lifting cable 80 and lowering cable 82 is wound to the winder, joins a fixed pulley and a movable pulley, and back to a fixed pulley and so forth until a fixed pulley is joined to the pressing member 18. In this example, the number of fixed pulleys in each assembly is of three, and the number of movable pulleys is of two. Those skilled in the art will understand that more or less force multiplication can be used. In this example, both the lifting winder 68 and the lowering winder 74 are mounted to the main shaft 60 in such a manner as to be rotated by the main shaft 60, but to be longitudinally displaced along the main shaft 60. This is achieved by the main shaft 60 having a longitudinal slot and being connected to a keyway of the winder, the keyway matching the slot (both of which are not shown) as it is known to those skilled in the art. The winding direction of the lifting winder 68 is opposite to the winding direction of the lowering winder 74 relative to the axis of the main shaft 60.
In this example, one end of each one of the cables 80, 82 is attached to the pressing member 18 via a threaded fastener 84. This allows precisely adjusting the extension length of the cables manually by adjusting the penetration depth of the threaded fastener.
It will be noted that, in this example, the pulleys are arranged for the cables to work substantially in the direction of displacement of the pressing member 18 (i.e. vertically). This contributes to maximizing the use of the motor torque.
The motor 52 used in this example is an electric motor which has a brake made integral with it, as known in the art. The brake is automatically applied then the power is interrupted, and automatically released as soon as power is applied to the motor. In the event of a power failure during pressing, the brake is automatically applied and some downward force continues to be applied to the stack of lumber 14. If a power failure happens when the pressing member 18 is in the loading position, the brake is automatically applied and prevents the pressing member 18 from sliding down along the guiding members 20. The electric motor can be configured for the brake to be automatically applied when the pressing member 18 is slid into the loading position and the upper roller 38 of the sliding assembly 26 encounters the upper stopper plate 46 (
In this example, a direct torque control™ (DTC™) driving unit (not shown), supplied by ABB (see www.abb.com), was used to control the electric motor 52. The driving unit is electrically connected between the motor 52 and a power supply. Using this type of driving unit allows maintaining motor torque when applying the downward force to a stack of lumber 14, even when the driveshaft 54 does not turn (0 RPM torque). Furthermore, using this type of driving unit allows selecting the amount of compressive force applied depending on the type of stack of lumber. Such a motor also has a relatively low energy consumption during the period of force application, which can extend several hours in the case of lumber drying. Yet, such a driving unit allows maintaining a substantially constant compressive force to the stack of lumber 14 even though some mechanical changes (e.g. cable stretching) can occur in the equipment or in the configuration of the stacks during drying, such as may be caused by heat generated by the dryer.
In this example, a signaling light (not shown) may be provided to indicate the status of the pressing device 10, and the pressing device 10 can be made to function entirely unmanned.
Referring now to
The frame 116 is fixedly mounted to the ground, to the floor of the heating unit, or to any other immobile structure (not shown). In an alternate embodiment, the frame 116 can be moved to specific locations in the heating unit by being mounted on a railing system (not shown), for example. The frame 116 includes a plurality of vertical frame members 130 and a plurality of horizontal frame members 131 fixedly mounted to one another.
In this example, the vertical frame members 130 are longitudinally spaced apart from each other and include guiding members 120 which are adapted to slidably connect the pressing members 118 to the frame 116. The vertical frame members 130 and the horizontal frame members 131 altogether define a plurality of potential mounting supports for the actuator assembly 150, as will be further explained below.
The pressing members 118 each include two opposed sliding supports 136, each sliding support 136 being associated to a respective guiding member 120. In this example, the sliding supports 136 each have four rollers which are built to roll alongside the guiding members 120. Two pairs of rollers are thus provided, each pair of roller being is spaced apart from the other pair such as to be positioned on opposite faces of the guiding members 120 and thereby allow a slidable connection between the pressing member 118 and the frame 116 upon movement of the pressing member 118.
The electric motor 152 includes a driveshaft 154 which has a driving sprocket 156. The driving sprocket 156 is connected to a multiplying sprocket 158 with a chain 157. The multiplying sprocket 158 is mounted to the main shaft 160. The motor 152 is fixedly mounted to the supporting structure of the frame 116. The motor is further provided with a brake which prevents the driveshaft 154 from rotating when there is no current being supplied to the motor 152.
The main shaft 160 is rotatably supported on the frame 116 via bearing assemblies 186 mounted on the frame 116 and is provided with winders. The winders are fixedly mounted at predetermined positions along the shaft and are configured and sized to cooperate with pulleys in moving the pressing members 118. In this embodiment, the winders are double winders and each feed a cable to two pulley systems, each pulley system being associated with a respective pressing member 118. Two lifting pulley assemblies 164 and two lowering pulley assemblies 166 are provided along the main shaft 160 for each pressing member 18.
In use, a pressing device 110 of this example may function as follows. First, the pressing member 118 is set at a loading position that corresponds to a predetermined distance above the floor of the heating unit which is higher than the stack of lumber 114 to be dried. The stacked lumber 114 may then be positioned in the loading area 112, below the pressing member 118.
Upon actuation of the motor 152, the driveshaft 154 is rotated in a lowering direction and drives the driving sprocket 156 which cooperates with the chain 157 to drive the multiplying sprocket 158. The multiplying gear 158 drives the main shaft 160. The winders follow the induced rotation of the main shaft 160 in the charging direction. The cable which is wound on the lifting half of the winder starts to unroll and pivots about the fixed pulley and the movable pulley. At the same time, the cable which is wound on the lowering half of the winder starts to wind around the winder and pivots about the fixed pulley and the mobile pulley mounted on the pressing member 118. The tension created in the lowering cable pulls the pressing member 18 downwardly into contact with the stacked lumber 114. The pressing member 118 reaches a pressing position when the pressing member 118 comes into contact with the highest stack of lumber.
Depending on the charging force required on the stacked lumber, the cable continues to be rolled around the roller such that tension builds in the cable which allows the guider compressing the highest lumber stack 114.
When the required charging force on the stacked lumber 114 has been reached, the motor 152 is shut down and the internal brake (not shown) helps maintaining the charging force by keeping the tension in the cables. The heaters (not shown) in the heating unit may then be activated such as to circulate heated air to dry the bundles of wood while the pressing device 110 provides controlled deformation guidance to the lumber.
Accordingly, the charging force imposed on the stacked lumber 114, may be adjusted during the drying process by operating the pressing device 110 as described previously.
When the drying process comes to an end, the motor 152 may once again be actuated in a reversed free direction such that the tension built in the lowering cable is released, and consequently, the charging force imposed by the pressing member 118 on the stack 114 is released.
At that time, the lifting cable of the actuator assembly starts to wound around the lifting portion of the winder, and lifts the pressing member 118.
This combined effect of the actuator assembly 150 moves the pressing member 118 upwardly away from the highest stack. The pressing member 118 is then at the loading position. At that time, the lumber stack 114 may be removed from the apparatus.
In this example, the lowering assemblies 166 include an electronic load cell 188. The electronic load cell 188 is in signal communication with the motor 152 and is mounted to the lowering cables of the actuator assembly 150 for monitoring the tension force in the cables. The load cell 188 is positioned in the portion of the cable which links the last pulley to the pressing member 118.
In operation, upon reading a tension variation in the cable above or below preset values, the electronic load cell 188 sends a signal actuating the motor for either rotating in the charging direction if more tension is needed in the cable or for rotating in the free direction if less tension is needed in the cable.
The electronic load cell 188 may further be programmed with charging force data corresponding to various types of woods. Each type of wood generally requires a specific charging force which may further vary in function of time and temperature. With the type of wood that is used as an input, the electronic load cell 188 is therefore able to automatically calibrate itself and provide the required charging force. When a drive unit is used, the drive unit can be provided with this type of information instead.
In this example, and as may be seen in more detail in
In an alternate embodiment, the pressing device 110 can include a security stopper system which is complementary to the brake of the electric motor (not shown). The security system includes a male member in the form of a security pin and a female member in the form of a recess. The male portion is rigidly mounted to the frame and is oriented toward the recess. The recess is rigidly mounted or welded to the pressing member 118, such that the recess is oriented toward the security pin. The security stopper system can be electrically or manually operated such that the male portion is extended into the female receiver to lock the pressing member 118 into position. Hence, the pressing member 118 can be locked into the loading position by the braking system when the pressing device 110 is not in operation.
Referring to
Many alternative designs can be made to the examples of improved pressing devices described above and illustrated, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. Some additional examples will be given to illustrate this.
Although the pressing members described above were described as being purely horizontal, in an alternate embodiment, they can be provided with a slight incline as they extend away from the guiding members. In fact, depending on the type of material used for the pressing member, which can be various, the downward compressive force can noticeably flex the pressing member. Here, a slight inclination of, for example, less than 5° can act to compensate for this flexion and contribute to a better transversal dispersion of the downward compressive force. This is less of an issue when stabilizers are used.
Although the pressing members described had a cross-hatched configuration, many suitable alternate configurations will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art. For example, the pressing member can have a flat plate mounted below it to distribute the downward compressive force even more evenly. In an alternate embodiment, the pressing member can consist of a single transversally extending beam, for example.
Similarly, although in the examples given above two guiding members were used to slidably connect each pressing member, in an alternate embodiment, there can be provided only a single guiding member, for example. Further, instead of being cantilevered respective to the guiding members, the pressing member can be slidably connected to guiding members at both sides thereof, on either side of the stack loading area. Alternate configurations of guiding members are possible. The guiding member and sliding support can be a tube and post arrangement or any other suitable sliding assembly. In other alternate embodiments, it can be a rack and pinion assembly or a cushion assembly, for example.
In the example illustrated in
Further, other means for moving the pressing member can be provided. In a simple embodiment, a manual crank linked to the pressing member by a pulley system can be used. In such an embodiment, a spring can be used, linked with the cable, to adjust the pressure exerted by the pressing member by extending the spring with each notch of the crank. In another such alternate embodiment, the weight of the pressing member can be used to generate the downward compressive force to the stacked lumber, and crank means can be provided for the sole purpose of lifting the pressing member, or letting go of the pressing member for it to apply its weight. In an alternate embodiment, the means for moving the pressing member while holding it from one side can be pneumatic, hydraulic, or mechanical and use pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders or a gearbox.
The number of pulleys used to multiply the motor torque was intended to maximize the multiplication of the motor torque. In other embodiments, more, less, or no multiplication can alternately be used by using more or less than the number of pulleys cited as examples. Further, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that chains and gears or the like can replace pulleys and cables.
In still another alternate embodiment, the pressing members could be lockingly pivotally mounted to the sliding support so as to be pivotable into a resting position alongside the guiding members when the pressing device is inoperative. The pressing members would then be pivoted back into a substantially horizontal position and locked into such position to bring the pressing device back into use.
Although in the example, stopper plates were used to limit the vertical displacement of the pressing members, other means can be used. For example, the vertical position of the fixed pulleys of the lifting assembly can be used to limit the vertical displacement of the pressing member in the upward direction, and the vertical position of the fixed pulleys of the lowering assembly can be used to limit the vertical displacement of the pressing member in the downward direction.
It is to be noted that various materials can be used in the different components described. In some embodiments, the structure is entirely painted with a heat-resistant, anti-corrosive coating to resist to the drying process.
As can be seen therefore, the examples described above and illustrated are intended to be exemplary only. Hence, the scope of the improvements is intended to be limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2,502,252 | Mar 2005 | CA | national |
