Pressure balance of automotive air bypass valve

Abstract

A solenoid device includes a solenoid assembly (30) including a stator (42, 32, 38) and a coil (36) for generating a magnetic field. An armature structure (14, 16) can move with respect to the solenoid assembly from a closed position, defining a working gap area (62) between the coil and a portion of the armature structure, to an open position in response to the magnetic field generated by the coil. Seal structure (22) is coupled with a proximal end of the armature structure and has a sealing edge (28) to seal with a component when the armature structure is in the closed position thereof. A spring (44) biases the armature structure to the closed position. Under certain operating conditions of the device, pressure is balanced between the working gap area and an area defined adjacent to 1) the sealing edge, and 2) a distal end of the armature structure.

Description

FIELD

The embodiment relates to a solenoid device for the bypass of intake air in an automotive application and, more particularly, to an air bypass valve that has passive internal pressure balancing.

BACKGROUND

Automotive applications typically using an air pump, specifically a turbine, supercharger, or exhaust driven turbocharger, include gasoline, natural gas or diesel internal combustion engines. Other automotive applications also include fuel cells and fuel reformers, both requiring large volumes of air and often supplied by a turbine pump. While a bypass valve may be utilized for any pump configuration, the exhaust driven turbocharger is the typical application. The exhaust driven turbocharger is a free-spinning turbine with a shaft-separated split impeller, one end receiving force and a rotational moment from the exiting exhaust gases, the other end applying a pumping effect. As it is a free-spinning turbine, if the load on the air side suddenly increases due to a sudden decrease of demand by the engine, such as during deceleration, the pump will see a dramatic decrease in rotation and the corresponding sudden decrease in cooling effect, lubricating effect, as well as a high fatigue load on the impeller blades.

For the purpose of reducing the load on the turbocharger during sudden decreases of downstream flow, a bypass valve is typically applied to allow the impeller to continue moving air from the low pressure side to the high pressure side at a rate now set by the impeller speed. It is desirable to have a valve which can respond quickly when deceleration, load change or load shift point occurs, and recover quickly as when acceleration or higher load is suddenly required. When not energized, it is desirable to minimize bypass leak and corresponding decrease in pump efficiency when full throughput is required from pump. This must be satisfied with robustness as well as cost efficiency, while at the same time not introducing undesirable noise, vibration and harshness, or noise, vibration, harshness (NVH). Historically, bypass valves are comparatively large, heavy electromagnets with machined parts and multiple elastomeric diaphragms, bumpers and seals.

Thus, there is a need to provide an improved air bypass valve that reduces noise and reduces the force to open and close the valve.

SUMMARY

An object of the present invention is to fulfill the need referred to above. In accordance with the principles of an embodiment, this objective is obtained by providing a pressure-balanced solenoid device including a solenoid assembly having a stator and a coil constructed and arranged to be energized to generate a magnetic field. An armature and seal assembly includes an armature structure constructed and arranged to move with respect to the solenoid assembly from a closed position, defining a working gap area between the coil and a portion of the armature structure, to an open position in response to the magnetic field generated by the coil. The armature structure includes a proximal end and a distal end. The armature and seal structure also includes a seal structure coupled with proximal end of the armature structure. The seal structure has a sealing edge constructed and arranged to seal with a component when the armature structure is in the closed position thereof. A spring biases the armature structure to the closed position. The armature and seal assembly includes pressure balancing structure constructed and arranged to provide a pressure balance between the working gap area and an area defined adjacent to 1) the sealing edge, and 2) the distal end of the armature structure. The solenoid device may be an air bypass valve for an automobile.

In accordance with another aspect of the embodiment, a method of balancing pressure in a solenoid device provides a solenoid assembly including a stator and a coil constructed and arranged to be energized to generate a magnetic field. An armature structure is provided and is constructed and arranged to move with respect to the solenoid assembly from a closed position, defining a working gap area between the coil and a portion of the armature structure, to an open position in response to the magnetic field generated by the coil. The armature structure includes a proximal end and a distal end. A seal structure is coupled with proximal end of the armature structure. The seal structure has a sealing edge constructed and arranged to seal with a component when the armature structure is in the closed position thereof. The armature structure is biased to the closed position. The method ensures that under certain operating conditions of the device, pressure is balanced between the working gap area and an area defined adjacent to 1) the sealing edge, and 2) the distal end of the armature structure.

Other objects, features and characteristics of the present invention, as well as the methods of operation and the functions of the related elements of the structure, the combination of parts and economics of manufacture will become more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description and appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts, in which:

FIG. 1 is a view of a solenoid device in the form of an automotive air bypass valve in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of an armature and seal assembly of the air bypass valve of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is an assembled view of the armature and seal assembly of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a solenoid assembly of the air bypass valve of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is an assembled view of the solenoid assembly of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the armature assembly being inserted into the overmolded solenoid assembly of the air bypass valve of FIG. 1.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a solenoid device of FIG. 1 shown with an armature in a closed position.

FIG. 8 is a view of the solenoid device of FIG. 7, with the armature shown in an open position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EXAMPLE EMBODIMENT

Referring to FIG. 1, a solenoid device in the form of an air bypass valve for a vehicle is shown, generally indicated at 10, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The air bypass valve detailed herein comprises about fourteen basic parts, potentially none of which are machined, but all of which are preferably injection molded, stamped, or drawn from sheet stock. Such a configuration provides a realized savings in used material volume and type, along with the corresponding environmental and economic benefits.

With reference to FIGS. 2, 3, and 7, an armature and seal assembly is shown, generally indicated at 12. The armature and seal assembly 12 is the moving component of the valve 10 and includes an armature structure having an armature 14 and a composite, resin or polymer molded pivot gland structure 16 either molded onto a proximal end 15 of the armature 14 or assembled thereto with a mechanical retainer (not shown). Thus, the gland structure 16 can be considered to be part of the armature 14 and includes a gland member 18, the function of which will be explained below. A dynamic seal 20 of an appropriate material is either incorporated as part of the gland structure 16, co-injection molded therewith, or coupled thereto as a separate component. The dynamic seal 20 reduces air leakage past the armature 14, reducing both air noise and bypass leakage. Finally, a hard seal structure 22, preferably made of similar materials as the gland structure 16, has a pivot member 23 that is preferably snapped together with the gland member 18. As best shown in FIG. 7, the mating co-centric spherical surfaces (external surface 24 of gland member 18 and internal surface 26 of the pivot member 23) form a pivot function such that the seal structure 22 can pivot with respect to the gland structure 16 and thus the armature 14. The 360° pivot function is accommodates any dimensional variance from ideal between the axis of the solenoid assembly 30, mounting face of the complete assembly and the sealing surface and mounting surfaces of the respective air manifold or component to which the valve assembly 10 is attached. By accommodating these variances, bypass leak is minimized and durable function of the solenoid maximized in allowing the hard sealing edge 28 of the hard seal structure 22 to mate with the opposite mounting sealing surface as parallel as possible. It is noted that the inner spherical surface can be part of the gland member with the outer spherical surface being part of the pivot member 23.

With reference to FIGS. 4, 5, and 8, solenoid assembly, generally indicated at 30, is shown. The solenoid assembly 30 includes the stationary magnetic components of the valve 10 and includes a magnetic (e.g., ferrous) housing 32 that provides a flux return path and a datum enclosure for other parts of the valve 10. A coil bobbin 34 is wound with an electromagnet coil 36 of a suitable wire material of an appropriate number of turns to provide the resistance and ampere-turns necessary for proper function with the available control electronics. The coil 36 is not shown in FIG. 4. The coil bobbin 34 with coil 36 is inserted into the housing 32, and a magnetic (e.g., ferrous) flux ring 38 is pressed into the housing 32, retaining the coil bobbin 34 and providing a specific working magnetic pole-type to the armature 14. A spring pin 40 is provided in the housing 32 and a magnetic (e.g., ferrous) end cap 42 is pressed onto the housing 32, thereby retaining the spring pin 40. As shown in FIG. 7, upon assembly, the spring pin 40 is received in a bore 41 in a stem portion 55 of the armature 14 so that a first end 43 of the spring pin 40 engages the spring 44 and a second end 45 of the spring pin 40 is adjacent to the end cap 42. The spring pin 40 provides an axial flux path into the armature 14 as well as guides a closing return spring 44, also in bore 41, in the final assembly. The stator of the solenoid assembly 30 comprises the lump magnetic circuit formed by the magnetic flux ring 38, the magnetic housing 32, the magnetic end cap 42 and, if desired, the spring pin 40.

With reference to FIG. 6, the solenoid assembly 30 is over-molded with an appropriate polymer or resin to provide the final encapsulation and retention main housing 46 of all stationary parts for the air bypass valve 10. FIG. 6 shows the final assembly of the valve 10 and also shows how the encapsulation provides a customer specified flange 48 for mounting by the end user. Preferably the flange 48 includes mounting holes 50 that receive, preferably in an encapsulated manner, a support boss 52 therein. In addition, the main housing 46 includes impact protection structure that protect the armature and seal assembly 12 from drops and handling, as well as any manifold sealing O-rings. In the embodiment, the impact protection structure includes a plurality of tabs 54 extending in an annular manner from a bottom surface 56 of the housing 46 so as to generally surround the seal structure 22 of the armature and seal assembly 12.

In the final assembly steps, the closing return spring 44 is inserted into the armature 14, and the armature and seal assembly 12 is the inserted into the solenoid assembly 30. More particularly, a stem portion 55 of the armature 14 is received in a bore 57 in the coil bobbin 34. An O-ring 58 provides a seal with respect to an air manifold (not shown) to which the valve 10 is attached.

Basic operation of the valve 10 will be appreciated with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. FIG. 7 shows the closed position the valve 10 and armature 14 (biased by spring 44) when the electromagnetic coil 36 is not energized via leads 60. In this position, the magnetic gap working volume area 62 is clearly shown between the coil 36 and a generally cylindrical base 63 of the armature 14. The sealing edge 28 is an extended position so as to engage with the manifold surface (not shown). FIG. 8 shows the open position of the valve 10 and armature 14 when voltage is applied to the coil 36 such that a force on the armature 14 overcomes the force of spring 44. In this position, the sealing edge 28 is a retracted position so as to disengage with the manifold surface (not shown).

As best shown in FIG. 7, advantageous passive internal pressure balance is realized through air passing into a pressure balancing structure that includes a first, axially extending port 64 and a second port 66 extending transversely with respect to the first port 64 and in communication therewith. The first port 64 extends axially through the seal structure 22, the gland member 18 and into the armature 14 and can be considered to be part of bore 41 in the armature 14. The port 66 has a reduced diameter portion 65 in the armature 14. The second port 66 extends transversely through the reduced diameter portion 65 to the outer periphery of the stem portion 55 of the armature 14. The second port 66 allows pressure balance between the magnetic working gap area 62 and an area 68 adjacent to the diameter defining the sealing edge 28. The first port 65 continues upward to the bore 41 that houses the spring 44, balancing the pressure there. The bore 41 can be considered to be part of the first port 64.

Finally, the pressure balancing structure includes flats 70 in the periphery of the rod-shaped stem portion 55 of the armature 14 that create a passage communicating an area 72 adjacent to the distal end 74 of the armature 14 and proximal to the spring pin 40, with the magnetic working gap area 62. Thus, a pressure balance is permitted between the area 72 and the working gap area 62. The ports 64, 66 and flats 70 on the armature 14 are conveniently incorporated in a metal injection molded (MIM) part, as the flats are already added for knit line relief in the mold design. Passage sizes are roughly selected to provide pneumatic damping and smoothing of the opening and closing strokes.

Thus, the valve 10 is an electronically activated electromagnetic valve whose purpose is to bypass working air from the high pressure side to the low pressure side of a manifold pressure boost pump, turbocharger, supercharger, turbine air pump or similar. The air bypass valve 10 utilizes a novel passive internal pressure balancing method, reducing the noise of operation and reducing the force required to both open and close the valve. The air bypass valve provides the functionality for the success, long term operation and efficiency of air boost systems, which depend on responsiveness to dynamic changes and robustness of operation.

The foregoing preferred embodiments have been shown and described for the purposes of illustrating the structural and functional principles of the present invention, as well as illustrating the methods of employing the preferred embodiments and are subject to change without departing from such principles. Therefore, this invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit of the following claims.

Claims

1. A solenoid device comprising: a solenoid assembly comprising: a stator, anda coil constructed and arranged to be energized to generate a magnetic field,an armature and seal assembly comprising: an armature structure constructed and arranged to move with respect to the solenoid assembly from a closed position, defining a working gap area between the coil and a portion of the armature structure, to an open position in response to the magnetic field generated by the coil, the armature structure including a proximal end and a distal end, anda seal structure coupled with proximal end of the armature structure, the seal structure having a sealing edge constructed and arranged to seal with a component when the armature structure is in the closed position thereof, anda spring biasing the armature structure to the closed position,wherein the armature and seal assembly includes pressure balancing structure constructed and arranged to provide a pressure balance between the working gap area and an area defined adjacent to 1) the sealing edge, and 2) the distal end of the armature structure,wherein the pressure balancing structure comprises:a first port extending axially through the seal structure and the armature structure,a second port in communication with and extending transversely from the first port, the second port extending to a periphery of the stem portion such that under certain conditions, the second port can communicate with the working gap area anda passage, external of the armature, communicating the working gap area with the area defined adjacent to the distal end of the armature.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the armature structure includes an armature having a base and a generally rod-shaped stem portion extending from the base, and wherein the coil is disposed about a bobbin that is received in an interior portion of a magnetic housing of the stator, the bobbin having a bore there-through, the stem portion of the armature being received in the bore.

3. The device of claim 2, wherein the passage is defined by flats in the periphery of the stem portion of the armature.

4. The device of claim 3, wherein the spring is disposed in the first port.

5. The device of claim 4, further comprising a spring pin having a first end engaging an end of the spring, and a magnetic end cap adjacent to a second end of the spring pin such that the spring pin provides an axial flux path into the armature and guides the spring.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the device is an air bypass valve for a vehicle, wherein the seal structure is coupled with armature structure so that the seal structure can pivot with respect to the armature structure, the seal structure having a sealing edge constructed and arranged to seal with a component when the armature structure is in the closed position thereof.

7. The device of claim 6, wherein the armature structure includes an armature and a gland structure coupled thereto, the gland structure having a gland member defining a generally spherical surface, and the seal structure has a pivot member defining a generally spherical surface that is engaged with the generally spherical surface of the gland member permitting pivoting of the seal structure with respect to the armature.

8. The device of claim 7, further comprising a dynamic seal associated with the gland structure, the dynamic seal being constructed and arranged to reduce air leakage past the armature.

9. The device of claim 2, further comprising a main housing defining a plastic overmold covering the magnetic housing.

10. The device of claim 9, wherein the main housing includes impact protection structure constructed and arranged to protect seal structure.

11. The device of claim 10, wherein the impact protection structure includes a plurality of tabs extending in an annular manner from an end of the main housing so as to generally surround the seal structure.

12. A method of balancing pressure in a solenoid device, the method comprising: providing a solenoid assembly including a stator and a coil constructed and arranged to be energized to generate a magnetic field,providing an armature structure constructed and arranged to move with respect to the solenoid assembly from a closed position, defining a working gap area between the coil and a portion of the armature structure, to an open position in response to the magnetic field generated by the coil, the armature structure including a proximal end and a distal end,providing a seal structure coupled with proximal end of the armature structure, the seal structure having a sealing edge constructed and arranged to seal with a component when the armature structure is in the closed position thereof,biasing the armature structure to the closed position, andensuring that under certain operating conditions of the device, pressure is balanced between the working gap area and an area defined adjacent to 1) the sealing edge, and 2) the distal end of the armature structure,wherein the step of ensuring that pressure is balanced includes providing pressure balancing structure comprises:a first port extending axially through the seal structure and the armature structure,a second port in communication with and extending transversely from the first port, the second port extending to a periphery of the stem portion such that under certain conditions, the second port can communicate with the with the working gap area, anda passage, external of the armature, communicating the working gap area with the area defined adjacent to the distal end of the armature.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of providing the armature structure includes providing an armature having a base and a generally rod-shaped stem portion extending from the base, and wherein the coil is disposed about a bobbin that is received in an interior portion of a magnetic housing of the stator, the bobbin having a bore there-through, the stem portion of the armature being received in the bore.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the passage is defined by flats in the periphery of the stem portion of the armature.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of biasing the armature structure includes providing a spring in the first port.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein the device is an air bypass valve for a vehicle and the component is a manifold.